DOCSLIB.ORG

2Nd Progress Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2Nd Progress Report Technical Assistance for a Study on Forest Biomass Energy Conversion Second Progress Delivery Report Output D 2.1 A report with the collected information that explains how supply chains work and at what points the greatest amount of wood waste is generated www.eclimateadvisory.com 2nd Progress Report Presented to: CTCN Author: Climate and Energy (C&E) Advisory Ltd & S2 Services Date: 28/08/2020 Version: Output D2.1: A report with the collected information that explains how supply chains work and at what points the greatest amount of wood waste is generated (ENG). 1 How Supply chain works and at what points the greatest amounts of wood waste is generated. www.eclimateadvisory.com Citadel of Resilience and Sustainability Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 14 1.1 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY ..................................................................................................... 14 1.2 TECHNICAL APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................. 16 2.0 OVERVIEW OF THE FOREST AND ENERGY SECTOR IN AFRICA ............................................................. 18 2.1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE FOREST SECTOR IN AFRICA ......................................................................................... 18 2.1.1 Economic importance of Africa’s forest and role in climate change mitigation .......................... 18 2.1.2 Deforestation and forest degradation in Africa ......................................................................... 19 2.1.3 Rate of Plantation Establishment in Africa ................................................................................ 21 2.2 AN OVERVIEW OF THE ENERGY SECTOR IN AFRICA ........................................................................................ 22 2.2.1 Forests – Energy – Climate Nexus ............................................................................................. 27 2.2.2 Importance of the Bio-energy Sub Sector in Africa .................................................................... 30 2.2.3 Bio-energy needs and potential ................................................................................................ 31 2.2.4 Bio- energy development: drivers and barriers.......................................................................... 32 2.2.5 Gender dynamics in the bioenergy sub sector ........................................................................... 34 2.2.6 Bioenergy and sustainable development goals ......................................................................... 36 3.0 OVERVIEW OF TARGETED REGIONS AND COUNTRIES ........................................................................ 37 3.1 STATUS OF BIOENERGY AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE ..................................................................................... 38 3.1.1 Central Africa........................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.2 West Africa .............................................................................................................................. 45 3.1.2.1 General ..............................................................................................................................................45 3.1.3 Eastern Africa - Burundi and Djibouti........................................................................................ 53 4.0 FOREST BIOMASS RESIDUES: KEY PLAYERS AND SOURCES OF RESIDUES ............................................ 57 4.1 CENTRAL AFRICA ................................................................................................................................. 57 4.1.1 Forest value chain in Central Africa .......................................................................................... 57 4.1.1.1 Key players involved in forest biomass management ...........................................................................58 4.1.1.2 Forest biomass harvesters...................................................................................................................59 4.1.1.3 Large forest owners/producers ...........................................................................................................59 4.1.1.4 Transporters or logistical operators .....................................................................................................60 4.1.1.5 Merchants ..........................................................................................................................................60 4.1.2 Mapping of forest value chains in Central Africa target countries ............................................. 61 4.1.2.1. Case of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) .................................................................. 62 4.1.2.1.1 Forest resources in DRC .................................................................................................................62 4.1.2.1.2 Forest value chain in DRC...............................................................................................................63 4.1.2.1.3 Players involved in the forest value chain in the DRC ......................................................................64 4.1.2.2. Case of Cameroon ................................................................................................................ 68 4.1.2.2.1 Forest resources in Cameroon .......................................................................................................68 4.1.2.2.2 Sources and types of forest biomass residue in Cameroon ..............................................................78 4.1.2.2.3 Availability of forest biomass residue and conclusion .....................................................................79 4.1.2.3. Case of Congo ...................................................................................................................... 79 4.1.2.3.1 Forest resources in Congo..............................................................................................................79 4.1.2.3.2 Forest value chain in Congo ...........................................................................................................80 4.1.2.3.3 The players involved in the forestry chain of the Republic of Congo ................................................81 4.1.2.4. Case of Gabon...................................................................................................................... 89 4.1.2.4.1 Forest resources in Gabon .............................................................................................................89 4.1.2.4.2 Forest value chain in Gabon ...........................................................................................................90 4.1.2.4.3 The players involved in Gabon's forestry chain ...............................................................................92 4.1.2.5. Case of Equatorial Guinea .................................................................................................... 99 4.1.2.5.1 Forest resources in Equatorial Guinea ............................................................................................99 2 How Supply chain works and at what points the greatest amounts of wood waste is generated. 4.1.2.5.2 Players involved in the forestry chain in Equatorial Guinea ........................................................... 100 4.1.2.5.3 Actors involved in the extraction of forest resources .................................................................... 101 4.1.2.5.4 Actors in primary and secondary transformations of forest resources ........................................... 102 4.1.2.5.5 Transporters / logistic operators .................................................................................................. 102 4.1.2.6. Case of the Central African Republic (CAR) .......................................................................... 104 4.1.2.6.1 Forest resources in Central African Republic................................................................................. 104 4.1.2.6.2 Forest value chain in Central African Republic .............................................................................. 105 4.1.2.6.3 The players involved in the CAR forestry chain ............................................................................. 105 4.1.2.6.4 Transporters / logistic operators .................................................................................................. 109 4.1.2.6.5 Merchant and consumers ............................................................................................................ 110 4.1.2.6.6 Sources and types of forest biomass residue in Central Africa Republic ......................................... 110 4.1.2.7. Case of the Republic of Chad .............................................................................................. 111 4.1.2.7.1 Forest resources in Chad.............................................................................................................. 111 4.1.2.7.2 Forest value chain in Chad ........................................................................................................... 113 4.1.2.7.3 The players involved in Chad's forest value chain ......................................................................... 113 4.2 WEST AFRICA REGION
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Back Grou Di Formatio O the Co Servatio Status of Bubi Ga Ad We Ge Tree
    BACK GROUD IFORMATIO O THE COSERVATIO STATUS OF BUBIGA AD WEGE TREE SPECIES I AFRICA COUTRIES Report prepared for the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). by Dr Jean Lagarde BETTI, ITTO - CITES Project Africa Regional Coordinator, University of Douala, Cameroon Tel: 00 237 77 30 32 72 [email protected] June 2012 1 TABLE OF COTET TABLE OF CONTENT......................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................... 4 ABREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. 5 ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................... 6 0. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................10 I. MATERIAL AND METHOD...........................................................................................11 1.1. Study area..................................................................................................................11 1.2. Method ......................................................................................................................12 II. BIOLOGICAL DATA .....................................................................................................14 2.1. Distribution of Bubinga and Wengé species in Africa.................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Reforestation: Likely Working on Certification, an Emerg- Nations Secretary-General’S Climate Ing Concept That Sought to Set Third Summit
    18 www.taylorguitars.com [Sustainability] arrived in Washington, D.C. in well over a decade, but in 2014 the 1993 and began my professional concept took a twist when govern- career working in environmental ments, private companies, and civil Ipolitics. Anyone involved with interna- society groups signed the New York tional forest policy in the 1990s was Declaration of Forests at the United Reforestation: likely working on certification, an emerg- Nations Secretary-General’s Climate ing concept that sought to set third Summit. The Declaration is a voluntary, from POLITICS to PLANTING party management standards for active non-legally binding pledge to halve the forestry operations. The idea was (and rate of deforestation by 2020, to end still is) that a consumer would choose a it by 2030, and to restore hundreds With Taylor embarking on reforestation efforts product that had an ecolabel over one of millions of acres of degraded land. that did not, if it assured you that the A year later, in 2015, largely due to in Cameroon and Hawaii, Scott Paul explains the product originated from a well-managed pressure from activist organizations, forest. Think Gifford Pinchot meets the literally hundreds of companies involved politics of forest restoration and why Taylor’s Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval. in the Southeast Asian palm oil trade timing might be ideal. The Forest Stewardship Council was announced some sort of new policy. born at this time, and for a decade Looking back at these two events, it’s certification overshadowed much of the fair to say that while lofty words do not global forest policy dialogue.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Timber Legality Verification to Rescue Indonesia's Forests
    PART II – Chapter 14 Global forest governance to address illegal logging: The rise of timber legality verification to rescue Indonesia’s forests Convening lead author: Erica Pohnan Lead authors: Michael W. Stone and Benjamin Cashore Abstract: The extent of illegal logging in Indonesia is widely acknowledged to be one of the highest in the world, and it remains high despite a multitude of efforts that have been made by the international community to help Indonesia address the problem. However, recent efforts to deal with illegal logging in Indonesia, such as the enactment of a timber legality verification mechanism, have enjoyed widespread support from a variety of stakeholders on a scale previously unseen for efforts to combat global de- forestation. This is because timber legality verification has gained traction in producer countries such as Indonesia by garnering support from a broad coalition of actors motivated by increased access to global timber markets and the promise of achieving environmental goals. We argue that the development of Indonesia’s timber legality assur- ance system (SVLK) and the signing of the EU FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreement hold potential for development of durable and effective institutions for reducing illegal logging in Indonesia. If these developments are managed strategically, they can represent a positive development for improved forest governance in Indonesia. Keywords: Governance, Indonesia, Legality Verification, pathways framework, illegal log- ging 14.1 Introduction environmental, economic, and social impacts of the illegal timber trade are still far-reaching. Illegal ndonesia historically has one of the highest rates logging is widely acknowledged to be one of most Iof illegal logging in the world (Seneca Creek As- damaging and egregious cases of forest degradation sociates 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Can Corporate Power Positively Transform Angola and Equatorial Guinea?
    Can Corporate Power Positively Transform Angola and Equatorial Guinea? Published in Wayne Visser ed. Corporate Citizenship in Africa. Greenleaf Publications, UK, 2006. Authors: Jose A. Puppim de Oliveira Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration – EBAPE Getulio Vargas Foundation – FGV Praia de Botafogo 190, room 507 CEP: 22253-900, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, BRAZIL Phone: (55-21) 2559-5737 Fax: (55-21) 2559-5710 e-mail: [email protected] & Saleem H. Ali Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont 153 S. Prospect St., Burlington VT, 05452, USA Ph: 802-656-0173 Fx: 802-656-8015 Email: [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT While there is considerable literature on the adverse effects of oil development on developing economies through “Dutch Disease” or “Resource Curse” hypotheses, studies have neglected to pose the question in terms of positive causal factors that certain kinds of oil development might produce. We do not dispute the potential for negative effects of certain kinds of oil development but rather propose that some of the negative causality can be managed and transformed to lead to positive outcomes. Using a comparative study of oil company behavior in Angola and Equatorial Guinea, the research detects three main factors that have affected the behavior of oil companies since the Earth Summit in 1992. First, there is a growing movement of corporate social responsibility in businesses due to changes in leadership and corporate culture. Second, the ‘globalization’ of environmental movements has affected the behavior of companies through threats of litigation and stakeholder action. Third, governments in Africa have increasingly become stricter in regulating companies for environmental and social issues due to a transformation of domestic norms and international requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploración Y Colonización En Guinea Ecuatorial
    Exploración y colonización en Guinea Ecuatorial Junio 2014 Francesc Sánchez Lobera Trabajo Final del Master de Estudios Históricos Tutor: Ferran Iniesta Universitat de Barcelona - 1 Índice 1. Introducción...................................................................................................................3 Hipótesis.........................................................................................................................4 Marco teórico y metodológico....................................................................................5 Exploraciones e imperialismo.....................................................................................7 Ideología para la conquista........................................................................................10 Científicos y aventureros...........................................................................................12 2. Imperialismo europeo a finales del XIX..................................................................18 Motivaciones: mercados, competencia y prestigio.................................................18 El reparto de África tras la Conferencia de Berlín.................................................20 3. Explorando Fernando Poo y el Muni......................................................................23 Los viajes de Manuel Iradier.....................................................................................26 Todo aquello que puso hacerse................................................................................31
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 Quantifying Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade
    3 QUANTIFYING ILLEGAL LOGGING AND RELATED TIMBER TRADE 3 QUANTIFYING ILLEGAL LOGGING AND RELATED TIMBER TRADE Chapter 3 Quantifying Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade Lead author: Jianbang Gan Contributing authors: Paolo Omar Cerutti, Mauro Masiero, Davide Pettenella, Nicola Andrighetto and Tim Dawson CONTENTS 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Species, Markets and Trade Patterns of Wood Products 38 3.2.1 Species Rarity, Value and Illegality 38 3.2.2 Domestic, Regional and Global Wood Products Markets and Supply Chains 38 3.2.3 Global Trade Patterns of Wood Products 40 3.2.4 Major Producers and Importers of Tropical Timber 41 3.2.5 Financial Flows Associated with Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 42 3.3 Existing Estimates on Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 43 3.3.1 Estimation Methods 43 3.3.2 Existing Estimates and their Comparisons 43 3.4 Following the Trade Data 46 3.4.1 Recent Trends in International Trade Flows of Illegal Wood Products 46 3.4.2 New Developments in Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 51 3.5 Conclusions 52 References 54 Appendices 56 Appendix 3.1 Methods for Estimating Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 56 Appendix 3.2 Country Codes Used in Figure 3.4 58 37 3 QUANTIFYING ILLEGAL LOGGING AND RELATED TIMBER TRADE 3.1. Introduction This phenomenon coupled with illegal activities can create a vicious cycle among value, rarity (scarcity) and Understanding the magnitude of illegal logging and re- illegality (see Figure 3.1). Many rare and endangered tree lated timber trade as well as illegal trade flows is criti- species have higher economic values than others because cal to addressing the problem.
    [Show full text]
  • REVISION O F the AFRICAN Caeclllan GENUS
    REVISION OFTHE AFRICAN CAEClLlAN GENUS SCHISTOMETOPUM PARKER (AMPH IBIA: CYMNOPHIONA: CAECILI IDAE) BY RONALD A. NU AND MICHAEL E. PFRENDER MISCELLANEC JS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, NO. 18Fb; ' Ann Arbor, September 2 7, 1 998 ISSN 076-8405 MIS(:ELIANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, LJNTVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 187 The publicatioils of the M~~sclunof Zoology, The [Jniversity of Michigan, consist PI-irnarilyof two series-the Occasion:~lPapers allti the Miscellaneous Publicatio~ls.Both series were founded by Dc Bryant Walker, Mr. Rradshaw H. Swales, anti Dr. W.W. Newcornb. Occasionally the Museuni publishes contributiorls outside of these series; begirlnirlg in 1990 these are titled Special Publicatio~lsa~ld arc numbered. All submitted ~n;inl~scriptsreceive external review. The Misccllarieous Publications, which include ~l~ollographicstltdies, papers on field and ~II- seuln techniques, and other contributions 11ot within the scope of the Occasio~lalPapers, are pl~b- lishcd separately. It is not intended that they be grouped into volumes. Each 11r11nberhas a title page and, when necessary, a table of co1itelits. Tllc Occasional Papel-s, publication of which was begun in 1913, servc as a medium Sol- original studies based prirlcipally upon the collections in the Museurn. They are issurtl separately. MThen a sufficient number of pages has hcen printed to niakc a volume, a title pagc, table of contenb, and an index are supplied to libraries and individuals on the mailing list for the series. A cornplete list of publications on Birds, Fishes, Insects, Mammals, Moll~~sks,Rcpdles and Amphib- ians, and other topics is available. Address inquiries to the Directt)r, Muse~unof Zoolohy, The lir~ivcr- sity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigarl 48109-1079.
    [Show full text]
  • Disposal of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Obsolete Pesticides and Strengthening Life-Cycle Management of Pesticides in Benin”
    Project evaluation series Mid-term evaluation of “Disposal of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Obsolete Pesticides and Strengthening Life-cycle Management of Pesticides in Benin” Project evaluation series Mid-term evaluation of “Disposal of persistent organic pollutants and obsolete pesticides and strengthening life-cycle management of pesticides in Benin” GCP/BEN/056/GFF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2019 Required citation: FAO. 2019. Mid-term evaluation of “Disposal of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Obsolete Pesticides and Strengthening Life-cycle Management of Pesticides in Benin”. Rome. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. © FAO, 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Variation in Source Contributions to a Mixed Stock
    Molecular Ecology (2008) 17, 2185–2193 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03752.x AnnualBlackwell Publishing Ltd variation in source contributions to a mixed stock: implications for quantifying connectivity KAREN A. BJORNDAL and ALAN B. BOLTEN Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research and Department of Zoology, University of Florida, PO Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Abstract Connectivity among populations of highly migratory species is an area of active research and is often quantified with genetic markers. We determined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences in 350 green turtles, Chelonia mydas, in 10 annual samples over a 12-year period from an aggregation of immature green turtles in the southern Bahamas. We found significant temporal structuring in haplotype frequencies among years for all turtles and for recruits. These significant differences were reflected in substantial variation in the relative contri- butions from different rookeries among years estimated by a Bayesian hierarchical model. Because this foraging aggregation has been the subject of a demographic study for over 30 years, we were able to determine that, among the three potential causes of temporal structuring—differential recruitment, mortality and emigration—recruitment accounts for most of this variation. We found that estimates of connectivity and genetic diversity in sea turtle populations are affected by the level of temporal variation reported here. More studies on the extent of temporal variation in composition of mixed stocks of other migratory species are needed to determine how this affects measures of connectivity. Keywords: connectivity, marine turtles, migratory species, population structure, recruitment, temporal variation Received 24 November 2007; revision accepted 21 February 2008 larvae to whales—in which different life stages inhabit widely Introduction separated habitats (DiBacco et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification 2- Education
    CURRICULUM VITAE 1- Identification Name (First, Family) : Constant Kodjo, ADJIEN Sex : Male Date and place of birth : April,9th 1962, Lomé (TOGO) Civil status : Married, four children Nationality: : Beninese Permanent address : 08 BP 1045 Tri postal, Cotonou Tél : + 229 95 56 10 76 Email : [email protected] 2- Education ✓ Professor of Neurology of African and Malagasy Universities/Council for Higher Education (CAMES), Bangui, July 2019 ✓ Senior Lecturer in Neurology at CAMES, Yaounde, 2014 ✓ Certification of registration on the Aptitude List for The Functions of Master Assistant Côte A. Ouagadougou, 2010 ✓ Inter-University Diploma (IUD) of Epileptology, Nancy, 2007 ✓ In-depth Specialized Training Certificate in Neurology, Marseille, 2006 ✓ Certificate of Clinical and Epidemiology Research Methodology, Limoges,2001 ✓ University Diploma (UD) of Clinical Neurophysiological Explorations, Paris VI, 2001 ✓ Certificate of Special Studies (CES) in Neurology, Abidjan, 2002 ✓ State PhD in Medicine, Cotonou, 1994 1- Employement record - Since February 2018: Head of Training and Medical Research at the of Medical Affairs Direction (MAD) of CNHU-HKM - Since November 2014: Associate Lecturer at the University Neurology Clinic (CUN) at CNHU-HKM in Cotonou - 2010-2014: Master - Assistant Clinic Manager at the CUN at CNHU- HKM in Cotonou - 2009 2007: Assistant Head of Clinic at the University Clinic of Neurology (CUN) at CNHU-HKM in Cotonou - 2006-2007: Neurologist, Neurophysiologist and Epileptologist at CNHU in Cotonou - 2005-2006: Doing Intern function (FFI) at the Centre Saint Paul- Henri Gastaut Hospital (AFSA internship in Neurology and IUD in Epileptology, 2 semesters, in Marseille, France) - 2002-2005: Neurologist at C.N.H.U in Cotonou, Benin - 2000-2001: Associate In the Neurology Department, CHRU Dupuytren de Limoges (France) 2- Research fields 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Equatorial Guinea Home to the Fourth Highest Species Richness of Primates in Africa Including Many Endemic Subspecies
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Equatorial Guinea Home to the fourth highest species richness of primates in Africa including many endemic subspecies. Unsustainable hunting is the single greatest threat to the majority of wildlife in Equatorial Guinea’s forests. Equatorial Guinea’s national development plan, Horizonte 2020, has led to rapid infrastructure development which also represents a severe threat to the country’s wildlife and their habitat. New road network exacerbate commercial bushmeat hunting and trade by increasing access to forests and urban bushmeat markets. Higher income among the urban elite and a lack of suitable alternative protein options and jobs in rural areas is leading to an increase in bushmeat demand. The lack of wildlife law enforcement exacerbates the bushmeat The frog species Afrixalus paradorsalis sits on a leaf in a forest in Equatorial Guinea. trade. Credit: Matt Muir/USFWS. Marine Turtle Mortality Equatorial Guinea while waters off the coast of the The intentional or incidental capture of (EG), the only mainland are particularly important as marine turtles and the raiding of nests Spanish-speaking feeding sites. The dense forests on for eggs constitute the greatest threats country in Africa, is Equatorial Guinea’s mainland contain to marine turtles in Equatorial Guinea. home to an the endangered forest elephant and Poachers often target nesting females. incredibly diverse central chimpanzee, and the critically In urban areas on Bioko Island and on range of species. In endangered western lowland gorilla. the mainland, turtle meat sells for as addition to a mainland, it stretches much as $10 per kilogram and a live across an archipelago of islands in the Given its small size, Equatorial adult turtle for more than $500.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Production - Argentina 2013 Report Categories: Wood Products Approved By: Melinda Sallyards Prepared By: Mariana Prosperi
    THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 7/2/2013 GAIN Report Number: Argentina Post: Buenos Aires Wood Production - Argentina 2013 Report Categories: Wood Products Approved By: Melinda Sallyards Prepared By: Mariana Prosperi Report Highlights: Forestry development in Argentina is significant, since this country produces 10 million tons of wood every year. Due to lack of infrastructure and lack of investments in the sector, production exceeds the industry capacity. Therefore, much of the wood is finally used as charcoal instead of being modified into value-added products. There are opportunities for U.S. wood products in specific areas, such as construction and furniture. Executive Summary: A vast amount of land, ideal weather, rich soil, and species diversity, make Argentina a very competitive country in the forestry sector. According to information provided by the Forestry Division from the Ministry of Agriculture, Argentina has 1.2 million hectares of cultivated forests, of which 80 percent are located in the Mesopotamia Region, which include Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre Ríos Provinces. The most important species cultivated in the country are pines and eucalyptus. Moreover, 32 million hectares correspond to native forest, with 90 different species. Forestry development is significant, since Argentina produces 10 million tons of wood every year. Due to lack of infrastructure and lack of investments in the sector, production exceeds the industry capacity. Much of the wood is used as charcoal instead of used as value-added products. The Argentine government encourages forestry production with programs, subsidies, and grants, but the absence of national policies and long-term plans has a negative impact on the development of the forestry sector in Argentina.
    [Show full text]