DOCSLIB.ORG

Search and Rescue in the Arctic: Is the U.S. Prepared?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Search and Rescue in the Arctic: Is the U.S. Prepared? Dissertation Search and Rescue in the Arctic Is the U.S. Prepared? Timothy William James Smith This document was submitted as a dissertation in September 2016 in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the doctoral degree in public policy analysis at the Pardee RAND Graduate School. The faculty committee that supervised and approved the dissertation consisted of Abbie Tingstad (Chair), Brien Alkire, and Scott Stephenson. PARDEE RAND GRADUATE SCHOOL For more information on this publication, visit http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD382.html Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Table of Contents Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................... v Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... vii Chapter One: Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 Motivation and Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 Research Questions .................................................................................................................................. 4 Initial Hypotheses ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology............................................................................................................................................. 5 Chapter Two: Foundational Knowledge for Arctic Search and Rescue ......................................... 9 The Search and Rescue Mission Set ......................................................................................................... 9 Search and Rescue Policy ....................................................................................................................... 11 The COSPAS-SARSAT System ............................................................................................................ 15 Unique Challenges of the Arctic ............................................................................................................ 17 SAR in the Arctic ................................................................................................................................... 21 Chapter Three: What is the current demand for Arctic SAR, and what factors affect its future trajectory? ............................................................................................................................... 23 Current Demand from Historical Arctic SAR Cases .............................................................................. 23 Maritime Arctic Activity ........................................................................................................................ 24 Arctic Aeronautical Activity .................................................................................................................. 32 Military Activity and Catastrophic Incident SAR .................................................................................. 34 Longer-Term Arctic Future Uncertain ................................................................................................... 36 Arctic Risk Factors ................................................................................................................................. 38 Role of Technology and Policy in Mitigating Risk ................................................................................ 38 Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 46 Chapter Four: What is the current U.S. capability for supplying SAR in the Arctic, and how is it changing? ................................................................................................................................ 47 Air Force SAR Capabilities .................................................................................................................... 47 USCG SAR Capabilities ......................................................................................................................... 52 Additional Partners for Arctic SAR ........................................................................................................ 59 Role of Satellite Technology in Improving SAR Supply ....................................................................... 67 Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 71 Chapter Five: Arctic SAR Scenario Analysis ............................................................................... 72 Scenario Selection and Development ..................................................................................................... 72 Military SAR Scenario Analysis ............................................................................................................ 74 Aeronautical SAR Scenario Analysis ..................................................................................................... 78 Maritime SAR Scenario Analysis ........................................................................................................... 82 Key Challenges for Arctic SAR ............................................................................................................. 86 Chapter Six: Findings and Recommendations .............................................................................. 90 iii Research Findings .................................................................................................................................. 90 Policy Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 92 Appendix A: Interviews with Subject Matter Experts .................................................................. 96 Appendix B: Arctic SAR Model ................................................................................................... 98 Appendix C: Military SAR Scenario Analysis ........................................................................... 104 Appendix D: Aeronautical SAR Scenario Analysis ................................................................... 112 Appendix E: Maritime SAR Scenario Analysis .......................................................................... 130 Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 142 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 145 iv Acknowledgments Dissertations are hard, but writing a dissertation on Arctic Search and Rescue made a mockery of my own struggles. My research path inevitably led me to stories of Arctic and Antarctic survival that I could hardly believe. Stories like that of Frank Worsley and the ill-fated 1915 Trans-Antarctic Expedition. He was the captain of the ship, the Endurance, when the Antarctic sea ice crushed and swallowed their ship leaving the 28-man crew alone on the ice with dwindling resources. They survived for 500 days until, finally, the churning sea ice spit them out to the open ocean. They launched three lifeboats amidst 30-foot ocean swells and sailed desperately for Elephant Island, an inhospitable and uninhabited fragment of land jutting out of the Antarctic Ocean. They landed ashore, but were still far from safety. The survival of all 28 members of their crew hinged on them reaching a whaling station on South Georgia Island, 800 miles to the north. A select few would have to embark once more in an exposed lifeboat, navigating by the stars, battling the southern ocean, and hoping desperately to hit the island and organizing a rescue party. Six men went, but the responsibility for navigating the lifeboat—and thus withstanding the worst of the punishing ocean—lay squarely on Worsley’s shoulders. For 15 days and nights, he fought the swells, the storms, and the voice inside his head telling him he had nothing left to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ANNUAL REPORT 2015 16 A70 TV Acad Ad.Qxp Layout 1 7/8/16 11:43 AM Page 1
    ANNUAL REPORT 2015 16_A70_TV_Acad_Ad.qxp_Layout 1 7/8/16 11:43 AM Page 1 PROUD MEMBER OF »CBS THE TELEVISION ACADEMY 2 ©2016 CBS Broadcasting Inc. MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AS THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF CONTENT HAVE INCREASED in what is widely regarded as television’s second Golden Age, so have employment opportunities for the talented men and women who create that programming. And as our industry, and the content we produce, have become more relevant, so has the relevance of the Television Academy increased as an essential resource for television professionals. In 2015, this was reflected in the steady rise in our membership — surpassing 20,000 for the first time in our history — as well as the expanding slate of Academy-sponsored activities and the heightened attention paid to such high-profile events as the Television Academy Honors and, of course, the Creative Arts Awards and the Emmy Awards. Navigating an industry in the midst of such profound change is both exciting and, at times, a bit daunting. Reimagined models of production and distribution — along with technological innovations and the emergence of new over-the-top platforms — have led to a seemingly endless surge of creativity, and an array of viewing options. As the leading membership organization for television professionals and home to the industry’s most prestigious award, the Academy is committed to remaining at the vanguard of all aspects of television. Toward that end, we are always evaluating our own practices in order to stay ahead of industry changes, and we are proud to guide the conversation for television’s future generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic 2030: Planning for an Uncertain Future
    Arctic 2030: Planning For an Uncertain Future Katie Burkhart Theodora Skeadas Christopher Wichmann May 2016 M-RCBG Associate Working Paper Series | No. 57 The views expressed in the M-RCBG Associate Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business & Government or of Harvard University. The papers in this series have not undergone formal review and approval; they are presented to elicit feedback and to encourage debate on important public policy challenges. Copyright belongs to the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business & Government Weil Hall | Harvard Kennedy School | www.hks.harvard.edu/mrcbg ARCTIC 2030 PLANNING FOR AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE March 29, 2016 Katie Burkhart, MPP 2016 Theodora Skeadas, MPP 2016 Christopher Wichmann, MPP 2016 Client: Ambassador Schwake, German Foreign Ministry PAE Advisor: Professor Meghan O’Sullivan, PhD Seminar Leader: Dean John Haigh This PAE reflects the views of the authors and should not be viewed as representing the views of the PAE's external client, nor those of Harvard University or any of its faculty. ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT FOR CRISIS PREVENTION, STABILIZATION, AND RESOLUTION, GERMAN FOREIGN MINISTRY In February 2015, the German Foreign Minister, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, unveiled the results of the Review 2014 process in Berlin. The Review 2014 process evaluated steps the German Foreign Ministry would need to undertake to advance German interests in the 21st century. One of the recommendations made was the establishment of a Department for Crisis Prevention, Stabilization, and Resolution (Department S).
    [Show full text]
  • District Court Pleadings Caption
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 BEFORE THE HEARING EXAMINER FOR THE CITY OF SEATTLE 8 In the Matter of the Appeal of: ) Hearing Examiner File No. S-15-001 9 ) (DPD Project No. 3020324) FOSS MARITIME COMPANY ) 10 ) from an Interpretation by the Director, Department ) 11 of Planning and Development. ) ) 12 _________________________________________ ) ) Hearing Examiner File No. S-15-002 13 In the Matter of the Appeal of the: ) (DPD Project No. 3020324) ) 14 PORT OF SEATTLE, ) ) PUGET SOUNDKEEPER’S 15 from Interpretation No. 15-001 of the Director of ) THIRD UPDATED EXHIBIT the Department of Planning and Development. ) LIST AND WITNESS LIST 16 ) ) 17 18 Puget Soundkeeper Alliance, Seattle Audubon Society, Sierra Club, and Washington 19 Environmental Council (collectively “Soundkeeper”) respectfully submit this third updated list 20 of exhibits and witnesses. Soundkeeper will provide two hard copies of the exhibits to the 21 Hearing Examiner for the Examiner and the Witness binders. Soundkeeper is submitting these 22 exhibits to address objections and issues that have been raised in the direct testimony and cross- 23 examination of some of the Port’s witnesses. 24 25 Earthjustice SOUNDKEEPER’S THIRD UPDATED 705 Second Ave., Suite 203 EXHIBIT LIST AND WITNESS LIST - 1 - Seattle, WA 98104-1711 26 (206) 343-7340 27 1 Additionally, Soundkeeper originally submitted excerpts of documents as PSA Exs. 13- 2 15 and 17-18; Foss objected to the excerpted nature of the documents at hearing. Soundkeeper 3 has provided the complete documents to counsel and has asked whether they would be willing to 4 stipulate to submitting only the excerpts since the remainders of each of the documents have no 5 relevance to this proceeding.
    [Show full text]
  • Kulluk Brief
    Kulluk Grounding Captain Paul Mehler III Commander, United States Coast Guard Sector Anchorage “…the inadequate assessment and management of risks by the parties involved was the most significant causal factor of the mishap.” -- Rear Admiral Servideo Assistant Commandant for Prevention Policy United States Coast Guard 21 December 2012 • Aiviq and Kulluk depart Dutch Harbor, Alaska Kulluk Flag: Republic of the Marshall Islands Service: Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU) Official Number: 802785 Year Built: 1979 Builder: Mitsui Gross Tonnage, Inter. Tonnage Certificate: 27, 968 Length (ft): 265.7 Breadth: Vessel is conical in shape Draft: 10.7 meters at time of sailing Propulsion: None Manning Under Tow: 18 Owner: Shell Offshore, Inc. Operator: Noble Drilling (US) LLC. Aiviq Flag: United States Service: Offshore Supply Vessel Official Number: 1237683 Year Built: 2012 Builder: North American Shipbuilding LLC Gross Tonnage ITC: 12,892 Length (ft): 324.5 Breadth (ft): 80 Draft (ft): 28 Propulsion: (4) Caterpillar Diesel Engines (1) 2,800 hp Azimuth Thruster Tunnel thrusters, (2) fore and (2) aft Total Shaft Horsepower: 21,776 Bollard Pull (Tons): 208 Crew: 18 Crew, plus Mooring Crew & Medic Owner: Offshore Service Vessels, Inc. Operator: Galliano Marine Services, LLC. 25 December 2012 • Weather deteriorates. PKZ132-260300- SHUYAK ISLAND TO SITKINAK 400 AM AKST TUE DEC 25 2012 ...GALE WARNING TONIGHT AND WEDNESDAY... .TODAY...W WIND 15 KT BECOMING S IN THE AFTERNOON. SEAS 11 FT. .TONIGHT...SE WIND 20 KT BECOMING E 35 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS 12 FT. RAIN. .WED...SE WIND 40 KT. SEAS 15 FT. RAIN AND SNOW. .WED NIGHT...SE WIND 30 KT.
    [Show full text]
  • General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect
    General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) . AE (NASA-TM-74770) SATELLITES FOR DISTRESS 77-28178 ALERTING AND LOCATING; REPORT BY TNTERAG .ENCY COMMITTEE FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE !^ !I"^ U U AD HOC WORKING GROUP Final Report. ( National. Unclas Aeronautics and Space Administration) 178 p G3 / 15 41346 0" INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE AD HOC WORKING GROUP REPORT ON SATELLITES FOR DISTRESS ALERTING AND LOCATING FINAL REPORT OCTOBER 1976 r^> JUL 1977 RASA STI FACIUIV INPUT 3DNUH ^;w ^^^p^112 ^3 jq7 Lltl1V797, I - , ^1^ , - I t Y I FOREWORD L I^ This report was prepared to document the work initiated by the ad hoc working group on satellites for search and rescue (SAR). The ad hoc L working group on satellites for distress alerting and locating (DAL), formed 1 in November 1975 by agreement of the Interagency Committee on Search and Rescue (ICSAR), consisted of representatives from Maritime Administration, NASA Headquarters, Goddard Space Flight Center, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Force Plans to Replace Aging Personnel Recovery Helicopter Fleet
    United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Committees August 2018 MILITARY READINESS Air Force Plans to Replace Aging Personnel Recovery Helicopter Fleet Accessible Version GAO-18-605 August 2018 MILITARY READINESS Air Force Plans to Replace Aging Personnel Recovery Helicopter Fleet Highlights of GAO-18-605, a report to congressional committees Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found Since the 1980s, the Air Force has The material condition of the Air Forces’ aging HH-60G fleet has declined and used its HH-60G Pave Hawk maintenance challenges have increased, in part due to extensions beyond the helicopters to conduct life-saving designed service life of the helicopters. About 68 percent of the 96-helicopter missions, including for personnel fleet were mission-capable as of fiscal year 2017, below the Air Force desired recovery and medical evacuations. The mission-capable rate of 75 percent. The fleet is experiencing maintenance aging HH-60G inventory has shrunk challenges. For example, the helicopters undergoing depot-level maintenance over the years as a result of mishaps. spent an average of 332 days undergoing such maintenance in fiscal year 2017 As the inventory was declining, the Air compared with 233 days in fiscal year 2007, more than a 40-percent increase. Force began efforts to replace its fleet Air Force officials attribute these challenges to the helicopters exceeding their with the new Combat Rescue Helicopter. initially planned service life. Currently, available helicopters across the fleet average about 7,100 flight hours about 18 percent more than their initial The National Defense Authorization expected service life of 6,000 hours.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic Policy &
    Arctic Policy & Law References to Selected Documents Edited by Wolfgang E. Burhenne Prepared by Jennifer Kelleher and Aaron Laur Published by the International Council of Environmental Law – toward sustainable development – (ICEL) for the Arctic Task Force of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law (IUCN-CEL) Arctic Policy & Law References to Selected Documents Edited by Wolfgang E. Burhenne Prepared by Jennifer Kelleher and Aaron Laur Published by The International Council of Environmental Law – toward sustainable development – (ICEL) for the Arctic Task Force of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ICEL or the Arctic Task Force of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of ICEL or the Arctic Task Force. The preparation of Arctic Policy & Law: References to Selected Documents was a project of ICEL with the support of the Elizabeth Haub Foundations (Germany, USA, Canada). Published by: International Council of Environmental Law (ICEL), Bonn, Germany Copyright: © 2011 International Council of Environmental Law (ICEL) Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non- commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: International Council of Environmental Law (ICEL) (2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Ice Management Operations and Protocol
    SHELL OFFSHORE INC. 3601 C Street, Suite 1000 Anchorage, AK 99503 DRILLING ICE MANAGEMENT PLAN Chukchi Sea, Alaska Submitted to: U. S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region Submitted by: Shell Gulf of Mexico Inc. Drilling Ice Management Plan Chukchi Sea, Alaska DRILLING ICE MANAGEMENT PLAN . e s Approval: u Approved for the Alaska Asset r e t Shell Exploration & Production Company Approved Date f a ) VP Wells Arctic & Industry Regulatory Affairs Signature on file 7/9/2014 E CYCL Effective This document is effective per the latest approval date above. E R ( y o Expires In force until revised and/or superseded. r t s e D Custodian Alaska Marine Manager . D E LL Author Ice Management Lead (July, 2014 Revision) O R ONT Reviewers Principal Arctic Marine Facilities Advisor C UN VP Alaska BOM VP Arctic HSSE e r a VP Alaska Operations t Alaska Maritime Assurance Manager n Alaska Wells Operations Manager e m Arctic Execution Manager u Offshore Regulatory Team Lead c do s i h t f o s e i cop d e t n i r P Shell Gulf of Mexico Inc. 2 July, 2014 Drilling Ice Management Plan Chukchi Sea, Alaska Topic Define the method and system to ensure the safe departure of the drilling unit from the well site due to incursion of hazardous sea ice. Purpose/Scope The purpose of this Drilling Ice Management Plan is to provide a consistent, safe method for full compliance with the Alaska Venture . e operating / permitting requirements with regard to the Critical Operation s u Curtailment Plan which encompasses the Drilling Ice Management Plan.
    [Show full text]
  • England's Search for the Northern Passages in the Sixteenth And
    - ARCTIC VOL. 37, NO. 4 (DECEMBER 1984) P. 453472 England’s Search for the Northern Passages in the Sixteenth and. Early Seventeenth Centuries HELEN WALLIS* For persistence of effort in the. face of adversity no enterprise this waie .is of so grete.avantage over the other navigations in in thehistory of exploration wasmore remarkable than shorting of half the waie, for the other must.saileby grete cir- England’s search for the northern passages to the Far East. .cuites and compasses and .thes shal saile by streit wais and The inspiration for the search was the hope of sharing in the lines” (Taylor, 1932:182). The dangerous part of the.naviga- riches of oriental commerce. In the tropical.regions of the Far tion was reckoned.to .be the last 300 leagues .before reaching East were situated, Roger Barlow wrote in 1541, “the most the Pole and 300 leagues beyond it (Taylor, 1932:181). Once richest londes and ilondes in the the worlde, for all the golde, over the Polethe expedition would choose whetherto sail east- spices, aromatikes and pretiose stones” (Barlow, 1541: ward to the Orient by way of Tartary or westward “on the f”107-8; Taylor, 1932:182). England’s choice of route was backside ofall the new faund land” [NorthAmerica]. limited, however, by the prior discoveries of .Spain and Por- Thorne’s confident .opinion that“there is no lande inhabitable tugal, who by the Treatyof Tordesillas in 1494 had divided the [i.e. uninhabitable€, nor Sea innavigable” (in Hakluyt, 1582: world between them. With the “waie ofthe orient” and ‘The sig.DP) was a maxim (as Professor.Walter Raleigh (19O5:22) waie of the occydent” barred, it seemed that Providence had commented) “fit to be inscribed as a head-line on the charter especially reserved for England.
    [Show full text]
  • Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Quantitative Study on Enterochromaffin Cells In
    Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2013 Sep-Oct;141(9-10):602-607 DOI: 10.2298/SARH1310602K 602 ОРИГИНАЛНИ РАД / ORIGINAL ARTICLE UDC: 616.34-006.5:575.2 ; 536.5 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Quantitative Study on Enterochromaffin Cells in Hamartomatous Intestine Polyps Miljan Krstić1, Vuka Katić1, Slavica Stojnev1, Dragan Mihailović , Marijola Mojsilović2, Zoran Radovanović3, Vladimir Živković4 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia; 2Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia; 3Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia; 4Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia SUMMARY Introduction Peutz-Jeghers (PJ) syndrome is a rare familial disorder with the autosomal transmission characterized by multiple intestinal polyps, mucocutaneous pigmentation and increased incidence of various malignancies. Some clinical manifestations of PJ syndrome may be associated with the serotonin secretion from the enterochromaffin cells (EC). Objective Since no data have been reported so far regarding EC cells in PJ polyps, the aim of our study was to quantitatively investigate EC population in hamartomatous intestinal polyps in patients with the PJ syndrome. Methods The samples of surgically removed PJ polyps from family members with the PJ syndrome were collected during 34-year follow-up period. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of twenty-one PJ polyps were stained with HE, AB-PAS, Van Gieson, Fontana-Masson, FIF and Grimelius. For immuno- histochemical analysis, the following antibodies were used: chromogranin A, serotonin, Ki-67, desmin, vimentin and cytokeratin in order to eliminate differential diagnostic possibilities and to confirm diag- nosis of PJ polyps.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Arctic Ambitions and What They Mean for Canada
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2018-01 China's Arctic Ambitions and What They Mean for Canada Lackenbauer, P. Whitney; Lajeunesse, Adam; Manicom, James; Lasserre, Frédéric University of Calgary Press http://hdl.handle.net/1880/106384 book https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca CHINA’S ARCTIC AMBITIONS AND WHAT THEY MEAN FOR CANADA by P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Adam Lajeunesse, James Manicom, and Frédéric Lasserre ISBN 978-1-55238-902-7 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. COPYRIGHT NOTICE: This open-access work is published under a Creative Commons licence.
    [Show full text]
  • 2009-03-06.Pdf2013-02-12 15:477.9 MB
    ISIE: E AK AAIC z ISIGS l lvr fr IAY, MAC 6, 200 rntd I Et Kntn tEWS Exeter I Grnlnd I ptn I ptn h I ptn ll l. . 08 I 6 Knntn I fld I rth ptn I I h I Sbr I Sth ptn I Strth Coey Commuicaios C 4 www.Aaicews.com I 0 Em See, Saisuy, MA 02 I (60 26 I FREE • TAKE ONE _ . Clnr,t rnh btr n nd r td fnd t C h r CES MAGIIQUE — A tdnt t Chz hr. rnh Cn Shl r ptn dpl ltn f ptr rtd n th flt xpnv n thn. d r bt t n th n "t l z" tn, bnnn n n th f th Atlnt . — Atlnt ht Pubs, pages and the paranormal Y MAK (AG I. ow x r, rnn dntn rtth nd 'Little did I AAIC EWS SA WIE fr hr tntlzn tl f h rn nd bl n n know how far xt t r tr ntrtnd th th pr tn. tppn n t th nrl. Cpln n rtnt the ghost stories N ll tvrn, tt t t n t fr th prn f hntd trn hl n would take me.' th hnrd dd — th trt f hr pplr ht tr ll x Enlnd tt, b thr t hr . bt tn th rl f hr "ntd b" x Roxie Zwicker b rln h tn n thrd b, "ntd b f dl ntn f h Author hl n nn th th Enlnd," vlbl t tr th frthnd nt rnt rl f llth Mnl phr n f prnt d lv lldn 'Haunted Pubs' AAOMA Cnt.
    [Show full text]