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FINAL REPORT Determination of river otter (Lontra canadensis) distribution and evaluation of potential sites for population expansion in South Dakota 1 October 2011 - 30 January 2015 Prepared for: Wildlife Diversity Program South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks Submitted by Wayne E. Melquist, Ph.D. CREX Consulting [email protected] May 2015 Grant Number T-55-R-1, Study No. 2465 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Completion of this project would have been immensely more challenging were it not for the support, cooperation, and encouragement of numerous South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks (SDGFP) personnel. Silka Kempema, biologist with the Wildlife Diversity Program, was my primary contact in administering this contract, including multiple amendments. She never hesitated to assist in any way possible and enthusiastically joined me on floats down the Belle Fourche and Cheyenne Rivers. Silka has been a good companion and friend. Behind the scene, Eileen Dowd Stukel, head of the Wildlife Diversity Program, facilitated many aspects of the project and provided valuable input and review of the final report. Heather Berg, GIS Analyst, exhibited great patience with me during production of the maps found in the report, even when we went through multiple iterations before arriving at a final product. And Chelsea West, Heather’s supervisor, has provided me with graphic assistance for a decade of South Dakota projects. Jacquie Ermer, Regional Wildlife Manager, Watertown, conducted some of the early assessments of otters in South Dakota, and was a kindred spirit when it came to furbearers. The door was always open at the “Ermer Hotel” whenever I was in the Webster area, and I enjoyed sharing time with her family. Similarly, Jeff Nodsle, Park Manager at Hartford Beach State Park, never hesitated when I needed a place to park my camper while searching for otters in northeast South Dakota. Julie DeJong, Regional Wildlife Manager, Sioux Falls, was like a fretting mother when transmitters were implanted in the otters, and her enthusiasm for the project was much appreciated. Scott Stolz, Resource Biologist, took the time to search for the male otter while conducting his own aerial search for instrumented deer. Pilot Doug Jones was a pleasure to fly with while conducting stream surveys and searching for the male otter. Nathan Baker, Regional Wildlife Manager, Fort Pierre, didn’t hesitate to accommodate me during the week I spent at the regional office cooking and cleaning otter skulls. Jacquie Ermer and Travis Runia, Senior Upland Game Biologist, graciously loaned me the initial telemetry equipment to track the instrumented otters. Tom Beck, Conservation Officer, Martin, assisted in tracking the otters during times when I was absent, and because of his long history in the area, was critical in obtaining trespass authorization from area landowners. Dan Turgeon, Wildlife Damage Specialist, Region 1, provided shuttle service during two float surveys on the Cheyenne River, allowed me to store equipment at his home in Wasta, and along with his wife Diane, became good friends. To all these “fish and gamers” and those I failed to mention, thank you very much. The telemetry component of the project would have been logistically much more challenging if it were not for Brian DeVries, Refuge Manager, Lacreek National Wildlife Refuge, and his staff. For more than a year while monitoring the released otters, Brian allowed me to park my camper trailer and hook up to power at the refuge headquarters. Without electricity, spending 2 winter in the camper would have been prohibitive. I thoroughly enjoyed getting to know Brian and his staff, including Todd Schmidt, Shilo Comeau, Ann Harris, and Mark Krolikowski. They were always interested in how the otters were doing and Shilo also willingly searched for and monitored the otters during my absence. They became a family away from home and I will forever be grateful for their professionalism, assistance, and friendship. Landowners in the Martin area and along the Little White River were friendly and allowed me access to their land during my quest to keep track of the otters. I appreciate their kindness and understanding about what seemed to most of them as a rather peculiar, but interesting project. My apologies to those I inadvertently failed to mention, but assisted in some way. Please know that your contribution to the project, however small, was appreciated. This project was funded by South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks and by federal funding through State Wildlife Grant T-55-R-1, Study #2465, administered through the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7 LIST OF FIGURES ..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 LIST OF APPENDICES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9 Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..10 METHODS ....................................................................................................................................12 Stream Surveys for Occupancy ……………………………………………………………………………………………12 Evaluation of Sites for Reintroduction …………………………………………………………………………………13 Radio Telemetry ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………......14 Evaluation of the Need to Reintroduce Otters ........................................................................15 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................16 Ground Surveys .......................................................................................................................16 Aerial Surveys ..........................................................................................................................16 Assessment of Individual Streams ...........................................................................................18 Bad River ............................................................................................................................19 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................19 Big Sioux River ....................................................................................................................20 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................21 Missouri River .....................................................................................................................21 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................23 James River .........................................................................................................................23 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................24 North Fork Whetstone River ...............................................................................................25 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................25 Little White River ................................................................................................................25 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................27 Vermillion River ..................................................................................................................28 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................29 Cheyenne River ...................................................................................................................29 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................31 Jorgenson River ...................................................................................................................31 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................32 4 Belle Fourche River .............................................................................................................32 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................33 Moreau River ......................................................................................................................34 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................35 Grand River .........................................................................................................................35 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................36 Medicine Creek ...................................................................................................................37 Suitability for otters: ...........................................................................................................38 Virgin Creek .........................................................................................................................38
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