TERRORISM Undergraduate Fellows

LETTERS

Editor: John S. Rosenberg Executive Editor: Christopher Reed Senior Editor: Jean Martin Managing Editor: Jonathan S. Shaw Deputy Editor: Craig Lambert Cambridge 02138 Production and New Media Manager: Mark Felton Piquancy, salaries great and small, hockey, grade inﬂation Assistant Editor: Nell Porter Brown

Art Director: 1 Jennifer Carling -JF-nobox 12/3/01 1:12 PM Page COV Schools • Inner-City Perfect Season Latin America • Berta Greenwald Ledecky TERRORISM Undergraduate Fellows

UARY 2002 • $4.95 An acquaintance’s discovery of a JANUARY-FEBR Arianne R. Cohen, Eugenia V. Levenson Editorial Interns: child’s crisply done arm on his roof near Ground Zero just after September 11, and Terry Baynes, Harriett Green

2002 your fanciful discussion (“Understanding Contributing Editors

TERR

Terrorism,” January-February, page 36) ORISM John T. Bethell, John de Cuevas, Adam

• prompt me to write. Your discussants U .S.-L Goodheart, Max Hall, Jim Harrison,

wa±ed on the salient points of the war A Harbour Fraser Hodder, Christopher S.

MERICAN on terrorism. They are: protection of citi- Johnson, Deborah Schneider,

REL

T zens remains a ﬁrst principle of sover- IONS Deborah Smullyan, Mark Steele,

• eignty; all terrorism is ultimately state ANIMALS Janet Tassel, Edward Tenner

terrorism; if you exist we can ﬁnd you M O Terrorism TION CONSEQUENCES Editorial and Business O≠ice CAUSES and

•

and kill you; if you commit atrocities INNER 7 Ware Street,

C against America and/or its citizens (see IT

SCHOOLS Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037 above) we will find you; governments and Tel. 617-495-5746; fax: 617-495-0324 other entities that gestate terrorism or Website: www.harvard-magazine.com shelter its perpetrators will be handled Reader services: similarly; the war on terrorism is novel shunned for perverting it to their conve- 617-495-5746 or 800-648-4499 and only we have mastered its endgame nience. They are led by intelligent, —no one else is close. wealthy, and charismatic fanatics using HARVARD MAGAZINE INC. Why does terrorism exist? Because of modern technology to run circles around President: Daniel Steiner ’54, LL.B. ’58 Directors: evil that is not banal but flourishes be- our CIA. Je≠rey S. Behrens ’89, Peter yond the mind of man. A possible remedy: As for motivation, they are addicted K. Bol, James O. Freedman ’57, L ’60, Philip C. Haughey ’57, Elizabeth C. Let governments, especially the 40 or so only to their cabalistic secrecy, to sur- Huidekoper, Anthony Lewis ’48, Nf ’57, Muslim nations that lack them, install prise, and to demoralizing the “enemy” Lisa L. Martin, Ph.D. ’90, John P. just economic and political institutions with mere threats. They are mindless of Reardon Jr. ’60 that give their citizens a chance at safety, the ultimate consequence of “victory,” health, and prosperity. For many states which would be chaos. As an evil force Harvard Magazine (ISSN 0095-2427) is published bi- monthly by Harvard Magazine Inc., a nonprofit corpora- that is a dose of castor oil—fewer Swiss they would destroy every sense of the tion, 7 Ware Street, Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037, phone bank accounts for tyrants—but it will American Constitution, the Bill of Rights, 617-495-5746; fax 617-495-0324. The magazine is supported by reader contributions and subscriptions, adver- save American lives and many of theirs. and the rule of civilized law. To me there tising revenue, and a subvention from Harvard University. David Kenney ’55, M.B.A. ’61 Its editorial content is the responsibility of the editors. is no hope of breaking this up except in Periodicals postage paid at Boston, Mass., and additional Upperside, Va. the way we have responded. mailing o≠ices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Har- Thomas H. Coleman ’44, M.D. vard Magazine, 7 Ware Street, Cambridge, Mass. 02138- 4037. Subscription rate $30 a year in U.S. and possessions, I don’t think we should be puzzled, Denver $55 Canada and Mexico, $75 other foreign. (Allow up to 10 weeks for first delivery.) Subscription orders and cus- nor feel any responsibility about, the hate tomer service inquiries should be sent to the Circulation The panel Department, Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware Street, Cambridge, and violence that erupted against us last could find no consensus re- Mass. 02138-4037, or call 617-495-5746 or 800- 648-4499, or September, because the fact is these peo- garding the definition of terrorism—it’s e-mail [email protected]. Single copies $4.95, plus $2.50 for postage and handling. Manuscript submis- ple are psychopathic: they don’t have the means that defines terrorism; no, it’s sions are welcome, but we cannot assume responsibility for safekeeping. Include stamped, self-addressed envelope human feelings for other people and are the motive; no, it’s only when perpetrated for manuscript return. Persons wishing to reprint any sure they are immediately threatened by against a democratic state; it’s not when portion of Harvard Magazine’s contents are required to write in advance for permission. Address inquiries to an enemy that they must destroy. They the motive is just. Only when the discus- Catherine A. Chute, publisher, at the address given are convinced their mission is justified by sion ground to a close was David Little above. Copyright © 2002, Harvard Magazine Inc. their religion, even though they are able to point out that it is of vital impor-

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Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For copyright and reprint information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at www.harvardmagazine.com tance that a clear understanding of ter- high regard between universities and the rorism must be attained and utilized both armed forces of the United States…will be to guide and to confine our policies re- something good that has come out of the garding terrorism. challenges we face.” Neither unfettered The threat that security-based legisla- nationalism nor an abject capitulation to Publisher: Catherine A. Chute tion might infringe upon American civil the military seems quite Harvardian, but Financial Manager rights was belittled by Philip Heymann, after all, Summers hasn’t been around Melissa Robinson-Healey without explanation, and a timid chal- here very long. Director of Circulation: lenge was essentially ignored. One might Robert E. Edmunds ’53, M.D. Felecia Carter reasonably conclude, therefore, that the Indianapolis Director of Marketing nation’s security—if left in the hands of Eriko D. Ogawa Harvard’s academics—is not likely to be Terrorism, warfare waged against civil- Director of Advertising endangered by unrestrained civil rights. ians for political objectives, is a tactic as Edward S. Antos The panel was clearly disadvantaged old as war itself. Waging war against ter- Advertising Account Manager when it came to a discussion of condi- rorism makes about as much sense as Robert D. Fitta tions in Islamic states that favor terror- waging war against, say, artillery prepara- Classified Advertising Manager ism. Only Eva Bellin appeared well versed tion or amphibious landings. Besides, if Marron M. Hahn in the practical aspects of Islamic culture. one is really fighting terrorism, one Circulation Assistant: Lucia Santos Her colleagues, unintimidated by their should be landing Marines at Haifa and Assistant to the Publisher / lack of cultural credentials, often spoke carpet bombing Moscow. Both Israel and O∞ce Manager: Sara Stillman with condescension, if not disdain, with Russia currently, and deliberately, make Business Interns: Megan Ga≠ney, reference to Islamic leaders. Many of the tactical use of terrorism. Anna Joo, Vera Leung panelists seem to share a view that Is- Muslim terrorists are not angry adoles- IVY LEAGUE MAGAZINE NETWORK lamic distrust and hatred of America can cents acting out their rage. They are sol- Director of Advertising be abolished if we simply make it clear to diers in a serious war they mean to win. Edward S. Antos, Tel. 617-496-7207 the Muslim world that America is, after The contrary view (apparently the con- Director of Sales Development all, quintessentially good and that al sensus of your panel) represents danger- Lawrence J. Brittan, Tel. 631-754-4264 Qaeda is, clearly, evil. ously delusional arrogance. One is put in New York Advertising Sales More than a few of your panelists are mind of “the best and the brightest” and repelled by President Bush’s rhetoric and their fateful hubris toward the Viet Cong Jack Higgons, Tel. 212-852-5630 Tom Schreckinger, Tel. 212-852-5625 have apprehensions regarding what his and the North Vietnamese Army. Travel Advertising Sales aggressive attitude may portend for the Your panel seemed to accept uncriti- Fieldstone Associates, Tel. 914-686-0442 continuing Enduring Freedom crusade. cally the o∞cial rationale for the war in Detroit Advertising Sales Their common concerns relate to Bush’s Afghanistan: a fight against terrorism and simplistic “Manichaean” posture, framing its sponsors. In fact, this was a war for oil Wynkoop Associates, Tel. 248-373-1026 Chicago Advertising Sales the conflict in diametrically opposed and and gas pipelines. September 11 gave Wash- mutually exclusive forces of good (read: ington the pretext it needed to try to Robert Purdy, Tel. 312-726-7800 U.S.A.) and evil (read: al Qaeda), and thus achieve by armed force what it hadn’t West Coast Advertising Sales generating the contentious challenge been able to achieve any other way: politi- Brad Jones Media Sales, Inc. “You’re either with us or against us.” Lit- cal and security conditions favorable to Tel. 707-935-9296 tle concludes that “the strident unilater- the Unocal pipeline from the Central Board of Incorporators alism of Bush is deeply misguided and in Asian oil fields through Afghanistan to This magazine, at first called the Harvard Bulletin, was founded in 1898. Its Board of Incorporators was need of reform.” Yet there are those Turkey, trumping the competing versions chartered in 1924 and remains active in the maga- among the faculty who appear enamored bypassing Afghanistan and terminating zine’s governance. The membership is as follows: of the president’s categorical distinction either in Iran or Ukraine’s Black Sea ports. Daniel Steiner ’54, LL.B. ’58, president; Stephen J. Bai- ley, AMP ’94; William I. Bennett ’62, M.D. ’69; John between the good and the bad, particu- To achieve its objective—the defeat or T. Bethell ’54; Fox Butterfield ’61, A.M. ’64; Charles larly in light of the duplicity of Islamic destruction of the target government— C. Cabot ’52, LL.B. ’57; Jonathan S. Cohn ’91; Philip leaders. Such a two-faced posture, to anti-state terrorism must be applied con- M. Cronin ’53, J.D. ’56; John de Cuevas ’52; Casimir de Rham ’46, J.D. ’49; James F. Dwinell III ’62; Anne their mind, justifies Bush’s proposed ag- tinuously and with progressively increas- Fadiman ’74; James O. Freedman ’57, L ’60; Benjamin gressive, coercive diplomacy. ing severity, requirements di∞cult to im- M. Friedman ’66, Ph.D. ’71; Robert H. Giles, Nf ’66; To be noted also is that Harvard’s re- possible for nongovernment terrorist Owen Gingerich, Ph.D. ’62; James Glassman ’69; cently appointed president, Lawrence entities to meet. Thus, while the 9/11 at- Adam K. Goodheart ’92; Max Hall, Nf ’50; Brian R. Hecht ’92; Sarah Bla≠er Hrdy ’68, Ph.D. ’75; Ellen Summers, may embrace a similar view. tack has exacerbated domestic economic Hume ’68; David O. Ives ’41, M.B.A. ’43; Bill Kovach, Concluding the November forum on “A distress, government at every level in the Nf ’89; Florence Ladd, BI ’72; Anthony Lewis ’48, Nf World in Conflict” that you report on in a U.S. has been able to increase its power vis- ’57; Henry Lyman ’37; Scott Malkin ’80, J.D./M.B.A. ’83; David McClintick ’62; Harriet Ritvo ’68, Ph.D. sidebar, Summers remarked that “when à-vis the civilian population with little or ’75; Nora Sayre ’54; Robert N. Shapiro ’72, J.D. ’78; we are as close to having a conflict…be- no opposition. The attacks of 9/11, at least Theda Skocpol, Ph.D. ’75; Peter A. Spiers ’76; William tween wrong and right…a greater com- in the short run, strengthened rather than O. Taylor ’54; Sherry Turkle ’69, Ph.D. ’76; Robert H. Weiss ’54; Elizabeth Winship ’43; Jan Ziolkowski. mitment to patriotism…[and a] mutual weakened the target government. This

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Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For copyright and reprint information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at www.harvardmagazine.com may be good news for your panelists as they contemplate future consulting gigs Extended-Stay Apartments So Plush, or assistant secretaryships in Washing- You’ll Want To Extend Your Stay. ton. But for the rest of us…? Rolf P. Colt, L ’61, G ’61 El Cajon, Calif.

There was a great deal of wisdom in the discussion, but something was missing. It seemed as though the only actors in the terrorism drama are individuals and governments. Economic issues were mentioned only in passing (cutting the ﬂow of funds to terrorist organizations). Multi- national enterprises, whether corporations or NGOs, were missing altogether. Extended-Stay Apartments. Make yourself at home. Yet these organizational actors are pivotal in many ways. Plush personal space and ideal workspace comfortably co-exist. The discussion often referred to Ameri- One to four-bedroom apartments. In-room DVD. can interests and images. Neither can be Fully equipped kitchen. Fax. Direct dual-line phones. Signing privileges at The Ritz-Carlton, Boston Common restaurant and bar. understood without reference to corpora- And preferential membership at The Sports Club/LA, Boston. tions. Businesses shape daily images of America abroad; Coca-Cola and Disney diplomacy reach more people than do American foreign policy pronounce- ments. Businesses push hard to deﬁne na- For extended stays of 15 days or more. tional interests; in recent years, foreign Three Avery Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 N TEL 617 423-8500 N FAX 617 423-8550 www.millenniumptrs.com relations were dominated by the free- The Residential Suites at The Ritz-Carlton Towers are not owned, developed or sold by The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C. trade agenda, as federal and even state Millennium Partners-Boston Development uses The Ritz-Carlton mark under license from The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C. governments pushed for trade agree- ments. Industry economics a≠ect airport security—or its absence, as manifested in airline resistance to checked baggage screening or more careful security checks. The “globalization concerns” to which one participant referred are concerns about the impact of the spread of Ameri- can products, media, and manufacturing in other countries—i.e., the consequences of business decisions. It’s been argued that al Qaeda functioned like a multinational corporation, taking advantage of institutions established for other purposes —the Internet, electronic fund transfers, global charities, and more—but that’s precisely why it’s important to under- stand organizations and their behavior. Similarly, actors other than governments play a role in solutions to the terrorism crisis, especially those solutions involving humanitarian aid and institution building. NGOs are important inter- mediaries in the distribution of foreign aid and key factors in educational and social development, and they often rely on their corporate partners for funding and expertise. Public-private partnerships can extend the capabilities of weak governments and create coalitions support-

Harvard Magazine 5

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For copyright and reprint information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at www.harvardmagazine.com ing reform. Democracy itself—whether for growing income inequalities, or they terrorist breeding grounds can move be- may be hailed by others as job and wealth “I want to yond despotic regimes—might depend on creators that raise standards and create economic opportunity. It has been said opportunity. Either way they cannot be control my that people in poor countries would rather ignored. be entrepreneurs than revolutionaries— Rosabeth Moss Kanter, L ’78 but first they need the resources and Arbuckle professor of business administration own legacy.” skills. Multinational corporations can Boston help create an enterprise culture that lifts people out of poverty, e.g., through micro- As an alumnus who works daily to To ensure that you manage your lending programs or job-skills training combat terrorism involving weapons of own legacy, make thoughtful estate for information age industries. (Cisco mass destruction, I turned to the text planning a high priority. Putting Systems operates Networking Academies hoping to find a perspective that would yourself in control of what you’ll be leaving to your loved ones and the in partnership with public-school sys- allow me to perform my own job better. I causes you care about is a lifelong tems in 133 countries, including Pakistan, was only partially satisfied. learning process. With that in mind, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.) The pri- Perhaps I should not have been sur- Harvard offers seminars to help you vate sector should be enlisted in the cam- prised by the amount of time the pan- learn how to shape your legacy in paign to eradicate not only terrorism, but elists spent discussing what terrorism is, a way that reflects your unique also poverty and ignorance. but this discussion did have a ring, to me, interests and concerns. Surely, then, it is important to consider of angels dancing on the heads of rather These sessions are led by the role of multinational corporations and small pins. Someone should have given Thomas C. Rogerson, a principal social enterprises in terrorism’s causes the panel for discussion the FBI’s current and director of wealth preservation and cures. Multinationals may be vilified working definition, since that is the one services at State Street Global by some as greedy capitalists responsible that most of us in the government use Advisors. A nationally known speaker, Mr. Rogerson provides participants with an overview of the gift and estate tax structure, strate- ADDING PIQUANCY TO THE EXPERIENCE gies for transferring wealth to family The two faculty members working at the Forsyth Institute in Boston cited in members, property ownership “Vaccine for Tooth Decay” (January-February, page 11), Martin Taubman and Daniel issues, the use of charitable and non- Smith, hold academic appointments in the School of Dental Medicine of the Faculty charitable trusts, and more. This is a seminar you won’t want to miss. of Medicine, not in the Medical School as reported. John F. McCarthy ’51, of Wellfleet, Massachusetts, points out that the obituary for Charles C. Murrah, Ph.D. ’55, who died last May at the age of 79 (January-February, Harvard University’s Financial page 88x), asserts that he is survived by his parents. Not so. He survived both of his and Estate Planning Seminars parents by more than 45 years. McCarthy also notes that the notice of the award to Professor Stephen J. Greenblatt (“Brevia,” January-February, page 69) describes him Boston, November 3, 2001 as “a leading practitioner of the ‘new criticism.’” In fact, “he is associated with the Los Angeles, March 9, 2002 New Historicism, the absolute antithesis of the New Criticism,” writes McCarthy, who is kind enough to add, “I thoroughly enjoy reading Harvard Magazine; these little San Francisco, April 20, 2002 surprises only add piquancy to the experience.” The review of Patricia Thomas’s Big Shot: Passion, Politics, and the Struggle for an AIDS For more information or to register Vaccine (“The Browser,” January-February, page 16) mentioned a review of the book for a seminar, please contact: in the Washington Post in a way that could be construed to mean that the Post reviewer Barbara G. S. Kroft considered her explanations of vaccine science to be “mind numbing.” The opposite University Planned Giving is true. Big Shot appeared on the Post’s nonfiction “Book World Raves” list for 2001, Harvard University one of only five health and medicine books so honored. 124 Mount Auburn Street “Buttonhook and Aloha” (September-October 2001, page 77) described Harvard Cambridge, MA 02138-5795 quarterback Neil Rose ’02 as “Hawaiian.” In a letter to the editor (January-February, page 8), Michael A. Maciszewski ’96 wrote, “your use of the term ‘Hawaiian’ is incor- PHONE rect….The term is reserved for those who are of native Hawaiian descent.” “Not ac- (800) 446-1277 cording to our dictionary,” an editor’s note declared. Two readers wrote to tell us (617) 495-4647 Maciszewski was right and we were glib, dismissive, snotty, and smug. Thomas Far- FAX ber ’65, of Berkeley, California, was gentler: “Dictionaries are of course written by hu- (617) 495-8130 mans, have their own politics, and also often lag behind changes in usage. For many EMAIL people who live in the Hawaiian Islands, the term ‘Hawaiian’ now means ‘Native [email protected] Hawaiian,’ that is, the indigenous people, pre-contact, and their descendents. ‘From Hawai’i’—you could throw in the glottal stop as well—might be the best way these days to speak of the quarterbacks in your article.”

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Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For copyright and reprint information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at www.harvardmagazine.com Letters.final 2 2/4/02 12:40 PM Page 7

daily. The FBI defines terrorism as “the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or co- erce government, the civilian population, When you give Save taxes or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.” cash, stock, or other One crucial issue the panelists com- Support Harvard pletely fail to discuss is the audience for property to a Harvard terrorism. At one time, it was felt by many that weapons-of-mass-destruction ter- life income plan, you: Receive an income for life rorism was unlikely in a society like the United States because the true audience for any such act would be public opinion, and such indiscriminate killing—to be contrasted, for example, with a focused political assassination—would alienate “ public opinion. The FBI and others have arvard gave me identified apocalyptic thinking as the H newer threat, which eliminates this ob- jection. They define apocalyptic thinking as underlying actions taken with the ac- more than I tual audience being not public opinion but God, however she is conceived. To many people, Aum Shinrikyo and Osama bin Laden among them, she seems to bargained crave big body counts. This point is central to the discussion about the true moti- vations of al Qaeda and similar groups. A few errors of fact mar the discussion. For further information, Heymann’s statement that no real e≠ort for!” please contact: to use biological weapons has occurred prior to Aum Shinrikyo in Tokyo errs on Anne D. McClintock two counts. He does not distinguish be- Amy Goldman tween chemical and biological agents, Greta M. Morgan Planned Giving which are enormously di≠erent in their Jonathan P. Chines at Harvard clinical and societal e≠ects. Defending against each requires radically di≠erent University Planned Giving measures. Yes, Aum Shinrikyo was very Harvard University interested in biological agents. Aum had high-quality anthrax cultures and good 124 Mount Auburn Street microbiology talent invested in its biolog- Cambridge, MA ical-weapons program, but made many 02138-5795 Graduate School of Arts & Sciences • crucial errors in its attempts to dissemi- nate anthrax in metropolitan Tokyo. PHONE Business School • Harvard College • Aum finally chose the chemical option (800) 446-1277 School of Dental Medicine • Graduate and carried out two terrorist attacks (617) 495-4647 using a 30-percent solution of the nerve School of Design • Divinity School • agent sarin. Aum’s biological-weapons FAX Graduate School of Education • Extension program produced no casualties. (617) 495-8130 School • Kennedy School of Government • More crucially, Heymann omits men- EMAIL • • tion of the first major bioterrorist attack [email protected] Law School Medical School School of in the United States, the poisoning of at Public Health • Radcliffe Institute for least 751 Oregonians with salmonella WEBSITE spread on salad bars in 1984 by followers www.haa.harvard.edu/pgo Advanced Study • Arnold Arboretum • of the Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. No one Art Museums • The Memorial Church died, it is true, and what is perhaps more revealing, law enforcement did not even suspect that this had indeed been a case of bioterrorism until a suspect confessed

Harvard Magazine 7

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For copyright and reprint information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at www.harvardmagazine.com to the FBI two years later. I would point out, however, that the number of people a≠ected greatly dwarfs the number actu- ally sickened by the recent anthrax attack via the U.S. mail. No part of this letter may be printed without the following disclaimer. The opinions herein expressed are those solely of the author and do not necessarily rep- resent those of the Department of De- fense, the Department of the Army, the Medical Research and Materiel Com- mand, the US Army Medical Research In- stitute of Chemical Defense, the Uni- formed Services University of the Health Sciences, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, the Department of Justice, or the Department of State. The a∞liations listed below are for identiﬁcation purposes only. Jonathan Newmark ’74, M.D. Colonel, Medical Corps, U.S. Army Chief, Operations, Chemical Casualty Care Research Coordinator, Neuroprotection United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Bel Air, Md.

Your panelists did not explicitly discuss the one cause that is almost univer- sally understood to constitute a legiti- mate grievance—the Israeli settlements. They are a grievance the U.S. has done far “ less than it could to resolve, despite the ommon fact that both the left and right wings of C the Israeli government have expanded the settlements. The U.S. must not cease our support of Sense Israel’s right to exist within her pre-1967 borders. We must cease our implicit sup- TM port of the settlements; they are provoca- Investing” tive, illegal under the Geneva Convention, motivated by religion, supported by vio- Michael F. Holland ’66 lence or the threat of violence against civil- ians, and “an obstacle to peace” in the con- ® ventional U.S. government formulation. HOLLAND BALANCED FUND The settlements are not an aid to Israel’s security but in fact the reverse. It is the set- • Personally Managed and Singularly Focused tlements, not defense against terrorism, • 40% US Treasurys and 60% Blue Chip Stocks that are the closest moral equivalent on For more complete information about the Holland Balanced Fund, Israel’s side to the Palestinian terror. The including charges and expenses, call 1-800-304-6552, Israeli Army can legally remain under the or visit our website at www.hollandbalancedfund.com. Geneva Convention, and should remain in Distributed by ALPS Distributors, Inc. a garrison mode in the occupied territo- ries until treaties implementing suitable security arrangements are ﬁnalized. The www.hollandbalancedfund.com illegal settlers must be removed. Robert Blandford, Gp ’62 1-800-304-6552 Alexandria, Va.

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Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For copyright and reprint information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at www.harvardmagazine.com PRINCIPAL OVER PRINCIPLE? The irony in John Harvard’s Journal must be intentional. Without advocating a woolly concept like a “living wage” (“Airing Out the Living Wage,” January- February, page 66), I ﬁgure that you could pay all 424 employees now below that “minimum” and their aggregate yearly compensation would barely exceed that paid to the fourth-highest-paid employee of the Harvard Management Company, the folks who manage 60 percent of Har- vard’s $18-billion endowment (“Up in a Down Year,” page 69). Awash in capital, including the $700 million received in the past year, has Har- vard lost all sense of proportion? Why should any “money manager” employed by a tax-exempt institution and investing funds other than his own be paid $14.8 million? Because he performed “better than his peers?” Because Harvard’s invest- ments declined only 2.7 percent during the year? Because some of his predeces- sors left HMC to join a private company “where they can keep their compensation Now Under Construction private?” In a world of fungible dollars, Harvard just took a $50-million grant from the Ford Foundation and paid $55 million to its “top ﬁve” HMC money managers. Out- rage might be more appropriate than irony. Time to reexamine criteria for tax- exempt status. Richard S. Gray, M.B.A. ’55 Shaker Heights, Oh.

You describe a shameful contrast: Har- vard’s ﬂagrant overpayment to its ﬁnan- cial managers and its dehumanizing un- derpayment to its workers—principal above principle. Robert M. Goldwyn ’52, M.D. ’56 Tatyana Goldwyn Brookline, Mass.

BROTHERS ON ICE Craig lambert rightly champions Mark, Steve, and Dominic Moore of Thornhill, Ontario, as “A Force on the Ice” (January-February, page 80). They are not, however, the first fraternal trio to skate for the Crimson. They are the first to skate on the same team, but Sid, Dick, and Walt Greeley were brothers from Framingham High School in Massachu- setts who contributed significantly to the fortunes of Harvard hockey. Sid and Dick played together in 1946-’47. Walt came

Harvard Magazine 9

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For copyright and reprint information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at www.harvardmagazine.com along in 1949 to 1953, becoming captain in ’52-’53 and MVP that year (joint with linemate Amory Hubbard), as well as MVP of the first Beanpot Tour- nament in 1952. Sid scored a hat trick during one shift on the ice in 2:08 minutes against Prince- ton—a feat not duplicated even by C. J. Young, who scored three goals shorthanded in 49 sec- onds, but whose third goal came after a period break. Dick was MVP in ’47-’48 and held the record Make way for storyteller with hatchet and chisel. for most goals scored by a defenseman in one season for 46 years until eclipsed by science—McCloskey’s exuberant talents Sean McCann in ’93-’94. and asked him if he could carve a totem Harvard hockey has benefited from pole. “Clutch” replied, “I d’know, I’ve many brother combinations over the never tried.” But, at 18, he tackled a 500- years, including Fred and Tom Moseley, pound cedar balk. Dad and a Sioux friend, Austie and Goodie Harding, Dave and Al Isaac Greyearth, consulted on the sym- Key, and too many others to mention. Yet bolism, which melded into a sort of truly the Moores are in a class by them- generic Amerind design. selves. It has been a great pleasure to None of this has anything to do with watch the three of them individually and Harvard, but it does with Boston, since a when they were on the same team. Let’s few years later, before he won the Prix de hope that Dominic can spark the Crim- Rome, Bob designed (but didn’t execute son to a winning if not championship personally)‚ the most famous sculptures year in 2002. in the area—better known even than John Richard S. Greeley ’49 Harvard—the Ducklings. St. Davids, Pa. The Camp Gard totem pole, now 60- odd years old and quite deteriorated, is TOTEM, AS A YOUTH conserved in the Robert McCloskey Chil- The Harvard Swivel Chair The photograph of Harvard’s totem dren’s Reading Room of the Lane Public pole in progress (“Kaats and Bear Arrive,” Library of Hamilton and is being restored. January-February, page 67) set me to pok- Charles H. Klippel ’42 ing through my “archives” for the en- Paxton, Mass. closed photograph of a friend of my early years, Bob McCloskey, who carved a simi- PRIVILEGE AND ACHIEVEMENT lar item for the extraordinary Y.M.C.A. Pedro antonio noguera, portrayed in Camp Campbell Gard, near his and my “The Community Scholar,” by Jessica home town of Hamilton, Ohio. He was Siegel (January-February, page 50), is re- the camp dining-hall steward, and my fa- ported to regret “a pervasive and passive ther, an avid student of Native American acceptance of the ‘fact’ that students lore, was director during the 1930s. from low-income backgrounds cannot Dad had recognized—no great pre- achieve at the levels of students from Don’t just sit there — rock, roll, twist and turn in our privileged backgrounds.” What is so exclusive update of the traditional captain’s chair. Made in the USA of superior northern hardwood with swivel wrong with that acceptance? It would be mechanisms and casters. Black with silk screened seal. SPEAK UP, PLEASE strange if parents’ economic status, and With your choice of Harvard or Harvard House seals. Harvard Magazine welcomes letters on the causes of that status, had no e≠ect at Reg. $495 Paid up member price $44550 its contents. Please write to “Letters,” all on student achievement. Such a Also available: seat cushion (in crimson) Reg. $38 Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware Street, Cam- bizarre outcome seems desirable only to Paid up member price. $3420 For Ordering & Shipping Information bridge 02138, or send comments by those who assume that all di≠erences in call: 1-800-368-1882 facsimile to 617-495-0324, or by e-mail parental privilege are unjust. to [email protected], or use our But that very assumption has dramati- Internet site, www.harvard-maga- cally undermined education, because it zine.com. Letters may be edited to fit implies that people are never responsible the available space. for what happens to them. It is desirable, (please turn to page 98) Shop our complete catalog www.thecoop.com

10 March - April 2002

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For copyright and reprint information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at www.harvardmagazine.com LETTERS (continued from page 10) for the few outstanding papers, would Five-Foot Shelf Reconsidered,” Novem- enable faculty to give clear and honest re- ber-December 2001, page 51, and “Letters,” and just, to make learning available to sponses to student work, and could be January-February, page 4). Since my fa- students whose parents may have lacked applied fairly consistently by all profes- ther was a minister and never owned a opportunity, motivation, ability, or luck. sors in all classes. In a letter-grade sys- house (“the manse” came on loan with the Your article notes that few students have tem, which, with pluses and minuses, of- job), and since I was a liberal arts major taken advantage of the afterschool tutor- fers 12 possible passing grades (with six who never imagined having a “career,” ing program at Cambridge Rindge and possible grades in the A-B range alone), this bequest constitutes my entire inheri- Latin School. So some researcher is being how is anyone to know what a given tance. My mother assures me that every paid to find out why! This is absurd. Cast- grade really means? volume is present and accounted for. ing pearls before (some) swine just does- Ron Meyers, J.D. ’98 Even given my Harvard support-sta≠ n’t work. New York City salary, I wouldn’t think of ever selling it, Marguerite Gerstell ’66, A.M. ’91 or pieces of it. It represents my family’s Pasadena, Calif. MCLEAN ASCENDANT emphasis on education, literature, and “Ray charles Plays the ‘Harvard Club’” poetry. GRADE INFLATION (“Open Book,” January-February, page 21) How much is it worth again?? There is a simple reason for the per- excerpts a book about McLean Hospital, Marcia Deihl sistent problem of grade inflation (“The written by Alex Beam and titled Gracefully Tozzer Library, Peabody Museum of Gamut of Grades from A to B,” January- Insane. The book’s subtitle, The Rise and Fall Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge February, page 63): the scale of grades does of America’s Premier Mental Hospital, may not meaningfully reflect the scale of actual leave a false impression with readers. EDUCATION’S GREATEST PROBLEM student achievement. In grading papers as McLean is very much on the rise and The obituaries for President Nathan a teaching assistant at Harvard, I found doing well both programmatically and M. Pusey saluted him as a classical that student work tends to fall into about financially. Our glory is not in the past, it scholar, talented teacher, and administra- four categories of passing grades, a view is now. tor who believed in the civilizing mission that is consistent with those of some of my Bruce M. Cohen, M.D., Ph.D. of a liberal-arts education. own professors. This is especially true at a President, psychiatrist in chief, McLean Hospital A footnote worth recording: Asked school where all the students are excep- Belmont, Mass. what he considered education’s greatest tionally bright, and the quality of their problem, Pusey replied: “Hardness of work falls into a narrow range. CLASSICAL PATRIMONY heart in the well-educated.” A scale of “High Pass,” “Pass,” “Low My family has been saving the “Five- Nardi Reeder Campion Pass,” with a top grade of “Distinction” Foot Shelf” for me for many years (“The Lebanon, N.H.

FACULTY DIVERSITY Furthermore, dissemination of the sur- an essential goal that has eluded too many (continued from page 37) vey results should foster a constructive universities for too long. competition among leading colleges and The next decade o≠ers an especially icals like Fortune, Working Mother, and universities to earn reputations as “the propitious opportunity to diversify the American Lawyer. In the academy, by con- best place for junior faculty (or women, academy, because record numbers of new trast, a typical candidate for an entry-level or minorities) to work.” Institutions with faculty members will be required to position as an instructor or assistant pro- a validated record as “great places to accommodate enrollment growth and fessor lacks important information about work” will enjoy a comparative advantage wholesale retirements (more than one- how junior faculty at a given institution in faculty recruitment, and enlightened third of full-time faculty are 55 or older). assess the quality of work, the quality of self-interest will impel the others to The University of California system alone life, the likelihood of success, and overall change. The most distinguished universi- needs to hire more ladder-rank faculty in satisfaction they have found there. These ties already compete intensely with each the next 12 years than the 10 campuses data can a≠ect decisions about whether to other for faculty members; the survey currently employ. If the profession does even apply for a vacancy; shape the ques- data have the potential to alter the basis not act now, faculty diversity may be tions candidates ask (for example, “Why of that competition so as to emphasize stalled for another 30 years—which have minority women fared so poorly more the professional and personal con- would not serve the interests of the acad- here?” or “Why does the university lack a siderations vitally important to new fac- emy or society at large. formal mentor program?”); and inﬂuence ulty hires. candidates to seek certain information (sal- Although we might all wish that sub- Cathy A. Trower is senior research associate of, aries or tenure-success rates by race and stantial progress toward diversity could and Richard P. Chait is director of, the Project on gender, policies that govern the promotion be accomplished entirely through dis- Faculty Appointments at the Harvard Graduate and tenure process, or the availability of course and goodwill, the history and School of Education (www.gse.harvard.edu/~hpfa). stop-the-clock provisions to suspend the demography of the academy suggest oth- Chait, professor of higher education, is also editor probationary period during pregnancies erwise. The time has arrived to chart a of The Questions of Tenure, to which he and or paternal care). di≠erent course toward faculty diversity, Trower contributed several chapters.

98 March - April 2002

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For copyright and reprint information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at www.harvardmagazine.com