Index to Volume VI Begins on Page 13

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isiANA Three New Suits Filed rleans School Board • • alls for Interposition Seeking Desegregation;

NEW ORLEANS, La. clergymen urging that schools be kept open. Orleans Appeals to State ORLEANS PARISH (COUNTY) school board, operating a One of them was from Archbishop Joseph Francis Rummel of New Or­ endorsed the state's four-year-old ap­ I system with 50,000 Negro leans, who himself is head of the large proach to school desegregation. (Page n,ooo white children, asked parochial school system, which houses A labama's Placement Law 2) gavemor to use the doctrine some 35 per cent of all school-age chil­ Oklahoma mterposition to prevent the dren in New Orleans. Integration of a rural school district Catholic schools are, like public Is A ttacked in Birmingham during the past year was revealed and 6 integration of New Or­ schools, segregated. The Archbishop has another district reported steps leading public schools. not declared what his policy on inte­ to integration next year, (Page 11) EGROES FILED THREE new law ly created Commission on Public Edu­ gration will be in September. Previous­ cation. (Page 13) Gov. Jinunie H. Davis gave no ly he has said that Catholic schools N suits in federal courts in South Carolina reply to the request or to would integrate no later than public June, seeking to desegregate pub­ Louisiana South Carolina Democrats re-nom­ conference questions as to schools but during June he said no The U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Ap­ inated U.S. Sen. Strom Thurmond for lic schools in Birmingham, Ala., another term by a margin of more than he will use his power to definite plans have been formulated. Volusia County, Fla., and Caswell peals turned down the Orleans Parish school board's request for a stay of a eight to one. (Page 10) the schools rather than have SCHOOLS CROWDED County, N.C. lower court's desegregation order. (Page Tennessee desegregated under the Both public and Catholic schools of The Alabama action represents 1) The Chattanooga Board of Education New Orleans are crowded. Should one order of the federal dis­ the only litigation attacking seg­ Maryland cited the possibility of the public's "in­ system integrate and the other main­ White and Negro teacher associa­ tense resistance" in its answer to a court. tain segregation there is likely to be a regated schools in the state. It tions in Anne Arundel County merged school desegregation suit. (Page 7) itb but two months remaining pupil shift that would create massive leaves Mississippi as the only state as plans were set for desegregation to housing problems. that maintains complete segrega­ advance another grade there and in Texas ~'- the scheduled opening of "Why not accept the moderate fonn . no definite action on the tion in its school system and that four other Maryland counties. (Page Attorneys for Negro applicants gave of gradual integration proposed by does not have a suit seeking to 11) notice of appeal from U.S. District of school or Louisiana gov­ Judge Wright as a sound, temperate change the situation, Mississippi Judge T. Whitfield Davidson's ruling ent officials has been taken. interpretation of the American way of Fourteen new laws stemming from that Dallas should begin school de­ "School Boards and School- life, and, incidentally, of the Christian The Orleans Parish (county) the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 school segregation in 1961 on a "salt-and­ way of life?" the archbishop asked the ") school board, facing a federal decision were placed on the Mississippi pepper" plan. (Page 1) board. statute books during the recent Legis­ court order to desegregate the Virginia In discussing the interposition re­ lature. (Page 7) E::H;l~ro·us group.s in New Or­ New Orleans public schools be­ The NAACP moved to force the re­ e forward with declara­ solution, the school board met opposi­ tion from Emile A. Wagner Jr., most ginning Sept. 6, appealed to Louis­ Missouri opening of Prince Edward County's the Orleans Parish school iana Gov. Jimmie H. Davis to use The Sl Louis Board of Education in­ public schools but further hearing was (See "Community Ac- (See LOUISIANA, Page 12) the doctrine of interposition to augurated a crash program in remedial delayed. (Page 8) reading and spelling for 2,000 elemen­ keep the schools open on a segre­ tary school children. (Page 9) West Virginia U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of gated basis. Former State School Supt. W. W. North Carolina Trent, who help chart desegregation of turned down the Orleans The Birmingham suit entered on ALABAMA June 17 charges that the Alabama North Carolina Democrats nominated the state's public schools, died at the on its request for a stay of school placement law, previously up­ Terry Sanford for governor and thus age of 82. (Page 10) # # # crder that it must integrate the held by the U.S. Supreme Court, is grade beginning when the new Suit Challenges "inadequate to provide relief." opens. (See "Legal Action.") A suit in federal court at Jack­ TEXAS sonville, Fla., was filed in behalf of 39 Abloc of segregation bills were Negro students from Volusia County into law. Another measure, Placement Law (Daytona Beach). NAACP attorneys ering the governor to close said it was the most extensive school Dallas Decision Appealed; state public schools in the event suit ever filed in the nation. In Birmingham Forty-four Negro students seek de­ mtegration of any one of them, segregation of Caswell County, N.C., to the Senate with unani- schools in a federal court suil Since Houston For Segregation House approval. (See "Leg­ BIRMINGHAM, Ala. the suit was filed, seven of the stu­ IRMINGHAM NEGROES filed suit Action.") dents have requested transfers to the Bin U.S. District Court there county's white schools. DALLAS, Tex. Brownsboro, near Dallas, in a dis­ June 17 demanding an end to State by state, the major school de­ TrORNEYS FOR NEGRO applicants pute involving conditions at a velopments in June were: school and park segregation. Agave notice of appeal from Negro school among other things, The school suit, alleging that Alabama U. S. District Judge T. W. David­ broke up in a fight that left one The State Board of Education or­ son's ruling that Dallas should be­ person dead and several injured. the previously upheld school gin desegregation in 1961 on a placement law is "inadequate to dered Dr. Lawrence D. Reddick ex­ (See "School Boards and School­ pelled as a faculty member at Ala­ "salt-and-pepper" plan. (See men. ") provide relief,'' asked that the bama State College for Negroes after "Legal Action.") Board of Education be enjoined Gov. John Patterson branded him an Houston residents voted two to from "operating a bi-racial school agitator and communist sympathizer. one against authorizing integra­ ACTION (Page 1) ;:: ~.;,,,:';-:LEG.AL system" in Birmingham. (See tion. A district judge studied the ,, ~;:t /,':'~~·<#.'~ ,,, , "Legal Action.") Arkansas school board's plan to begin volun­ At Little Rock, 39 junior high and Lawyers for the National Assn. for the The State Board of Education 35 senior high Negro students asked tary desegregation next year. (See Advancement of Colored People gave ordered Dr. Lawrence D. Reddick assignment to white or integrated "School Boards and Schoolmen.") notice of appeal from the ruling of U. S. expelled as a faculty member at schools next fall (Page 5) A school board meeting at District Judge T. Whitfield Davidson Alabama State College for Ne­ that Dallas should start integration in Delaware September 1961 on a "salt and pepper" groes after Gov. John Patterson The Delaware House of Representa­ plan. (Borders t•. Rippy, SouTHERN branded the professor an agitator tives approved a bill providing three S<:HooL NEWS, June 1960 and previous.) and communist sympathizer . Pat­ million dollars for construction at 15 SSNBegins The appeal went to the U. S. Fifth terson also suggested replacing Negro schools. (Page 4) Circuit Court at New Orleans. NAACP the college president, Dr. H . attorneys W. J. Durham and C. B. District of Columbia 7th Volume; Bunkley Jr. seek complete integration Councill Trenholm. (See "In The and conserva­ starting this fall. tive Republicans on the House Rules Colleges.") . The Dallas school board's desegrega­ Committee joined to block efforts to Index Inside The civil rights issue dommated the tion plan, tailored to fit Judge David­ send a federal school construction aid thinking of convention del~ates. elected son's recommendations, calls for open­ bill to a Senate-House conference. . the state's Democratic pnmanes May SOUTHERN ScHOOL NEWS turns an­ ing certain schools for voluntary inte­ ~and May 31. Final official .tabulations (Page 6) other comer with this issue. gration while maintaining segregation from the May 31 run-ofT pnm~ ga;'e Florida Volume 7, number one begins an­ in others. Legal action continued to dominate States Rights candidates. fo: presidential other year for SSN and Southern The 83-year-old jurist expressed the the school segregation picture in Flor­ elector a six to five maJonty over ~­ Education Reporting Setvice. opinion that the voluntary, partial inte­ ida as developments were reported in didates pledged to supP?rt pa:tY nonu- The index for Volume &-cover­ gration system would satisfy the re­ Volusia County, Palm Beach and ing the issues from July 1959 regardless of their racial stand. quirements both of the U. S. Supreme only a partial bolt, if that,. seems Pensacola. (Page 3) through June 1960-appears in this Court and state law. Under a 1957 =ible wh en the electors J?~t .~ De­ issue on pages 13, 14, 15 and 16. Texas law, any school district that inte­ possber (See "Political Activity. ) Georgia Meanwhile, renewals continue to cem . The stale bar association president grates without approval of its voters come in for Volume 7 from readers stands to lose its state school aid and called for repeal of all of Georgia's whose subscriptions expired with segregation laws, causing widespread to have fines levied against the respon­ LEGAL ACTION the June issue. Subscribers who sible officials. comment and bringing varied reaction haven't renewed are urged to do so Petitions for such an election are from lawyers. (Page 9) right away to keep track of segre­ ·ts filed in the U.S. District signed in Dallas, but no date has been In sw · Negroes gation-desegregation developments =--"am Kentucky set for voting. The district receives Court June 17, ~i.rmu.llS-'• - in southern and border states. asked a federal inJunchon to end seg Gov. Bert Combs named nine per­ sons, including one Negro, to the new- (See TEXAS, Page 2) (See ALABAMA, Page 3) PAGE 2-JULY 196~SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS

NORTH CAROLINA Sanford Defeats Lake In Democratic Runoff CHARLOTI'E, N. C. Jina school plan, publicly supported N A VIGOROUS MONTH-LONG cam- Sanford. I . Larkins, a Trenton lawyer and Iong- prugn waged almost com- time state Democratic party official and pletely on the race issue, North member of the state Legislature, did Carolina Democrats have nomi- not announce a preference in the sec­ nated for governor a moderate ond primary, but his campaign manager h firm} dorsed the state's joined th~ Sa:i£ord group. . W O Y en The votmg m the second primary: four-year-old approach to school Sanford: 352,739. deseg'regation. Lake: 275,495. In a runoff primary, Terry San- These returns, unofficial, are based f d thful Fayetteville attor- on figures from 2,074 of the 2,094 pre- or 1 you . . . cincts in North Carolina's 100 coun- ney who led m the votmg m the ties. Sanford carried 65 counties and first primary on May 28, defeated got 56 2 per cent of the vote. Lake ear- DALLAS SCBOOLMEN STUDY DF.sEGREGATION PLAN . l. Beverly Lake, fo1mer Wake ried 35 counties and got 43.8 per cent Henry W . Strasburger, Board Attorney, Left, and Supt. W. T. White Forest College law professor who of the vote. vowed to create a climate of opin­ ion that would drive the National board should not have encoura?ed the Texas signing of petitions for an election. . Assn. of Advancement of Colored (Continued From Page 1) "People in most cases signed the peti­ People from the state. (See "Poli­ 1;: -y~~- tions as if they were going into segrega­ BLAMES CONFUSION tical Activity.") LEGAL ACTION about three million dollars a year in tion," said Riddle at a school board Mrs. Charles E. White, Negro Another federal law suit, this state funds. meeting. . . More than 70,000 Dallas citizens of the Houston board, asserted one in Caswell County, has been A federal court suit for desegrega­ Judge Davidson expressed doubt that election will "in no way in filed in an effort to gain admission tion in Caswell County (county seat, the state law could be enforced against signed the petitions. Judge Connally's order. She Of the 27 Negro students who applied hi Yanceyville) has been filed against the a school district. It has never been tried. there was so much confusion 1 of Negro students to w •te Caswell County school board on behalf in September 1955 for admission to ~ "If a court, the (U. S .) Supreme Dallas schools for white children, the voters over the effect of signing S. 1.ct:i schools. (See "Legal Action.") of 44 Negro students. tition and voting. Several school boards over the state The suit alleges that the board is Court, can set aside the laws of a state Dallas News reported that 10 still are Other members of the board's...... fJ are considering transfer requests from practicing a policy of segregation and (calling for segregated schools), that attending school there. Eight have grad­ court can also set aside the provisions of uated. Others have moved or dropped ity took the v?te to ?e an endo ' ): Negro students who wish to attend seeks a restraining order to prevent of its segregation policy. the statute requiring an election," out. d~egated schools next fall. Cha~l further segregated operation of the However, the president of the ~ Hill's school board voted to admit public schools. Davidson declared. The Dallas News predicted that voters in the district will defeat the integra­ ton Assn. for Better Schools, whichi ~ three Negroes to a white school. Since the suit was filed, seven Negro The judge said the Dallas school offi­ ports integration, held a different .. s:;. The existing pattern of token, limited students from among the 44 participat­ cials could go ahead with the referen­ tion proposal, as Houston recently d~?· (See "School Boards and Schoolmen. ) Dr. Albert Abrams said the rer~ :~~ desegregation is expected to be fol- ing in the suit have requested trans­ dum adding that a majority for desegre­ showed "a large number of Ho~ ~~ lowed again next fall, but the number fers to white schools in Caswell. The gati~n would cause the court to order HEARING POSTPONED are prepared to move ahead in~ ~ of school districts involved will not be Caswell school board has denied the "immediate wholesale integration." ance with the law of the land ...• c:z~ determined until somewhat later in the requests. Court hearing of an application to in­ He explained that if the state at­ tegrate schools at Galveston was post­ ". . . All of us must look u C:? summer when school boards have tempted to penalize the district for acted. (See "School Boards and School­ poned at least until next January (Rob­ antics of the Houston school board I:! desegregating without voter-approval, dissatisfaction and concern for men.") inson v. Evans). an appeal could be taken directly to the U. S. District Judge Ben C. Connally defeated the referendum and ~ .. tr U. S. Supreme Court. passed over the non-jury docket at Gal­ ized continued state funds and 9' u: Franklin E. Spafford, president of the veston, which had been scheduled for accreditation." 1fl:: Dallas board, said the adopted plan June 20. Instead, he entered an agreed Another development affecting c The school board at Chapel Hill would permit a child to go all the way pre-trial order stating that Galveston ton was the disbanding of a ~ 1 (home of the University of North through school in integrated classes, if school officials realize that "the dual racial committee named by 1i Carolina) voted unanimously June 27 chosen, or to attend only segregated system . . . must be abolished with Lewis Cutrer to discuss race 1:1 to accept the applications of three Ne­ schools. deliberate speed." The group met only briefly. Ont i I: gro students for the first grade of an The Dallas board must set an election However, attorneys for the district of its dissolution apparently was a re date before the end of July. In a campaign tied only to two ma­ all-white school. This would be the said they are prepared to show the agreement over whether to c9' !l::iJ jor issues-North Carolina's approach first desegregation in the school system Lloyd S. Riddle, president of the court that it would be "impractical, if students of Texas Southern U~ m to school desegregation and st"te fiscal of 3,500 students. White Citizens Council in Oak Cliff, a not altogether impossible" to integrate (for Negroes) for participating in !d policy - North The board unanimously rejected the Dallas suburb, complained that the Galveston schools this September. counter sit-downs. 2Ci Carolina Demo­ applications of nine Negro students for Galveston had planned to desegregate crats have select­ the all-white junior high school. its schools in 1957, before the Legisla­ BROWNSBORO DISPUTE 11 ed as their nomi­ The Chapel Hill board rejected a ture passed the r eferendum law. Twen­ Overtones concerning the allegei i b nee for governor transfer request last summer, but an­ p1·oblem that merchants at major ty-three per cent of the Galveston dis­ feriority of Negro schools at Brall ' 1 downtown stores had declined to dis­ the man who took nounced that it would assign students tdct's voting-age population is Negro. boro a small east Texas town. i!f cuss the problem with the committee. the moderate solely on the basis of geography begin­ Meanwhile, President Eisenhower ap­ up ~t a June hearing before J. The students, led by theological stu­ stand on the race ning this year with the first grade. pointed another federal judge for south Edgar, Texas commissioner of dent Charles Jones, resumed the dem­ issue and the man Supt. Joseph Johnston has declined Texas. T. Everton Kennerly, son of a tion. who favored more to give the names of the Negro stu­ onstration without prior announcement retired U. S. district judge, was named However, this was only part by sending about 30 students to seven spending by gov­ dents seeking transfers, but has con­ to succeed the late James V. Allred. difficulty in connection with the ernment, particu- firmed that one of them is 11-year­ downtown lunch counters. Kennerly, 57, was defeated in 1958 as a school system operation. A old Stanley B. Vickers, who has sought larly for public SANFORD The following day they were joined Republican candidate for Congress in board meeting in mid-June had schools. admission to a white school two previ­ by about 20 ministers, members of the the Houston district. into a fight that left one man d The race issue-specifically the North ous years. Catawba Synod of the Presbyterian K ennerly said he probably will live in others injured. Three partici~ll Carolina plan for limited desegregation BOARD STATEMENT Church, U. S. A., then in session at Corpus Christi, near the center of the charged with felonies and 111Dt which leaves pupil assignments to lo­ Johnson C. Smith University. Smith is judicial district. misdemeanor offenses. The board's statement last summer supported by the Presbyterian Church, cal school boards but would, in the on assignment policy said that "subject The dispute apparently had sud final analysis, let school patrons vote U. S. A., an interracial church whose dered for years. It came to the 11 ?i, to the limitations of space, applications southern membership is largely Negro on whether to keep a specific school for reassignment of prospective first when a newly elected board ~I; open if there was sufficient objection­ and whose northern membership is Homer D. Bass, superintended grade pupils, based upon geographic predominantly white. fi ~ured considerably in the campaign pl'Oximity, will ordinarily be granted Brownsboro schools for 23 years.J: ~ for lhe votes in the first Democratic " Bass appealed for reinstal!"'I: '1i primary on May 28. Three students were accepted in the Houston, largest segregated school to Commissioner Edgar. T But in the second primary, held a first grade at Estes Hills elementary ,,. ~ WHAT. /l'HEY . SAY . system in the , voted two brought out at his hearing ~ I month later on June 25, the race issue school. The others were refused trans­ to one against integration at a special that an attorney for the National 11. ~I w-.s dominant throughout. Dr. I. Bev­ fers from the local Negro school to the election on June 4. for the Advancement of Coloredcd - erly L <1ke repeatedly spoke on the sub­ Federal Circuit Court Judge William ple recently had visited the sch downtown Chapel Hill Junior High H. Hastie, speaking at the graduation The school board previously had sub­ ject. attacking the wisdom of desegre­ School. Brownsboro and charged there tll ceremony at Johnson C. Smith Uni­ mitted to U. S. District Judge Ben C. r;tation already being practiced in North A suit seeking a desegregation or­ Connally an area desegregation propos­ discrimination against N~ Carolina and pled~g his efforts to end versity, said: der is also pending against the Chapel al, after the court had called for com­ district has more than 400 whitt it if elected. Hill board. "Suddenly this semester, the current pliance with its "deliberate speed" 300 Negro students. wave of student demonstrations against ATTACKED PRESS REQUESTS PENDING order. (Ross v. Rogers, SSN, June 1960 racism struck the South and the entire and previous.) CRITICIZED BASS .. ,_..,i I!! He did this while, at the same time, In Charlotte, where one Negro stu­ nation with an impact, the full force Details of the school board's plan arc The new board cntic1Lt:U ~ i. ma.king repeated attacks on major dent attended Garinger High School of which we cannot yet calculate. One lacking, but it announced that desegre­ among other things, for f~g tosdil \ newspapers in the state because they during the past year and has already of the measures of the impact of these for federal assistance on getung C'llled him a segregationist and because, gation would be ordered first in areas been reassigned to the same school for events is the great number of things voting heaviest for integration. This equipment at the Negro schc;>«>_~...1 ~ he said, they failed to report his whole next fall, four other Negro students people have been moved to say and drew a rebuke from Judge Connally, Bass testified that the l)OiUU program to the voters. have transfer requests pending. 1 do because of them. Indeed, the fact who advised the board "this is not a been reluctant to spend money ~ ~ Terry Sanford, in contrast, spent Greensboro schools, which had token that these demonstrations are of a kind popularity contest." Negro school after the U.S. ~ much of his time answering Lake at­ desegregation this past year, have one that people cannot ignore points to one Court decision against school rbll tacks on the school policy, contending Judge Connally still is studying the 1 transfer request pending. of their most important characteristics." tion because "nobody knew w i. that Lake would bring about more de­ plan submitted by the Houston Board. Requests are also pending in other Thirty-two predominantly Negro pre­ do " As a result he continued. segregation than ever by a return to GOVERNOR TROUD' North Carolina communities, but school money· that otherwise' would have an outright segregation policy. cincts voted for integration in the June boards have not acted on them. Gov. Luther H. Hodges, commenting 4 referendum, in some cases by majori­ spent for improving the Negro There were four candidates in the In the past, the pattern for desegre­ on the victory of Terry Sanford over ties up to 13 to one. Opposition was went for other things. dsi first primary. All except Lake had en­ gation in September has not been clear I. Beverly Lake for nomination for greatest among voters living at the edge The Brownsboro system is un 1 dorsed generally the state's token de­ before August when most boards make governor in the second Democratic pri­ of the district, ranging up to seven to "warning" from the Texas ~ segregation policies. First primary vot­ fi na t decisions. mary, said the campaign "tested and one against integration. agency that it might lose a di~ ing went this way: proved North Carolina's policy in the Houston stands to lose SS,250,000 a standing, partly because of %n~ Terry Sanford: 269,463. heat of battle." He added: year in state funds if it integrates at the Negro school. Other 0 I Beverly Lake: 181,692. "I am very proud of North Carolina. against the expressed wishes of its ings were charged, however.. Malcolm B. Seawell: 101,148. They have elected a young, vigorous, voters. Bass blamed the situation g::bll A limited number of summer school progressive man with a vision. North 1 John D. Larkins: 100,757. Dr. J . W. Edgar, Texas commissioner "wrecking crew" tactics. of students from Johnson C. Smith Uni­ Carolina, it seems to me, supported in t>f education, said that if Houston inte­ 1 In the second primary, Seawell, who versity in Charlotte resumed demon­ the heat of political battle the prograrr. board minority starting m ~ ~ grates he will be forced to withhold a bond issue was defeated. . :....i resigned as attorney general to enter strations against lunch counter segre­ we embarked on in 1956, the pupil state funds. Either court or legislative JJllJ(J(llJ• the race and who spoke publicly and gation. They did so after they learned placement program which leaves the voters elected an anti-:Bas-5 than ell action could change this, and some Numerous grievances other d1I with pride of his role in the federal from a special committee appointed by assignment of students at the local !louston legislators have indicated they ditions at the Negro school w;e wurts as a defender of the North Caro- Mayor James S. Smith to study the level." # # # # mtend to ask for a change in the law to at the hearing. SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS--IULY 1960-PAGE 3 Alahan1a (Continued From Page 1) FLORIDA

ti·on in local schools and at parks 1t53 ds -' playgroun . 11Je double-b~rre~ at~~k charged Daytona Beach Group !bat the city mamtams a dual set of g:boc>l wne lines" that overlap in ¢.t areas wh~re both Negro and ;bite children live. '1'he bi-racial school system is Files New School Suit ¢icated on ~e th.eory that .Negroes MIAMI, Fla. · inherently inferior to white per­ assignment of pupils, teachers, admin­ and, con~uenUy, may not attend EGAL ACTION CONTINUED to istrative personnel and other employes :S on a racial basis. The injunction also ir.t same pubhc schools attended by L dominate the school segrega­ children who are superior," the would cover the budgeting of school hlte tion picture in Florida. There funds for a segregated operation. 'uuon said. Similarly, it continued, were developments in three NAACP attorneys said it was the ~bi-racial system assumes that Ne­ courts. most extensive school suit ever filed ~ teachers are inferior to white and, ::;trefore, "may not teach white chil- One new suit filed in northeast in the nation. Florida was announced as the ASKS REORGANIZATION ~ a permanent injunction, the forerunner of a massive legal as­ The plaintiffs asked that the school ;iamtiffs insist that the state's school sault on school segregation dur­ board be required to present within a ent law provides inadequate ing the summer months. (See reasonable time a plan for complete jnjstrative relief, which the peti­ reorganization of the Volusia schools have admittedly not exhausted. "Legal Action.") on a non-racial basis. A direct challenge to the constitu­ Gov. LeRoy Collins' Commit­ Rodriguez said the suit had been long t)loality of the 1955 placement law was tee on Race Relations, in its first in preparation and would serve as a ted May 9, 1958, (SOUTHERN SCHOOL public statement, called for "cool­ model for future petitions filed in ~.June 1958) when a special three- headed negotiation" to solve the Florida federal courts. Five others in • court sitting in Birmingham held central and north central Florida were me law "valid on its face." The court state's segregation problems. (See in process of being filed, he declared, It nrned, however, that the act might "Community Action.") although the names of the counties in­ l ~tfr be proven unconstitutional in ap­ The last Negro student attending the volved were not announced. r lion. University of Florida was dropped for Whereas previous suits have simply '!1le U.S. Supreme Coui-t affirmed failing to maintain her grades. (See "In asked for desegregation of a particular .::s finding Nov. 24, 1958. Since then the Colleges.") school or county system, or the accept­ ~ham Negroes, led by the Rev. A Negro professor at Florida A&M ance of specific Negro children in a f L. Shuttlesworth, who was promi­ University was fired for his role in the specific white school, the Volusia suit, GOVERNOR OFFERS REDDICK PICTURE AS EVIDENCE \mt in the first challenge, have on lunch counter sit-in demonstrations. explained Rodriguez, used the injunc­ 11.._ occasions sought admission of Gov. John Patterson, Left, and Legal Advisor Bob Bradley (See "In the Colleges.") tive technique in seeking total deseg­ '- students to specific white schools. Florida's top legal expert on race regation throughout every phase of liifi time they were rebuffed. matters predicted Florida's schools can­ school operation. Jr. subjected him to "public contempt, tions revealed. not legally be kept segregated indefin­ INJUNCTION ridicule and shame." This means that five of the state's itely. (See 'What They Say.") EXPLAINS MOVE There was no particular strategy In the new action, Shuttlesworth, The governor's suit also named King, electors are pledged to casting their in beginning this planned court fight in :!lfS Annstrong Sr., and Vann Eng­ now a resident of Atlanta, the Rev. votes for the Democratic nominees for =-- ""ii=- - - - ~ .. "i¥= ~~...... ""-"'. aslc a permanent injunction abol­ F. L. Shuttlesworth of Birmingham, the president and vice president, regardless - -== -- .--·- - Volusia County, he said. school zones based, as they al- of who they are, when the electoral "We simply felt that Volusia County Rev. J. E. Lowery of Mobile, and the : '1~~1 :v= . ~ -:- had the right climate for action at . on race; assignment of pupils and Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy and the Rev. college meets in December. ers on the basis of race or color; S. S. Seay Sr., both of Montgomery. The six States Righters, on the other LEGAL ACTION this time," he explained. Plaintiffs in the new suit are the ·rements and prerequisites for Ne­ The Times retracted parts of the ad hand, have promised to withhold their same persons who, in March, petitioned children seeking admission not re- May 16, (SSN, June) SPecifically a vote should the nominees be men The first step in what NAACP lead­ red of white children; and budgets section charging that Alabama State "hostile to the South." ers said was a massive legal assault on the school board to adopt a desegrega­ tion plan. School authorities went into policies which perpetuate or sup­ College for Negroes had padlocked its Most of the delegates elected to go school segregation in Florida was taken a segregated school system. to the Democratic National Convention in the federal district court in Jack­ court, seeking a declaratory decree cafeterias in an effort to starve into against the petitioners. They asked the an alternative, the petitioners re­ submission students participating in who have stated a preference favor sonville. a court order reorganizing the Sen. Johnson. Next is Sen. Russell and There a suit was filed in behalf of court to rule the petition signers had racial demonstrations. But Patterson no authority to do so, and that the system on an integrated basis. a weak third is Sen. Symington. Sen. 39 Negro children, residents of Volusia contends that it was not a "full and school board was not under obligation ~e suit was filed in the names of Kennedy can claim only one "maybe" County (Daytona Beach). It charged fair" retraction. to act on the plea. This suit is pend­ Shuttlesworth children, four chil­ City officials in Montgomery also are delegate, despite the strong backing he that the Volusia County school board of Armstrong, and a daughter of suing the Times for libel in connection has from Gov. John Patterson. was operating a compulsory bi-racial ing. Named as defendants are the school system. The board "maintains The Daytona Beach Morning Journal with the King ad. Officials in Bi.nning­ reported the Volusia suit was part of school board, its members, School ham and Bessemer have filed suit for a secondary system of colored or Ne­ Theo R. Wright and Public gro schools limited to attendance by a pattern by the NAACP to combat stories about the two communities a precedent set in North Carolina that vements Commissioner Eugene written by Times reporter Harrison Negro children," it was asserted. l Connor. Because of racial sep- Francisco A. Rodriguez, NAACP at­ holds desegregation is an individual Salisbury. right and therefore remedy must be . n in city schools, the suit says, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., ac­ torney from Tampa who filed the suit, sought in individual suits. plaintiffs and other "members of quitted in late May by an all-white listed Thurgood Marshall, general The State Board of Education ordered · class" have suffered "irreparable" Montgomery jury on charges that he counsel for NAACP, as associate coun­ OTHER surrs falsified state income tax returns (SSN, the expulsion of a faculty member of sel. Other long-pending Florida suits the Alabama State College for Negroes June 1960), faces a second perjury in­ were active. (Montgomery) June 14 after Gov. Pat­ DffiECT CHALLENGE dictment. However, Montgomery Cir­ In the Palm Beach County case terson had branded the professor an The suit was a direct challenge to cuit Solicitor William Thetford h as (Holland vs. Boa.rapers in a store in the Little fined $200 each, then released on bond identified Reddick as a lecturer at a these groups opposed him, he must be decision, replying on the pupil assign­ COllUnunity, where the board was pending appeal. communist-sponsored school. right. ment law. ._ ~ ~g under a 1959 act authorizing it Casting the lone dissenting vote to The Alabama State Teachers Assn., "We cannot allow individual students ~ene on 20 of its 50 meeting the firing was board member Robert a Negro organization, called on Patter­ or their parents, because of their in­ ~ Year in various precincts in­ Locklin of Mobile who said he object­ son to reconsider his recommendation dividual or group desires, to select each o the courthouse in Tuskegee. ed to firing a teacher without a hear­ that Dr. Trenholm be dismissed: "As year the school they prefer their child ~'nril~ ing: "I wonder if we aren't setting a president of Alabama State College Dr. to attend," said School Supt. Howell dangerous precedent." Trenholm has for some 30 years un­ Watkins. ''To do so would create chaos ~. John Patterson has filed suit Reddick replied to the charges that selfishly and unstintingly given us his in the administration of all our lhe New York Times and five ~ 1 State Rights candidates for presi­ his appearance on the same platform as energy and service for the develop­ schools." tllf i eaders for one million dollars. Vyshinsky "makes me no more a com­ ment of public education in our state." The Pensacola case (Augustus vs. charges that a recent dential elector won a six to five ed~e fin.~vernor over party Loyalists in the Democratic munist than Gov. Patterson's confer­ The ASTA wire did not mention Board of Public Instruction of Escam­ ~ re ad in the Times soliciting ence with presidential candidate Ken- Reddick. # # # (See FLORIDA, Page 4) or the Rev. Martin Luther King run-off primary May 31, final tabula- PAGE 4--JULY 1960-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS

DELAWARE Bill for Construction at 15 Negro Schools Is Passed by House of Representatives

DOVER, Del. bias, Shockley again appealed to the 1950) have often come from southern BILL PROVIDING three million Superior Court. or mountain rural regions, and are A dollars for construction at 15 Geoghegan, in reviewing the dis­ largely Negro and Puerto Ricans." in missal before Judge Christie, held that Negro schools passed the Dela­ the board dismissed Shockley because ware House of Representatives it claimed he was agitating by trying OFFICERS and was sent to the Senate. (See to enter his daughter at Milford. "Legislative Action.") "Our charge of bias is not an allega­ The dean of Delaware State College, Frank Ahlgren · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Chairman A Negro school principal who tion of racial bias but of personal bias whose career in Dover has been Thomas R. Waring . . · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Vice Ch1irmin marked by controversy, has resigned Marvin D. Wall ...... · · · · · · · · · · Acting Executive Dlrectot directed against Shockley because he Jim Leeson, Assistant to the Executive Director claims he lost his job because he sought to enroll his daughter in the from the Negro college to join the tried to enroll his daughter at a MiUord school, then attended by only faculty at Quinnipiac College in Ham­ BOARD OF DIRECTORS white students," the lawyer said. den, Conn. white school has lost another Ch~rles Moss, Executive Editor, Nesh. Dr. George R. Kent, who was presi­ Frank Ahlgren, Editor, Memphis Com· court battle. (See "Legal Ac­ Geoghegan cited the board's own mercial Appeal, Memphis, T•nn. ville Banner, Nashville, Tenn. transcript of a meeting on Sept. 4, dent of the Central Delaware Branch tion.") Edward D. Ball, Editor, Nashville Ten­ George N. Redd, Dean, RJt Unive 1957, shortly after Shockley tried to of the National Assn. for the Advance­ nessean, Nashville, T•nn. sity, Nashville, TenP. r· Wilmington's pop u 1 at i on enroll his daughter, and said Shockley ment of Colored People, failed in a bid Don Shoemaker, Editorial Page Edit dropped, but school enrollment said: to get Negroes admitted to a Dover Harvie Branscomb, Chancellor, Van­ derbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. Miami Herald, Miami, Fla . or, went up, and the changing racial "I will tell him (a Milford school of­ theater on an integrated basis. Negroes Bert Struby, General Manager, Macon ficial) to just ignore the whole thing." are admitted to the theater but must Luther H. Foster, President, Tuskegee makeup of the city was a factor. Institute, Tuskegee, Ala. Telegraph and News, Macon, Ga. (See "Schoolboards and School­ Geoghegan also introduced into the sit in the balcony. record a question put to Shockley by Shortly thereafter, the college board Henry H. Hill, President, George Pea­ Thomas R. Waring, Editor, Charleston men. ") Harry McAllister, a board member: of trustees tied on a vote of giving Dr. body College, Nashville, Tenn. News & Courier, Charleston, S.C. "What would you do if you had a Kent tenure and therefore, in effect, C. A. McKnight, Editor, Charlotte Ob­ Henry I. Willett, Superintendent of teacher down there who was trying to denied it. server, Charlotte, N.C. Schools, Richmond, Va . agitate?" SWITCHED VOTE CORRESPONDENTS "There is only one reasonable con­ But with the help of a switched vote clusion that can be drawn from the ALABAMA MISSOURI and the intervention of Gov. J. Caleb board's transcript, and that is that the William H. McDonald, Assistant Edi­ W illiam K. Wyant Jr., Staff Writer Boggs, the board changed its stand and tor, Montgomery Advertiser St. Louis Post-Dispatch ' board threatened Shockley with dis­ voted tenure. The resulting controversy NORTH CAROLINA charge because of his action in Mil­ William T. Shelton, City Editor, Ar­ Delaware's General Assembly, de­ ford, and then made good its threat by led to the resignation of two board L. M. Wright Jr., Assistant City Edi. spite- an earlier protest from the Na­ members, Herman C. Brown of Dover kansas Gazette tor, Charlotte Observer actually dismissing him," Geoghegan and Woodrow Wilson of Georgetown. DELAWARE tional Assn. for the Advancement of said. Dr. Kent was strongly endorsed James E. Miller, Managing Editor, OKLAHOMA Colored People, apparently will pro­ Robert W. Tunnell, attorney for the Leonard Jachon, Staff Writer, Okla· throughout the dispute by John M. Delaware State News vide a substantial appropriation for Laurel board, said that it was Shock­ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA homa City Oklahoman-Times McDowell, board chairman, and Dr. further construction of Negro schools. ley's timing, r ather than the act itself, Erwin Knoll, Staff Writer, Washing· J erome H. Holland, president of the SOUTH CAROLINA House Bill 564 went through the which distressed the Laurel board. ton Post & Times Herald House of Representatives in June and college. FLORIDA W. D. Workman Jr., Special Corr.. spondent, Columbia, S.C. was sent to the Senate. It earmarks DELICATE POINT Dr. Holland, himself, resigned last Bert Collier, Editorial Writer, Miami $3,282,286 for construction at 15 Negro He said the situation regarding inte­ month to accept the presidency of Herald TENNESSEE schools. gration was at its most delicate point, Hampton Institute in Virginia. GEORGIA Tom Flake, Staff Writer, Nashvme All of the schools are in Kent or and that the board considered Shock­ Dr. Kent will be succeeded at Dela­ Joseph B. Parham, Editor, The Ma­ Banner Sussex counties, where the pace of in­ ley's act as "unseemly for a school ad­ ware State by Dr. R. C. Henderson, con News Garry Fullerton, Education Editor, ministrator at a time when a peaceful former dean of the graduate school at KENTUCKY Nashville Tennenean tegration has been slowest. Weldon James, Edi+orial Writer, solution was being sought." South Carolina State College. The schools and appropriations: Louisville Courier.Journal TEXAS Bridgeville, $94,000; Frankford, $133,000; Tunnell said that Shockley ceased his LOUISIANA Richard M. Morehead Harrington, $430,000; William Henry effort at that time and that his daugh­ Emile Comar, Staff Writer, New Or­ reau, Dallu News ' Sl56,000; William C. Jason, $1,383,000; ter continued in a Negro school and leans States & Item VIRGINIA that the subject was not brought up Laurel, $20,000; Lewes, $75,000; Middle­ MARYLAND Overton Jones, Associate ·-.! again. Negro students who took part in sit­ Edgar L. Jones, Editorial Writer, Editor, town, $93,000; Milford, $175,000; Mills­ Richmond Times-Dispatch .: boro, $44,000; Millside, $38,286; Reho­ He gave a summary of the events downs in the South have been com­ Baltimore Sun r both, $210,000; Seaford, $4,000; Smyrna, leading up to the insubordination mended by the Delaware Annual Con­ MISSISSIPPI WEST VIRGINIA $374,000, and Milton-Ellendale-Lincoln­ charge by sayin~ that Supt. Leon Elder ference of the Methodist Church at a Kenneth Toler, Mississippi Bureau, Thomas F. Stafford, Assistant to tht S: Slaughter Neck consolidation, $543,000. had ordered Shockley to teach two meeting in Philadelphia. Memphis Commercial Appeal Editor, Charleston Ga%ette "" Later, graduates at Delaware State The NAACP and other organized Ne­ classes because a school with only 350 MAIL ADDRESS gro groups last spring protested fur­ pupils did not justify a principal with College were told that Negro students, ther construction at Negro schools on no other duties, but that Shockley had to compete with white students in cer­ P.O. Box 6 I 56, Acklen Station, Nashville 12, Tenn. the grounds that it tended to perpetu­ refused to teach. tain fields, must prepare themselves to ate segregation. Delaware, as June ended, was ex­ meet recognized standards. The State Board of Education denied pecting momentarily an opinion from Judge Samuel Pierce, of the Court this charge, holding that the schools the U.S. Third Circuit Court of Appeals of General Sessions, New York City, give support and encouragement to ma­ Miss Langston said her failure ~ in Philadelphia on whether its grade­ said most Negro students are now pre­ could be used for white pupils after ture and responsible approaches." ''emotional, not intellectual." It was 1 integration is accomplished under the a-year desegregation plan is accept­ paring in college for positions as teach­ ers. The commission said Florida has an the result of pressure from other • ,n: grade-a-year desegregation program. able. The court heard an appeal from dents or faculty members, she declanl,, A hearing also was requested before Negro litigants in April. An opinion "In order to compete successfully in outstanding record in h olding down nonnallv takes 45 to 60 days. other professional fields, engineering, racial strife. But new considerations the General Asembly but that body has INSTRUCTOR DIS!\USSED 1 t?ken no action. for example, students from Negro col­ are arising. 1 leges must have training skills on a At Florida A&M University, a N ~ Further construction of Negro schools "Foremost of these is a series of instructor who took a role in the~ would not mean tax increases for local par with students from institutions court cases that have made it increas­ with chiefly a white enrollment." counter sit-in demonstrations at TalWi. districts because the state provides the ingly clear that segregation policies in hcissee was dismissed. full building costs. For white schools # # # public facilities have become more and the state provides 60 per cent of th~ more invalidated by the courts. Conse­ Dr. George Gore, FAMU presi t: construction cost. quently the possibility or legal delay said the decision was simply not to 1' 1 While the City of Wilmington showed has been greatly lessened." new the contract of Richard Haley," ~ a population decrease of 15 per cent, While each community must make year-old instructor in the music ~ the school population went up 14 per partment. Gore said Haley "did not di .... --=--..:_..,,., ..,.---- :. Florida its own decisions, the commission said, -.:. - 1~- - cent, and the city's continuing change vote his full attention to his teacbili ~ - •\... ; Ii';,, .,; - in racial makeup was a factor. (Continued From Page 3) it laid down some principles it will fol­ ~1f1., _ ...,.. ~ . ~ low: job.'' It is estimated that the Negro school bia) was limited in a decision by U.S. In a statement, Haley said that l LEGAL ACTION population in the city increased from "We believe in the democratic con­ is obvious that my work with COfil' l ' ' ' District Judge Har old Carswell. He 15 to 20 per cent in 1950 to nearly 50 trol of change. We abhor ill-will and (Committee on Racial Equality, w~. per cent in 1960. eliminated from the petition a chal­ violence. We pledge to each community lenge of the Florida policy of assign­ sponsored sit-in demonstrations v A Negro school principal who says Thomas W. Mulrooney, director of of Florida our assistance in facing the he lost his job because he tried to en­ ing teachers on a segregated basis. students) was the bone of conlen · c~ld guidance and devlopment, put it fears and anxieties inevitable in such Haley's future plans were not lcnO'IJ l ter his daughter at a white school has tlus way: Judge Carswell held this has no place prncesses of change. We are well along lost another legal battle, this one in in a suit for admission of Negro chil­ "A generation ago our schools were dren into white schools. Pupils he the road to a new era in education the Sussex County Superior Court. segregated, with from 15 to 20 per cent health, recreation, wealth and th~ Judge Andrew Christie found tha t said, were not the proper parti~ to of our school population being Negro. raise this question. power for good. What is required right the Laurel Board of Education did not Our slum sections were relatively now is sanity to insist that we must show racial bias in either the original The decision was made during pre­ small and largely concentrated in one liminary arguments on motions. A date meet, listen and talk to each other. session durin~ 1958 or the most recent area. Now is the time for reason and under­ one in April. Christie held that the for further hearings will be set. Ralph E. Odum Florida's ~ ''Today, nearly one-half of the chil­ standin~." 1 facts justified the dismissal for willful dren are Negroes, slum conditions are attorney general who specializeS , ~ insubordination. widespread, many children come from COMMUNITY ACTION racial lcl{islation and litigation, sald, Joseph H. Geoghegan, attorney for unstable families, are often poorly a St. Au~ Alonzo H. Shockley Jr., who was dis­ nourished. address that lh t missed at the Dunbar School in the Gov. LeRoy Collins' Committee on state cannot coa Laurel District, did not indicate if he ACIIlEVE MUCH L~ Race Relations made its first formal tinue school gef will carry the case to the State Su­ "Children who have been deprived statement on purposes and aims after Estlwr M. Langston, the Phi Beta rega tion indt4 preme Court. socially, culturally, and economically two months of study. Kappa student from Fisk University nitely. diki The Supreme Court earlier had sent often exhibit agressive or destructive Cody Fowler, Tampa lawyer who who became the first Negro accepted But he a the case b'lck to the Laurel board to behavior and have a tendency to heads the group. said earlier statements by the University of Florida school of there was no 1111 determine if bias had existed in Shock­ achieve much less, academically." were ruled out medicine, was dropped because she ' mediate cause : ley's firing. The board found no evi­ While the Wilmington population because of the failed to maintain satisfactory grades. alarm over dence of bias. dropped to 94,000 from 110,000, the touchy nature of prospect of w;le The case has been in the courts since school population climbed from 12,875 She was the only Negro student at spread int~ the problem. the university. George Starke the first Shockley was dismissed in 1958. Judge to 14,169, an increase of nearly 1,300. "Our role is not ODUM tion. ~egro accepted in the UF l~w school William J. Storey reversed the de­ There was no immediate breakdown to segregate or to Ln 1958, was dropped during his sec­ "Just now the public temper in ~ cision of the Laurel Board of Educa­ by race. desegregate," sa.id tion and ordered that Shockley be re­ But Dr. Ward I. Miller, city school ond year for scholastic reasons. regard appears to be reasonably ~ l the statement, he said . "But there is an urgent inst'.lted. superintendent, warned that "the fami­ "but to help each !he young woman medical student for better understanding of the lies the city is losing to the suburbs 1 and every local said the pressure of being the only !ems so that decisions when made blil REVERSED DECISION are being replaced by families with Negro contributed to her failure. community to face be truly representative of the pu The Laurel board appealed to the more children attending public and solve its rac- Supreme Court, which reversed Judge schools." "If there had been another Negro desires." _J FOWLER ial problems with student with me, the pressure wouldn't ,, U!Jole Storey's decision but ruled that the Another school official, who declined maximum understanding. Our role is Florida is "reasonably secure I bias charge should be considered by to be identified, said that "the families have been so bad," she said. "I studied the pupil assignment law as J~ngt~e also to take leadership in building a hard enough and knew the answers but \lie board. When the board found no who have come to Wilmington (since climate throughout the state that will is not used to discriminate agaiDS # 4 needed some other adjusbnents! ' groes, said Odum. # ~ SOUTHERN SCHOOL N EW~ULY 1960-PAGE 5 noot ~ ~NsAs • \:.\·'£ ~'.,;~: 74 Negro Students Request Assignments Ill Little Roel~ 0 • ' 1· ... ·~ . ~ ; ~~ ·~'' LITTLE ROCK, Ark. through the 1959 General Assembly. original plan had called for. graduated there. The graduation exer­ The Little Rock Scholarship Fund, :i ti c ~~ •:•.,., t.}l\ T LITTLE RocK, 39 junior high The amendment, now awaiting voter 0 By schools, the Negro reassignment cises took place on successive nights at Inc., formed in December 1957 to aid .'l• " • .,. !:~'Ii!...._\ and 35 high school Negro stu- action in the November general elec­ ' .. ..;.,. -...,. ~ ~A requests are: from Horace Mann (Ne­ the two schools with Little Rock police outstanding students attending Little R •l'lt, 1: ~ d ts asked for assignment to tron. contains several provisions on gro) High School to Central High 30, on hand but there was no incident at Rock high schools "under conditions of •p.-..-· ' en school ta xation and financing and to Hall High three, to Tech High two; either one. Several Negro adults were unusual stress," awarded eight $100 "'l s,..,c, 1, ~ ·bite or integrated schools next would allow the voters of a district, if from Dunbar (Negro) J unior High to in the audience each night. scholarships this year, making 22 'l •1h, . · , These were the first requests rll9 ordered by a court lo desegregate, to Forest Heights Junior High seven, to The main speaker, Everett Tucker awarded since it was founded. The • ·,,, '"itt i·unior high. (See "School decide whether to close their schools. •. 1or S h ,_ ") West Side Junior High 23, to East Side Jr., school board president and presi­ fund is the idea of a Unitarian minis­ soards and c 001rnen. FOUR AGAINST Junior High nine. Central High had dent of the Little Rock Industrial De­ ter from Maryland and is supported by five Negro students in the school year velopment Corp., called on the grad­ public donations. The names of the Two Negro students were grad­ All four of the governor's opponents just ended and two were graduated; uating students to make up for the scholarship winners are not made pub­ are against the proposal. On a televi­ ted from Little Rock's Central five more have already been assigned "deficits of the adults." He called for lic for fear of "possible unfortunate ~ion program Faubus and Bennett were c .. :d Hall high schools without in- for 1960- 61. Hall High had three Negro improvement of the business climate in pressures." A .~, '~ · asked how they were going to vote on • ...c.-, ,' ':it::!,. ·dent. (See "School Boards and students this year, one was graduated, the state and the creation of opportu­ the am endment and the surprise came and three more have already been as­ nities that would keep young people REC 0 ?. 5. ·•=-:. ~oolrnen.") when Faubus declined to say. Instead signed for next fall. in the slate. he described it as "permissive" legisla­ • • ~., Vin • A State Supreme Court justice All school assignment requests (there Tucker and other speakers, both ., II t? t·r, • ed h' . ti f t tion and said that permissive legislation • ..,,.,. 'i,., ·~'l announc is mten on o sump- generally was good. are also 102 by white students) are adult and student, made several refer­ now handled by the school board under ences to the importance of continued ·~ :,i'· ~ ing the state if neces~ in His startled opponents leaped in :,'i\:•., ;,:; the state pupil placement law, Act 461 free public education. The two gradu­ • ·,,. ¥or of proposed Constitutional quickly to r emind the voters that Fau­ 5 of 1959. It requires the board to notify ating classes lost their junior years at 11 bus was the father of the amendment ~ : ·:• • ::.,.,, 1 . ~endment 52, which would al- each student within 30 days of the their home schools because the Little • ' ''' II 1 . f h Th and that it wasn't entirely permissive An all-white jury in Pulaski County .... s.. • • =1·~ •·' w the closmg o sc oo ls. e filing of the request of the date for a Rock high schools were closed during -that while the school-closing part of Circuit Court convicted Maceo Antonio • .e, G,,,., ~ B A d ted hearing before the board; the letter 1958-59 to avoid a second year of de­ • •q 1:; · ~, "•;r 1ukansas ar ssn. a op a it is optional, the amendment begins Binns Jr., 30, L ittle Rock Negro, of must be mailed at least seven days in segregation at Central High. ;. .,, , , Q N . ·· ~ v~L... nJution asking the Supreme by wiping out the existing constitu­ dynamiting the home of Carlotta Walls, ~ • "j ~:-. . t<.>V f h' advance of the hearing. If the board tional guarantee of a system of free one of five Negro students attending ._, 1 C,. ,. :.,· •. Court to approve canons o et ics refuses the request after the hearing, public schools. Central High School, last Feb. 9. Binns ...,., ...,.. ,~ s. "" ~ ~t would keep the justices from the student may file a written excep­ 0 After a few days Faubus told report­ protested that he was innocent. The jury s., ~ ' l ··-:·: ~:~ ~aking political speeches. (See tion with the board; if the board still ers that he had never advocated abol­ imposed the maximum penalty of five refuses, the student may take his re­ ·lD ENTS :-Community Action.") years in prison and a $500 fine. Binns ishing the public schools and never quest into circuit court. A SSC. ~ ~Gov. Orval Faubus told an audience would. He said the proposed amend­ appealed and is free on bond. W ,. (_ .,., ... , • high school boys he was running ment was the best that could be done 16 FACTORS In May another all-white jury had 1 'i• • ~., ~ .,. • •• r~ l an unprecedented fourth consecu- at the time (in the 1959 Legislature) The pupil placement law sets out 16 Associate Just.ice Jim Johnson of the convicted Herbert Odell Monts, 47, Ne­ • •t:t•• " bel' Arkansas Supreme Court announced --~ • C • ..... two-year term because I 1eve when "we were faced with the threat factors on which a school board may gro, a neighbor of the Walls f~y, of . J. ... ~;... "1 .. . that he was for proposed constitutional "• ' r right in trying to assure that we of abolishing the entire school system." make pupil assignments and it specifi­ the dynamiting and sentenced him to l,f W,.,, . I m Amendment 52 because he favors seg­ , ,. ' ' nr 1·~,. trol our schools and run our own He said he would tell his stand on the cally excludes the consideration of race. five years. He is free while appealing regation. Johnson said he would stump ... ' ..... wt ::·•·1· But to his four opponents, the amendment and the reasons for it in This year, at the end of school, each the verdict. 'airs." the state for the amendment if he ( _a "'"'l.h ~issues of the campaign were that detail later during the campaign. student received notice of the school Detectives who obtained two confes­ 4 thought there was any danger that it •o• ~ t :l\Q" "1= 'K-\ ,laurth tenn try and his previous st.and When Faubus got around to announc­ to which he had been assigned for next sions from Binns the night of his arrest ...... , C" 01r --r·· schools. (See "Political Activity.") ing his campaign manager, he pulled fall. The requests filed by June 13 are would be voted down in the November said Binns told them that Walls himself general election. furnished the dynamite and wanted the "'• •.. CA ~~~'• • Asecond Negro was convicted in the another surprise by passing over the for changes in those assignments. experienced politicians who have con­ The proposed amendment would explosions "for insurance reasons." The W :: .,., : l •1• , . i:.: • 'ting of the home of a Negro Next day Everett Tucker J r., school 1 eliminate the state constitutional re­ explosion did only minor damage and 1• •:!•"' C r:1 i: :Jdent attending Little Rock's Central ducted his previous campaigns. This board president, said he could see time he picked a school superintendent nothing so far to cause the board to quirement that a public school system injured no one. 'E"•'•ESm (See "Legal Action.") must be maintained and would allow a from east Arkansas, Clarence E. Bell change its announced stand against ad­ Binns repudiated the confessions on .. ,,,, F tet S ·.~ w.-.r of Parkin. Bell also is a state senator school district by vote of its residents the witness stand and denied having !.t , ••• mitting Negro students to the white ,.,. ,.,,, and was one of the senatorial sponsors junior high schools next fall. A few to abandon its public schools when any knowledge of the dynamiting or of proposed Amendment 52. J ames L. days later the board met and scheduled faced with a court order to admit Ne­ any connection with it. Binns said he Bland, administrator of the State Em­ the reassignment hearing for June 30 groes to white schools. It also has sev­ made up the confessions only because ployment Security Division, and Ar­ and July l, 7, 12 and 13. eral other provisions on school taxes he had thought that that was the only and financing. nold Sikes, member of the State Com­ At the same meeting the board as­ way he was going to be released from merce Commission, who have headed signed back to Horace Mann High one Two weeks after Justice Johnson had custody and get to see lus family and spoken out, the Arkansas Bar Assn. lawyer. 4 previous Faubus campaigns, were ap­ on the five Negro students it earlier • i ; '• . Gov. Orval Faubus made his annual pointed assistants to Bell. had assigned to Central High. She was annual convention at Hot Springs ap­ Prosecuting Attorney J. Frank Holt 11 1 proved a resolution asking the State "'• • •' ~" ·:· , a,::n ~to the American Legion-sponsored Irma Jean Routen, whose mother had put Cartelyou Walls, father of Carlotta, Supreme Court to adopt for its own ~ " "'O"! · n .-i:a·~ :kansas Boys State. In a qucstion- NEGRO VOTES written the board about the possibility on the witness stand but Walls denied .., e~ · • ;:, '•' ·er sesfilon with the 840 high school Faubus also is making what the Ne­ of Irma J ean's being in the Central the Canons of J udicial Ethics of the knowing anything about the dynamit­ American Bar Assn. Canon 28 says that · •0 ~11 : h-l~ A;Jm: he explained why he is running gro press calls a strong bid for Negro High band. The board said the Central ing. judges should not make political t~ • • an unprecedented fourth consecu­ votes. That's what the Southern. Medi­ band already was full and without TWO LAWSUITS ator J oun iat called the governor's consulting the parents assigned Irma speeches. term: Johnson was not bothered. First he There were legal arguments June 15 O ~ES S The issues at stake in t.lus campaign speech at the state Negro Boys Indus­ J ean to the Negro high school. The said the Canons of Ethics do not pro­ in two of Atty. Gen. Bruce Bennett's not trivial, nor in anywise wilin­ trial School at Wrightsville at the abrupt action caused some muttering hibit the kind of speeches he wants to lawsuits against the NAACP. l l became a central figure in a dedication of a new building, replacing in the Negro community, which de­ make, and, anyway, he would speak Before Circuit Judge J. Mitchell the one that burned and killed 21 boys scribed the Routens as a high class t controversy . . . I believe I'm out for the proposed amendment no Cockrill, Bennett argued for a swn­ a year ago. Faubus told the crowd of family and not troublemakers. The · t in trying to assure that we con­ matter whether the state Supreme mary judgment of $5,000 against the Negroes that "our state institutions are parents said they probably would ask ., our schools and run our own af- NAACP for refusing to register in Ar­ on equal basis, including teacher sal­ the board to reconsider. Court adopted the code or not. The .. ::;.. I also believe that more people court is in recess for the summer and kansas as a foreign corporation. He has aries, and all people regardless of race Reassignment requests must be no­ •... - '-nted me to run this time than at any isn't likely to take any action before already won a default judgment of are served alike" and went into some tarized. Many of the 73 Negro requests -·:~ time I have been a candidate, next fall. $350 in this case-$50 each for seven detail telling how the welfare program filed June 13 were notarized by L. C. -..-x I felt I could win. Now it has been years-because the NAACP would not had improved under his administra­ Bates, field secretary for Arkansas for Organizations that went on record ncs·!P !lid that a fourth term is the main against proposed Amendment during produce its records in court. tion. the National Assn. for the Advancement 52 I '~ TRI

TENNESSEE individual super- leader such as Booker T. Washington or Walter White to a sort - of mass leadership" without many singlc "minority group spokesmen.'' He called • this "a sign of maturity." 'Resistance' Possibility Cited Ill Chattanooga Harold Fleming, executive director of the Southern Regional Council, told the NASHVILLE, Tenn. elucidation) in an unsympathetic atmos­ Following the faculty members' deci­ lead among private southern institutions 130 participants from 20 states, "We're 'O<>SSIBILITY OF "INTENSE resist­ phere" with this objective: '"to avoid sion, "because it is now possible for the in opening its doors to qualified Negroes going to have to accept the fact that we { ance'' by the public was cited racia~ deterioration of the quality of Lawson affair to be resolved honor­ of this region ... Our record in this live in a time when everything is hap­ public education" and to prevent "de­ ably," the three Negro students who area is unassailable ... Vanderbilt ... pening at once in race relations ..." by the Chattanooga Board of Edu­ Unless this is accepted, he said "the cation in its answer to a suit for struction of public education." had announced their withdrawal said stands on the principle that racial .Noting that some "voluntary commu­ they wanted to return. University offi­ progress in the South must be based on next 10 years will be a terribly difficult school desegregation, while plain­ period ... and those of us who survive nity professional, charitable and reli­ cials indicated there would be "no com­ obedience lo law. There cannot be one tiffs sought a 5peed-up of court ac- the violence and hat.red will be busy gious groups" in Chattanooga have he ld plications." principle for whites and a different one picking up the pieces of all our major tion. u~tegrated meetings thou ,h "subject to Lawson, who enrolled in Boston for Negroes. The law has been ... the Federal court was asked to pro- disapproval by a large part of the com­ University for the summer, indicated basis for much of the Negro's progress institutions." The Rev. James M. Lawson Jr., now vide an advisory jury in the case munity," the board said the fact that he would consider return to Vanderbilt " enrolled in Boston University following such meetings were held indicated for the degree, to be awarded him either The divinity school faculty concluded for consideration of five i5sues his dismissal from Vanderbilt Univer­ ·•tangible results" from its '"elucidation" on transfer of credits from Boston or on it still did not accept Branscomb's views raised by the defense. But attor­ sity, said anti-segregation demonstra­ policy. his completing written Vanderbilt ex­ on the issues of the case, nor did it ap­ neys for Negroes seekmg desegre- tions by young Negroes are more than Calling attention to issues raised by aminations by Sept. 15. prove dismissal of Dean Nelson. But the 1ation said they saw "no general lunch counter sit-in demonstrations and educators told the chancellor they be­ "youthful rebellion against adult au­ fs_wes as to any material fact jn similar activities, the school board con­ WOULDN'T \VITHDRA W lieved there "is some chance of saving thority." They are "too mature" for this case." (See "Legal Action.") tended that, "in view of the present The Negro Methodist minister, a the divinity school" under his proposals. that, he asserted, "and our aims are far An academic crisis gripped Van­ tempe1· of a large segment of the popu­ former missionary in India, had been In a statement, they said the school too clear to be merely a negative pro­ derbilt University for more than lation, these defendants are reluctant to dismissed from Vanderbilt after he had "must continue to serve the church an:! test." two weeks. The divinity school take a hasty step to desegregate the declined a request from the executive to work realistically toward a solution faculty objected to the university's schools ..." committee of the board of trust that he of the crisis now besetting the South." For the past 10 years, Chattanooga has decision not to readmit the Rev. withdraw. The dismissal was based on "provided separate but in many cases what the university called his refusal to TOLD TO ADMIT NEGROES '.}\ I - James M. Lawson, a student who superior facilities and schools for per­ disavow a program of civil disobedience Bethel College, a Cumberland Pres­ -i had been dismissed in March in sons of the Negro race," the defense in connection with sit-in demonstrations byterian institution al McKenzie, in COMMUNITY ACTION ionnection with anti-segregation stated, noting that teacher pay for by Negroes seeking desegregation of west Tennessee, was told to begin ad­ mitting qualified Negro ministerial stu­ ~ activities. (See "In the Colleges.") whites and Negroes ha!> been equal for Nashville store lunch counters. The Tri-State Fair, an annua. exposi­ at least 15 years. During the controversy, the deanship dents "as soon as feasible." tion at Memphis for Negroes, has been Judge Darr said he would set a date was offered to Dr. Walter J. Harrelson, The general assembly of the Cumber­ suspended for 1960 "because of the spirit sometime after July 8 to hear plaintiffs' former dean of the Chicago Theological land Presbyterian Church, which oper­ of the times.'' It had been scheduled for motion for summary judgment. A deci­ Seminary already scheduled to join the ates the college, instructed Bethel its 47th year in October. sion on selection of an advisory jury Vanderbilt faculty this fall as a profes­ trustees to determine what educational The Mid-South Fair at Memphis tra­ also was pending. sor of Old Testament. After seeking assistance is needed by Negro church­ ditionally has been limited to white unsuccessfully to mediate, Harrelson men "until the admission plan can be people and the Tri-State Fair has been l\10TION DENIED turned down the deanship and also re­ implemented." held at another time on the same fair­ ": The Chattanooga school board and The Circuit Court decision revoking signed as a professor, saying he sup­ Trustees had suggested that segrega­ grounds. \ other defendants in a public school de- the stale charter of Highlander Folk ported the stand of the faculty. He tion be continued for the time being, 1· segregation lawsuit filed April 6 (Mapp School is headed for the State Supreme later joined the others in withdrawing particularly in view of the court ruling, • ,it al v. Board of Edttcatio1~ et al) told Court. Circuit Judge Chester C. Chattin their resignations. now on appeal, that the law requiring ? era1 district court they feared "m­ on June 24 denied a motion for new Supporters of the Rev. Mr. Lawson, segregation still applies to private if not t;-, 1en5e resistance" from the public to trial of the case. 32, a native of Pennsylvania and former to public schools. The trustees also noted ii:: 'such a radical change in the traditional A highlight of Judge Chattin's deci­ resident of Masillon, Ohio, who came lo the lack of facilities for Negroes in the :nares •••" sion last February was his holding that Nashville with the Fellowship of Re­ college town and cited strong pro­ C· Attorneys for the defense, who filed Tennessee's school segregation law still conciliation, again raised issues of racial segregation sentiment in that part of Sen. Estes Kefauver and his re-elec­ ::,- •.:ree separate answers to the suit asked applies to private schools though not to discrimination and of academic freedom. the st.ate. tion opponent, Judge Andrew T. (Tip) ,. r S. District Judge Leslie R. Darr for public schools. Thus, he ruled that He had been working with the Nash­ Taylor of Jackson, opened their cam­ ! _ r. advisory jury to sit in judgment on Highlander's policy of holding racially ville Christian Leadership Conference, paigns with sharp differences as to civil &re special issues they raised. The integrated workshops was illegal. a Negro organization, and said he had rights and other issues involving race. b-yers said this would be a new pro­ The school, in mountainous Grundy counseled with students in the sit-ins. The Democratic primary will be held on t!dure in desegregation cases, and was County, is continuing its program dur­ Aug. 4. ing the period of litigation. Summer ~ to the judge's discretion. They UNIVERSITY'S STAND Taylor said Kefauver had "turned his u daimed no legal ri~t to the jury work includes courses in how white The university contended that race back" on Tennessee and aligned himself southerners can help Negroes register !!Cl The issues would be: was no factor, and that the issue was A "shift of emphasis" has occurred with "a group of ultra-northern liberals. t Whether there has been or is now and vote and in preparation of young violation of a university rule against in Negro leadership, Dr. Herman H . do-gooders and one-worlders." Ke­ people for entering integrated high 'any discrimination against Negroes in lawlessness-not a question of academic Long told the annual Race Relations fauver said he was proud to be called schools and colleges. DI cools" in USC of funds for salaries, freedom. Institute at Fisk University in Nashville. a liberal and said his support for the .;_ ids, etc. In Nashville, City Judge Andrew J . In closing the case, Chancellor Brans­ Long, director of the institute, said civil rights bill was based on his support retired charges against 63 Negro -:: l! t Whether the board of education Doyle comb said Vanderbilt "has taken the the transformation had come "from the for unrestricted voting. # # # ti":! "in good faith adopted and carried college students arrested in March in !arward a plan of elucidation, assess­ connection with sit-in demonstrations ! and education looking toward an at restaurants in two bus terminals. He · te solution of the problem of de­ had continued their cases four times ation ...." because "maybe the situation will work MISSISSIPPI Whether the board had "correctly itself out." llleSsed the temper oI the community Nashville sit-ins ended with a deci­ ~ llld local attitudes toward clesegrega­ sion by downtown merchants to open lunch facilities to both races, and Judge 14 New Laws Placed on Statute Books ~:1: lion" 1'. ;::i • Whether there is danger of physical, Doyle said the cases would be reopened °" ; 1 m:otional or psychological damage to only "if there is any further trouble JACKSON, Miss. interest of a majority of the educable ents or guardians may be required to r:.i lludents or citizens i£ immediate de­ which warrants it." children of the territory served. accompany him. r.P lfgregation is ordered. Several dozen other cases involving OURTEEN NEW LA ws stem.ming 2) When it is to the best interest of • Senate Bill 1907-Provides that a Cl· • What "reasonable period of time" demonstrators a1·e pending on state from the U. S. Supreme a majority of the children enrolled in general guardian of a minor shall not charges before the grand jury, however, F I 1'quired for the board to comnlete any such school. file any suit, complaint, action and ad­ and some City Court com•ictions are on Court's 1954 school desegregation execute a desegregation plan? 3) Or when closure will promote or ministrative and quasi judicial pro­ appeal to Circuit Court. decision were placed on the Mis­ preserve the public peace, order or ceedings on behalf of such minor with­ ASK JUDGMENT sissippi statute books at the 1960 tranquility of the district. out approval of the Chancery Court. l!~tirne, counsel for the plaintiffs biennial session of the Legisla­ • Senate Bill 1980-Provides that no ~ents of four Negro children) !'aid ture. (See "Legislative Action."} REMAIN CLOSED minor child may attend any school in Ibey would ask the court for a summary Two proposed amendments to Schools will remain closed until or­ any school district except in the school t;dgment, either ordering complete de­ dered reopened by the local trustees. district of his residence, unless law­ ''" ltgrtgation immediately or requiring the state constitution of 1890 were Petitions for reopenings, in order to be fully transferred under the student­ ?ii. ~school board to submit a plan for approved for submission to the recognized by the trustees, must be assignment statute. •c::::i d~gregation, as has been done in Nashville's 88-year-old Vanderbilt voters in the N ovem.ber general signed by three-fifths of the qualified • House Bill 425-Provides that ~ i:J ~!.!hville and Knoxville. University went through more than two election. (See "Legislative Ac­ electors of the school district and whenever any student enrolled in any tlu·ce-fi.fths of the qualified electors ~p Such a judgment would speed up ac- weeks of academic crisis in June. A tion.") school or educational institution, pub­ 1(..:~ lo:, on the suit, the attorneys explained, breach between the university admin­ who reside in the territory comprising lic or private, is arrested and convicted "r;;:J. •'..,:cli normally would not go to trial istration and its divinity school faculty The State Advisory Committee the attendance center. A qualified elec­ of a misdemeanor, the authorities in­ ~F ·'!SS than a year. They contended that grew out of the dismissal of a Negro to the U. S. Civil Rights Commis­ tor is listed in the act as a person volved must report it to officials of the "~ a >Wnrnary judgment is justified be­ divinity student in March. sion declined a request of the lat­ properly registered and qualified to school district or educational institu­ ; irf- at!Je, in their words, "there are no The period of dissension began May ter agency for a statewide survey vote in a countywide election, who is a tion in which the student is enrolled. Cl~ ~ issues as to any material fact 30 afte1· Chancellor Harvie Branscomb resident of the school district involved, • Senate Bill 1509-Provides that decided against the divinity school's of voter registrations. It came as is qualified to vote in an election of a persons who are prohibited from mar­ " ~;..."" this case ." ·: The school board its administrativ" proposal to readmit the Rev. James M. the Regional Council of Negro school trustee and, if residing in a rying by reason of race or blood who "' ~ and city g~vcrnment officials Lawson for the summer term. Divinity Leadership in Mississippi submit­ municipal separate school district, to shall cohabit or be guilty of a single t'tdefendants in the Mapp case . School Dean J. Robert Nelson and 10 ted five reasons lo the state group additionally be qualified to vote in a act of adultery of fornication, shall be l'.>;;J :o'l'hedefendants denied they had failed of his faculty members submitted their as to why Negroes were reluctant citywide election. guilty of a felony and upon conviction f." • •. iidopt a plan in accordance with the resignations in protest and an 11th Any action of the trustees can be sentenced to prison for 10 years. to register and vote in some coun­ d:-1 ~S Sup~e~e Court's school dcsegrega­ resigned later. appealed to chancery court, but pend­ Five bills dealing with sit-in lunch ~:;; ~ lO!! decision. They said the board Next day, three Negro divinity stu­ ties. (See "Community Action.") ing its decision the schools remain room or wade-in beach demonstrations hd';, undertook to adopt an elucidation plan dents said they were dropping out of closed. During closure, teacher salaries in protest to segregation were in the ~ llld Process for the community in ac­ Vanderbilt and an estimated 16 others will continue to be paid. group of new enactments. They deal ;;~-e ~ce wi.t~ the directions implicit in among the school's approximately 200 with "obstructing, inciting, trespass and ,:>. • • • • dec1S1on." enrollment indicated they ~ould not FAR-REACHING LAW disturbing the peace." They enlarge on 1(1•• ~ return. Meanwhile, three wh1~e grad~­ Another new statute deals with previous misdemeanor statutes and in­ ;.trP Cf\EATED COMMITTEE ates said they were returmng thelI churches whose congregations are split crease penalties to a maximum fine of In doing this, the board n·called it diplomas. on the parent denominational body's $500 and six months in jail. fE1l ~ "11lounced in July 1955 its intention to A variety of efforts to settle the con- Possibly the most far-reaching of the views and statements relative to inte­ Cl• :· ~P~Y. With the ruling, then continued troversy continued until June 15, two bills passed and signed into law by gration. Senate Bill 1619 stemmed from VOTING LAWS v

VIRGINIA ~t1 1I NAACP Asks Court To Reopen Prince Edward School L , the conclusion of a three-day ann workshop in Williamsburg. ~ RICHMOND, Va. the court, said he wanted time to study -=-----.------:;·~ The resolution now goes to !ht . · the briefs prior to the hearing. board, which will meet at the Sou~ HE NATIONAL AssN. for the (For other Prince Edward develop­ Governo1·s' Conference Sept. 25 at p ' T Advancement of Colored Peo­ ments, sec "Community Action.") Springs, Ark. ple moved in federal district court A state lcgisiative committee won an­ The commission, composed o[ II nwn, would set up goals for the • to force the reopening of Prince other round in its legal fight to force 111 Edward County's public schools. the NAACP to reveal the names of its 10 or 20 years. Members, who WOuld Virginia members and to f':lrnis~ oth~r appointed by the SREB, would be (See "Legal Action.") data concerning its operations m this sons of such prominence that : Two Negro girls-one in Nor­ state. (NAACP v. Commictee 011 Of­ would be able to dramatize edlleatiO folk and one in Floyd County­ f e11ses Against the Administration of needs and to create public a'Na!!rii ' became the first members of their Juscice.) of southel'Tl goals. The SREB is an agency ~ race to graduate from integrated The State Supreme Court of Appeals upheld the Richmond Circuit Court, which southern and border states ·"' public schools in Virginia. (See which had refused an NAACP request effect pool their educational resou: " for the benefit of all. The Pl'Ogn:n "School Boards and Schoolmen.") for an injunction restraining the com­ 1 An executive committee of the mittee from requiring the Negro group ables students to study in other Ill ' Southern Regional Education Board to furnish the data sought. the subjects that arc not available •• their own states. Last year 854 sllJdl • has proposed establishing a lay com­ Upholding the power of the commit­ were mvolved in the program at •j ~ · mission lo set major goals for higher tee the state's high court said in its to the stntes of $1,34-0,000. It is eXJQ education in the South. (See "School opinion• issued June 13 that " w h en that 1,032 will participate during Boards and Schoolmen.") such a committee acts within the bounds of its purpose, it acts as the Legislature itselI." The court added that the NAACP had failed to show that the committee's work would cause the NAACP "irreparable injury." Following two weeks of sit-in OVERRULED CONVICTION onstrations in the area, a numbe! The Hustings Court of Petersburg on northem Virginia stores d~ ~ The NAACP launched a legal effort INTEGRATED SCHOOL'S FIRST NEGRO GRADUATE June 10 to get a federal court order June 16 overruled a lower court con­ their eating facilities late in June 11 , requiring Prince Edward County to viction of a Negro college student for Norfolk's Patricia Godbolt Poses Befort' Grnd1111tio1t out incident. An F. W. Wool,. operate public schools. . trespassing at the segregated Peters­ store 111 Arlington County was the I The county did not operate public burg public library. Judge Oliver A. and it was quickly followed by ane canw dTt:cti\'(.! June 1. They had .been schools during the past year and no Pollard said, in clearing Virginus B. the senior year and ranked second for ,·ariety store chain, a restaurant d ,.,.. in oflicc since the board was established funds have been appropriated for pub­ Thornton, 22, of Virginia State College, the four-year course. and two drug store chains in lic schools next year. that "the evidence is not sufficient for thrl'e and a half years ago. Their suc­ county and in adjacent Fairfax Q The Charlottesville school board an­ ct•s!-ors hav<. not been named. The NAACP motion in federal dis­ a conviction." nounced it was assigning 11 more Ne­ t)'· trict court at Richmond asked for per­ Thornton and 10 other Negroes were In their closing report, board mem­ Prince Edward Academy, Princt ' groes to the two schools integrated a bers A. A. Farley, Hugh V. White and mission to file a supplemental complaint arrested for trespassing in the white year ago. Four were assigned lo Lane ward County's private segregated . ... in the long-standing Prince Edward library. Since all 11 cases were paral­ Bevt'llt•y II Randolph Jr. said that school, graduated 55 students . High, making a total of seven Negroes their policy had been "to fight, with segregation case. (Allen v. School lel, Petersburg City Manager Roy F. there. The others will go to Venable month, as leaders of the private a ....- t Board of Prince Edward County.) Ash indicated that efforts to prosecute l•very legal and honorable means, any system announced plans for a $30 Elementary, making a total of 13 there. attempted mixing of races in the public The Negro organization said in its the other 10 Negroes would be dropped. Two Negro students at Venable com­ drive for funds for construction of e<.. schools." buildings. ,_ bnef that if the additional filing were pleted the elementary grades this They added: authorized, the court then would be spring and will go to an all-Negro high Aside from the capital funds d "The board does not feel that it was, asked to: school in the fall. the Pr·ince Edward School Four.ck nor should its successors feel that they adopted a 1960-61 operating 1) Enjoin Prince Edward officials Negro applications for admittance to budt should be, obligated to take one posi­ $333,359 to provide classes for an from refusing to operate public schools. white or predominantly white schools 2) Enjoin the officials from selling tive step toward the mixing of the races mated 1,400 white children. Stu I.• include about 30 in Norfolk, 19 in War­ in the public schools." are expected to pay tuition or otherwise disposing of public school ren County and 38 in Roanoke. property. A Negro girl, Patricia Godbolt, grad­ Gov. AJmond, in releasing the board·~ from state-local grants. Tuition wl The NAACP told the court that Ne­ uated from the integrated Norview Norfolk and Warren County already report, said that the report, "in my $240 111 the lower school and $3 have some integration but Roanoke gro children in the county are denied High School June 9, ranking 52nd in judgment, is 111 full accord with the the hi~h school. Cree public education in violation of a class of 362. does not. In Roanoke, a private school, policies of the commonwealth." Meanwhile, white citizens of rights guaranteed by the Virginia Con­ On the following night, another Ne­ which expects to cover all grad<.'S from The board said that it had placed county who comprise Southside Sc! stitution and the Fourteenth Amend­ gro. 18-year-old Daisy Penn, gradu­ kindergarten through high school, Ju:is 605,762 children in the public schools, Inc., for the second time offen ment to the U. S. Constitution. ated from the integrated Floyd High received a state charter. that the parents of 597 children had help Negroes set up a private s School along with 41 whites. filed applications for placement "under svstcm fot· their children in Prince EXPERIENCES 'FRUSTRATION' MOTIONS FILED Patricia was one of seven Negro stu­ protest," and that only 362 parents had ~ard. A srmilar offer last Dece Later, motions pertaining to the case dents in a student body of more than In Norfolk, the city school board told refused to sign applications. drew only one application. were filed by T. J. Mcilwaine, county 2,000. The Norfolk Journal and Guide federal district court that a Negro sev­ The three board members tendered superintendent of schools, and George quoted her as saying she hopes to en­ enth grader in a predominantly white their resignations Feb. 24 in protest CLOSE LIBRARY W. Palmer, the only remaining member ter Smith College or Cornell Univer­ school was experiencing "pressure and against the state's new "freedom of Danville voters, in a referendum ~ of the school board following resigna­ sity, and that she has been accepted frustration" in her studies and should choice" program, which has replaced 14, expressed preference for ke tions of the other members. for the 1960-61 year at Smith. be returned to a Negro school in the "massive resistance." the city's public libraries closed r t ~ Mcllwaine said the NAACP's move Daisy was one of nine Negroes at­ fall. She had been admitted to the than allowing them to be integrab :. should be dismissed as far as it applied tending Floyd High with about 350 white school last fall under a court W&M PRESIDENT ordered by a federal district cow' • to him, since he has no authority to whites. She reportedly will study nurs­ order. Dr. Davis Y. Paschall, Virginia's Su­ The vote was 2,829 for keepin maintain or operate the public schools. ing in New York. The board told the court that the penntendent of Public Instruction for libraries closed, against 1,598 for• Palmer moved for a continuation of Norview High integrated in Febru­ child "has tried hard" but "cannot cope the p a s t t h r e e ing them on an integrated basis the hearing on the NAACP motion, ary 1959, and Floyd High in January with and is failing English, math and years, re­ referendum was advisory only. 0 mainly on the ground that the attor­ 1960. social studies." The board said further signed last month day following the referendum, tbi neys who have been handling the that the child had been treated "with to accept the pres- council voted five lo four agai1ll Prince Edward litigation have resigned TIED FOR FIRST kindness and understanding by her 1 den c y of opening the libraries. Council and that his new counsel need time Miss Charlotte Wynn of Richmond teachers and the children." Publicity the state-operated closed the libraries May 20 just • 4 to study the case. became the first member of her race concerning the case so upset the child College of Wil­ to the effective date of the court ~ The NAACP motion was scheduled to receive the degree of bachelor of that she later was reported to be under liam and Mary at for integration. for hearing June 27, but at that time science in nursing from the Medical the care of a physician. Williamsburg. He The Danville Library Found federal Judge Oren R. Lewis ordered College of Virginia. Miss Wynn, who will succeed Al­ composed of citizens opposing inl a postponement until July 29. Lewis, was in a class with 30 white students, Resignations of the three members of vin Duke Chand- lion of t11e public facilities, has I who recently was sworn in as judge of tied for first place scholastically for Virginia's Pupil Placement Board be- !er, who moves up a large red brick residence and to the new posi- PASCHALL poses to convert it into a private' lion of chancellor of William and Mary gated library. register to vote." A similar proposal tired Methodist minister of Gulfport. and iLc; branches in Richmond, Nor­ UNION UPHOLDS was rejected by the voters in 1952 be­ Cox said at a recent commision folk, Petersburg nnd Newport News. Mississippi cause it gives the county register (cir­ meeting that the CRC had advised him The Textile Workers Union of A In commentmg on Dr. Paschall's cuit clerk) the power to determine a that a proposed constitutional amend­ ica, in biennial convention in Ch "distinguished" service to the state, the (Continued From Page '1) person's moral character. ment on "moral character" as a pre­ upheld a committee ruling tha Richmond Times-Dispatch said that he requisite to registering to vote violates Front Royal, Va., local had violate House Bill 734 deals with false state­ "was one of those responsible for the union constitution by offering fin< ments given to any federal executive, the U. S. Constitution. fact that a small amount of mixed Briscoe noted that the proposed aid to a segregated private ' lcgislali\'e or judicial body. It provides schooling was reluctantly accepted in

Gray, an Albany newspaper pub­ GEORGIA lisher, is an active segregationist. He said in a speech before the Georgia 111 Lions Club convention in Atlanta that there is no legal or moral middle Repeal Segregation Laws, Bar Leader Urges ground in the segregation vs. integra­ tion issue. MACON, Ga. state compels attendance at private state constitution and our own laws,'' integration, Griffin said, yet he would PLEA FOR REPEAL of all of schools, it must provide schools for he said. not be like some Georgians who are AGeorgia's segregation laws, everybody to attend, he said. But if the ready "to surrender at the pop of a iade by the president of the state state abandons compulsory school at­ DEBATE CONTINUES paper bag." Griffin is expected by many tendance, Congress might dedde edu­ Georgia is not losing so many col­ association, caused wide­ Meanwhile, in a state which a U.S. to again seek the governorship in 1962. ~ cation is essential to the general wel­ District Court has said must desegre­ In a speech before the Chatham lege teachers because of the threat of spread comment and brought va- fare and set up federal public schools gate Atlanta schools or see public edu­ chapter of the States Rights Council of school closing, but it is having a harder he added. ' • -ied reaction from lawyers. cation abolished, the debate continued Georgia in Savannah, R. Carter Pitt­ time attracting qualified professors over what to do. from outside the southeastern region, Newell Edenfield of Atlanta PRAISED SPEECH man said: "The NAACP and equalitar­ said segregation laws now on the Jim Cherry, DeKalb County super­ ian newspapers are trying to convince a Macon Tel.egraph. and News survey It was considered significant that intendent of schools, proposed that the people of the South that the fight revealed. :oooks hamper, rather than help, two Georgia lawyers widely known for statewide education groups sponsor is over, but the real battle is just now One school official said the single defense lawyers in attempts to their strong segregation views praised fact forums on the school crisis in taking form." most important reason for most fac­ preserve segregated schools. (See Edenfield's speech. One was B. D. Mur­ every schoolhouse in Georgia. The ulty members staying in the state while phy of Fayetteville, one of the attorn­ What They Say.") idea, he said, would be to present in­ the school closing threat exists is Gov. eys representing Atlanta in the school formation to help Georgians decide the Vandiver's pledge to continue salaries Fonner Gov. Ellis Arnall said desegregation suit and of acknowledged "issue of open schools vs. closed for the school year. ne believes Georgia public schools influence in shaping slate strategy to schools." preserve segregation. The other was "ill be closed because the 1961 Chief Judge Jule W. Felton of the Former Gov. Ellis Arnall outlined , , ,/ ~~~-;;.-..,r~ .. t~»1t~ " . ' Colbert Hawkins of Sylvania, a former ~ !tgislature will refuse to change Georgia Court of Appeals said that the the campaign platform on which he COMMUNITY ~ ACTION House floor leader for then Gov. Mar­ 1954 U. S. Supreme Court desegrega­ will run for governor in 1962 if the ' ' 1 existing laws. (See "Political Ac­ vin Griffin and an unsuccessful candi­ tion decision is entitled to no obedience public schools are closed before that ~vity.") date for lieutenant governor in 1958. or respect. time. A plea for leadership to keep Geor­ Disagreement with Edenfield was ex­ The statement was objected to by Arnall said he believes the schools gia public schools open in the segrega­ presS(.-d, however, by Charles J. Bloch Dr. Rufus Clement, president of At­ will be closed because the 1961 Gen­ tion crisis was made before the 38th of Macon and R. Carter Pittman of lanta University and the only Negro eral Assembly will refuse to change annual sununer institute of the Parent­ Dalton, both specialists in constitutional member of the Atlanta Board of Educa­ present laws. Teacher Assn. of Georgia at Athens. law and both states' rights leaders. tion, in a speech to the graduating class He added that in his opinion the race Guy Webb, president of a Fulton Gov. Ernest Vandiver was cool to of Savannah State College (Negro). would be decided by popular vote since County (Atlanta) PTA chapter, con­ Edenfield's proposal. Predicting the 1961 Clement said his race does not seek he believes that before then the U. S. demned the state's political leadership, Newell Edenfield of Atlanta, presi­ Legislature would have no part of it, to intermarry with Caucasians. Supreme Court will knock out Geor­ saying they had "heaped fuel on the Vandiver said: ient of the Georgia Bar Assn., called "We simply want to get a drink of gia's county unit system, under which fire." He suggested the PTA circulate i i« repeal of all of Georgia's segrega- "I think he's out of contact with water where there is a drinking foun­ rural counties exert disproportionate secret ballots throughout Georgia so ·-t;: lill Jaws. reality. I don't think the Legislature's tain available,'' he said. influence in primaries and legislative sentiment over the state could be re­ going to consider the possibility of ~, The speech set off a bombshell among The principle of lunch counter sit-ins affairs. corded. :-s; members of the association, gathered repealing segregation laws that have by Negroes was endorsed by Clement. DeKalb School Supt. Jim Chen-y said been on the books for many years." UNCOMMITTED that all private schools now operating ct; 111 Savannah for an annual convention. ·: Bnction was varied and widespread. Lt. Gov. Garland Byrd echoed Van­ MORE DIFFICULT Georgia's Democratic party delega­ in the state could accommodate only diver's sentiments, saying any changes ruenfield said that present laws Former Gov. Marvin Griffin said tion, led by Chairman James H. Gray 30,000 pupils, and parents forced to re­ in Georgia's segregation laws would e: ;.. lamper rather than help in the fight to events which have occurred since he of Albany, prepared. to go to the na­ sort to private schools will have to pay ha\'e to come as a result of federal was elected in 1955 have made it more tional convention in Los Angeles un­ from $350 to $500 per child each year. ~ preserve segregation. judicial decree. difficult for Georgia to avoid school committed. Efforts to obtain the con­ Application for a private school char­ i Ci:! A number of those in the audience of Bloch said Edenfield is giving up too integration. He would not "subject the sent of U.S. Sen. Herman Talmadge to ter in Sumter County (Americus) was it ;r:;: l» lawyers gave Edenfield-who has quickly. people of Georgia" to a fight with fed­ being named a favorite son were un­ filed by a group of citizens in the Les­ :s'?, Mien associated with the defense in an "We ought to fight to maintain our eral troops as in Little Rocle to prevent successful. lie-DeSoto area. .!t'r.: Atlanta desegregation case before a # # # '~era! court-a minute-long standing .,.. _ oration as he concluded. his 40-minute c.;, i mg speech and about 100 lined up at r.:; it.e speaker's table to congratulate the MISSOURI i:;es!J w association president. 1 • ·.::. STRESSED OPEN SCHOOLS Ill '.:"""" &lenfield emphasized that he was St. Louis Stages Crash Program Reading, Spelling ~·~ ~ as a segregationist-not as an ·ipen school advocate" and not as a ST. LOUIS, Mo. William Kottmeyer, assistant superin­ this will probably have to be modified other anti-American groups as some ..... ~en integrationist" - although he CRASH PROGRAM IN remedial tendent of instruction in charge of ele­ in individual cases to suit the needs of southerners have charged. - • llressed the importance of open mentary and special education. employers. Interviewed on the '·News Spoilight" ._::.;:! A reading and spelling for 2,000 program on commercial television sta­ -· • schools. The participating students were se­ Ten counselors will be employed to "":-" The effect of Georgia's present segre- elementary school children was lected before the close of the academic compile data on part-time jobs in the tion KTVI, Ervin asserted that the sit­ ~~ iition Jaws is "ironic," he said, adding inaugurated by the St. Louis year by principals. All are from the area. It is expected that most of the ins have captured the interest of the ".:. :hat they make it easier, not harder, Board of Education at the close of area of the Pruitt, Vaughn and Igoe jobs will be in the field of distributive Negro conununity "and most of us '"Negro litigants. spring semester. public housing projects. business, such as grocery, department (Negroes) feel keenly this is a positive The board also announced an­ and drug stores. sign." For the first time, he said, "college "'- Those cases that were Jost by the SECURED COi.'JSENT lilfendants, he said, "were lost not only other special program for next fall The "reluctant learners" will be students are rallying around something Principals conferred with parents or grouped in small classes for English significant." t'::i:.:: 111 spite of local segregation statutes, to combat the high rate of with­ guardians of the pupils involved, Kott­ The educator said "the large influx C! !:r !art in every instance were lost because and social studies. Their other courses drawals by high school youngsters meyer said. They explained the program are to be determined by their employers of Negroes in St. Louis from the South "':ff/. al them. I found, in fact, that while when they reach the compulsory and secured consent and assurance that and counselors, and the courses will be must be absorbed here as in other large ; ::21" 1 dlool board may or may not win a school attendance age limit of 16. the pupils would attend regularly for related to their type of work. These cities to maintain adequate living con­ i::-...-::i: !Choo! suit if the state has no (segrega­ (See "School Boards and School­ the duration of the program, he con­ other subjects will be both academic ditions." ·or ~ :ion) laws, it is absolutely and utterly men.") tinued. and vocational. This influx, he continued, is the result :iH~mpossible to win if it does have such The students attend classes daily from bws." A 25-year-old Negro has become of a variety of reasons. Some of the a:?:¢ t\.~L • ed • 8: 30 a.m. until noon. Each teacher has 10 TEACHERS Negroes who migrated to this area "are "\'it; rw-wer, Edenfield contmu , m the first of his race to be admitted about 30 pupils assigned to him. Spe­ Counselors will visit the pupils al the more aggressive ones," some come ,,. ·::. stales where segregation Jaws exist, to the apprentice-training pro­ cially prepared materials were given to their jobs and confer with employers for economic reasons and better educa­ is no conceivable situation in '"':a;; 'lbere gram for sheet metal workers in teachers to use in working with the about their progress. They also will go tional opportunities and still others are school board win." School "°"er; ~hich a can St. Louis. (See "Miscellaneous.") children. Teachers will be expected to into homes for consultation with par­ seeking a new kind of life. l ,, ~tion suits in Georgia, Louisiana, progress with each group as rapidly as ents. Ten specially selected classroom :t~ Florida and Virginia, where segregation possible, Kottmeyer said. teachers will be used in the program. hs exist or were formerly on the It is hoped, Kottmeyer said, that as "We will not attempt to teach just ~ks, he said, prove "that where a a result of the program "most of the vocational skills, but hope that we can itale by its solemn statutes admits and group of 2,000 culturally deprived pupils motivate these young people to improve rlltl brags that enforced segrt-gation is will develop enough independence to their reading, writing and arithmetical being practiced there is nothing left for adjust to our city school curriculum to skills," declared Robert L. Baker, direc­ the court to decide and a blanket in­ Two special programs for culturally the extent that their school experience tor of secondary education. The West End Community Conference illllction follows automatically." deprived children will be financed by can become one of satisfaction and Hickey said the project will be made received an award from the St. Louis Negroes have consistently Jost their Ford Foundation grants totaling $137 ,- profit." Furthermore, he added, "the a regular part of the high school pro­ Civil Liberties Committee at the com­ lpPeal.s for "blanket relief" in North 025, Supt. of Instruction Philip J. Hickey program should mean that the teaching gram if the experiment is a success mittee's annual meeting. The conference Carolina and Alabama, where there said. problems in the schools which these after one year. Total cost of the project is a volunteer organization representing ill'e no state segregation Jaws, the bar One grant for $45,025 is for financing pupils attend during the year will be will be $174,500, with the Ford Founda­ an area of more than 25,000 white and ~tion president said. the six-week remedial reading and considerably minimized." tion paying $92,000 and the Board o[ Negro residents from Delmar to Page spelling program for students .in the In addition to the Ford Foundation Education the remaining $82,500. boulevards and Union Boulevard to FRINGE BENEFITS' Banneker District and schools m that grant, the program required a $13,900 Hodiamont Avenue. Without segregation Jaws, plaintiffs vicinity. The district, which enc~m­ contribution from the Board of Educa­ It was cited by the Civil Liberties t--!ULY 1960-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS WEST VIRGINIA .\) SOUTH CAROLINA ;/ Thurmond Renamed Integration Leader Dies; l'r To U. S. Senate Seat Plans Made for Storer Site ~ CHARLESTON, W. Va At th~· t1m<:. the subc?mrnittee "' COLUMBIA, S.C. the northern press for its unfairness. N E OF '.l'HE THREE West Vir­ cons1dt.'nng a bill and a similar Sena" They have failed to attack southern NITED STATES SEN. s TR 0 M ginians who c ha r t e d the pusscd mt•<1sure lo authorize adding~ THURMOND was renominated writers like (Ralph) McGill and (Rod­ O fo1111t·1 collegt.' properly to the Harpe. U ding) Carter for misrepresenting the state's course of school desegrega­ [•'eny monumc.ml. Estimated cost wai by South Carolina Democrats for South. They have failed to attack the tion has died. W. W. Trent, state $300,000. another term following a race that NAACP which collects thousands of school superintendent until 1957, Dr M S. Briscoe of Howard Univ . centered about the effectiveness of dollars from southern Negroes and on1y died June 18 at the age of 82. (See sit), a truskc for Storer, said the~ •·· preaches race hatred and prejudice. Our "School Boards and Schoolmen.") Jegt.' "".as closed aft:r .desel1'.regation toal southern senators in presenting senators have failed to attack the place 111 West V 1 ~·gm1a. Briscoe said~ Department of Justice for devising anti­ Along with then Gov. William the South's case to the nation. C. Marland, now a coal company colh:i.w property is owned by the North Thurmond won by a better than South legislation while neglecting pros­ t•rn Baptist Convention and that iro: ecution of Adam Clayton Powell. ..." executive in Illinois, and F ederal eight-to-one margin over an 80- Judge Ben Moore, now deceased, cc:eds from the sale would go to ,, Virginia Union University at . year-old opponent who had con­ CONCEDED DEFEAT Trent laid the groundwork for the Ri~ Va .. and to Alderson-Broaddus Coll~ > tended that the incumbent had In conceding his defeat on the night school desegregation program. been an ineffective foe of civil of June 14, Herbert said: "I have studied at P hilippi, W Va · -· the race problem in the South for years J. STROM THURMOND After the Supreme Court r uled The S la le Board of Education awardej ~, · rights legislation and integration. in H.154, Marland ordered com­ (See "Political Activity.") and I am convinced we should have the Re-Elected S enator four contracts on J une 2 for construe. : :.:i respect and confidence and not the pliance and Trent carried out his tion of a women's dormitory and d~ ~o The Negro school population in blame of this nation for what we have changed. Il remains convinced that edict. Later, Judge Moore made hall al Slwpherd College. Tola) cost w;,i "' the City of Charleston now has done." 1,783 Negro students are smart enough holdout counties comply by ruling S!'i75.27G ~ reached 70 per cent of the total Thw·mond campaigned on his total to acquire in one high school an educa­ in the celebrated Greenbrier case In other action at the June mee~ (See "School Boards and School­ record. He cited his persistent stand tion equal to that acquired by 1,528 that Negr oes should be allowed t o the board made a move that even~ men.") against integration, called attention to white students scattered among three enter voluntarily the schools of may mean colleges will be allol hll'e sonw non- citizens as faculty A one-time South Carolina fed­ speeches made in and out of Congress, high schools." their choice. eral judge and figure in several and to other actions in behali of segre­ bcrs. In the past, according to gation. He also enumerated other major West Virginia's Me thodi::. l Church, secr<.'tary H. K . Baer, the board court actions over integration has issues such as national defense and do­ biggest in the state, com mitted itsell to jectcmocratic State Committee .::=! without opposition. writing a book, '·Mountaineer Educa­ set Aug 12 as the date for the Demi-::. , about a little fat guy making a speech." tion." cralic convention. Al a recent reorgom- ~­ This year, Herbert provided unex­ Jim Henderson, program chairman for The manuscript was completed re­ zational meeting here civil rights pected opposition by entering the race the Kiwanis Club, said he was embar­ cently and had been sent to a Cha rleston at the last minute. rassed over the development but that not mentioned . More than half a million dollars was printing company. P ublicallon w<.s During a curtailed campaign, Herbert the board of directors, considering the scheduled for about Aug. 1. charged Thurmond with having failed approved for construction of white and protests, had decided that "it might Negro schools in South Carolina by the For the most part the book is an auto­ to adequately present the South's cause harm Kiwanis." biography with an account of t he de­ to the nation. The 80-year-old attorney State Educational Finance Commission at its June meeting. The allocation of HONOR AUTHOR velopment of the public scho:>J system entered the race admitting little hope from the time when Trent himseh fi rst $575,323 brought to $200,744,6149 the total On June 7, a group of some 400 South of victory but hoping to persuade South attended a one- room school. Carolinians that Sen. Thurmond and of funds earmarked for school construc­ Carolinians attended a testimonial din­ his southern colleagues had not made tion and improvement under the state's ner at Columbia honoring W. D. Work­ T rent was president of Broad .ius Cc.1- The commencement speaker at Wd an able presentation in behalf of the equalization and expansion program, man Jr., author of "The Case For the lege (now Alderson-Broaddus) for five Virginia State College criticized Cl Ci South. Herbert charged: launched in 1951. South." Sponsors for the dinner in­ and a half years before being elected position taken by President Eisenhore ~. state school su perintende nt. He wc..s "Our senators have failed to attack Figures released June 8 by the cluded the governor, both U. S. sena­ on sit- in demonstrations. ~ Charleston city school board disclosed tors, college presidents, and others nomina ted nine limes and elected six Addressing the 65th annual ccc.· that Negroes constitute 70 per cent of prominent in the state's political, civic times as state superintendent. nwncemcnt of the fotmerly all-Negro ~ the total enrollment of the city schools and business life. Over the years, Trent's motto was college.'. Mrs Justme Wise Poller, iud? • "Schools For All Our Children " In at present. That ratio is about a per­ J. J. Kilpatrick, editor of the Rich­ of a New York domestic relations court .. slate office, he believed that his ma~or centage point higher than for the pre­ mond News Leader and author of "The said: , Missouri accomplishments were a contribution t'.l ceding year. Sovereign States," was principal speaker "II is indC'ed tragic that the Presided desegregation of the public s;:hools, an (Continued From Page D) Final statistics for the school year just al the dinner. of tht• United States is reported U> bal'I ;, ended show that of the 12,561 students increase in the school opportun ities of viewed the problems of the sit-ins Ii authorities following an investigation of enrolled in Charleston schools, 8,806 are rural children, and a general improYt'­ only a local matter for local au thori~ ., reports made by two 16-year-old girls Negro, an increase of 246 Negroes over ment in the teaching profession. Nothing could be further from . and the 15-year-old student. He was OFFICIAL RESIGNS truth. · The international position ~ last year. White enrollment dropped 11 adviser to the student camera club at from 3,950 last year to 3,755 this June. A. Clinton Loy, superin tendent or the AmNica and its moral integrity are Soldan High School, which is integrated. Hampshire County schools, Connally stake. lli:i DREW LE'ITER submitted his resigna tion to the county "This was recognized by Gov. ~ 11 The published report of the racial school board on June 11. It was accepted t Fla.) \\hen he staled that moral rig!! • i:' ~/'0-~ Retired federal Judge J. Waties War­ immediately. proportions in Charleston drew the fol­ ing, formerly of Charleston but now of and the principals of brotherhood al! lowing letter to the editor of the News New York, has donated his per sona l Three weeks be fo re, the board dis­ iiwolved in th<:s<.' issues. To the ~ and Courier from Roy Wilkins, execu­ missed Loy by a 3-2 decision. Lov and pl•ople of the South who have : · .: MISCELLANEOUS files to Howard University. The 80-year­ • U> fact tive secretary of the NAACP: old judge said he was giving the papers the board majority had been im7o1':cd lhC' issues and help<.'d America de!:I in a dispute over school policies. Russell 3 "We here at the NAACP were in­ to Howard because of the "continued them. all m<.'n of principle owe John Gregory, an employe of Ken­ trigued a little at the news account.... interest in the racial question" displayed B. Oa tes, board president, had issued of grntitudc," nedy and Sons Sheet Metal Shops, has "One of the most popular theses of the by the predominantly Negro institution. a sta tement listing ch arges against Loy. become the first Negro to be admitted segregationists is that desegregation who promptly fi red back with counter He added that the papers would be for charges. to the apprentice-training program for causes white people to flee the cities use by "anyone who wants to write on sheet metal workers in St. Louis. He with their youngsters, leaving the the rise of the Negro's status. I think A hearing on the cha rges had het•n will start classes in September. schools to become all-Negro. Has they will have some historical value scheduled for June 24, but Loy and t he Gregory, 25 years old, enrolled al Charleston done something that has for anyone doing r esearch in racial board la ter agreed to drop all chan~ts . O'Fallon Technical High School after escaped our watchful eye? Has this old, studies." Loy was thereafter reinstated . the registration from the U. S. Depart­ gracious and civilized city at last volun­ Judge Waring is best r emembered in ment of Labor. Arthur Kennedy, owner teered the gracious, just and civilized South Carolina as the author of a deci­ of the shop, said this marks the result act-desegregation of its public schools? sion opening up Democratic primaries of a 10-year fight to receive certifica­ What a thing that would be, and how to Negro participation and as the dis­ tions for a Negro firm. Kennedy's con­ like the proud Charlestonians who care senting judge on a three -court panel cern is a non-union shop. not what happens in Waycross or Ra­ which upheld (in 1951) the constitu­ The certification permits Kennedy to leigh or Amarillo or New York? tionality of racially separate schools in enroll one apprentice in the training "But we were dreaming, as the para­ the state. The Harpers Ferry National Monu­ program. Gregory will study at the graph on high schools made clear. ment would gain much in h istonc lands At Rock Hill, small groups of Negroes by the addition of now closed Storer O'Fallon school four hours a week and Burke, the one Negro high school, (mostly students) continued to stage undergo an extensive training program. gained 130 students and had an enroll­ College to its acreage, F rank E. Harri­ intermittent demonstrations a ~ainst seg­ son, ass1st._anl director of t he National The Board of Education has contended ment of 1,783, while, says the News and regation at lunch counters. Arthur Courier, 'The three white high schools Park Service, told a U.S. House interioi· it does not control admissions to the Hamm, a student leader of the demon­ subcommittee. training program, although it operntes in the city dropped from an enrollment strations, and the Rev. C. A. Ivory were the school. The board said it only pro­ of 1,S82 last year to 1,528 when schools Ha rrison contended that government arrested when they r efused lo leave the purchase of the property would provide vides facilities and teachers. closed last week- a loss of 54 students.' lunch counter at a variety store. also a needed eastern training center # # # "Of course, Charleston has not # # # for park personnel. SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS-JULY 1960-PAGE II

M8RYLAND from his long service to Somerset schools and his place as superintendent - will be taken by John L. Bond, who has Teacher Groups Merge; Integration Steps Set been supervisor of secondary education. ~ -·~· integration. How did the year go? The solidation program, and indirectly part interchanging observations by teachers answer is supplied by County School of its desegregation program, the two­ and pupils among our schools as well as THE COLLEGES "" :\ Supt. Ralph R. Webster: room Bengies Elementary School was music assembly programs." IN "In Allegany County we still have closed in June. The 39 pupils who re­ In another Eastern Shore county­ problems in education of course but mained in the school will be assigned Dorchester-all musical programs, as­ The first Negro woman to be admitted integration is not a~ong them.' The next fall to predominantly white schools, semblies and athletic events are open to the School of Medicine 0£ the Uni­ ?ast school yeai- found us completely along with their teachers. The county "by choice" to all people. Also, all versity of Maryland, Lois Adelaide integrated, both students and teachers. school board in June voted to turn the county teachers' meetings called by the Young, graduated in June. Dr. Young "The people of Allegany County de­ Bengies school over to use by the Ben­ County Board of F.ducation are racially is the 25-year-old daughter of Dr. Ralph serve every consideration for their ac­ gies P-TA as a recreation and health combined. J. Young, of Baltimore, who in 1947 be­ ceptance and understanding of the pro­ center. came the first Negro on the staff of the gram as established by the Bliard of Baltimore County, as of last fall, had NON-SEGREGATED BASIS Johns Hopkins University School of Education. Next year our enrollment 77,882 white and 4,056 Negro pupils Somerset County, another Eastern Medicine. will be about 16,000, with about 1.8 per Shore political subdivision, runs all of An honor student and member of Phi cent Negro." About a third of the latter attended pre­ dominantly white schools. its professional school staff meetings, Beta Kappa at Howard University, Baltimore County, just to the north workshops, child study sessions and where she did her undergraduate work, of Baltimo1·e city, also completed a Caroline County on Maryland's East­ similar activities on a non-segregated Dr. Young served as secretary of her school year in which there was little ern Shore has held its annual registra­ basis. The deadline there for Negro medical class at Maryland and was tion period during which Negro pupils new to report on desegregation. Homer transfer applications is August 20. elected to Alpha Omega Alpha. She will 0. Elseroad, assistant superintendent in could apply for transfers to white A recent development in Somerset intern at University Hospital in Balti­ administration said: schools. As has been the case since more and plans to specialize in oph­ desegregation began, no applications was the purchase in late May of a site ··we have virtually nothing to report thalmology. on desegregation in Baltimore County were received, according to County for a new school to replace an outmoded Racial barriers in the graduate schools because fo1· all practical purposes we School Supt. Wilbur S. Hoopengardner. Negro school and to make possible the of the University of Maryland were are a desegregated school system. About Caroline, during the past year, had 3,290 closing of a second school. Pupils at­ one-half of the over 100 schools in Balti­ white and 1,026 Negro pupils in its tending the latter-a two-room struc­ dropped althogether in 1951. The Law School had admitted Negroes by court morn County have enrolled children of school system. tw·e at Venton-will be transported to both races. what will become the new Greenwood order fifteen years previously. The School. The present Greenwood and undergraduate curricula were desegre­ "Our experience indicates that de­ LESSEN RIGIDITY Venton schools are the last two Negro­ gated following the Supreme Court de­ segregation in our schools is an estab­ Most of the Eastern Shore school dis­ occupied wooden school buildings in cision of 1954. lished and accepted pa1·t of the life of tricts are in the same situation as Caro­ line: Schools are desegregated in prin­ Somerset. the community and as such has becomt 'LEGACY OF FREEDOM' l.Jesegregauon within the organized ciple but no Negro pupils have applied In response to queries by SOUTHERN normal operations for the school sys­ The principal speaker at the univer­ :eaching profession in Mary land has tem. for transfers. However, other types of SCHOOL NEWS, Somerset Supt. C. Al­ continued with the merger of the steps are being taken to lessen the rig- len Carlson wrote: sity commencement, where a record "We have approximately 15 Negro 2,899 degrees were awarded, was Secre­ white and Negro teachers associations teachers who are teaching in schools idity of segregation lines. In Kent "Enrollments of colored pupils will in Anne Arundel County. Prior to this tary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton, who in which there are a very small number County, for example, School Supt. continue to remain high in the high urged positive action to expand our action, Anne Arundel was one of 14 schools for two or three more years and of Negro children. Baltimore County is Reade W. Corr report: "legacy of freedom." ffl llaryland counties (out of 23) in which then the trend will reverse itself as has opening eight new schools next year "We must see to it," Seaton said, "that u ~ two local associations had been main­ and all, of course, will be opening on a "We are continuing to conduct inte­ already happened in some of the other iained on the basis of race. The state­ desegregated basis." grated meetings, conferences and com­ county schools." R!e parent organization, the Maryland As a step in Baltimore County's con- mittee work on the adult level. We are As of July 31 Carlson will be retired (See MARYLAND, Page 12) Teachers Assn., opened its mem­ ' i p to white and Negro teachers f.m October 1951. Until the change, the Teachers Assn. '- cl Anne Arundel County had been open •• Cll!y to approximately 950 white teach­ OKLAHOMA !l'S. At their final meeting of the school :·!II', the white members voted 3-to-1 r. mfavor of a constitutional amendment that extends membership to some 230 Segro county teachers. A spokesman Desegregation of Satterwhite District School Reported '-'! lw the statewide organization said tllat the action was "signincant' because OKLAHOMA CITY, Okla. State records show Satterwhite had average daily attendance enough to Robinson, personnel director, said he • it has occurred "in a county of Mary­ won't know how many additional Ne­ EDUCED STATE AID for teacher an average daily attendance of 52 for make the district eligible for an addi­ :i.- lmd which traditionally might be con­ gro teachers will be needed at Webster salaries, caused by dwindling grades one through eight in 1958-59. tional teacher in state aid, Christian :;;:- lidered southern in culture." R This is one less than the minimum pointed out. Butner has combined with until he learns how many of the Moon While the membership vote was uni­ attendance, prompted the Satter­ needed to qualify the district for three two other districts (SSN, June 1960) instructors will be requested for Doug­ loteral, officers of the white as~ociation white Elementary District in Gar­ teachers. Since state aid payments are and is interested in building up its fac­ lass High School. Douglass is adding the moved immediately to set up a merger vin County to close its Negro based on the previous year's ADA, ulty, he explained. ninth grade for the first time in the Clllllllittee with officers of the Negro school and desegregate the white Satterwhite had to cut its staff back to Christian also supported the Wewoka fall. group. lhe merger committee reviewed one. (See "School Boards and two teachers in 1959-60 or pay the board's stand that the Negroes who Complicating the situation, Robinson .::: die previous programs and committee Schoolmen. ") salary of the third teacher out of its sought transfers there have proper fa­ said, is the fact conversion of Moon to activities of the two county associations The Sams District in Seminole own budget. The district chose to de­ cilities available to them in that county an elementary building will permit re­ illll outlined a program that would in­ segregate the white school and dismiss seat town. The youngsters live within ducing the pupil load at Page and Dun­ the best from each. County faces probable integration in 1961 as a result of protests filed the Negro teacher. two blocks of the Douglass school in bar schools, thus making a few more result of the merger, 10 counties Wewoka. During the past year they Negro teachers available for duty else­ !timore city now have completely by the Wewoka and Butner boards REMAIN TIDS WAY attended Johnson Grove, riding with where. led professional organizations fo1 of education to transfer of Negro The situation apparently will remain one of its two teachers, Mrs. Mollie Dun­ teachers and school administrators. pupils to the Sams "wing" school. this way for 1960-61. The district's ADA lap, who also lives in Wewoka. The (See "School Boards and School­ for the past year was but 37, so state­ county superintendent conceded the ~EGREGATION MOVES aid payments in the coming year wi11 Wewoka board has allowed the transfers Howard County's stair step desegre­ men.") be based on two teachers. .. ;: (ation program Will reach the ninth- The Oklahoma State Employ­ every year in the past. 1grade level next September, following ment Service, to which many stu­ Thomas said the desegregated student Twenty-five parents filed appeals in .:..- 'reaffirmation of policy by the county dents turn for summer and after­ body at Satterwhite had about 23 Ne­ the refusal of transfers at Johnson • !Choo( board. The first three grades were graduation jobs, announced it is groes and 29 whites. Despite the near­ Grove. A ruling was due June 29 in a The Oklahoma State Employment equal division, the integration was ac­ Service operates offices in 23 cities serv­ ~ed to Negro transfer applications closing separate offices for Negroes hearing before District Judge Bob ~the fall of 1955, grades four and five complished without objection or "com­ Howell at Wewoka. ing all 77 counties. For more than 20 in three cities. (See "Community motion," the schoolman said. years, all but three of the offices have llll956, and since then one grade a year. Action.") leading toward complete desegregation He said the district hopes to boost REDUC~ ENROLLMENT served white and Negro job-seekers on by the fall of 1963. A Tulsa civil rights official charged its average daily attendance a little in Upholding of the protests would seri­ an integrated basis. Transfer applications previously have a serious Negro unemployment problem the coming year by sending a bus inlo ously reduce the Johnson Grove enroll­ The exceptions are Oklahoma City, not been numerous in Howard, whe1·e exists in that city. But an employment the Negro area and picking up a few ment. Christian said the "wing" school Tulsa, and Muskogee. But the OSES U02 Negro pupils represent 16 per cent service spokesman insisted the percent­ Negro pupils who have been trans­ will be left with only about 10 pupil:; announced in June separate offices for of the county school population. In the age of job-seekers registered with the ferring to the Bryant school in the this fall. However, the Sams District Negroes will be closed in those three agency last winter was no greater among ~school year there were 10 Negroes Pernell District. could keep the school in operation dur­ cities this year. In Muskogee both Ne­ Negroes than among whites. (See "Com­ tn three formerly all-white schools. The Satterwhite boosts to about 190 the ing the coming year since its faculty groes and whites will be handled application deadline for current trans­ munity Action.") number of Oklahoma school districts will be based on the past year's ADA. through the central office. In Oklahoma fers is July 1. known to be desegregated. Thus, Johnson Grove could have two City and Tulsa new area office systems . I>Esegregation also extend:. to the teachers-each with a master's degree are being established. lltnth grade next fall in Harford County, TRANSFER PROTE.5TS and drawing $5,000 a year-holding •hich began a grade-a-year plan at The Johnson Grove "wing" school for classes for 10 children. TOOK ISSUE the seventh grade level in 1958 afte1 Negro pupils in the Sams District could The main Sams school, now attended About the time of this announcement, Pteviously desegregating most of its end up next fall with two teachers for only by whites, also has two teachers. the OSES took issue with the chairman elementary schools. Harford, with a 12 only 10 students as a result of transfer of the Tulsa mayor's committee on civil Desegregation ot the ::.atterwhite In 1961-62 the district probably would I-er cent Negro enrollment, has about protests filed in June. rights concerning Negro unemployment. school took place last fall but went un­ be able to qualify for only two teachers •tenth of 1ls 1,861 Negro pupils m fo1 - Ohren Smulian, a department store noticed. The change was discovered in Curtis Christian, Seminole County altogether. Thus, it will either have to lllerly white classes· 195 in a dozen h1- executive, said 2,000 Negro heads of June when State Department of Educa­ superintendent of schools, reported the put the Negroes and whites in the same . 1 schools as of iast fall. families were out of work in Tulsa last tion auditors checked the attendance Butner board protested all but one of building or assign one teacher to Sams '!be eighth grades of all high schools the 37 applications filed by resident and one to Johnson Grove. Christian winter. He said this amounted to a pay­ registers of the district and found only roll loss of four million dollars annually. Anne Arundel County will be open to one register. In past years there had pupils to tl'ansfer out of the district in feels the second alternative is not likely. l Negroes in the fall, with the exception been two, indicating that the student 1960-61. About two-thirds of the appli­ Smulian further charged that only of 0ne junior high where the ninth grade REPLACE FACULTIBS I bodies of the while school and the Mt. cations were from Negro students, he 20 percent of Tulsa firms employ Ne­ also will be included. In the past yea1 Zion Negro school in the district had said. In Oklahoma City, where Negro groes and that many persons of that ~e Arundel had 568 Negroes in 28 been merged. The action was not unexpected teachers will replace white faculties at race are "under-employed," or working ;:erly all-white schools. The county two previously integrated schools this at jobs below their qualifications. B. H. Thomas, Garvin County super­ (SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS, June 1960). . 70 schools in all, and 6,543 Negro fall, the Board of Education personnel intendent of schools, confirmed that However, Christian said protests also The OSES checked its records and PUp1Is. White pupils numbered 32,875. were filed by the Wewoka board to the office was still trying to decide how found only 1,149 Negro job-seekers were to Desegregation . will move downward desegregation went into effect for the many additional Negro teachers will be 1959-60 school year. He explained Sat­ transfer applications of about seven or registered with the Tulsa office April 1. il'ade nme m Dorchester County. required. The change will be made at terwhite had formerly qualified for eight Negroes. In both cases the Negroes That was the highest total recorded dur­ Where the top three grades have been sought permission to attend Johnson Webster Junior High School and Cul­ ing the winter. The agency conceded ~ed in three successive years. No three teachers. Two wel'e assigned lo the bertson Grade School. Both once had white school and one to Mt. Zion. After Grove as they have in the past. a record unemployment because of an ~ fer ~pplications previously have all-white student bodies but became enrollment fell during the school unusually severe winter. But it wisted in n received. Dese;-l regation also takes 19~8-59 BOARDS integrated in 1955 and now have prac­ year, the district could qualify for only UPHELD the percentage of job-seekers was no l"l.lhe remaining elementary grades 111 tically all Negro pupils. two teachers for 1959-60 and the school The county superintendent upheld higher among the Negroes than among '-narles Countv both protesting boards. He accepted the In a general revamping of attendance the whites. The Tulsa Negro office placed ISWit}, all 30J. of its Ne1 ro pupils in boal'd decided to put all the students in one building. The Mt. Zion school is Butner board's explanation that it is areas in the city's east side, Moon, a workers on 7,481 jobs out of 38,045 filled i formerly all-white schools dur- located in a Negro settlement about to the best interest of the home district Negro junior high, will be made an in 1959. In Oklahoma City the figures .• ng Uie past vcar Alleganv Countv in that the pupils attend school there. elementary school. Much of its faculty were 6,425 jobs filled by Negroes out "este · ' J • two and one-half miles aw;iy from the 6 rn Maryland became the state's Their enrollment will boost Butner's will switch over to Webster. Gilbert of 50,781 placements. # # # rst school district to have 100 per cent Satterwhite school. PAGE 12-JULY 1960-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS \ ScalL'd added: y Maryland "We abo know that SUCC€s.sive \\' Louisiana oi unmi~ration from Europe and ebe" .tiJ (Continued From Page 11) where have had to endure, for a . • ·\ (Continued From Page 1) dberiminations which certainly ~ no man is uniustly discrir;iina~ed ag~i~s~ not a crl•dit to the people frorn "1~ outspoken of the board members on socially o1 politically or m ~ b~smess nations who had arrh·ed before th Other demands for continued segregation. . .111 the schoolroom of lus children. 01 h ·d 1 toward '.'Despite these derelicti?ns in ci~. Wagner said: Thal is the core of t e 1 ca . "Interposition is just about the ship, howev~r, the American record •"' which ou1· republic has groped, halt1~el:. human relations has been a gOOd ~ harshest remedy that could ever be sometimes, but J.ll'rsistently cvc1· smcL called into play. I would be very l'\'en a superb one when compared Jts bt·ginning." . that of the other nations ?f the wor~ hesitant to use this method, as I be­ AcL'i of discri111inat1011 agamst Nt'.- lieve the board has not completely ex­ Wt• can be proud that, bit by bit 3ll grot>S, Senion sai?, "have long k~~l th1: through our history we have pe~· hausted other methods open to it." nation involved 111 a profound .~t i u~g!c ently engaged in reducing the gap:· /! But Rittiner, who expressed the be­ fo • the maslt·1·y of its own soul.. P~m. - lief that New Orleans schools will be 1 tween what we believe an.I what 'N: ing as well lo acts of religious d1scnm1~. l'rnchce toward our fellow men." integrated after some period of closw·e nation "for which we must be ashamed, in September, declared at the board meeting that the people of New Or­ leans should be informed "what is ahead." ~ ofT referee suits in the 63 other parishes GOVERNOR'S STATEMENT ROUSING VOTE DEFEATS MOTION TO ADJOURN of Louisiana. Davis, at a weekly press conference, P-TA President, Mrs. Edwin R. Guidry, Left, Offered Motion said interposition would be the last re­ Mayor J . Harold Grady in June ai;. ; sort. pointed four new members lo the Balli. ) He declined to say whether he would procuring the admission of several stu­ gerous expedient," the church group more Board of School Commissioners. use interposition or whether he would dents of the colored race into a special said. including Mrs. Frank Phillips, a Negro close New Orleans public schools if all school newly organized for opening this 5) The President's Co - op e r a ti v e She is mother of two public school chi!. other legal steps fail to prevent inte­ coming year. School Club, representing 52 parent dren and works for the Afro-America,.· · newspapers. gration. "The issue was discussed by a com­ groups, failed to take action when The Louisiana House of Representa­ l\frs. Phillips became lhe sole repn, Davis said he was working with Atty. petent committee with the result that pushed for a vote on whether schools tives passed 82-0 a bill authorizing ~e scntativc of her race on the Gen. Jack P. F. Gremillion in the belief the students in question could not be should be opened or closed. Mrs. Adam nine. governor to close any or all publ~c member board. A previous Negro tnem. that several legal avenues may yet be admitted since no definite plan for in­ Cooper held that all clubs were not schools in Louisiana if one of them is ber had resigned. The city school open to the school board. tegrating Catholic schools was at the represented and suggested individual enroll. integrated. . . mcnt is 50 per cent Negro and will b( "Interposition would be the last thing moment anticipated. clubs make their wishes known to the Explaining the law which awaits right before secession,'' Davis said. above that mark next fall. ' school board. Senate action, Rep. John S. Garrett, The governor avoided a direct an­ NO DATE SET Other appointees were Samuel E 6) The South Louisiana Citizens chaimrnn of the joint legislative com­ swer on whether he would close the stein, president of a department sto~ ' "Archbishop Rummel has not up to Council suggested the sale of Orleans mittee on segregation, said: schools (rather than have integration) Mrs. !VJ. Richmond Farring, who is ac the present time set a definite date for public school properties to private "The present law gives the. governor as he is empowered to do under state the integration of the Catholic schools. live in civic affairs; and Henry P. In .. corporations to avoid integration. the authority to close any parish school president of Baltimore Federal Savq law. His reference in a pastoral letter to the svstem ordered integrated by federal "The school board can sell school and Loan Assn. and Colonial Title Gua.- ~ possibility of integration in September c~urts ... Under the new bill he could SETS OFF CONTROVERSY 1957 clearly stated that integration buildings and facilities to interested antce Co. Rittiner touched off a controversy close all the public schools in the would be postponed at least until Sep­ corporations for private school conver­ with a statement in a television news sion," said the council. "The same state.'' tember 1957. This does not imply that Gov. Davis signed into law one bloc conference that integration in New Or- integration would actually take place in teachers can teach in the private schools with the same pay. The state of the mass of segregalion bills intro­ September 1957, certainly not as long duced in the Legislature since it opened as the difficulties referred to in the simply picks up the tab at no extra in May. context had not been overcome. The cost. This program is now operating procedures which we are at the present in Prince Edwa rd County, Va." SOVEREIGNTY COMMISS101' time witnessing in the controversy over 7) The Southeastern Louisiana Chap­ Organized picketing during June Pf :;:"• One of the bills now law establishes ter of the National Assn. of Social more than lhe customary heat on ~ , the integration of public schools cer­ a sovereignly commission of 13 mem­ tainly prove that our misgivings are not Workers went on record "strongly rec­ Baltimore City Council to pass ~ bers to protect stales' rights and segre­ imaginary. ommending the maintenance of our Dixon bill aimed at eliminating racu ' gation against federal encroachment. "The archbishop has given no intima­ public education system." discrimination in employment and pub • The governor has not said how tion to the authors of the letter that lie accommodations. A hardy pro~ - much money he will give the commis­ Catholic schools would definitely be in­ P-TA CLASH of several years' standing, the Dixo ' sion to operate. The commission would tegrated in September 1960." The New Orleans Council of the Pa­ bill has had the formal support of u ~ have broaJ powers to subpoena wit­ The belief in New Orleans is that rent-Teacher Assn. had a major clash to 100 civic and brotherhood organiu­ nesses and conduct investigations and DAVIS RITI'INER Catholic schools will follow the same over the question of whether schools tions But more recently, it has to maintain secret records. plan of integration used for public should be kept open despite integra­ taken up by a younger group of backet leans public schools cannot be avoided Other bills signed by the governor schools but that Catholic schools tion. mainly students at Morgan State Co: and there is no answer to the problem provide penalties for unlawful activi­ would not close iI the public schools IC'ge. except to comply with Judge Wright's On May 31 the council adopted a re­ ties around business establishments. do so. The students, under lhe banner o! tl order if schools are to remain open. solution calling for a concerted effort to Others in lhe package make it a DeSPite his declaration that he be­ keep the schools open. Civic Interest Group, have picketed....­ crime to give birth lo an illegitimate onlv Citv Hall but also several dowt lieves integration is coming, Rittiner But on June 8 the council met and child, make a common-law marriage a to...;n re;taurnnts, including the favori also expressed the opinion that schools declared the passage of the resolution crime, and would discourage Negro IL meetin~ place of politicians. They hal will not open their doors in Septem­ null and void. voting complaints by making it illegal /II ber. filled the City Council gallery, placm Mrs. Edwin R. Guidry, president, was to make false statements in such cases. But he said under state law this de­ in hand, on successive Mondays, urgir upheld in a ruling, 44 to 37, that the cision is up to the Legislatille and not support of the bill that would give sul resolution had been improperly sub­ K EY MEASURE up to the school board. A legislative The bill which Davis forces say is poena and enforcement powers to ti New Orleans, suddenly awakened to mitted and was not in accordance with committee has the right to designate the key to lheir legislative package is Equal Employment Opportunity Con ;. the school issue, flooded newspapers club rules. She maintained that the whether schools are for white or Negro mission, created in 1957, and extend i with statements. merits and demerits of the resolution past the House but not the Senate. students. The state courts say the law I rovince to restaurants, hotels ac The majority of statements from were not in question. It sets up new voter qualifications in is constitutional, the federal courts say places of entertainment and recreation clerical and school groups favor a As tempers flared there were charges the stale and would bar the registration it is not. In a flurry of compromise moves tl policy of keeping schools open deSPite that "this is not democracy." of illiterates to vote after the Nov. 8 Wagner, in an equal-time interview integration of the first grade, a plan general election. City Council on June 27 gave a 14-t.o­ following Rittiner's appearance on the "There is a proper way of doing \'Ole of approval to a stripped-do'• ordered by the federal district court. things," declared Mrs. Guidry. The bill is a constitutional amend­ city's educational Citizen Council groups, however, ment requiring a two-thirds vote of the Dixon bill that eliminated the publii She had the edge in vote but a rump television channel, stood firmly against any form of inte­ Senate before it can be voted on in accommodations provisions and gave tl session was held by dissatisfied council declared: gration. And the only poll of any the Nov. 8 general election. EEOC subpoena power under cou members who sought to face the issue ''I feel the magnitude, taken in May by the school The bill would deny franchises to su ~ ervision. The compromise versi< head-on so that what they termed the ha I the support of Mayor J. schools will open board, showed white parents stood persons who have been convicted of a Hard "tragedy'' of closed schools could be Grndy and the Sunpapers. The itsf in September if on eight to one in favor of school closure felony and have not received a pardon, bill avoided. hears the name of Councilman no other basis rather than integration. who have been sentenced to 90 days Wall than under in ja il more than once for a misde­ D1x;m, only Negro member oI Bait the sovereignty of DEVELOPMENTS meanor other than a game or traffic mor<''s 21-man legislative body. the state of Louis­ Here are some of the developments violation; lived in a common law mar­ # # iana and the cloak in June as New Orleanians awaited a riage or sired or given birth to an il­ of the governor." final decision from the school board, legitimate child within five years. Wagner de- WAGNER the Legislature, or the governor on Books And clared that Negroes have not earned what will happen in September. first-class citizenship. 1) Bishop Girault M. Jones and 25 "First-class citizenship is earned," he other members of the Episcopal clergy The U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Ap­ The Issue said. "I can't confer it. And what I am in New Orleans adopted a resolution peals denied a request by the Orleans The library at Southern Edu.catil trying to do, and want to do, is help urging schools be kept open. The re­ Parish school board for a stay of a Reporting Service recently TeceitH the Negro earn his first-class citizen­ solution said in part: district court order to desegregate the ship. White citizens have carved out a "The present crisis in Orleans parish firsl grade of public schools in Sep­ these books: rugged empire from the wilderness. is making our parents more and more tember. Camille F. Gravel Jr., Louisiana LAW AS LARGE AS LIFE You can't say that of the Negro." aware of the dilemma we face in the Judges Elbert Pa.iT Tuttle and John Democratic committeeman, and two of by Charles P. Curtis. Simon and Scliu event closure of our schools is forced Minor Wisdom concurred in the de­ the state's principal segregation lead­ te:r, 211 pp., $3.50. SITUATION CLOUDED by a rule of fear ... We believe that cision and Judge Ben F. Cameron dis­ ers head for Los Angeles and a fight Charles P. Curtis, a Boston la\\Y The Catholic school situation was as interposition by the governor is but a sented. at the Democratic national convention. and aulhor of a study of the Supren In Washington, the U.S. Supreme clouded as was that in the public prelude to the complete collapse of Gravel, a segregation moderate, has Court, proposes a new Natural Law~ Court struck down a lower court ruling schools. local initiative in the ad.ministration of announced he will challenge the cre­ today and the Supreme Court as I that prevented the Civil Rights Com­ A group of New Orleans Negro par­ our schools." dentials of Leander H. Perez, who was prophet. The proposal is made in a COi mission from pursuing its inquiries in ents said Archbishop Rummel refused 2) Sixteen ministers from 13 of the a leader of the States Rights Pa.i·ly in text of quotations from poets al Louisiana. their request to enter a group of 14 churches of the United Church of 1948, and of William M. Rainach, who judges, philosphers and wits, and the< A challenge to the commission was "above average ability'' Negro boys in Christ Ministerium declared "we be­ has been advocating that unpledged logians. the new Christian Brothers school lieve that to close the schools rather made by Louisiana Atty. Gen. J ack P. electors be placed on the Louisiana scheduled to open in September in city than obey the law would bring nothing F. Gremillion. But the lower court de­ ballot. GO SOUTII- WmI CHRIST park. but disaster to our community." cision which Gremillion had won in According to Gravel, both men have hy Vetress Bon Edwards. Exp0siti< The group said that the archbishop 3) The Committee for Public Educa­ Louisiana was upset by a 7-2 vote of taken action contra.iy to the good of Press, 85 pp., $3.00. in several conferences "reiterated that tion was organized with the purpose the Supreme Court. the Democratic party. Traces lhe history of the Negro fro this isn't the time to integrate due to o{ preserving New Orleans Public At Shreveport, U.S. Atty. Gen. The Democratic state central com­ 1he first slaves arriving in 1619 to ~ material losses that may be incurred schools and of pursuing "every legal William P. Rogers filed a voter referee mittee adopted a resolution which nrcsent, and argues in favor of int by the Catholic school and church." means to prevent the closure, temp­ suit against Mrs. Pauline Culpepper, would pledge the delegation to stand 1~ration. Archbishop Rummel replied in a orarily or otherwise" of the schools. Bienville Parish registrar of voters, and behind Perez, district a ttorney of St. ;)QUTHERN TRADITION AND REC statement to Catholic Action, a publica­ 4) The Presbytery of New Orleans the Assn. of Citizens Councils of Lou­ Bernard and Plaquemines parishes, and IONAL PROGRESS tion of the archdiocese of New Orleans, of the Presbyterian Church urged the isiana, Inc. Rainach, former chairman of the joint by \t'illiam H. Nicholls. The Universi in which he set out his position on the governor and the school board to "use It was believed the suit was the first legislative committee on segregation. of North Carolina Press, 202 Pl long-debated question of whether every expedient at their command to time the 1960 civil rights act has been The resolution was interpreted as a $5.00. Catholic schools should integrate. keep the public schools open." put into action by the federal govern­ move to draw Louisiana out of the Analvzcs non- economic factors "The conferences to which the au­ "To withhold the benefit of a public ment. Democratic ranks, but Gov. Jimmie H. southe;n tradition that have been ba thors refer were held," the archbishop school education from any child, to Louisiana Atty. Gen. Gremillion filed Davis, chairman of the 26-vote Louisi­ riers to material progress in the Soul said, "not with the general view of in­ prevent any community by punitive a counter suit seeking to dismiss the ana delegation to Los Angeles said he The author finds that the race issUe h; tegrating Catholic schools in September means from carrying out its educational suit against Mrs. Culpepper and the is opposed lo any walkout. ' dominated a ll aspects of southern trad 1960, but simply with the possibility of responsibilities is an unwise and dan- Citizens Council and further to ward # # # hon. # # SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS-JULY 1960-PAGE 13 ~ overnor Appoints Negro to New Commission on Public Education LOUISVILLE, K) an the commissioners na~ed to four-year When President Rufus B . Atwood Kentucky Legislature. the same time. In an interim terms. The others were Dr. Lyman V. dismissed the two teachers, he said he on its continuing investiga­ Ginczer. dean of the University of Ken­ was acting under board regulations af­ fecting temporary appointees whose ," tWHAJ., THEY SAY ' ~~ the Kentucky Civil Liberties tucky College of Edue:ition and former :· #~"'~"~~ '· ... ~ .. },...\ president of the National Education tenure could be terminated at his dis­ - o:.:i:: ·ion held that the regents' rules cretion. In a long interim review of the For 12 years Mayor C. Pralle Erni · which the two teachers Assn., a nd the Rt. Rev. Msgr. John Paul G. Blazer, Ashland industrialist Elsaesser, school superintendent of the case generally sympathetic to Atwood, has been paying for picnics in Louis­ and philanthropist for whom the li­ fired "are of doubtful val­ Covington Catholic Diocese. the Kentucky Civil Liberties Union ville for the school children of New brary at Kentucky State College is ~" (See "In the Colleges.") held the board's rules to be "of doubt­ Albany, just across the Ohio River named, told 89 KSC graduates that THREE-YEAR TERMS ful validity" because state law makes Crom Louisville. Buses took white chil­ . Combs, who in June r eiterated Negroes should develop a racial pride Those named to three-year terms no distinction between temporary and dren to Fontaine Ferry Park (privately similar to that of American Jews and port of the Supreme Court's de­ permanent faculty members in requir­ owned), Negro children to Louisville's tion rulin~ , announced he would were Rucker Todd, Louisville attorney "maintain their racial identity." By so and chairman of the J efferson County ing ten-day notice and appeals pro­ Chickasaw Park. doing, he said, American Negroes could rt Lyndon Johnson for the Demo­ vision. presidential nomination. On June School Board; Mrs. Dorcas Willis, a This year, on June 2, four buses establish goals of achievement "which The KCLU investigation, headed by were waiting at Griffin Elementary the state Democratic convention Bourbon County high school teacher; will permit full expression of their use­ Dr. Louis Kesselman of the University School to take Negro picnickers to an uninstructed slate of dele­ and Eel J . P axton Jr., editor of the Pa­ ful talents in many fields." ducah Sun-Democrat. of Louisville, is continuing. Chickasaw. But some 75 parents and Any marked development toward virtually all in aweement with The instructors were dismissed and children heeded the appeal of four Ne­ . (See "Political Activity.") Two-year appointmC'nts went to John racial "assimilation and absorption," he Fred Williams. Ashland oilman and 12 students expelled May 1. gro ministers, all pastors of churches said, "would result in violence and a arles W. Anderson Jr., an attor­ former state superintendent of public On May 2, fire destroyed the college in New Albany, not to participate be­ disastrous conflict." who scored most of Kentucky's instruction: Burl St. Clair , president of gymnasium. State police said it was a cause the segregated picnic "is damag­ Kentucky's school integration, he firsts," was killed in a traffic the Kentucky Farm Bureau Federa­ case of arson. ing good relations in our schools be­ said, "has progressed in a more or­ ent. (See "Miscellaneous.") tion: and Han-y Caudill, chairman of tween the two races." derly fashion than in states either to ul G. Blazer, Ashland industrialist the House committee which last win­ Erni asked why the ministers hadn't the north or to the south,'' and he ex­ philanthropist, in a commencement ter sharply criticized the state's edu­ apprised him of their objections earlier. pressed confidence that "gradually at Kentucky State College, cational system. They said they had tried but were un­ Kentucky Negroes will be given posi­ on Negroes to develop a racial Seven of the commissioners are On June 25 at their state convention able io get in touch with him all week. tions of increasing responsibility." e similar to that of American Jews Dl'mocrats, two Republicans. The Leg- in Louisville, Kentucky Democrats The Rev. C. 0. Newton, pastor of # # #

outhern School News Index, July 1959 Through June 1960 Ala chs a bndn pvt sch idea S 6 :4 • 175 Ark Ng chs ell for for seqr bus pssnc;i" M 5:5 16:1 • Farley Smith, SC exec sec: B pen schs S 15:2 • Pulaski Co (Ark) Asso xpls Broadmoor ch dmnstrlns wll Id lo violnc Mv 3:5 • Jackson Miss o ff rs nsurnc A BAR ASSOCIATIONS occnt poslrs sec;ir oclvlys N 6:3 • Tex Cnvnln agnsl un·Chrstn to spur mbrshp My 1:3 • N 0 encl asks nvstc;itn of nw opn Vo a»o brngs brdnl scgrqln1t S 5:2 • Tlls Ctzns Cncl of Mnfslo," ltr dfeold D 14:2-3 • Ga de legs adpt ev1uiv rprt on segr s!id· sr•~ y crtcl oil opp1tn 0 3:2-1 • M;ss gov· CIVIL RIGHTS Bill afrior but mprvng J y 5:1·5 • Hansen: dr to rais trek 3 0 deseg D 16:2-3 • Ga Cnvntn nwsppr urgs opn schs F 2-3 • Hous com vis out cmprmis bll ·l sen com dloys a ctn Jy 1:1 .2 • llq 2:4 • Baltimore Sch 87 Inds mstlv Nqs in lw lvl, elct .ows lnM oqnsl mdrts J 7:1 • In inauc;irl addrs tones dwn NC Bop Pres Deane Ills mn .trs segr un·Ch6stian Ap 14:5 • vo seqr rmrks F 7:1·2 • wnls spprt o f sou sis in deseg fght, NC Cnvnln Pres Deane d rws ire for sgqslng Bap coils prpor Hous Jdcry Com st rks Part I I, agres on 5 pis Ao I :2-4 • i1 Ip lvl, mxd in mddl lvl Ag 5:5 • St Louis mks 2 vr C onq hssl may dloy . adjrmt Ag 2:1·3 • Sc solons rnw attck Otl echvmnt ea lvl of 3 trek proq Ag 8:5. 13:1·3 • Ky un;ns•rctd deleq to nil cnvnln F 7:4·5 • Svs no deseg, evn for deseg Je 16:5 tokn; b;nq•ph•I sHch F 13:1 • Tlls SC ctzns encl So wnts on bll Aq 16:2 • Mdrts, lbrls, xtrmsls tif ovr bll S 8:1-3 • Ng sch, Lin coln Ins hi rted Aq 11 :5 • Banneker g•p, Catholic Hous rls com hrngs brnq prspcls for nw bll clsr F 1-3 • Hous I ,,. , oq M 7:3 • Urqs wthhldng elctrl vis frrn unaccptb1 Knoxville ins Nashville wth deseg schs S 7 :2 3 Stl grp ro;ses lvl Aq 13·2 • Houston tsts shw mprvmnt rls com lnlly hlds hrngs on bll; Feb octn xpdd F 3 :1-2 • Mst S91 bhnd whs S 4:3 • DC sch offc:s els gains shs frthr p A, 16·5 Episcopal BATES. Mrs Daisy Tex Diocese apprvs som ch sch deseq M 11 :4-5 • ldrs dffr WVa solons for mdrt bll with onli·bmbnq fealrs F 6:1 -2 • SC iii S 8:4·5 • Cvl Rts Cmsn sys DC deseq M irl In J 6;4 5 • Al le to fc mtna wlh Faubus, sh~es hnd Ap 2:1·2 • C ong opprvs, sends Pres nw bll My 16:1 ·2 • Hi 9'td1 nlr coll thn othr sis sys educ tr D 11 :5 • No of PP.ls Cnfrnc urc;is veto of I deseq bll Jy 6:3 • Fla Cnlrnc ells J /,·~ • Mis shf< hnrh wlh Gov Faubus F 5:1 2 for opn schs Jy 6:5 • No Ark Cnfrnc ells for Ire pub ed lqhls of nw act My 16:2·4 • Ei senhower sons nw bill xprsses • l:d OC 4·1rck prog hi and elem J 6:3 • San Anton•o rgret ovr som omssns Je 9:3 f'!•hw136.9'y, hi sch ppls fo ilng I or mo• sbjcts J _I0:1.2 • BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS Jy B:5 • Tex Cntrl Cnfrnc ells for end rel dscrmntn Jy 9:2·3 • Ch irlottrwdle V.i frmr wh ~ U 1ing hqhr nt'ctual •lndrds J 10:4·5 • Sou rg1onl ~oils 1,hv 0· D )·I • Oescq brnqs fw lo Frede•'ck Md .O 7:3 • Alo pblctn crt cl Gov Potterson ndrsmnt of Coth for Pres Anncs prbe lo vtna "lrnls at Shreveport Jy 12:4·5 • Shreve· ~"'l 13:3-5 • 15% fie ppls parlcpot 'n semnr nrcmnt proq J B~11;...,..,,e Ng inllux poses probs sy tchrs D 10:5 • M•ch Cong !J.4 1 Purcell Okla Ngs not oulstndnq sys supt F 15:3 • Ag 15:5 • Marion SC Isl Ch rnouncs cnncfn wfh NII Cncl port la rastrars chlng cnstlutnlty o f cmsn Ag B:4 • Orws ire ! O '"" N'lS 11hu1d in desc'l schs: sch of, I dnv chrq Chi: rducs bnvlnc cntrbulns S 10:5 • Humn rlotns cnfrno at Tex schs cnsdr adi:olnq stndrd nlrnc l sts M 11:4 • l P of Alo offels ovr Ng vtnq : praisd bv Advsrv Com 0 7:4-5 • flU,ot~r J ~ ~·4 • StL Nri "'nslr sys mor probs omnq Ngs M 14:5 SMU pits Thurgood Marshall agnst 2 Miss edlrs on segr issu Mks 668 pg cnlrvsl rprt to Eisenhower 0 9: 1-2 • Svs DC deseg J U'1 l1t Ng s'dnt drppd a cent grs M 14 4 5 • Stl supt rpls 0 3:5 • Dallas Cnfrnc on Humn Rlolns ells for seqr end :"11 in 8th gr Ap Stl mks rprt on prgrss all vis 3-lrck BENNETT, Bruce . . ended waste 0 9:).4 • Ga Sens Russell Talmadge Gov 15:4 • Ark •tlv gen sv! KKK unwlcm Jv B:5 • Jns la 1n suit ognst US 0 4:2-J • Ark Alrcn Cnfrnc cndmns Dem prty segr of "Har­ Vandiver, Atty Gen Cook rjct cmsn rprt 9:S. 14: 1 ' • la _....,My 6:4-5 • DC sch offcls s'{ raisnq cu Itri, econmc lvls 0 C Rts Cmsn S 2:3 • Lys bmbnqs to Cmm~v as pro seqr c.ind F 5:1 • Sys wll de integrate whn Humn Rlolns de1~g slnd D 15:4 • bO delegs of Meth Stdnt Mis. cnsdrs rel dscrmntn in schs, housng, vino for top mphsis "•EOITING Pl H QOV M 12·2·3 Mvmnt hid b'-rcl Greensboro NC ming J 4:3 • Ga ldn N 2:2 • John Bo ttle rsgns N 2:3 • Vc·chrmn Storey qvs deseg St Col for Ng, bcoms st s st ~ccr Jtd c 0 2 1 • BOMBINGS ~1k gov for opn schs J 16:5 • Stdnt mvmnt sks sec;ir end al vws N 10:5 • Rls dclard vd in la cse N 13:1-2 • Wli hid SF ... A end T Coll admtd to Sou Asso Col s J 4 3 4 • Sale 5th t."1b •pids yd Mn Oa:sv BalPS Aq 12 3 • LR dynmlng· Meth st coll! Ap 6:7 3 • Miss Advocate wrlr: segr cnsislnt LA calif hrngs; lauds John Battle D 10:3 • Sup Ct prmses Coi (WYe) srs eccrtded situs J 12:3 • I Va I Ne N1 cc brnq 5 11rrsl< O I :4.5 • 3 LR dynmtngs brnq fast pohc actn: wth Chr:stionay My 4 3 qck hrng on la vtna cse J 6:1-2 • Nvstqls ollgd d scrmnln ""'1•. brnqng rg onl totl to 34 J IJ:3 5 • Asso Sc• S hs 5 arr.trl O 2·3·4 • Houston sch bmbnq th 6 lvs: not dr-;eq Ministerial agnst Montgomery Ng vtrs J 9:3·1 • Nvstgts cmplnts 1 Ala ~'9 l LR schs for re accrdtnq F 12:5 • LR: Cntrl, HaYS M 3·2 • 2 Rock Hill SC Presbyterian Ga Prsbvtry rmvs Mnslr Robt Mc Neil J v 2:3-4 • Gen Assmbly CIVIL RIGHTS COMMISSION ADVISORY COMMITTEES f:"'n Sou Gov•' Cnfrnc N I :4 • Ag res wlh US Sup Ct s • r vet ms of ho »S M 4 ·I • H• ,t Sprnq< Ar} sch< at 3 lhr's Mo rprls ms! Ngs in deseq situs· fw in mxd clt,) 17·5 • LR ca•h Hi, LR Cnlrl H V• tm< of hooxs Ap 6:4 hd prlsls G o mnslr's dsmsl J y 3:5 • So Fla cncls lnleq smmr 1 cmps altr lhrts Jy 6:5 • Cumberland Gen Assmblv rcmnds Miss, SC onlv sis wthoul J y 4 :3 • Cmmnls of 10 nw Alo mbrs l·Mi1 It of union addrs wlhoul mnt1on o sear F 16:3 4 • BONDS . . mdrt J v 7:4.5 • SC com stll unflld: nw 1st in cmsn hnds Aq "'" $trng mssv rsi~tnc odd rs ic,t pr r-r t"' rtbn lrirq "'lvmnt Alo leri;s 1me< $100 IT'il >u U chvs st l•lr< le cmplet dleot on desea J 16:5 • Miss com sets N l:J.4. • Prsnts pla-1 to SIL sch Supl H dey foi BUTLER. Paul M dgre of deseg Ag 6:3 • Cap Cncl Atty Guthridc;ie svs LR wll mtng: V 0 Camobell ricfs oppntmnt F 7:2-3 • Thmbna!i sklch : ~ io.1eg D 6:5 • WVa chplr s•rscs AIT'ercan v D• nll r'•mn for strnq cvl rts bll Jy 1 :2 • Rvrses stnd on µ ;,. rnh" F 7·l • ~C last to lrm com· thmbna:1 sktch 1 1 accpl no deseg Aq 6:1 • NII encl Edtr Simmons sys So wining 0 ~ { Prnovl re! claus !rm 40 and B Q'P brngs hn .J,,,,,,, " p -lit issu Ag 4 4 bttl for No sympthv Ao 11 :1 • SC Sec Smith spprts st. rjcls mbrs F 11 :1 • SC Com rprts no cmplnls on cvl rts M 4·3 1~~ 1 Ari 40 and 8 pins no admsn of Nas J 6:5 BYRNES JamM F . • M:ss com wll . dscss vlnq rts at 1st mtnq M 7:1 • Mo com F· SC q •v reafrms "•eP but cql" dclrn: !ks ISSu wth mnslrs led vw on cvl rts Ag 16:3 • Cap Cncl (LR) Attv Guthridge mks btlr slmnl ovr sch desec;i S I :4 • Polio prpgnda t o dlay rprts dscrmnln 1n :irn Crnsn grnls Nqs use for 3 qms N 12: 3 p ,. P"""t• .,;., J..ol-i,. tchr ~als S 12·3 • Sv~ no r•lns to 0 13 :5 • LR: Cap Cncl etlcks Bi lly Graham. Martin Luther chps.on-shldr att1t ud of So on deseq O 14:2 • Svs not mdrt K '· :I opph ct dcsn barrn...; 9 "n lex er spkr D 15 I '2 • qrnd on de•ea hssl 0 2:1 • M;ss admnstrtr s:mmons sv• no Flo U nr!s 5 Ngs Jy 6:5 • Ark low Sch (pvt) arads 3rd Nq t. ~ ll'br M 16·5 • . Oeseqd Tex U al'ws no N'l P'vr on w1 r B ,,,ch R ck~y. o !~r ntbls at dnnr Ap 10:3 • Revs cfzn hid accpl pie on advsry com to Cvl Rh Cmsn 0 5-7 • Jv B:5 • Bethel Col (Tenn) wrh on pin to admt Ngs Jy 12·3 • ~'!1 Ap 11:3 • Lou;sv-llc in teq Cath sch bcorns s• bmnlf bh;vr of 2 plvrs Mv 13 2 • WVa U 5 b J 4 • Cr Chs ~1ls un•nl1pld sch oprtn J 16:5 Ills Go rlly whs can kP seqr schs F 2:2 • Admnstrtr Simmons svs formr Na coils descq fclfys wh do not Aq 9:1-2 • Memphis 1 ells Advsry Com to Cvl Rts C msn troitrs scalawoc;is F 7:3 • '1410~ Ng •'hl!c schlrshp Mv 13:4 5 1 St U occols Ngrs aflr lno hssl Aq 10·4 • M;s1 U prsnnl B ab~s~ Aln pblctn crlcl Gov P•tlerson nrlrsmnt of Cath for SC A• o of Cncls cmmnds Go Gov Vonaiver's deseg slnd F chrgd wlh chngng " sou attiluds" Aq 1'1:I • $227 st mony llw. is wn. ow•d for rprlnq Alford H.ws elctn "dlJ' flv< p · c A 15:5 • 71 S~'ma A;a chs annc pvt sch: no ra1trnts 11 :2·3 • Effrts for nw Rock Hill Sc chptr bgun; rstraind ~ 4 per ppl for Central St (O~ l o) . S900 for Langston U (Ng) I • 8• eficlr:f WVa St Co' Pre> Allen nomn 1t or sh~s upgA'1 15:5 • Fla Mssn•y Asso ells for segr S );5 • Selma spchs dompn xplsv "sit·in" issu M 4:1 • la encl abndns fght drws crlcsm Ag 14 :5 • Miss U Chnclr Williams wns 6·pl ·•nty ldr1hp awrd S 16:3