DOCSLIB.ORG

Objective-C 2.0 Essentials Third Edition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Objective-C 2.0 Essentials Third Edition Objective-C 2.0 Essentials Third Edition i Objective-C 2.0 Essentials – Third Edition ISBN-13: 978-1480262102 © 2012 Neil Smyth. This book is provided for personal use only. Unauthorized use, reproduction and/or distribution strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. The content of this book is provided for informational purposes only. Neither the publisher nor the author offers any warranties or representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of information contained in this book, nor do they accept any liability for any loss or damage arising from any errors or omissions. This book contains trademarked terms that are used solely for editorial purposes and to the benefit of the respective trademark owner. The terms used within this book are not intended as infringement of any trademarks. Find more eBooks online at http://www.eBookFrenzy.com. Rev. 3.0 ii Table of Contents 1. About Objective-C Essentials ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Why are you reading this? .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Supported Platforms ............................................................................................................. 2 2. The History of Objective-C .......................................................................................................... 3 2.1 The C Programming Language .............................................................................................. 3 2.2 The Smalltalk programming Language .................................................................................. 3 2.3 C meets Smalltalk .................................................................................................................. 4 2.4 Objective-C and Apple ........................................................................................................... 4 2.5 Modern Objective-C .............................................................................................................. 5 3. Installing Xcode and Compiling Objective-C on Mac OS X .......................................................... 7 3.1 Identifying if you have an Intel or PowerPC based Mac ....................................................... 7 3.2 Installing the Xcode Development Environment .................................................................. 8 3.3 Starting Xcode ....................................................................................................................... 8 3.4 Writing an Objective-C Application with Xcode .................................................................. 11 3.5 Compiling Objective-C from the Command Line ................................................................ 12 3.6 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 14 4. Objective-C 2.0 Data Types ....................................................................................................... 15 4.1 int Data Type ....................................................................................................................... 16 4.2 char Data Type .................................................................................................................... 17 4.2.1 Special Characters/Escape Sequences ......................................................................... 17 4.3 float Data Type .................................................................................................................... 18 4.4 double Data Type ................................................................................................................ 18 4.5 id Data Type ......................................................................................................................... 18 4.6 BOOL Data Type .................................................................................................................. 18 4.7 Objective-C Data Type Qualifiers ........................................................................................ 19 4.7.1 long ............................................................................................................................... 19 4.7.2 long long ....................................................................................................................... 19 iii 4.7.3 short .............................................................................................................................. 19 4.7.1 signed / unsigned.......................................................................................................... 20 4.8 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 20 5. Working with Variables and Constants in Objective-C ............................................................. 21 5.1 What is an Objective-C Variable .......................................................................................... 21 5.2 What is an Objective-C Constant? ....................................................................................... 22 5.3 Type Casting Objective-C Variables ..................................................................................... 23 5.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 24 6. Objective-C Operators and Expressions ................................................................................... 25 6.1 What is an Expression? ....................................................................................................... 25 6.2 The Basic Assignment Operator .......................................................................................... 25 6.3 Objective-C Arithmetic Operators ....................................................................................... 26 6.4 Compound Assignment Operators ...................................................................................... 27 6.5 Increment and Decrement Operators ................................................................................. 27 6.6 Comparison Operators ........................................................................................................ 28 6.7 Boolean Logical Operators .................................................................................................. 29 6.8 The Ternary Operator .......................................................................................................... 30 6.9 Bitwise Operators ................................................................................................................ 30 6.9.1 Bitwise AND .................................................................................................................. 31 6.9.2 Bitwise OR ..................................................................................................................... 32 6.9.3 Bitwise XOR ................................................................................................................... 32 6.9.4 Bitwise Left Shift ........................................................................................................... 33 6.9.5 Bitwise Right Shift ......................................................................................................... 33 6.10 Compound Bitwise Operators ........................................................................................... 34 6.11 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 34 7. Objective-C 2.0 Operator Precedence ...................................................................................... 35 7.1 An Example of Objective-C Operator Precedence .............................................................. 35 7.2 Objective-C Operator Precedence and Associativity .......................................................... 35 iv 7.3 Overriding Operator Precedence ........................................................................................ 37 7.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 38 8. Commenting Objective-C Code ................................................................................................. 39 8.1 Why Comment your Code? ................................................................................................. 39 8.2 Single Line Comments ......................................................................................................... 40 8.3 Multi-line Comments .......................................................................................................... 40 8.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 41 9. Objective-C Flow Control with if and else ................................................................................. 43 9.1 Using the if Statement......................................................................................................... 43 9.2 Using if ... else … Statements .............................................................................................. 44 9.3 Using if ... else if ... Statements ..........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Preview Objective-C Tutorial (PDF Version)
    Objective-C Objective-C About the Tutorial Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language. This is the main programming language used by Apple for the OS X and iOS operating systems and their respective APIs, Cocoa and Cocoa Touch. This reference will take you through simple and practical approach while learning Objective-C Programming language. Audience This reference has been prepared for the beginners to help them understand basic to advanced concepts related to Objective-C Programming languages. Prerequisites Before you start doing practice with various types of examples given in this reference, I'm making an assumption that you are already aware about what is a computer program, and what is a computer programming language? Copyright & Disclaimer © Copyright 2015 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book can retain a copy for future reference but commercial use of this data is not allowed. Distribution or republishing any content or a part of the content of this e-book in any manner is also not allowed without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at [email protected] ii Objective-C Table of Contents About the Tutorial ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • “A Magnetzed Needle and a Steady Hand”
    “A Magne)zed Needle and a Steady Hand” Alternaves in the modern world of Integrated Development Environments Jennifer Wood CSCI 5828 Spring 2012 Real Programmers hp://xkcd.com/378/ For the rest of us • Modern Integrated Development Environments (IDE) – A one-stop shop with mul)ple features that can be easily accessed by the developer (without switching modes or ac)vang other u)li)es) to ease the task of creang soYware – A mul)tude of IDEs exist for each programming language (Java, C++, Python, etc.) and each plaorm (desktops, cell phones, web-based, etc.) – Some IDEs can handle mul)ple programming languages, but most are based in just one – There are many good free IDEs out there, but you can also pay for func)onality from $ to $$$$ – IDEs are like opinions, everyone has one and everyone thinks everyone else's s)nks Why are IDEs a good thing? • They aack many of the sources of accidental difficul)es in soYware development by having: – Real-)me protec)on from fault generang typos and bad syntax – High levels of abstrac)on to keep developers from being forced to redevelop basic (and not so basic) classes and structures for every project – IDE increases the power of many development tools by merging them into one that provides “integrated libraries, unified file formats, and pipes and filters. As a result, conceptual structures that in principle could always call, feed, and use one another can indeed easily do so in prac)ce.” (Brooks, 1987). • A core focus of IDE developers is con)nuous improvement in transparency to minimize searching for func)ons
    [Show full text]
  • Programming Java for OS X
    Programming Java for OS X hat’s so different about Java on a Mac? Pure Java applica- tions run on any operating system that supports Java. W Popular Java tools run on OS X. From the developer’s point of view, Java is Java, no matter where it runs. Users do not agree. To an OS X user, pure Java applications that ignore the feel and features of OS X are less desirable, meaning the customers will take their money elsewhere. Fewer sales translates into unhappy managers and all the awkwardness that follows. In this book, I show how to build GUIs that feel and behave like OS X users expect them to behave. I explain development tools and libraries found on the Mac. I explore bundling of Java applications for deployment on OS X. I also discuss interfacing Java with other languages commonly used on the Mac. This chapter is about the background and basics of Java develop- ment on OS X. I explain the history of Java development. I show you around Apple’s developer Web site. Finally, I go over the IDEs commonly used for Java development on the Mac. In This Chapter Reviewing Apple Java History Exploring the history of Apple embraced Java technologies long before the first version of Java on Apple computers OS X graced a blue and white Mac tower. Refugees from the old Installing developer tan Macs of the 1990s may vaguely remember using what was tools on OS X called the MRJ when their PC counterparts were busy using JVMs. Looking at the MRJ stands for Mac OS Runtime for Java.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future: the Story of Squeak, a Practical Smalltalk Written in Itself
    Back to the future: the story of Squeak, a practical Smalltalk written in itself Dan Ingalls, Ted Kaehler, John Maloney, Scott Wallace, and Alan Kay [Also published in OOPSLA ’97: Proc. of the 12th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-oriented Programming, 1997, pp. 318-326.] VPRI Technical Report TR-1997-001 Viewpoints Research Institute, 1209 Grand Central Avenue, Glendale, CA 91201 t: (818) 332-3001 f: (818) 244-9761 Back to the Future The Story of Squeak, A Practical Smalltalk Written in Itself by Dan Ingalls Ted Kaehler John Maloney Scott Wallace Alan Kay at Apple Computer while doing this work, now at Walt Disney Imagineering 1401 Flower Street P.O. Box 25020 Glendale, CA 91221 [email protected] Abstract Squeak is an open, highly-portable Smalltalk implementation whose virtual machine is written entirely in Smalltalk, making it easy to debug, analyze, and change. To achieve practical performance, a translator produces an equivalent C program whose performance is comparable to commercial Smalltalks. Other noteworthy aspects of Squeak include: a compact object format that typically requires only a single word of overhead per object; a simple yet efficient incremental garbage collector for 32-bit direct pointers; efficient bulk- mutation of objects; extensions of BitBlt to handle color of any depth and anti-aliased image rotation and scaling; and real-time sound and music synthesis written entirely in Smalltalk. Overview Squeak is a modern implementation of Smalltalk-80 that is available for free via the Internet, at http://www.research.apple.com/research/proj/learning_concepts/squeak/ and other sites. It includes platform-independent support for color, sound, and image processing.
    [Show full text]
  • LAZARUS FREE PASCAL Développement Rapide
    LAZARUS FREE PASCAL Développement rapide Matthieu GIROUX Programmation Livre de coaching créatif par les solutions ISBN 9791092732214 et 9782953125177 Éditions LIBERLOG Éditeur n° 978-2-9531251 Droits d'auteur RENNES 2009 Dépôt Légal RENNES 2010 Sommaire A) À lire................................................................................................................5 B) LAZARUS FREE PASCAL.............................................................................9 C) Programmer facilement..................................................................................25 D) Le langage PASCAL......................................................................................44 E) Calculs et types complexes.............................................................................60 F) Les boucles.....................................................................................................74 G) Créer ses propres types..................................................................................81 H) Programmation procédurale avancée.............................................................95 I) Gérer les erreurs............................................................................................105 J) Ma première application................................................................................115 K) Bien développer...........................................................................................123 L) L'Objet..........................................................................................................129
    [Show full text]
  • Gnu Smalltalk Library Reference Version 3.2.5 24 November 2017
    gnu Smalltalk Library Reference Version 3.2.5 24 November 2017 by Paolo Bonzini Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". 1 3 1 Base classes 1.1 Tree Classes documented in this manual are boldfaced. Autoload Object Behavior ClassDescription Class Metaclass BlockClosure Boolean False True CObject CAggregate CArray CPtr CString CCallable CCallbackDescriptor CFunctionDescriptor CCompound CStruct CUnion CScalar CChar CDouble CFloat CInt CLong CLongDouble CLongLong CShort CSmalltalk CUChar CByte CBoolean CUInt CULong CULongLong CUShort ContextPart 4 GNU Smalltalk Library Reference BlockContext MethodContext Continuation CType CPtrCType CArrayCType CScalarCType CStringCType Delay Directory DLD DumperProxy AlternativeObjectProxy NullProxy VersionableObjectProxy PluggableProxy SingletonProxy DynamicVariable Exception Error ArithmeticError ZeroDivide MessageNotUnderstood SystemExceptions.InvalidValue SystemExceptions.EmptyCollection SystemExceptions.InvalidArgument SystemExceptions.AlreadyDefined SystemExceptions.ArgumentOutOfRange SystemExceptions.IndexOutOfRange SystemExceptions.InvalidSize SystemExceptions.NotFound SystemExceptions.PackageNotAvailable SystemExceptions.InvalidProcessState SystemExceptions.InvalidState
    [Show full text]
  • B-Human 2018
    Team Report and Code Release 2018 Thomas R¨ofer1;2, Tim Laue2, Arne Hasselbring2, Jannik Heyen2, Bernd Poppinga2, Philip Reichenberg2, Enno R¨ohrig2, Felix Thielke2 1 Deutsches Forschungszentrum f¨urK¨unstliche Intelligenz, Enrique-Schmidt-Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany 2 Universit¨atBremen, Fachbereich 3, Postfach 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany Revision: November 14, 2018 Contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 About Us........................................4 1.2 About the Document..................................4 2 Getting Started6 2.1 Download........................................6 2.2 Components and Configurations...........................7 2.3 Building the Code...................................8 2.3.1 Project Generation...............................8 2.3.2 Visual Studio on Windows...........................8 2.3.3 Xcode on macOS................................9 2.3.4 Linux...................................... 10 2.4 Setting Up the NAO.................................. 11 2.4.1 Requirements.................................. 11 2.4.2 Installing the Operating System....................... 12 2.4.3 Creating Robot Configuration Files for a NAO............... 12 2.4.4 Managing Wireless Configurations...................... 13 2.4.5 Installing the Robot.............................. 13 2.5 Copying the Compiled Code.............................. 13 2.6 Working with the NAO................................ 14 2.7 Starting SimRobot................................... 15 2.8 Calibrating the Robots................................. 16 2.8.1 Overall Physical
    [Show full text]
  • Smalltalk's Influence on Modern Programming
    1 Smalltalk’s Influence on Modern Programming Smalltalk’s Influence on Modern Programming Matt Savona. February 1 st , 2008. In September 1972 at Xerox PARC, Alan Kay, Ted Kaeher and Dan Ingalls were discussing programming languages in the hallway of their office building. Ted and Dan had begun to consider how large a language had to be to have “great power.” Alan took a different approach, and “asserted that you could define the "most powerful language in the world" in "a page of code."” Ted and Dan replied, “Put up or shut up” (Kay). And with that, the bet to develop the most powerful language was on. Alan arrived at PARC every morning at 4am for two weeks, and devoted his time from 4am to 8am to the development of the language. That language was Smalltalk. Kay had “originally made the boast because McCarthy's self-describing LISP interpreter was written in itself. It was about "a page", and as far as power goes, LISP was the whole nine- yards for functional languages.” He was sure that he could “do the same for object-oriented languages” and still have a reasonable syntax. By the eighth morning, Kay had a version of Smalltalk developed where “symbols were byte-coded and the receiving of return-values from a send was symmetric” (Kay). Several days later, Dan Ingalls had coded Kay’s scheme in BASIC, added a “token scanner”, “list maker” and many other features. “Over the next ten years he made at least 80 major releases of various flavors of Smalltalk” (Kay).
    [Show full text]
  • Secure the Clones - Static Enforcement of Policies for Secure Object Copying Thomas Jensen, Florent Kirchner, David Pichardie
    Secure the Clones - Static Enforcement of Policies for Secure Object Copying Thomas Jensen, Florent Kirchner, David Pichardie To cite this version: Thomas Jensen, Florent Kirchner, David Pichardie. Secure the Clones - Static Enforcement of Policies for Secure Object Copying. ESOP 2011, 2011, Saarbrucken, Germany. hal-01110817 HAL Id: hal-01110817 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01110817 Submitted on 28 Jan 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Secure the Clones * Static Enforcement of Policies for Secure Object Copying Thomas Jensen, Florent Kirchner, and David Pichardie INRIA Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, France [email protected] Abstract. Exchanging mutable data objects with untrusted code is a delicate matter because of the risk of creating a data space that is accessible by an attacker. Consequently, secure programming guidelines for Java stress the importance of using defensive copying before accepting or handing out references to an inter- nal mutable object. However, implementation of a copy method (like clone()) is entirely left to the programmer. It may not provide a sufficiently deep copy of an object and is subject to overriding by a malicious sub-class. Currently no language-based mechanism supports secure object cloning.
    [Show full text]
  • User's Manual
    rBOX610 Linux Software User’s Manual Disclaimers This manual has been carefully checked and believed to contain accurate information. Axiomtek Co., Ltd. assumes no responsibility for any infringements of patents or any third party’s rights, and any liability arising from such use. Axiomtek does not warrant or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information in this document. Axiomtek does not make any commitment to update the information in this manual. Axiomtek reserves the right to change or revise this document and/or product at any time without notice. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Axiomtek Co., Ltd. Trademarks Acknowledgments Axiomtek is a trademark of Axiomtek Co., Ltd. ® Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand names and trademarks are the properties and registered brands of their respective owners. Copyright 2014 Axiomtek Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved February 2014, Version A2 Printed in Taiwan ii Table of Contents Disclaimers ..................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................. 1 1.1 Specifications ...................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 Getting Started ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cross-Language Interop Poster
    Low Cognitive Overhead Bridging "Interoperability isn't just a technical problem, it's also a user interface problem. We have to make it easy to call between languages, so that users can The demo shown at FOSDEM always pick the most appropriate tool for the job at hand." example [ this year showed fully dynamic "This shows how to call a C function from Smalltalk" development spanning C objc_setAssociatedObject: { Objective-C and Smalltalk. The self. 42. developer can inspect the ’fishes’. existing class hierarchy and C enumValue: OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN }. the code for any methods "Note how C enumerations can be accessed. When encountering this construct, the Pragmatic Smalltalk compiler will generate exactly the same code as an implemented in Smalltalk. It Objective-C compiler would for this line: is also possible to add, modify, objc_setAssociatedObject(self, 42, @"fishes", OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN); or replace methods, add It will get the types for the function by parsing the header and automatically map Smalltalk types to C and Objective-C types. The instance variables and classes Easy Development programmer doesn't need to write any bridging or foreign function interface at run time. Invoking a code." nonexistent class or method (C objc_getAssociatedObject: {self . 42 }) log. ] pops up a dialog asking the user to implement it, all from within a running app. The final version is statically compiled, with no explicit user Cross-Language Interoperability for intervention required. Fast, Easy, and Maintainable Code David Chisnall The World Today: But I wanted to use the But libfoo is C, libbar Frobnicator framework, and it's I have a great idea is C++, and I want to only for Java.
    [Show full text]
  • Smalltalk Language Mapping Specification
    Smalltalk Language Mapping Specification New Edition: June 1999 Copyright 1995, 1996 BNR Europe Ltd. Copyright 1998, Borland International Copyright 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996 Digital Equipment Corporation Copyright 1995, 1996 Expersoft Corporation Copyright 1996, 1997 FUJITSU LIMITED Copyright 1996 Genesis Development Corporation Copyright 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996 Hewlett-Packard Company Copyright 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996 HyperDesk Corporation Copyright 1998 Inprise Corporation Copyright 1996, 1997 International Business Machines Corporation Copyright 1995, 1996 ICL, plc Copyright 1995, 1996 IONA Technologies, Ltd. Copyright 1996, 1997 Micro Focus Limited Copyright 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996 NCR Corporation Copyright 1995, 1996 Novell USG Copyright 1991,1992, 1995, 1996 by Object Design, Inc. Copyright 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996 Object Management Group, Inc. Copyright 1996 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG Copyright 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Copyright 1995, 1996 SunSoft, Inc. Copyright 1996 Sybase, Inc. Copyright 1998 Telefónica Investigación y Desarrollo S.A. Unipersonal Copyright 1996 Visual Edge Software, Ltd. The companies listed above have granted to the Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG) a nonexclusive, royalty-free, paid up, worldwide license to copy and distribute this document and to modify this document and distribute copies of the modified ver- sion. Each of the copyright holders listed above has agreed that no person shall be deemed to have infringed the copyright in the included material of any such copyright holder by reason of having used the specification set forth herein or having con- formed any computer software to the specification. PATENT The attention of adopters is directed to the possibility that compliance with or adoption of OMG specifications may require use of an invention covered by patent rights.
    [Show full text]