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Prüfung Zum 7. Dan Wado Ryu Im Deutschen Karate Verband E. V. Am 7

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Prüfung Zum 7. Dan Wado Ryu Im Deutschen Karate Verband E. V. Am 7 Christina Gutz Prüfung zum 7. Dan Wado Ryu im Deutschen Karate Verband e. V. am 7. September 2018 in Neuss Abhandlung zum Thema Der historische Bezug zwischen dem Wado Ryu und dem Shindo Yoshin Ryu und die Konzepte und Kernprinzipien des Wado Ryu „Die Kampfkünste sind wie der Kosmos, sie sind unendlich. Sei dir bewusst, dass es dort keine Grenzen gibt.“ Hironori Otsuka1 1 „Martial art technique is like the cosmos, it is infinite. Know that there are no such things as limits.“ Hironori Otsuka: Wado Ryu Karate. Hamilton, Ontario 1997, S. 4 (Erstmals veröffentlicht im 44. Jahr der Showa Ära.) Prüfung zum 7. Dan Wado Ryu im Deutschen Karate Verband e. V. Christina Gutz Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Der historische Bezug zwischen dem Wado Ryu und dem Shindo Yoshin Ryu und die Konzepte und Kernprinzipien des Wado Ryu 1.1 Vorwort 1.2 Eine kurze historische Einführung und die Verbindung von Shindo Yoshin Ryu und Wado Ryu 1.3 Konzepte und Kernprinzipien im Wado Ryu 1.3.1 Sente – Initiative und Angriff im japanischen Budo 1.3.2 Taisabaki 1.3.3 Ten-I, Ten-Tai, Ten-Gi 1.4 Erläuterungen zu meinem Prüfungsprogramm zum 7. Dan Wado Ryu im Deutschen Karate Verband e. V. 1.5 Der Deutsche Karate Verband e. V. – Ein Dachverband 2. Prüfungsprogramm zum 7. Dan Wado Ryu im Deutschen Karate Verband e. V. Konzepte und Grundprinzipien des Wado Ryu: Sente, Taisabaki und Ten-I, Ten-Tai,Ten-Gi 3. Literaturverzeichnis 1 Prüfung zum 7. Dan Wado Ryu im Deutschen Karate Verband e. V. Christina Gutz 1. Der historische Bezug zwischen dem Wado Ryu und dem Shindo Yoshin Ryu und die Konzepte und Kernprinzipien des Wado Ryu 1.1 Vorwort Mit meiner Prüfung zum 7. Dan Wado Ryu im Deutschen Karate Verband e. V. möchte ich den histo- rischen Bezug zwischen dem Wado Ryu und dem Shindo Yoshin Ryu verdeutlichen. In dieser kurzen Abhandlung gebe ich einen Überblick über den historischen Kontext der Verbindung von Wado Ryu und Shindo Yoshin Ryu und lege die Konzepte und Kernprinzipien des Wado Ryu dar. Im praktischen Teil meiner Prüfung demonstriere und veranschauliche ich diese Konzepte und Kernprinzipien. Mein Ziel ist es, so die Besonderheiten des Wado Ryu herauszustellen. 1.2 Eine kurze historische Einführung und die Verbindung von Shindo Yoshin Ryu und Wado Ryu Seit Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts entwickelte sich Karate auf den südlich von Japan gelegenen Ryukyu- Inseln, deren Hauptinsel Okinawa ist, unter chinesischem Einfluss als ein Kampf- und Selbstverteidi- gungssystem. Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts gelangte Karate zum japanischen Festland. Auf einer vom japanischen Kulturministerium organisierten Veranstaltung, dem „Dai Ikkai-Taiiku Tenrankai“, wurde es im Juni 1922 das erste Mal öffentlich gezeigt.2 Im Unterschied zum Koryu, den traditionellen japanischen Kampfkünsten, die vor dem Beginn der Meiji Restauration 1868 entstanden, gehört Karate zum Gendai Budo, den Kampfkünsten, die nach 1868 in Japan gegründet wurden. Das von Hironori Otsuka (1892 – 1982) 1934 gegründete Wado Ryu ist also dem Gendai Budo zuzuordnen. Otsuka trainierte zwischen 1907 und 1921 in zwei Perio- den im Dojo von Tatsusuburo Nakayama (1870 – 1945) Shindo Yoshin Ryu. 1922 traf Otsuka Gichin Funakoshi, später Kenwa Mabuni und Motubu Choki3 auf dem japanischen Festland und studierte das Karate von Okinawa bei ihnen. Somit besteht durch Otsuka eine ursprüngliche Verbindung zwischen dem Shindo Yoshin Ryu und dem Wado Ryu. Shindo Yoshin Ryu ist eine Koryu-Schule, die 1864 von Matsuoka Katsunosuke gegründet wurde. Eine autorisierte Nebenlinie, die Ohbata/Takamura Linie, wird heute als Takamura Ha Shindo Yoshin Ryu (TSYR) von Tobin E. Threadgill als Kaicho und Men- kyo Kaiden4 geleitet.5,6 2 Teruo Kono: Karate. Der Weg zum Schwarzgurt. Hamburg 1982, S. 11 3 Gichin Funakoshi (1868 – 1957) unterrichtete seit 1922, Kenwa Mabuni (1899 – 1952) seit 1928 und Motobu Choki (1871 – 1944) seit 1929 Okinawa Karate auf dem japanischen Festland. 4 Das Menkyo System geht zurück ins 8. Jahrhundert. “Menkyo kaiden (免許皆伝?), (めんきょかいでん) is a Japanese term meaning ‘license of total transmission.’ It is a license that is granted by a school, koryū meaning that the exponent has learned everything and pass on all aspects of his/her training within the koryū.” Donn F. Draeger: Ranking Systems in Modern Japanese Martial Arts: Modern vs. Classical. Lecture on 1 April 1976. http://judoinfo.com/ranks/ (Stand: 30.03.2018) 5 “The teachings of Takamura-ha Shindo Yoshin-ryu are organized in a manner consistent with most classical schools of budo. The teachings are divided into three levels represented by the issuing of teaching licenses. These are shoden, chuden and joden gokui. An administrative license also exists which represents ultimate authority over the issuing of all these licenses. This administrative license is called a menkyo kaiden. …” Toby Threadgill and Shingo Ohgami: Takamura- ha Shindo Yoshin-ryu Jujutsu: History and Technique. In: http://www.koryu.com/library/tthreadgill1.html (Stand: 22.03.2018) 6 Toby Threadgill and Shingo Ohgami: Takamura-ha Shindo Yoshin-ryu Jujutsu: History and Technique. https://www.koryu.com/library/tthreadgill1.html (Stand: 22.03.2018) und www.shinyokai.com 2 Prüfung zum 7. Dan Wado Ryu im Deutschen Karate Verband e. V. Christina Gutz 1.3 Konzepte und Kernprinzipien im Wado Ryu Bestimmte Konzepte und allgemeine Prinzipien des Karate hat Wado Ryu mit den Karatestilen aus Okinawa gemeinsam, so zum Beispiel Zanshin (Konzept des „wachen Geistes“), Maai (komplexes Konzept im Zweikampf bezogen auf den Abstand, den Winkel, den Angriffsrhythmus und die Zeit zur Überwindung der Distanz) und Chushin Tadasu (korrekte Körperhaltung). Hironori Otsuka realisierte jedoch auch, dass historisch überlieferte Prinzipien und Techniken des Shindo Yoshin Ryu auf das Okinawa Karate anwendbar waren, und er integrierte sie in das von ihm gegründete Wado Ryu. So übertrug Otsuka das Wissen des Koryu in das Wado Ryu: “Koryu lives a little bit in Wado. Shindo Yoshin Ryu and Wado are like cousins.“7 Zu den Wado Ryu Prinzipien, die direkt auf das Shindo Yos- hin Ryu zurückgehen, gehören u. a. Taisabaki und San-Mi-Ittai (Ten-I, Ten-Tai, Ten-Gi). Aber auch die Konzepte der Initiative übertrug Otsuka direkt vom Shindo Yoshin Ryu in das Wado Ryu. 1.3.1 Sente – Initiative und Angriff im japanischen Budo Diese Konzepte der Initiative reflektieren die Denkweise der japanischen Kampfkünste und damit die Denkweise der Koryu Schulen und die des Shindo Yoshin Ryu. Die japanischen Kampfkünste haben sich in der kriegerischen Auseinandersetzung entwickelt. Sie gehen also vom Kampf, von der Kriegs- führung aus. Dies spiegelt sich im Wado Ryu wider: Agiert wird immer mit einer fordernden Haltung, und zwar psychisch und physisch: Irimi und Sente. Irimi bedeutet Hineingehen, Vorwärtsgehen. Sente bedeutet Initiative, Angriff, und zwar kompromisslos, auf direktem Wege zum Ziel zu gelangen: Kakugo. Wichtig ist in diesem Zusammenhang das Timing: Go No Sen (reagierendes Timing), Sen No Sen (simultanes Timing) und Sen Sen No Sen (vorausschauendes Timing).8 Go No Sen, Sen No Sen und Sen Sen No Sen sind nicht als zeitlich nachgeordnet oder als „entweder – oder“ zu betrachten, sondern sie sind zyklisch miteinander verbunden und werden zum Erhalt bzw. zum Erlangen des ei- genen Vorteils genutzt. Das bedeutet, dass über das Timing und die mentale Einstellung die klassi- schen Rollen Angreifer und Verteidiger aufgehoben werden. Es stehen sich zwei Gegner gegenüber, die durch mentale Stärke und Entschlossenheit, gute Technik und Taktik sowie passendes Timing den Sieg erringen möchten. 1.3.2 Taisabaki Taisabaki bedeutet „Body Management“ und ist gewöhnlich bezogen auf eine Ausweichbewegung. Im Wado Ryu sollten alle Bewegungen effektiv und ohne unnötige Zusatzbewegungen ausgeführt wer- den.9 Essentiell ist hierbei der Hüfteinsatz. Wie die vergleichsweise hohen Stände, die eine größere 7 Toby Threadgill in: Christina Gutz: Wado-Pfingstlehrgang 2012 in Berlin. “Koryu lives a little bit in Wado. Shindo Yoshin Ryu and Wado are like cousins.” (Toby Threadgill) https://www.wado-karate.de/nachrichten-berichte/ und http://www.berliner-karate-verband.de/ (Stand: 22.03.2018) 8 Christina Gutz: Unter der Oberfläche: Ein tieferer Blick auf Wado Ryu und Shindo Yoshin Ryu. Wado Lehrgang mit Toby Threadgill (USA) und Robbie Smith (Neuseeland) am 22. und 23.02.2014 in Berlin. https://www.wado-karate.de/nachrichten- berichte/ und http://www.berliner-karate-verband.de/ (Stand: 22.03.2018) 9 Wado Ryu Karate Do. http://bushidowadoryu.com/WADORYUKARATEDO.html (Stand: 22.03.2018) 3 Prüfung zum 7. Dan Wado Ryu im Deutschen Karate Verband e. V. Christina Gutz Mobilität und Flexibilität ermöglichen, hat Taisabaki im Wado Ryu seinen unmittelbaren Ursprung im Shindo Yoshin Ryu. Beim Taisabaki werden drei Prinzipien unterschieden: Nagasu (fließen lassen): das Abwehren des Angriffs oder das Bewegen mit dem Angriff und das gleichzeitige knappe Ausweichen aus der Angriffslinie, oftmals verbunden mit einem gleichzeitigen Konter. Inasu (ausweichen): das Ausweichen und/oder Umleiten des Angriffs, oftmals verbunden mit Tai- Otoshi, einem Fallenlassen des Körpers, um sich unter, in oder um die Angriffstechnik des Gegners bewegen zu können. Noru (mitgehen): das Bewegen mit Musubi (Kontakt) zum Gegner, so dass dessen Technik bzw. Be- wegung kontrolliert wird. Das Ausweichen ist fast immer von einem Atemi (einem präzisen Schlag) auf einen vitalen Punkt be- gleitet und endet sehr oft mit einem Nage (Wurf).10 Wichtig sind im Wado Ryu zudem der Bewegungs- fluss und der richtige Wechsel von Entspannung
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