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Strategic Management of Nature-Based Tourism in Ijen Crater in the Context of Sustainable Tourism Development

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Strategic Management of Nature-Based Tourism in Ijen Crater in the Context of Sustainable Tourism Development Journal of Indonesian Tourism and E-ISSN : 2338-1647 Development Studies http://jitode.ub.ac.id Strategic Management of Nature-Based Tourism in Ijen Crater in the Context of Sustainable Tourism Development Sandra Dhesitta Putri 1*, Soemarno2, Luchman Hakim3 1Master Program of Environmental Sciences, Graduate Program, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 2Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Abstract The aim of the study is to define the strategic management of nature based tourism in Ijen crater, East Java. From the perspectives of accessibility, problems facing by accessibility are related to the travel distance and forest road quality. Ijen craters have three important aspect in competitiveness tourism aspect, namely something to see (mountain landscape), something to do (trekking, hiking, bird watching), and something to buy (meals). The future development of such attraction should be meets ecotourism principles. This study found that improving tourism facility and infrastructure were important aspects. The development and improvement of tourism facility and infrastructure, however, should be incorporates ecotourism principles. In such a case, the conservation, local people and community development becomes crucial issue. Involvement of stakeholder and local community in facility and infrastructure will increase the quality and sustainability of infrastructure and tourism facility. Keywords: ecotourism strategy, tourism management. INTRODUCTION* tourism activity. One of the crucial threats to the Recently the development of strategic sustainability of the mountain ecosystem is planning and implementation of tourism has related to the increasing number of tourism been considered important. It is especially beyond carrying capacity. Increasing number of important in many cases where tourist visitation tourism often responded by rapid and massive to natural ecosystems and environment grows physical development of tourism infrastructure. significantly. Are with abundance resources, such There are intensive land uses changes and as forest, waterfall, rivers, crater, grasslands, wildlife habitat clearing to provides adequate caldera, lake have a significant role in tourism spaces for tourism infrastructure development. destination development. Scholars point out that The infrastructure development often ignored numerous natural ecosystems have been ecotourism principles which are important to suffered from mass tourism which is to decrease ensure ecosystem sustainability [2,4]. biodiversity level. Tourism in natural In many nature-based tourism destinations, environment therefore needs to be managed practicing sustainable tourism development properly, especially in order to protect tourism is one of the principal problems. There biodiversity and enhance the sustainable uses of are lacks of basic tourism philosophy which are natural resources [1-3]. important to drive tourism into sustainable Recent issues in sustainable tourism argue that practices. Infrastructure has been build without comprehensive destination management is considering local characteristics and local important. Destination management should be wisdoms. Many nature-based tourism embraced cultural integrity, ecological process, destinations are lack of the integrative tourism biodiversity and other related systems which are strategic planning which is suitable for local contribute to sustainable living systems in environments and meets the ecotourism harmony. Many destination however lack of the principles. These aspects are leading to the poor ability to maintain sustainable issues and of destination competitiveness [4]. therefore vulnerable to degradations. Scholars Ijen crater is one of the important tourism point out that many fragile ecosystems such as destinations in East Java. The geological mountain, forest and beach are suffered from attraction of Ijen craters is actives crates and sulfur lakes with blue-green waters. The * Correspondence address: mountainous landscapes were beautiful. Tourism Sandra Dhesitta Putri grows significantly. In 20014, about 6.722 Email : [email protected] domestic tourism recorded in Ijen Craters while Address : Graduate Program, University of Brawijaya, international tourism was recorded about 28.668 Mayjen Haryono No. 169, Malang 65145 J.Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.3, No.3, September, 2015 [123] Strategic Management of Nature-Based Tourism in Ijen Crater (Putri et al.) [5]. Effort to increase tourism performance in one of the important threat to Ijen Craters. Ijen crater has been implemented by local Recently, however, scholar identify that invasion government and related agencies, i.e of exotic plant species become the important Banyuwangi dan Bondowoso Regency. As far, the threats to the Ijen crater ecosystems [7]. comprehensive evaluation of destination sustainability was absent. The objective of the Data Collection and Analysis research is to evaluate the recent condition of Research consists of secondary data tourism implementation and build the strategic collection, questionnaires and field observation. management of nature-based tourism Secondary data collection was done through development in Ijen crater. official visitation in office of Tourism of Banyuwangi Regency, office of tourism in MATERIALS AND METHODS Bondowoso Regency, Nature conservation Study Area Agency (BKSDA) and regional office of National Ijen Crater located at the border of Statistic Office in Banyuwangi. Focus of the Banyuwangi and Bondowoso Regency (Fig.1). Ijen research was data and information regarding Crater is one of the famous mountain based regional planning policy and implementation, tourism attraction in East Java. Administratively, regency policy regarding tourism development, Ijen Crater belong to the protected area system, and tourism statistics. namely Ijen Strict Nature Reserve. Ijen Crater is Four aspect namely tourism accessibility, the recreation area with 92 hectares. The area attraction, facility and the contribution of divided into two area management, namely stakeholder in tourism development was intensive uses zone (23.85 ha) and protection evaluated descriptively. The assessment was area (62.58 ha). In the intensive uses zone, there implemented based on direct observation and are official buildings, tourism infrastructure, interviews with respondents in the field. Focus of parking area, shelter, toilet, and restaurant and the assessments the basic feature of tourism camping ground area [6]. The natural attraction accessibility, attraction, facility and the of Ijen craters is active volcanic and sulfur lake contribution of stakeholder. Mainly, it is with green colors. The Biodiversity of Ijen Crater encompasses internal factor of the destination, was considered high. Forest fire and vandalism is i.e. strengths and weaknesses. Figure 1. Ijen Crater tourism area is part of important biodiversity area in the eastern part of East Java Province [8] [124] J.Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.3, No.3, September, 2015 Strategic Management of Nature-Based Tourism in Ijen Crater (Putri et al.) In this study, management performance of international and domestic tourism to Ijen tourism in Ijen crater was implemented to Craters grows significantly (Table 1). In Indonesia, identify the scenario for sustainable tourism poor accessibility was common in tourism development and biodiversity conservation. Tree destination. Effort to increase accessibility aspects, namely physical, economical and social therefore important. Tourist trend to natural aspects were evaluated using questionnaire environments recently recognized as a new instruments. The questionnaire was distributed lifestyle for numerous developed countries, to the both local and domestic tourist in October especially among European and American 2014. Respondents sampling was done through countries. In the future, it is predicted that accidental sampling. Totally, the questionnaire tourism grows in natural environment in East was distributes to the 60 tourist. Each important Asia and Oceania grows significantly [10]. In such aspect of such factors was assessed using a case, however, infrastructure was important to Sturgest interval criteria using calculation facilitate tourist moving. formula of Nazir [9]: K = 1+3.3 log n K = 1+3.3 (1,079) Table 1. Tourist profile in Ijen Crater from 2011 to 2014 K = 1+3.3 (log 12) + ± väwx ³ v No. Years International tourist Domestic tourist 1. 2014 28,668 6,722 From these calculation, intervals of 2. 2013 21,579 4,315 •}vv•[• v•ÁŒ oš } ZÇ•]oU 3. 2012 1,412 2,218 economical and social aspecs were classified as 4. 2011 7,643 8,785 poor (interval value 12-21), moderates (interval Source : Office of Tourism and Culture, Banyuwangi [5] value 21-30), Good (interval value 30-39), and The commitment of local government in Excellence (interval value 39-48). Banyuwangi Regency to improve road quality was In order to describe the strategy of Ijen good. It is showed by the project of forest road crater, the Internal Strategic Factors Analysis and improvement from Banyuwangi to Ijen craters. External Strategic Factors Analysis was imple- These improvements are also important to mented. The strength, weaknesses, opportunities increase the quality of the international cycling and threats of tourism implementation and tournament called Tour de Ijen. Scholar point out development in Ijen was assessed comprehen- that
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