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Name: ______Period: ______Date: ______Article of the Week Directions: Read the following article carefully and annotate. You need to include at least 1 annotation per paragraph. Be sure to include all of the following in your total annotations.

Annotation = Marking the Text + A Note of Explanation

1. Great Idea or Point – Write why you think it is a good idea or point – ! 2. Confusing Point or Idea – Write a question to ask that might help you understand – ? 3. Unknown Word or Phrase – Circle the unknown word or phrase, then write what you think it might mean based on context clues or your word knowledge – 4. A Question You Have – Write a question you have about something in the text – ?? 5. Summary – In a few sentences, write a summary of the paragraph, section, or passage – # The , dwarf at the heart of the NASA.gov, adapted by Newsela staff

Picture and Caption ______Paragraph #1 ______This image shows an enormous eruption of solar material, called a coronal ejection, spreading out into , captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics ______Observatory on January 8, 2002. Paragraph #2 Para #1 The sun is a hot ball made of glowing gases and is a type ______of star known as a yellow dwarf. It is at the heart of our solar system. ______

Para #2 The solar system consists of everything that the ______sun. The sun's holds the solar system together, by keeping everything from to bits of in its . If it weren't for Paragraph #3 the sun, our would simply fly off loose into the . ______

Para #3 The sun is responsible for the 's seasons, ocean ______currents, weather and climate. Though it is special to us, there are billions of like it scattered across the . ______

Paragraph #4 93 Million Miles From Earth ______

Para #4 The distance from the center of the sun to its outer edge is ______432,168.6 miles. It is not an especially large star — many are several bigger. However, it is still far, far bigger than our ______home planet. It would take 1.3 million to fill up the space the Paragraph #5 sun occupies. ______Para #5 The sun is around 93 million miles from Earth. Paragraph #6 The Milky Way ______Para #6 The sun is located in the Milky Way galaxy, a vast system ______containing at least 200 billion stars. It orbits the center of the Milky Way. As it travels, it brings planets, asteroids and other objects in ______the solar system along with it. Paragraph #7 Para #7 The solar system moves through the Milky Way at an average speed of 450,000 miles per hour. Even at this speed, one ______complete orbit around the Milky Way takes around 230 million ______years. As the sun travels, our Earth and all the other planets go along for the ride. ______

Para #8 The sun rotates or turns as it orbits the center of the Milky Paragraph #8 Way. Since the sun is not a solid body, different parts rotate at different rates. At its center, the sun spins around once about ______every 25 days, while at its poles it rotates once every 36 days. ______

Sun Formed 4.5 Billion Years Ago ______

Para #9 The sun formed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and Paragraph #9 dust about 4.5 billion years ago. Like all stars, it will someday run out of . When the sun starts to die, it will grow so large it will ______eat up and and maybe even Earth. Scientists ______believe the sun will live for around another 6.5 billion years. ______Made Of , Paragraph #10 Para #10 The sun is around 71 percent hydrogen and 27 percent helium. ______Para #11 It has six regions. Its inside is made up of the core, the radiative zone and the convective zone. Its outside consists of the Paragraph #11 visible surface, or , the , and the outermost region, or corona. ______

Para #12 At the core, the temperature is about 27 million degrees ______Fahrenheit. In the connective zone, the temperature drops down to Paragraph #12 below 3.5 million degrees. The surface of the sun — the part we can see — is about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit. That is much ______cooler than the blazing core, but it is still hot enough to make diamonds not just melt, but boil. ______Paragraph #13 To Earth In 8 Minutes ______Para #13 The surface of the sun, or photosphere, is a 300-mile-thick region. It is not a solid surface like the surface of a ______planet, but simply the outer layer of the gassy star. ______Para #14 We see from the photosphere as sunlight. It Paragraph #14 reaches Earth about eight minutes after it leaves the sun. ______Chromosphere And Solar Eclipses ______Para #15 Above the photosphere lie the wispy chromosphere and the corona, or crown. Together, these make up the thin solar Paragraph #15 atmosphere, or the layer of gasses that surround the sun. ______

Para #16 Visible light from these top regions is usually too weak to ______be seen against the brighter photosphere. However, when the covers the photosphere in a these regions do ______become visible. The chromosphere looks like a rim around the sun, and the corona looks like a beautiful ring of flowers. Paragraph #16 ______Sunspots, Solar Flares ______Para #17 Electric currents in the sun generate a powerful . The field is carried out through the solar system by . ______Solar wind is a stream of electrically charged gas that blows outward from the sun in all directions. Paragraph #17 ______Para #18 About every 11 years, the sun's geographic poles change their magnetic polarity — the negative pole becomes the positive ______pole, and vice versa. When this happens, the surface of the sun becomes violently active. occur and solar flares shoot out ______into space. These events can disrupt satellites and other communication devices. Our TV may not work, our cell phones will Paragraph #18 be down, a high-speed train may run loose and if an ______happens to be on the moon at the when the sun erupts, he or she would be in great danger. ______

Ancient And Superman ______

______Para #19 The sun has inspired mythological stories in cultures around the world, including those of the ancient Egyptians, the Paragraph #19 Aztecs of Mexico, Native American tribes of North and South America, the Chinese, and many others. ______

Para #20 If you're Superman (or a fellow Kryptonian), your powers ______are heightened by the yellow glow of our sun, and you can even dispose of dangerous materials like Superboy once did, by hurling ______them into the sun. Paragraph #20

______

______

TURN TO BACK PAGE FOR QUESTIONS

QUIZ Standard 1: What the Text Says 1. Which section of the article highlights what will happen to the sun in the future?

(A) The Milky Way Galaxy"

(B) "Sun Formed 4.5 Billion Years Ago"

(C) "Sunlight To Earth In 8 Minutes"

(D) "Ancient Myths And Superman"

Standard 1: What the Text Says 2. Select the sentence from the section "The Milky Way Galaxy" that demonstrates the force of the sun's gravity.

(A) The sun is located in the Milky Way galaxy, a vast system containing at least 200 billion stars.

(B) As it travels, it brings planets, asteroids and other objects in the solar system along with it.

(C) Even at this speed, one complete orbit around the Milky Way takes around 230 million years.

(D) Since the sun is not a solid body, different parts rotate at different rates.

Standard 4: Word Meaning and Choice 3. Read the FIRST PARAGRAPH of the article.

The sun is a hot ball made of glowing gases and is a type of star known as a yellow dwarf. It is at the heart of our solar system.

Based on the article, why does the author compare the sun to a "heart"?

(A) because it is unique among billions of stars in our galaxy.

(B) because it forms a similar shape as it moves in its orbit

(C) because it is the force that gives energy to our solar system

(D) because many cultures have shown their love for the sun

Standard 4: Word Meaning and Choice 4. Read the sentence from the section "The Milky Way Galaxy."

The sun is located in the Milky Way galaxy, a vast system containing at least 200 billion stars.

Which option is the BEST definition of the word "vast" as used in the sentence?

(A) cloudy (B) traveling

(C) empty (D) enormous