View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Lincoln Institutional Repository Composition of bird nests is a species-specific characteristic Lucia E. Biddle*, Robyn E. Broughton, Adrian M. Goodman and D. Charles Deeming* School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, UK *Corresponding authors email:
[email protected];
[email protected] Running headline: bird nest composition ABSTRACT Bird nests represent an extended phenotype of individuals expressed during reproduction and so exhibit variability in composition, structure and function. Descriptions of nests based on qualitative observations suggest that there is interspecific variation in size and composition but there are very few species in which this has been confirmed. For these species, data of the amounts of different materials indicate that nest construction behaviour is plastic and affected by a variety of factors, such as prevailing temperature, geographic location, and availability of materials. The lack of data on nest composition is hampering our understanding of how nests achieve their various functions and how different species solve the problem of building a nest that will accommodate incubation and allow successful hatching of eggs. This study deconstructed nests of four species of the Turdidae, four species of the Muscicapidae, and six species of the Fringillidae and quantified the size of the nests and their composition. These data were used to test: 1) whether nest size correlated with adult bird mass; 2) whether it was possible to distinguish between species on the basis of their nest composition; and 3) whether, within a species, it was possible to distinguish between the cup lining and the rest of the nest based on composition.