DOCSLIB.ORG

Download File

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download File i Adolescent Girls’ Voices on Enhancing their Own Productivity in Pakistan December 2018 Authors: Iram Kamran Tahira Parveen Maqsood Sadiq Rehan Niazi i The Population Council confronts critical health and development issues—from stopping the spread of HIV to improving reproductive health and ensuring that young people lead full and productive lives. Through biomedical, social science, and public health research in 50 countries, we work with our partners to deliver solutions that lead to more effective policies, programs, and technologies that improve lives around the world. Established in 1952 and headquartered in New York, the Council is a nongovernmental, nonprofit organization governed by an international board of trustees. Population Council 3rd Floor, NTC Building (North), Sector F-5/1 Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: +92 51 920 5566 Fax: +92 51 282 1401 Email: [email protected] http://www.popcouncil.org ii Table of Contents Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. vii Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... viii Methodology .......................................................................................................................................................... viii Findings .................................................................................................................................................................... ix Recommendations ................................................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Expected Impact of Study ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Background .................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Structure of the Report ............................................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 2 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Objectives of the Study .............................................................................................................................. 13 2.2 Research Questions ................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Research Location and Sampling Methodology ........................................................................................ 14 2.4 Profile of the Study Districts ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Methodological Design .............................................................................................................................. 16 2.6 Ethical Standards and Compliance ............................................................................................................ 20 Chapter 3 Adolescent Girls in the Study Districts: Transition Status and Time Use ............................. 21 3.1 Profile of the Study Respondents .............................................................................................................. 21 3.2 Transition Status of Adolescent Girls ......................................................................................................... 24 3.3 Time Use among the NEEM Girls ............................................................................................................... 28 3.4 Access to and Use of Mobile Technology among NEEM Girls ................................................................... 32 3.5 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................ 33 Chapter 4 Why the Girls Are Not in School: Perspectives and Potential for Change ........................... 35 4.1 Availability of Schools at Community Level ............................................................................................... 35 4.2 Attitudes towards Girls’ Education ............................................................................................................ 36 4.3 Attitudes about Girls’ being Out of School ................................................................................................ 37 4.4 Reasons for Girls’ being Out of School ...................................................................................................... 40 4.5 Gender Differences – Reasons for Boys’ Dropping Out of School ............................................................ 58 4.6 Girls’ Aspirations ........................................................................................................................................ 62 4.7 Respondents’ Suggestions for Getting Girls Back to School ...................................................................... 64 4.8 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................ 67 Chapter 5 Work Prospects for Adolescent Girls .................................................................................. 68 5.1 Work Opportunities in the Community ..................................................................................................... 68 5.2 Current Work Spheres for Girls ................................................................................................................. 69 5.3 Girls’ Perspectives on the Effects of Working for Pay ............................................................................... 71 5.4 Why OOS Girls are Not Engaged in Paid Work .......................................................................................... 73 5.5 Boys’ Participation in Economic Activities in the Study Communities ..................................................... 78 5.6 Preferred Work Spheres for Girls .............................................................................................................. 80 iii 5.7 Scope for Expanding Work Choices for Girls ............................................................................................. 81 5.8 Respondents’ Suggestions for Persuading Parents to Permit their Daughters to Work .......................... 84 5.9 Perspectives of Employers on Girls’ Employability .................................................................................... 86 5.10 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................ 88 Chapter 6 Discussion and Recommendations ..................................................................................... 91 6.1 Discussion .................................................................................................................................................. 91 6.2 Lessons Learned ........................................................................................................................................ 94 6.3 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................... 96 Appendixes ...................................................................................................................................... 110 Appendix A: List of Reference Group Members .................................................................................................... 110 Appendix B: Approval of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) ............................................................................. 111 Appendix C: Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Study Respondents ........................................................ 112 Appendix D: Access to and Use of Mobile Technology among Girl Respondents ................................................. 115 References ....................................................................................................................................... 116 iv List of Tables Table 1.1: Key population and development indicators for adolescent girls in Pakistan ............................. 2 Table 1.2: Net enrollment rates at primary and secondary level, Pakistan 2001–02 and 2014–15 ............. 6 Table 1.3: Net enrollment rates among girls at primary and secondary level, by socioeconomic status, Pakistan 2014–15 ......................................................................................................................... 7 Table 2.1: Profile of overall population and specifically of girls aged 15-19 years in the study districts ... 16 Table 2.2: Number of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions conducted in study districts, by urban/rural location and type of respondent ...........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Child Marriages in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences
    Journal of Indian Studies Vol. 4, No. 2, July – December, 2018, pp. 195 – 207 Child Marriages in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences Muhammad Muzaffar Government College Women University Sialkot, Pakistan. Zahid Yaseen Government College Women University Sialkot, Pakistan. Aisha Ahmad Bahuddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. ABSTRACT The culture of marrying off girls in childhood or in early adolescent age is a top line issue in Pakistan. The impacts of this issue are quite lasting because it leads to a host of problems in their further way of life. Among its adverse impacts, barrier on their education is immediate one. It makes them engage into practical familial household without sufficient mental maturity. Thus the early-wed girls are pressed under challenges of a difficult phase of life before they are suitably prepared for it. Another adverse effect befalls upon their physical health. They are vulnerable to various medical complications and suffer from serious health issues. There is strong association between marrying at later age and higher level of education along with better reproductive health. The early marriages are made upon various socio-cultural and socioeconomic grounds. Some of those reasons are exchange-marriages (watta-satta), recompense-through-girl (vanni), money-for-girl (Valwarr) and evading expenses on girls’ brought-up and education. When girls are married in early teens, their right to education is plainly denied and because of too early exposure to conjugal living, their reproductive health and physical wellbeing is badly affected. Key Words: Marriage, Early, Education, Barrier, Rights, Violation, Health Introduction “Let us become the first generation to decide to be the last that sees empty classrooms, lost childhoods and wasted potentials.
    [Show full text]
  • THE IMPACT of POPULATION GROWTH on SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: PAKISTANI EXPERIENCE by Ahmad, Afzaal THESIS Submitted to KDI Sc
    THE IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: PAKISTANI EXPERIENCE by Ahmad, Afzaal THESIS submitted to KDI School of Public Policy & Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY 2011 THE IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: PAKISTANI EXPERIENCE by Ahmad, Afzaal THESIS submitted to KDI School of Public Policy & Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY 2011 Professor YOO, Jungho Copyright by: Ahmad, Afzaal (complete legal name) 2011 (the year of publication) Dedicated to: My parents…supported my education while living in a far-flung hamlet and elevated to the highest possible level of education…expired before my educational attainment from KDI School of Public Policy & Management and could not see their foreign qualified son. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research paper has been prepared in order to fulfill the thesis requirement for the Master in Public Policy at KDI School of Public Policy and Management, Seoul, Republic of Korea. My guide and supervisor, Professor Jungho Yoo had been instrumental and originator of ideas regarding the subject prima facie very simple but containing plethora of enigmas found on meticulous perusal of materials and comprehensive discussion with him. His extensive argumentation changed some of my cardinal beliefs based on the knowledge gained after years of my personal hard works which implies his much more expertise on the subject. I would like to thank my wife Rizwana Urooj and my daughter Eimaan Ahmad, who spared me for a long time of one year to pursue my studies all alone and suffered from my absence and love, my dear brothers Ikram Ahmad Chuadhry and Engr.
    [Show full text]
  • Prospects of Youth Radicalization in Pakistan
    THE BROOKINGS PROJECT ON U.S. RELATIONS W ITH THE ISLA M IC WORLD ANALYSIS PAPER Number 14, October 2008 PROS P ECTS OF Y OUTH RADICALIZATION IN PAKISTAN Implications for U.S. Policy at BROOKINGS Moeed Yusuf THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE ., NW WASHINGTON , D.C. 20036-2103 www.brookings.edu THE BROOKINGS PROJECT ON U.S. RELATIONS WITH THE ISLAMIC WORLD ANALYSIS PAPER Number 14, October 2008 PROS P ECTS OF Y OUTH RADICALIZATION IN PAKISTAN : Implications for U.S. Policy at BROOKINGS Moeed Yusuf ACKNOWLEDGMENTS would like to thank Stephen P. Cohen for help- I ing me conceptualize the idea and mentoring the project and Ejaz Hadier for providing continu- ous input on the manuscript. I am also grateful to Shanza Khan and Dhruva Jaishankar for their com- ments. THE SA B AN CENTER FOR MIDDLE EAST POLIC Y AT BROOKINGS III AB OUT THE AUTHOR Moeed Yusuf is currently a Fellow at the His research interests include: youth demographics Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the in Pakistan, prospects for radicalization in Pakistan, Longer-Range Future at Boston University. He is Pakistan’s national security narrative, civil-military also a Doctoral student and Teaching Fellow at the relations, Pakistan’s nuclear program, the stability- University’s Political Science Department. Con- instability paradox, strategic balance between Paki- currently, Mr. Yusuf serves as a Research Fellow at stan and India, global non-proliferation regime, the Strategic and Economic Policy Research, Pakistan. He Kashmir dispute, and United States strategic inter- has previously been at the Brookings Institution as ests in South Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Children and Youth in Pakistan
    1 Justice Nasir Aslam Zahid National Institute of Management Karachi 26th May, 2015 Children and Youth in Pakistan 1. Infant mortality, Childs malnutrition and MDGs1:- In 2014 United Nations International Children Education and Fund (UNICEF) published its annual report on the state of the world child. 2. 2015 is the culminating year of the United Nations established millennium development Goals, MDGs. Pakistan was ranked at 26th in the list of countries with the highest infant mortality rate. According to the report, an estimated 86 babies died below the age of five per every 1000 live births in Pakistan during the year 2012. The figure comes from 409,000 babies dying below the age of five out of 4,604,000 newborns in 2012. The 8.6% rate is an improvement since 1990, when the under-five mortality rate was measured at 13.8%. 1 EN-FINAL FULL REPORT 2 For children under the age of one, the number of babies dying per a thousand births was 106 in 1990, and an improved 69 in 2012. Also for 2012, the average life expectancy for every newborn child was 66, while one third of all children under the age of five in Pakistan were underweight. 41.2 per cent (73.8 million) of Pakistan‟s 179.1 million population is 18-years old or younger. Marriage and birth: The report revealed that seven per cent of Pakistanis were married by the age of 15, and 24% by 18. A staggering 87, 000 people are living with HIV in 2012. In urban areas, twice as many women were likely to have a skilled attendant at their birth than in rural areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Youth in Pakistan: Priorities, Realities and Policy Responses Zeba Sathar Population Council
    Population Council Knowledge Commons Poverty, Gender, and Youth Social and Behavioral Science Research (SBSR) 2016 Youth in Pakistan: Priorities, realities and policy responses Zeba Sathar Population Council Iram Kamran Population Council Maqsood Sadiq Population Council Sabahat Hussain Population Council Follow this and additional works at: https://knowledgecommons.popcouncil.org/ departments_sbsr-pgy Part of the Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the International Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Sathar, Zeba, Iram Kamran, Maqsood Sadiq, and Sabahat Hussain. 2016. "Youth in Pakistan: Priorities, realities and policy responses." Islamabad: Population Council. This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Population Council. 1 Youth in Pakistan: Priorities, Realities and Policy Responses Authors: Contributors: Zeba A. Sathar Ali Muhammad Mir Iram Kamran Zeba Tasneem Maqsood Sadiq Tahira Parveen Sabahat Hussain Rehan Niazi i The Population Council confronts critical health and development issues—from stopping the spread of HIV to improving reproductive health and ensuring that young people lead full and productive lives. Through biomedical, social science, and public health research in 50 countries, we work with our partners to deliver solutions that lead to more effective policies, programs, and technologies that improve lives. © 2016 The Population Council, Inc. For inquiries, please contact: Population Council Add: 7, Street 62, F-6/3, Islamabad, 44000,
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Analysis of Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan
    1 Situation Analysis of Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan December 2019 i The Population Council confronts critical health and development issues—from stopping the spread of HIV to improving reproductive health and ensuring that young people lead full and productive lives. Through biomedical, social science, and public health research in 50 countries, we work with our partners to deliver solutions that lead to more effective policies, programs, and technologies that improve lives around the world. Established in 1952 and headquartered in New York, the Council is a nongovernmental, nonprofit organization governed by an international board of trustees. Population Council 3rd Floor, NTC Building (North), Sector F-5/1 Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: +92 51 920 5566 Fax: +92 51 282 1401 Email: [email protected] http://www.popcouncil.org ii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................. VII ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................... VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ IX CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY .................................................................................... 1 Background ...................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sindh Youth Policy
    Sindh Youth Policy SINDH YOUTH POLICY YET TO BE APPROVED BY COMPETENT AUTHORITY Sports &Youth Affairs Department | Government of Sindh Page | 1 Sindh Youth Policy Page | 2 Sindh Youth Policy Vision To create an enabling environment IN LINE WITH paragraph 4, 8, 12, 16 & 18 of preamble of constitution of Islamic republic of Pakistan, 1973 read with article-2a &ARTICLE-25 OF THE said temporal bible FOR THE YOUTH IN SINDH, BY PROVIDING THEM FAIR AND EQUItABLE, OPPORTUNITIES TO REALIZE THEIR full POTENTIAL IN ENVIRONMENT BEFITTING TO REVERED VALUES OF GENUINE Republic CONSISTENT TO LOFTY, CHERISHED AND SHARED VALUES of Indus civilization for A DEVELOPED AND Prosperous TODAY’S PAKISTAN AND POSTERIOR Generations. Mission To raise youth who are OR NOT (UNFORTUNATELY) economically active, socially aligned and politically engaged in the Sindh province and who possess useful competencies and tolerant values to become valuable citizens of Pakistan Page | 3 Sindh Youth Policy Message from the Honourable Governor It gives me great satisfaction that the Sindh Youth Policy has been formulated. This is a milestone achievement of the Government of Sindh which not only translates the 18th amendment to the Pakistani constitution into a reality, but also provides a multi-sectoral framework and practicable action plan for guiding all youth development work in the province. It is a matter of further appeasement that the policy has been developed in consultation with all stakeholders from government, corporate and social sectors. I congratulate the Government and especially the Youth Affairs Department for devising a wonderful policy instrument for youth to seize economic, social and civic opportunities inherent in the policy and to become useful citizens for a thriving Sindh and Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Youth Engagement in Pakistan: Baseline Evaluation and Way Forward
    Youth Engagement in Pakistan: Baseline Evaluation and Way Forward Copyright © PIPS 2019. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing from the publisher of this book. All enquiries regarding reproduction should be sent to PIPS at its address given below. Title by: Tariq M. Sajjad Formatting: Zee Graphics Printer: BPH Printers, Lahore, Pakistan. ISBN: 978-969-9370-36-6 Edition: First P.O. Box 2110, Islamabad, Pakistan. Tel: +92-51-8359475-6 Fax: +92-51-8359474 Email: [email protected] Web: www.pakpips.com Price: PKR 100.00 Contents Summary of key findings ............................................... 5 Introduction................................................................ 11 1. Youth engagement in Pakistan ................................... 15 1.1 Nature and scope of youth engagement programs ........ 17 • Political participation and capacity building ............... 17 • Economic empowerment and development .............. 26 • Social and community-level engagement .................. 31 • Art, culture and literature .......................................... 39 • Religious and ideological domain ............................. 47 • Focused on gender, minorities and disabled ............... 51 1.2 Outreach, impact and constraints ................................. 56 2. Youth engagement for CVE, peace & harmony ................. 66 2.1 Avenues for improvement .........................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Missing Demographic in Pakistan's SRHR Policies And
    Leaving the Youth Behind: The Missing Demographic in Pakistan’s SRHR Policies and Programmes Pakistan’s Report on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD+25) Shirkat Gah – Women’s Resource Centre, Pakistan NATIONAL REPORT Leaving the Youth Behind: The Missing Demographic in Pakistan’s SRHR Policies and Programmes Published by: Shirkat Gah – Women’s Resource Centre 68 Tipu Block, New Garden Town, Lahore. Telephone: +92 (042) 35838815 Website: shirkatgah.org Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/shirkatgahdotorg Twitter: @Shirkat_Gah Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women (ARROW) 1 & 2 Jalan Scott, Brickfields, 50470 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Telephone: (603) 2273 9913/ 9914 Email: [email protected] Website: www.arrow.org.my Facebook: The Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women (ARROW) Twitter: @ARROW_Women YouTube: youtube.com/user/ARROWomen Production Team: Writer: Madiha Latif, Ghausia Rashid Salam, Madiha Shekhani Reviewers: Dr. Yasmeen Qazi, Sai Jyothirmai Racherla, Shamala Chandrasekaran Editor: Farida Shaheed Layout Design: Husnain Jalil Shah Layout: Husnain Jalil Shah Photo Credit: Shah Zaman Printer: Balance Ad Any part of the text of the publication may be photocopied, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, or adapted and translated to meet local needs, for non-commercial and non-profit purposes. However, the copyright for images used remains with the respective copyright holders. All forms of copies, reproductions, adaptations, and translations through mechanical, electrical, or electronic means should acknowledge ARROW as the source. A copy of the reproduction, adaptation, and/or translation should be sent to ARROW.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    CONTENTS Preface 5 Acknowledgements 7 Acronyms 8 Chapter 1: Introduction 11 1.1 Adolescent nutrition and malnutrition 11 1.2 Adolescent nutrition in the regional context 15 1.3 Addressing adolescent malnutrition 16 Chapter 2: Adolescent nutrition in Pakistan 20 2.1 Epidemiological and demographic status 20 2.2 Determinants of malnutrition among adolescents in Pakistan 26 2.3 Policy and programmatic response 27 2.4 Development of Pakistan Adolescent Nutrition Strategy 31 Chapter 3: Pakistan Adolescent Nutrition Strategy 35 3.1 Goal, objectives and outcomes 35 3.2 Strategic areas and sub-strategies 37 Strategic area 1: Enabling environment 37 Strategic area 2: Programmatic response 41 Strategic area 3: Evidence 45 3.3 Federal strategic plan 48 3.4 Provincial strategic plans 51 Chapter 4. Implementation arrangements 57 4.1 Implementing partners and their roles 57 4.2 Delivery platforms 62 Chapter 5. Monitoring, evaluation and reporting 64 5.1 Programme indicators 65 5.2 Management indicators 65 Pakistan Adolescent Nutrition Strategy and Operational Plan | 2020 - 2025 3 5.3 Progress monitoring 65 5.4 Reporting mechanisms 65 Strategy matrices 68 Federal operational plan 69 Balochistan operational plan 83 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa operational plan 96 Punjab operational plan 109 Sindh operational plan 123 ANNEXES 137 Annex 1. Adolescent nutrition and supplementation guidelines 138 Annex 2. Management indicators 141 FIGURES Figure 1: Adolescent nutrition in the life cycle approach 14 Figure 2: Framework of interventions and determinants of adolescent
    [Show full text]
  • Youth in Pakistan: Priorities, Realities and Policy Responses
    1 Youth in Pakistan: Priorities, Realities and Policy Responses Authors: Contributors: Zeba A. Sathar Ali Muhammad Mir Iram Kamran Zeba Tasneem Maqsood Sadiq Tahira Parveen Sabahat Hussain Rehan Niazi i The Population Council confronts critical health and development issues—from stopping the spread of HIV to improving reproductive health and ensuring that young people lead full and productive lives. Through biomedical, social science, and public health research in 50 countries, we work with our partners to deliver solutions that lead to more effective policies, programs, and technologies that improve lives. © 2016 The Population Council, Inc. For inquiries, please contact: Population Council Add: 7, Street 62, F-6/3, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan Tel: 92 51 844 5566 Fax: 92 51 282 1401 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.popcouncil.org Layout and design: Ali Ammad Published: August 2016 ii Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... v ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................................. vii 1. THE FUTURE IS NOW ...................................................................................................................................1 The Challenge before Us ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Disparities
    [Show full text]
  • Child, Early and Forced Marriage: a Multi- Country Study
    Child, Early and Forced Marriage: A Multi- Country Study A Submission to the UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OCHCR) 15 December 2013 Women Living Under Muslim Laws December 2013 Copyright 2013 About WLUML Women Living Under Muslim Laws Women Living Under Muslim Laws Information contained in this report do not (WLUML) is an international solidarity necessarily represent the views and positions network that provides information, support of the compilers or of the network Women and a collective space for women whose Living Under Muslim Laws, unless stated. lives are shaped, conditioned or governed by Women’s groups may freely reproduce laws and customs said to derive from Islam. material, however we would appreciate acknowledgements For more than two decades WLUML has linked individual women and organisations. It now extends to more than 70 countries Acknowledgements ranging from South Africa to Uzbekistan, Senegal to Indonesia and Brazil to France. We would like to acknowledge those who have directly contributed to this initiative: Regional Coordination Offices in Senegal Rochelle Terman, as the principal researcher (Africa and Middle East) and Pakistan (Asia) and writer of this report; Rima Athar who and are responsible for coordinating network coordinated and compiled the contributions activities in their respective regions: of our key partners and wrote some of the sections; Edna Aquino, Strategic Adviser on Africa & Middle East Coordination Office Culturally-Justified Violence against Women Groupe de Recherche sur les Femmes et les and Mariem Omari, Deputy Coordinator of Lois au Senegal (GREFELS) the International Coordinating Office of WLUML for their invaluable guidance and PO BOX 5330, Dakar Fann, Dakar, Senegal comments on the various drafts; and most of Email: [email protected] and all, to the following national partners of [email protected] WLUML in its program on child/forced marriage for their country-specific Asia Coordination Office information and analysis.
    [Show full text]