Upper Paleozoic Rocks in the Oquirrh Mountains and Bingham Mining District, Utah
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Upper Paleozoic Rocks in The Oquirrh Mountains and Bingham Mining District, Utah GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 629 - A Upper Paleozoic Rocks in The Oquirrh Mountains and Bingham Mining District, Utah By E. W. TOOKER and RALPH J. ROBERTS with a section on BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND CORRELATION By MACKENZIE GORDON, JR. and HELEN M. DUNCAN GEOLOGIC STUDIES OF THE BINGHAM MINING DISTRICT, UTAH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 629-A A study of the structures, the lithologic successions, and the fossils of two sequences of rocks of the same age that are juxtaposed by thrust faults UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING, OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 73-607760 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $1 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Psge Abstract _________________________ Al Biostratigraphy and correlation of the Oquirrh Group and related rocks in the Oquirrh Mountains, Utah, Introduction _________________________ 1 by Mackenzie Gordon, Jr., and Helen M. Duncan __ A38 Acknowledgments ______________________ 2 Rogers Canyon sequence _ _ 39 Geologic setting _____________________ 2 Green Ravine Formation ____________ 40 Previous terminology and recommended changes 5 Lake Point Limestone ______________"_ 42 Revised upper Paleozoic stratigraphy __________ 9 Erda Formation __________________ 46 Kessler Canyon Formation ___________ 48 Rogers Canyon sequence _____________ 9 Park City Formation, Grandeur Member __ 49 Green Ravine Formation ___________ 10 Bingham sequence ___________ _ 50 Oquirrh Group ___________________ 11 West Canyon Limestone _____ 50 Lake Point Limestone _______ 11 Butterfield Peaks Formation ______ 50 Erda Formation _________________ 14 Bingham Mine Formation ___________ 53 Kessler Canyon Formation _______ 18 Clipper Ridge Member ________ _ 53 Markham Peak Member ____ _ 53 Park City Formation ______________ 21 Correlation and age of the Bingham Mine Grandeur Member __________ 21 Formation _______________ 55 Bingham sequence ____________________ 23 Register of late Paleozoic megafauna collecting locali Oquirrh Group ________________ 23 ties in the Oquirrh Mountains, Utah ______ 57 West Canyon Limestone _____ 23 Register of late Paleozoic fusulinid collecting localities Butterfield Peaks Formation _____ 27 in the Oquirrh Mountains, Utah, identification and Bingham Mine Formation _____ 33 comments concerning fusulinids by R. C. Douglass _ 66 Clipper Ridge Member _______ 33 References ____________ 70 Markham Peak Member ______ 35 Index __________________________ 73 ILLUSTRATIONS Pa<"e FIGURE 1. Index map showing the principal mountain ranges in the Great Basin region in northwestern Utah ___ /2 2. Sketch map of the Oquirrh Mountains and South Mountain showing the locations of the Rogers Canyon, Bingham, and Curry Peak sequences _____.__________________________________ 3 3. Generalized columnar sections of the Rogers Canyon and Bingham sequences in the Oquirrh Mountains_ 4 4. Sketch map of the Oquirrh Mountains showing location of type and reference sections _______ _ _ 5 5. Columnar sections showing the development of upper Paleozoic rock-stratigraphic divisions in the Bingham sequence ________________________.___________________________________ 6 6. Columnar sections showing the development of upper Paleozoic rock stratigraphic divisions in the Rogers Canyon sequence __________________._____________________________________ 8 7-12. Photographs of: 7. Typical exposures of Rogers Canyon sequence _____________________ _ 12 8. General features of the lithology of the lowermost part of the Lake Point Limestone _ __ __ ]"3 9. The upper two-thirds of Erda Formation and the basal part of Kessler Canyon Formation _ 15 10. Typical exposures of reference section of the West Canyon Limestone and the basal portion of the Butterfield Peaks Formation in Soldier Canyon __________________-__________ 24 11. Typical exposures of the middle part of the Butterfield Peaks Formation at the head of White Pine Canyon tributary of Middle Canyon __.________________________________ _ 27 12. Typical exposures of the Jordan (limestone) marker bed (a thick cherty limestone) within the base of the Clipper Ridge Member of the Bingham Mine Formation at the type locality of the member in Middle Canyon ______-______________________________ _ 28 13. Correlation chart of sections in the central Great Basin ____________________________ 56 III IV CONTENTS TABLES Page TABLES 1-6. Megafaunas: 1. Green Ravine Formation type section ___________________________________ A40 2. Lake Point Limestone type section _______________________________________ ' 43 3. Erda Formation type section __________________________________________ 46 4. Park City Formation, Grandeur Member reference section __________________ 49 5. West Canyon Limestone reference sections in West Canyon and Soldier Canyon ______ 51 6. Butterfield Peaks Formation type and reference sections in West Canyon and Soldier Canyon _ 52 GEOLOGIC STUDIES OF THE BINGHAM MINING DISTRICT, UTAH UPPER PALEOZOIC ROCKS IN THE OQUIRRH MOUNTAINS AND BINGHAM MINING DISTRICT, UTAH By E. W. TOOKER and RALPH J. ROBERTS ABSTRACT vanian age consists of the following formational units in the Oquirrh Group: the West Canyon Limestone (redefined) of Recent studies in the Oquirrh Mountains indicate that the Early Pennsylvania age; the Butterfield Peaks Formation rocks of late Paleozoic age may be divided into two main (new), of Middle Pennsylvanian age; and the Bingham Mine sedimentary sequences, one north of the North Oquirrh thrust Formation (redefined) of Late Pennsylvanian age, which is fault and the other south of the Midas thrust fault. Upper divided into the Clipper Ridge and overlying Markham Peak Paleozoic stratigraphic sections, which make up most of the rocks in the range and in the Bingham mining district, are Members (new). in the Bingham sequence, on the upper plate of the Midas . The Carboniferous and Early Permian rocks of the Oquirrh thrust; a much thinner section of comparable age occurs Mountains are very fossiliferous locally and provide a rea in the Rogers Canyon sequence, on the upper plate of the sonable basis for dating these rocks. They also provide a North Oquirrh thrust. Underlying both the North Oquirrh faunal and biostratigraphic framework for correlating the and Midas thrusts is an areally small, stratigraphically in formations of the Rogers Canyon and Bingham sequences with complete, complexly folded, faulted, and altered sequence, each other and with similar rock sequences elsewhere in the which seems stratigraphically and structurally more akin to Great Basin and border areas to the east. the Rogers Canyon sequence than to the Bingham sequence. The main stratigraphic unit of the Rogers Canyon and INTRODUCTION Bingham sequences, the Oquirrh Group, is composed of three The stratigraphy of sedimentary rocks in different mappable lithologic units: a lower clastic limestone; a middle unit consisting of cyclically repeated limestone, shale, and parts of the Oquirrh Mountains, Utah, has been tl °. sandstone; and an upper unit of interlayered thick beds of subject of many reports during the past 70 years quartz sandstone and thin beds of carbonate sandstone. (Spurr, 1895; Keith, 1905; Gilluly, 1932; Nygreen, Formal names are here proposed for the units in the Rogers 1958; Bissell, 1959; Welsh and James, 1961; Tooker Canyon sequence, and previous terminology is examined for and Roberts, 1961, 1963). Several systems of strati- comparable units in the Bingham sequence because of the distinctive sedimentary and faunal characteristics in each. graphic nomenclature have been proposed in the?e In addition, some member units and marker beds of local reports for rocks in specific areas within the range, significance are recognized. These lithologic units have been but no comprehensive definitive stratigraphic ter useful in the preparation of new geologic maps of the Oquirrh minology for the whole range has been published. Mountains and in making regional correlations with com The investigations by Welsh and James (1961) in parable rocks elsewhere in the Great Basin. the central and southern parts of the range, par The Rogers Canyon sequence consists of the following formational units, in ascending order: the Green Ravine ticularly near the Bingham ore deposits, and tl n Formation (new) of Late Mississippian age; the Oquirrh studies by Tooker and Roberts (1961; 196F) Group comprising the Lake Point Limestone (new) of Late throughout the range are updated in the present Mississippian and Early Pennsylvanian age1, the Erda For report and new stratigraphic and faunal data are mation (new) of Middle Pennsylvanian age, and the Keesler Canyon Formation (new) of Late Pennsylvanian and Early included. The revised stratigraphic data provide Permian (?) age; and the Grandeur Member of the Park standard units for geologic quadrangle maps of the City Formation of Early Permian age. Oquirrh Mountains. The part of the Bingham sequence overlying the Manning The stratigraphic nomenclature used in this re Canyon Shale of Late Mississippian and Early Pennsyl- port is largely based on the measured sections and maps of Welsh and James (1961, pis. 2 and 5), tH 1 Since the preparation of this report, it has been determined that measured sections and map by Tooker and Roberts paleontologic evidence shows a slight difference