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The Archaeology of Lapita Dispersal in Oceania
The archaeology of Lapita dispersal in Oceania pers from the Fourth Lapita Conference, June 2000, Canberra, Australia / Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and Island Melanesia — lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present. Since the beginning of the series, the basic colour on the spine and cover has distinguished the regional distribution of topics, as follows: ochre for Australia, green for New Guinea, red for Southeast Asia and blue for the Pacific islands. From 2001, issues with a gold spine will include conference proceedings, edited papers, and monographs which in topic or desired format do not fit easily within the original arrangements. All volumes are numbered within the same series. List of volumes in Terra Australis Volume 1: Burrill Lake and Currarong: coastal sites in southern New South Wales. R.J. Lampert (1971) Volume 2: Ol Tumbuna: archaeological excavations in the eastern central Highlands, Papua New Guinea. J.P. White (1972) Volume 3: New Guinea Stone Age Trade: the geography and ecology of traffic in the interior. I. Hughes (1977) Volume 4: Recent Prehistory in Southeast Papua. B. Egloff (1979) Volume 5: The Great Kartan Mystery. R. Lampert (1981) Volume 6: Early Man in North Queensland: art and archeaology in the Laura area. -
The Emergence of Shell Valuable Exchange in the New Guinea Highlands
The Emergence of Shell Valuable Exchange in the New Guinea Highlands Dylan Gaffney, Glenn R. Summerhayes, Katherine Szabo, and Brent Koppel ABSTRACT Shell valuable exchange in the New Guinea Highlands has been a key interest in anthropology, providing insight into economics, aesthetics, and social stratification amongst banded communities. This paper describes how shell exchange at ethnographic present reflects deeper historical processes. We trace the origins and subsequent changes in shell use from the terminal Pleistocene to the Late Holocene at the site of Kiowa in Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea. Zooarchaeological and technological analyses of Kiowa’s shell artifacts indicates riverine mussel was procured locally from the terminal Pleistocene (9,500–10,000 years ago) and featured as a minor component in the diet into the recent precolonial period. In contrast, evidence for marine shell valuables only appears in the Late Holocene in the form of Trochus armbands and Tegillarca granosa and Polymesoda cf. erosa multifunctional tools. This challenges ideas that associate the gradual dispersal of marine shell into the highlands with the spread of agriculture around the Wahgi Valley at the start of the Holocene, and supports punctuated pulses of coastal contact. In doing so, we formulate a testable model for the development of shell exchange into the highlands, with implications for the emergence of stratification and the conduits between the interior and coast. [shell valuables, trade and exchange, coastal contact, stratification, New Guinea Highlands] RESUMEN El intercambio valioso de conchas en la zona montañosa de la Nueva Guinea ha sido un interés clave en antropología, proveyendo conocimiento en la economía, la estética y la estratificación económica entre las comunidades congregadas. -
The Emergence of Shell Valuable Exchange in the New Guinea Highlands
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo The Emergence of Shell Valuable Exchange in the New Guinea Highlands Dylan Gaffney, Glenn R. Summerhayes, Katherine Szabo, and Brent Koppel ABSTRACT Shell valuable exchange in the New Guinea Highlands has been a key interest in anthropology, providing insight into economics, aesthetics, and social stratification amongst banded communities. This paper describes how shell exchange at ethnographic present reflects deeper historical processes. We trace the origins and subsequent changes in shell use from the terminal Pleistocene to the Late Holocene at the site of Kiowa in Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea. Zooarchaeological and technological analyses of Kiowa’s shell artifacts indicates riverine mussel was procured locally from the terminal Pleistocene (9,500–10,000 years ago) and featured as a minor component in the diet into the recent precolonial period. In contrast, evidence for marine shell valuables only appears in the Late Holocene in the form of Trochus armbands and Tegillarca granosa and Polymesoda cf. erosa multifunctional tools. This challenges ideas that associate the gradual dispersal of marine shell into the highlands with the spread of agriculture around the Wahgi Valley at the start of the Holocene, and supports punctuated pulses of coastal contact. In doing so, we formulate a testable model for the development of shell exchange into the highlands, with implications for the emergence of stratification and the conduits between the interior and coast. [shell valuables, trade and exchange, coastal contact, stratification, New Guinea Highlands] RESUMEN El intercambio valioso de conchas en la zona montañosa de la Nueva Guinea ha sido un interés clave en antropología, proveyendo conocimiento en la economía, la estética y la estratificación económica entre las comunidades congregadas. -
Archaeological Research at Caution Bay, Papua New Guinea Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Setting
Copyrighted material - no unauthorised reproduction in any medium Caution Bay Studies in Archaeology 1 Archaeological Research at Caution Bay, Papua New Guinea Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Setting Edited by Thomas Richards, Bruno David, Ken Aplin and Ian J. McNiven Archaeopress Archaeology Copyrighted material - no unauthorised reproduction in any medium Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com Caution Bay Studies in Archaeology 1 ISBN 978 1 78491 504 9 ISBN 978 1 78491 505 6 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress, Monash University and authors 2016 Cover: Tanamu 2 excavations in progress, 27 November 2009. The site is located 110 metres inland of the mangrove-fringed coastline, on the western margin of Caution Bay’s alluvial plain as it extends into the littoral zone. Occupation at the site peaked around 2500 cal BP (photograph by Ian J. McNiven). All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Oxuniprint, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Copyrighted material - no unauthorised reproduction in any medium Contents Contents ......................................................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................... -
An Introduction to the Investigations at Kuk Swamp
1 An Introduction to the Investigations at Kuk Swamp Jack Golson The choice of Kuk Figure 1.1 This shows the wider region where investigations directly or indirectly related to those at Kuk are discussed in this chapter. For the relationship of the Wahgi and Gumants Rivers see Figure 1.2. The inset shows the region of the main figure in relation to PNG as a whole and has lines in the background indicating provincial boundaries at the time of the investigations. Source: Jennifer Sheehan, CartoGIS Services, College of Asia and the Pacific, ANU. Kuk Swamp is situated at an altitude of about 1550 m some 12–13 km northeast of Mount Hagen town in the upper Wahgi Valley of the central highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) (Figs 1.1 and 1.2). Until the 1930s, these were thought by outsiders to be a single continuous and 2 Ten Thousand Years of Cultivation at Kuk Swamp in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea uninhabited mountain chain. Exploration in the 1930s, however, coming from the east, revealed them to consist of a series of massive mountain ranges enclosing basins and valleys between 1400 and 2000 m altitude that were well populated and intensively cultivated, the dominant crop being the tropical American sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) (Brookfield 1964: 20–22). The first European party to reach the Wahgi Basin, in 1933, described the swampy floor of the main valleys as uninhabited and uncultivated, with people and their gardens concentrated on the higher ground of the valley slopes (cf. Leahy 1936: 248, describing an area that is recognisable as including Kuk). -
Pawley, Andrew, and Ralph Bulmer (With the Assistance of John Kias, Simon Peter Gi, and Ian Saem Majnep)
Vol. 7 (2013), pp. 64-67 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4572 PAWLEY, ANDREW, and RALPH BULMER (with the assistance of JOHN KIAS, SIMON PETER GI, and IAN SAEM MAJNEP). 2011. A dictionary of Kalam with ethnographic notes. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics 630, xiii + 810 pp. ISBN 978-085-88-3604-2. $Aust. 132.00 (Australia), $Aust. 120.00 (elsewhere), hardcover. Reviewed by JOHN LYNCH, University of the South Pacific “Making a large dictionary is usually a long and complicated business … This dictionary is no exception. Its foundations were laid in the 1960s and over the following decades many thousands of hours have gone into building on this foundation” (viii). So begins the acknowledgements section of what is a tour de force, the result of half a century of lexico- graphical work. “Kalam is the English name for two closely related languages (or two sharply distinct dialects) spoken around the junction of the Bismarck and Schrader Ranges on the north- ern fringes of the central highlands of Papua New Guinea” (11). Spoken by about 20,000 people, Kalam is a member of the Madang group of languages, which in turn belongs to the wider Trans-New Guinea group of languages. The two principal authors—Andrew Pawley, an eminent Pacific linguist, and the late Ralph Bulmer, a social anthropologist with a keen interest in ethnobiology—were assisted by many native speakers of the language, but three are singled out as assistant authors because of their long and detailed contribution to the project. Kalam has featured in the linguistic literature as being somewhat unusual typologi- cally, for two quite distinct reasons. -
Man and a Half
MEMOIR No. 48 MAN AND A HALF ESSAYS IN PACIFIC ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOBIOLOGY IN HONOUR OF RALPH BULMER edited by ANDREW PAWLEY THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY Auckland 1991 First published 1991 The Polynesian Society (Inc. ) Anthropology Department University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand Printed by the Australian National University Printing Service, Canberra, A. C. T. Bound by F & M Perfect Bookbinding, Queanbeyan, N. S. W. Cover design by A. N. U. Graphic Design © The Polynesian Society (Inc. ) 1991 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. ISBN 0-908940-01-7 CONTENTS Editorial note page vii PART I: MEMOIRS Andrew PAWLEY Notes on a Large Small Game Hunter 3-20 Ellaine MABBUTT Hans Breitmann Gife a Barty... 21-23 Helga M. GRIFFIN ‘Big-man’, Neighbour, Teacher, Friend: a Personal Memoir of Ralph Bulmer at Waigani, 1968-72 23-29 Ian Saem MAJNEP What Is this Man Up To? A Kalam View of Ralph Bulmer 29-36 George E. MARCUS Notes and Quotes Concerning the Further Collaboration of Ian Saem Majnep and Ralph Bulmer: Saem Becomes a Writer 37-45 Alice BULMER Ralph Bulmer - a Bibliography 45-54 PART II: ETHNOBIOLOGY, SEMANTICS AND TAXONOMY Brent BERLIN The Chicken and the Egg-head Revisited: Further Evidence for the Intellectualist Bases of Ethnobiological Classification 57-66 Bruce BIGGS A Linguist Revisits the New Zealand Bush 67-72 Cecil H. BROWN On the Botanical Life-form ‘Tree” 72-78 Ross CLARK Fingota/Fangota: Shellfish and Fishing in Polynesia 78-83 Jared M. -
Animals the Ancestors Hunted
A Dictionary of Kalam, Animals the Ancestors Hunted: with Ethnographic an Account of the Wild Mammals Notes of the Kalam Area, Papua New Guinea by Andrew Pawley and Ralph Bulmer, by Ian Saem Majnep and Ralph Bulmer, with the assistance of John Kias, Simon Peter Gi and edited by Robin Hide and Andrew Ian Saem Majnep, Pawley, published by Pacic published by Crawford House Linguistics, Canberra. Australia, Adelaide. This is a very special kind of animal book. The rst author, Ian Saem Majnep, is a Papua New Guinean who was born among the Kalam people of the Upper Kaironk Valley, Schrader Range, Madang Province, some years before the Australian adminstration rst entered the area in the This dictionary is one of the major products of an interdisciplinary research project among the Kalam 1950s. He grew up on the edge of the cool high mountain forest, hunting, foraging and garden- people of Papua New Guinea begun in 1960, under the leadership of Ralph Bulmer. A central ing and absorbing an immense body of traditional knowledge and belief about animals and the objective was to record Kalam knowledge and use of the natural environment. This involved collabo- wider natural history of the area. ration between native speakers of Kalam, linguists, anthropologists and specialists from various Some 53 species of wild terrestrial mammals (28 marsupials, 24 rodents and the wild biological disciplines. New Guinea singing dog) are present in the Kaironk Valley and contiguous parts of the Schrader The dictionary is designed to be a form of ethnographic description, a kind of encyclopae- Ranges. -
Typological Implications of Kalam Predictable Vowels∗
Typological Implications of Kalam Predictable Vowels∗ Juliette Blevins Andrew Pawley Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary The Australian National University Anthropology Abstract Kalam is a Trans New Guinea language spoken in the Bismarck-Schrader Ranges in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Kalam sound patterns are of interest in presenting two distinct vowel types: full vowels /a, e, o/, which are of relatively long duration and stressed, and reduced central vowels, which are shorter, often unstressed, and occur predictably within word-internal consonant clusters and in monoconsonantal utterances. The predictable nature of the reduced vowels has led earlier researchers, e.g. Biggs (1963), Pawley (1966), to suggest that they are a non-phonemic 'consonant release' feature, leading to lexical representations with long consonant strings and vowelless words. Here we compare Kalam to other languages with similar sound patterns and assess the implications for phonological theory. We show that Kalam word-internal reduced vowels do not clearly match either of the two types of 'inserted' vowels recognized by Hall (2006), namely 'epenthetic' (inserted to repair illicit phonological structures) and 'intrusive' (vowel-like transitions between consonants). This mismatch is not surprising, since Hall's 'intrusive' vowels have origins in retimings of existing articulatory gestures, while Kalam predictable vowels, as we show, are historical remnants of vowel reduction/deletion processes. A striking feature of languages with remnant vowels is the existence of long strings of consonants. This property is not shared by any of Hall's intrusive vowel languages, nor by languages used to exemplify classical epenthetic vowels. We suggest that future work on predictable vowels explore the extent to which clusters of properties are explained by evolutionary pathways. -
Ralph N.H. Bulmer (1928-1988)
-_.._._------ J. Elhnobiol. 8(2):215-218 Winter 1988 RALPH N.H. BULMER (1928-1988) TERENCE E. HAYS Department of Anthropology/Geography Rhode Island College Providence, RI 02908 Ethnobiology has lost one of its most valued practitioners and advocates with the death of Ralph N.H. Bulmer in Auckland (New Zealand) on July 18, 1988. As a schoolboy in England, Ralph once told me, he detested cricket, so he would escape the playing fields by wandering off into surounding woods and fields, where a lifelong love of natural history was fonned. Much of his life would be spent in the field, observing, collecting, and conducting ethnographic research. His anthropological fieldwork began while he was still an undergraduate at Cambridge University, when he spent six montbs in 1950-51 as part of a research team among the Reindeer Same (Lapps) of Northern Sweden and Norway. He will be remembered best, however, for his work in Papua New Guinea. Following his undergraduate degree in 1953, Ralph was trained in Social Anthro polo y at the Australian National University; his thesis, based on 17 months' fieldwork with the Kyaka Enga of the Baiyer Valley of the Western Higlands, was completed in 1960 and his Ph.D. conferredin 1%2. His work with the Kyaka focused on political and social organization, in conformity with his supervisors' preferences, but early publications dealt with Kyaka bird knowledge, lore, and utilization (Bulmer 1957) and invotvement in the regional bird of paradise plume trade (1962). Later papers would incorporate Kyaka folk biology data, but Bulmer's true flowering as an ethnobiologist came with his fieldwork with the Kalam (formerly, Karam) ofthe northern Highlands fringe. -
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Te Reo the Journal of the Linguistic Society of New Zealand Volume 61 Issue 2 (Special Issue) Linguistics in New Zealand: Personal Histories Contribution Type: Essay 2018 Pages 95-113 November 2018 Memoirs of an anthropological linguist Andrew Pawley Australian National University This paper is a peer-reviewed contribution from https://www.nzlingsoc.org/journal ©Te Reo – The Journal of the Linguistic Society of New Zealand Editor: Laurie Bauer Andrew Pawley 95 Memoirs of an anthropological linguist Andrew Pawley I’ve had a fairly complicated career, in that I’ve taught at universities in several different countries and done research on quite a diverse range of topics1 A large part of my research and teaching has been concerned with the description and historical development of Austronesian and Papuan languages (which together number about 2000, or almost a third of the world’s languages) and with what linguistics and other disciplines can tell us about the history of human settlement in the Pacific. Other bits have to do with such matters as the role of speech formulae in nativelike command of a language, short term memory constraints on encoding speech, Australian Vernacular English, English rhyming compounds, cricket commentaries, ethnobiology, and the craft of lexicography. I’ve been very fortunate in having mentors and colleagues who provided inspiration and opportunities at various key points. I also owe a huge debt to my wife, Medina, who has managed family and job during my frequent lengthy absences on fieldwork and has spent years hosting speakers of Pacific Island languages who have come to live with us. -
Archaeological Research at Caution Bay Papua New Guinea
In 2008, intensive archaeological surveys began at Caution Bay, located 20km to the northwest of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The excavation of 122 stratified sites in 2009-2010 followed, and detailed analysis of the well-preserved and abundant faunal, ceramic and lithic finds has continued ever since. The Caution Bay Archaeology Project is providing new and exciting contributions to the western Pacific past. It has radically expanded the known geographic distribution of the Lapita Cultural Complex to include, for the first time, the southern coast of Papua New Guinea; it has established Richards, David, Aplin and McNiven (editors) the relationship of Lapita to later cultural expressions in this area; it has pinpointed the time of arrival of domesticated animals along the southern coast of Papua New Guinea and, by inference, on the larger island of New Guinea; it has Caution Bay Studies in Archaeology 1 provided new insights into the impact of resident populations on local terrestrial and marine environments over a 5000 year time period; and perhaps of greatest significance, it has provided a unique opportunity to document, using multiple strands of archaeological evidence, interactions between resident and colonizing populations at a time of cultural transformation c. 2900 years ago. The first volume of the Caution Bay monograph series introduces the goals of the Caution Bay project, the nature and scope of the investigations and the cultural and natural setting of the study area. To this end, a series of chapters are included on the ethnographic and linguistic setting, the natural environment, archaeological surveys of the study area Archaeological and investigative and analytical methods.