The NATION AL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
JANUARY, 1934 The American Horticultural Society
PRESENT ROLL OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS March 1, 1933
OFFICERS President, Mr. Robert Pyle, West Grove, Penna. First Vice-President, Mr. Knowles A. Ryerson, 1601 Argonne Place, N. W., Washington, D. C. Second Vice-President, Mrs. Fairfax Harrison, Belvoir, Fauquier Co., Va. Secretary, C. C. Thomas, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma Park, D. C. Treasurer, Roy G. Pierce, S04 Aspen Street, N. W ., Washington, D. C.
DIRECTORS Terms Expiring in 1934 Mrs. Clement S. Houghton, Chestnut F . J. Crider, Superior, Ariz. Hill, Mass. Mrs. Mortimer Fox, Peekskill, N. Y. Mrs. Horatio Gates Lloyd, Haver~ Mr. F. L. Mulford, Washington, D. C. ford, Pa. Mrs. Silas B. Waters, Cincinnati, O. Mr. D. Victor Lumsden, Washington, Dr. Earl B. White, Kensington, Md. D. C. Terms Expiring in 1935 Mr. J. Marion Shull, Chevy Chase, Mr. Fairman R. Furness, Media, Pa. Md.
THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Pubtished by and for the Society B. Y. MORRISON, Editor
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Mr. Alfred Bates Mrs. J. Norman Henry Dr. Clement G. Bowers Mrs. Francis King Mrs. C. I. DeBevoise Miss Frances Edge McIlvaine Dr. W . C. Deming Mr. Carl Purdy Mr. Sherman R. Duffy Mr. C. A. Reed Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox Mr. J. Marion Shull Mr. Arthur D. Slavin
SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1933 Alexandria, Virginia, Garden Club, Bethesda Commutrity Garden Club, Mrs. Francis Carter, President, Mrs. Smith, Episcopal High School, Bethesda, Md. Blackstone Garden ClUJb, Alexandria, Va. Mrs. A. G. Ingham, Pres., Wellsville, Virginia. American Amaryllis Society, California Garden Club Federation, Wyndham Hayward, Secretary, Mrs. Leonard B. Slosson, Pres., 2240 Fairbanks Avenue, 426 So. Arden Blvd., Winter Park, Fla. Los Angeles, Calif. Chestnut Hill Garden Club, American Fuchsia Society, Mrs. Edwin S. Webster, Pres., Mrs. Elizabeth Madison, Secretary, 307 Hammond Street, Oakland, Calif. Chestnut Hill, Mass.
Publication Office, 1918 Harford Avenue, Baltimore, Md. Entered as second· class matter January Zl, 1932, at the Post Office at Baltimore, Md., under the Act of August 24, 1912. Chevy Chase (D. C.) Garden Club, Indian Hi11 Garden Club, Mrs. F. B. Weaver, Mrs. Robert Sattler, Pres., 5324 39th Street, N. W., Varner Road, R. F. D. 1, Sta. M., Washington, D. C. Cincinnati, O. Chevy Chase (Md.) Garden Club, Kennedy Heights Garden Club, Mrs. T. H. MacDonald, Mrs. Grace Golay, Cor. Sec'y, '520 Maple Ridge Road, 6514 Tyne Ave., Oincinnati, O. Bethesda, Md. Lake Forest Garden Club, Civic Study Club, . Lake Forest, III. Mrs. O. R. Bruson, Secretary, Lake Washington Garden Club, Michigan, N. D. Mrs. Don H. Palmer, President, Fairfax Garden Club, 6956 55th Ave., South, Seattle, Wash. Mrs. L. P. Tay,loe, Secretary, Vienna, Virginia. Montgomery Suburban Garden Club, James c. Dulin, Jr., President, Fairfield Garden Club 325 High St., Friendship Hgts., Mrs. John R. Reyburn, Chevy Chase, Md. 523 Old Post Road, Fairfield, Conn. Northern Nut Growers' Association, Carl F. Walker, Pres., Federated Garden Clubs of Cincinnati and Cleveland Heig'hts, Ohio. Vicinity, Pennsy'\vania Nut Growers' Association, Mrs. Silas B. Waters, President 2005 EdgecIiff Point, Cincinnati, O. John W . Hershey, Secretary, Downington, Penna. Galesburg HortiwItural Improvement So Potomac Rose Society, ciety, L. M. Clarke, Secretary, C. Z. Nelson, Secretary, 2440 Monroe St., N. E., 534 Hawkinson Ave., Galesburg, III. Washington, D. C. Garden Club of Cincinnati, Rock Garden Society of Ohio, Mrs. H. W. Nichols, Mrs. Frank Seinsheimer, Treasurer, 2345 Madison Road, 3421 Middleton Ave., E. Walnut Hills, CincilllI1ati, O. Clifton, Cincinnati, O. Garden Club of Buzzard's Bay, Shaker Lakes Garden Club, Mrs. M. W. Wilcox, Pres., Mrs. Frank B. Stearns, 350 Union St., New Bedford, Mass. 15830 S. Park Blvd., Shaker Hills, Clevel;md, O. Garden Club of Madison, N. J.. St. Louis Horticultural Society, Mrs. Hubert Cheeseman, Sec'y, Missouri Botanical Garden, Academy Road, Madison, N. J. St. Louis, Mo. Garden Club of Ohio, Takoma Horticultural Club, Mrs. C. S. Ro\)inson, Pres., Mrs. John Guill, Secretary, 840 Old Furnace Road, ?27 Maple Ave., YoungstQlWI1, O. Takoma Park. D. C. Garden Club of Peekskill, Talbot County Garden Club, 118 Pine St., Peekskill, N. Y. Mr. James D~xon, President, North Bend, Easton, Md. Garden Club of Somerset Hills, Terrace Park Garden Club, Mrs. J. M. Ellsworth, Pres., Mrs. \V. L. Brilmayer, President, Bernardsville, N. J. Milford, Ohio. Georgia Horticultural Society, Town and Country Garden Club, G. H. Firor, Sec'y, Mrs. Frederick Hinkle, Sec'y, Athens, Ga. Edwards Road and Walsh Place, Cincinnati, O. Georgetown Garden Club, Mrs. Howard Burnside, Rec. Sec'y., Town and Country Club of Cleveland, 3010 PSt., N. W ., Mrs. A. H. Wood, Washington, D. C. Anderson and Green Road, S. Euclid, Cleveland, O. Hartwell Garden Club, Winton Place Garden Club, Mrs. E. Brookbank, Mrs. Otto Rosenfelter, President, 8321 Woodbine Ave., Cincinnati, O. 737 Hard Ave., Winton Place, O. Hyattsville Horticultural Society, Worcester County Horticultural Society, Mrs. ChaTles E . Holmes, Librarian, 30 Elm Street, Riverdale, Md. Worcester. Mass. [i] The National Horticultural Magazine
Vol. 13 COPYTight, 1934, by THE AMERICAN HORTlCUIJrUlML SOOIETY No.1
JANUARY, 1934
CONTENTS
Fuchsias. E. O. ESSIG...... 1
Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier in Northern British Columbia. MARY G. HENRy ...... 60
American Clematis for American Gardens- J. E. SPINGARN ...... 76
Three New Euphorbiae from Madagascar- LEON CROIZAT ...... 96
Botanizing in New Mexico-- ROBERT SENIOR ...... 100
A Book or Two ...... 103
Published quarterly by The American Horticultural Society. Publication office, 1918 Harford Ave., Baltimore, Md. Editorial office, 116 Chestnut Street, Takoma Park, D. C. Contributions from all members are cordially invited and should be sent to the Editorial office. Advertising Manager, Mr. J. S. Elms, P. O. Boo< 27, Kensington, Md. A subscription to the magazine is included in the annual dues of all members, to non·members the price is seventy· five cents the copy, three dol· lars a year. [ii] The National Horticultural Magazine
Volume Thirteen
Washington, D. C. 1934 Copyright American Horticultural Society, 1934 e v .P:f!/farife· F~ PIUl11-ie1,.'s figu1' e of F ••c hsia t6phylla jl O1'e coccinea-1703
Fuchsias By E. O. E SSIG!
Fuchsias are evergreen perennial or red and purple or entirely red or crim namentals derived f-rom Mexico, Cen son and ·mostly single, all of the various tral and South America, and New colors and forms have been obtained, Zealand. The species, Fu,chsi Banks of Deal, England in 1868. ture for those now grown In this These and others which soon fol country. lowed, opened the way for many new These random notes presented with creations. In 1844, Felix P orcher in :the illustra:tions are !in accord with his "History and Culture of the these aims. Fuchsia" ( in French) li sted 300 com The tree fuchsia, Fuchsia al'b01' escens (F. syringaefl ora Sims ) , as the mercial varieti es. J n 1848 there were name implies, is a large shrub or tree 500 varieties in commerce. This year like plant attaining a height of 16 to marks the peak of the popularity 0 E 18 feet in a few years. H ow much fuchsias in E urope, but hybridizati on larger it may grow in favo ra1Yle local continued and there were no less than iti es in Ca1if ornia remains to be seen. 700 varieties by 1890 and about 1000 The finest specimens I have seen are vari eties have been reco rded to date, grown by H azard and H azard, fuch a-lthough there are only about 180 sia speciali sts at Pacific Grove, Cal vari eties and species avail able in com ifornia, although it is equally a:s good merce at this writing. And with the in the San F rancisco Bay region and exception of the triphylla hybrids pro southward along Wm. A. Matthews F. a1'borescens 4 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Wm. A. Matthews Fuchsia bouviana rich rose red. The staml:ns and pis cies is generally confused with F. tils are of the same co'lor, the an corymbijiora but the tubes of the thers and the rather large globular latter are supposed to be enlarged stigma are white and rarely extend near the middle, and also attain a beyond the corolla. The fruits are greater Jength. A group of seedlings smooth and lozenge-shaped. This spe- of the supposed F. C01'Y111bijiora gave Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 5 F~~ch.sia coccinea l11uch vanatJOn both in size and color Although this species frequently of flowers and of the foliage so that survives ,the winters in this region ·it ilS nol!: impossible for at! these simi without injury, it may occasionally "!ar varieties to be nothing more than freeze to the ground, but new shoots :seedlings of a single species. appear in the spring and soon pro- 6 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 duce large plants which bear blossoms of the leaves are di stinctly heart from May to December. shaped. The slender pointed buds Fuchsia coccinea Airt:on. Single, red are dark red at the bases and green and purple bicolor similar to Coral art the taps. The ovaries are green, lina, but more vigorous and with flu shed red and the tube, which is smaller fl owers, and brighter green the most conspicuous part of the foliage. The brilliant red, slender fl ower is a rather dull scarlet red ; the buds and equally slender fl owers, sepals almost entirely green, the petals borne in great profusion, hang like pale yellow and Ipinkish, and the sta drops from t he branches, producing a mens pale yellow. This species is most attractive and unusual effect. likely to be confused with Fuchsia The sepals hang downwardly and are i'lllgens Moe. and Sesse, and F. splen held close to the very small, almost dens Zucco It may be separated from invisible, purple corolla. This species the former by the much shorter and was the first fuchsia introduced into more robust tube, the much narrower E ngland, having been brought from sepals, and the yellow petals, and Chile by Ca'Ptain Firth in 1788 and from the latter by the more hairy and placed in Kew Gardens. lt was ap less brilliant red and green tube and pC\iI'ently subsequently lost to the trade sepals and yellow petals. All except and was rediscovered in a garden at F. cordifolia have red or cnmson Oxford in 1867. According to an petals. other story it was first put into com Fuchsia cor)l11lbiftora var. alba., is merce by a Mr. Lee of Hammersmith, a beauti ful half-albino of the true who purchased a pla nt from t'he wife species. The foliage is paler in that of a sailor in Wapping for ten guin it lacks the red stems and red 1eaf eas and a promise to propagate and vein s. The fl owers are borne in replace it. small er . clusters which open in fewer lt is a comparatively new intro numbers, but which are t ruly beauti duction into N o.rth America and is ful. The elongated C\!OO pointed buds perfectly at home out-of-doors in .the are pale green, 'whitish and rose pink, San Francisco Bay region. A plant while the long slender tubes are white in my ga rden, less than a year old, with a pink blush; the sepals are pale is five feet high and has a main stalk pink on the outside and rich pink on one inch in diameter. lt is a continu the inside; and the small whO'lly ex ous and profuse bloomer and has posed petals are scarlet red and qui,te proved to be as satisfactory as most showy. When the petals fall the of the newer hyb rids. tightly refl exed sepals display their Fuchsia c01'difolia Benth. Single, fin e pink color. According to Le l1ed and yeil low hi'color. A distinct Texnier, in Le Fuchsia, Paris, 1908, species origin ally collected by Hart p. 20, this variety was discovered by weg in Mexico at an altitude of 10- the amateur Courcel'l es of Montigny 000 feet and was introduced in~o in 1847. This sp ~ c i es of fuchsia re E ngland in 1840. The plant is quite quires proteotion from frost in this hardy in thi s region and develops into regIon. a rather loose bush with leaves and Fuchsia fulqens Moc. and Sesse fl owers as illustrated. The stems, (Mexico, 18J7) . Long-tubed single petioles and midribs of the leaves are carmine-red, the sepals tipped yellow reddish and the leaf surface is covered ish-green. This hardy species does with very short fine tomentum. Some well uncler unusually eLry conditions: Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 7 VV17I. A . Matthews htchsia co1'difolia and neglect does not greatly impair December, J anuary and February. its growth. It appears to grow equall y The plant IS a strong grower, the well in full sun or almost cOlnplete foliage is large, pale green, veined shade and blooms continuously ex pale-reddish and glabrous. The tube cept during the cO'ldest 111 0nths of is 1112 to 2 inches long, the sepals 1Iz 8 THE NATIONAL' HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 W111 . A. Matthews Fuchsia corY1nbiftom alba in ch long and the petals Ys inch long. are cylin drical, and green marked The white anthers extend just beyond with many minute light specks. -the corolla and the green sti gma Ys In published descriptions t he roots inch beyond. In the buds the t ips are are said to be bulbous or tuberous, enlarged and green. The young fruits the fl owers 4 inches long and the Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 9 Wm. A. Matthews Fuchsia fulgens leaves 5 inches across all of whi ch The origin of our stock is probably characteristics are lacking under our England, burt n.o definite records of outdoor conditions. The large size of the introductions are available. the fl owers and foliage may be due to L ')lcioides. Small-flowered single greenhouse culture. self. The fuchsia bearing this name 10 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Jan., 1934 in Cali fof11i a hardly fits the meager towards the mi ddle of the rather small descri pti on of this supposed species incurving sepals, the tips of whi ch are in E uropean literature, neit her does bright green. T he small petals which it agree with any that I have so far are not as long as the sepals, are noted in any publi shed li sts. The brilliant sal>l11lon red. Altogether the original stock was brought to the fl ower is a marvelous combination of Golden Gate Park, San F rancisco, bri ght colors and causes more favor f rom Santa Monica, California, by abl e comment than any other fuchsia. E ric Walther some years ago and A va ri ety mu.ltiflo1'a, a wi nter bl oom has been distributed from t hat center. ing form, is aJ.so li sted in E ngla nd and The plant is an unusualJ y vigorous gramdiftora in F ranoe. They appear to grower and appears to do well under be only well selected seedlings. almost any conditions. I t very quickl y Fuchsia speciosa H ort. (F. h),brida produces a shrub f,rom 8 to 10 feet H ort. ). Single creamy-white and pink high and cOl1Jtinua lJ y bears a pro bi color. This is truly a most satis fusion of small red fl owers y,;: inch factory vigor'Ous and beautiful spe long, with the tube and sepals Ys inch cies and one of the commones·t in the long, and the corolJ a scarcely more San F rancisco Bay region, where it than 7:4 inch long and an eq ual di am has been cultivated fo r many years. eter . The sepals are sli ghtly refl exed. I t is represented by a number of The color of t he buds, t ubes, and color vari eties, which may have orig sepals is T yrian red, the petals being inated from chance seedlings. The the same color at the base changing commonest fo rm has the tube and to Rhodamine purple towards ,the sepals vvaxy-blush or alm ost pink, the outer margin . The foli age is small tips of the sepals ti pped green and the and very dark green, the leaves vary co roll a bright rose red. A form hav in g from y,;: to 1 inch long and some ing more orange in the coroll a is what cordate in sha.pe. The stems are known locally as Monterey. reddi sh. T he accompanyin g illustra Fuchsia splel1dens Zucc., referred tion will give a better idea of the ap to un de r F. cordif olia is likely to be pearance of the fl owering branches. co nfused with the latter. The habit Fuchsia se1Tatifolia, R ui z et Pav. and foli age is similar, but lacks the Single, pink and salm on bicolor. T his heart-shaped leaves. The fl owers are extra fin e species is one that we are much more brilliant, being of a bright sure is co rrectl y named. It was in cardinal with the tips of the sepals troduced by seeds into E ngl Wm. A. Mat thews Fuchsia lycioides that no authentic fi gure of the s,pecies sevel1'teenth century, F ather Plumier, was published until 1885 . Regarding a missionary, collected largely in the its hi story, I cannot do better than W es,t Indies, and chie fl y in the Island quote from the Botanical M agazi11e of St. D omingo, and· in 1703 he pub (t. 6,795 ) ;-'In the latter pant of the li shed hi s Nova Plantarum Ameri- 12 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934· Wm. A . Matthews Fuchsia serra.t'ifolia canum Genera . Of thes,e genera one and the petals being of a wrong form; waJs t hat which he ca l1 ed 'FMe hsia there is, however, no doubt that the t1'ip hylla fi01' e eoeeinea.' It is accom figure is intended for this plant and panied with a rude an d inexact figure. Linnaeus, in hi s first edition of the only four stamens being represented. S peeies Plan ta?' l1 '111. (1853), took it up Tan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 13 W111 . A. Matthe7.CJ s Fuchsia speciosa as Fuchsia triphylla.' I have carefully in question; it is rather unfortunate examined the original figure, and in that no fo li age is shown. correct as it may be, there seems "This species, which has brilliant, little doubt that it represents the pliant vermilion-red flowers, and Jeaves wirt:h 14 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 reddish-purple undersurface, and is of small-leaved and tiny-flowered fuch erect shrubby habit, is quite distinct sias including 1%icrophylla, parvifiora among a very varied germs. It has and thymifolia belonging to the Brevi alw'aY's been regarded-and nOlt wirt:h florae Section are quite distinct from out reason-as a difficult plant to all other garden varieties. The leaves cultiva1:e successfully, but it is well are very small and produced in great worth tbe attention of the skilled abundance and the tiny cylindrical or cultivator. As already indicated in funnel-shaped flowers, though borne the garden history of the genus, this in profusion are not so clearly dis species has been successful'ly used for hybridising." cernible as in the large-flowered hy brids. To the above account may be added the fact that following its discovery First discovered by Humboldt and in 1703 it Was not again encountered Bonpland on Mt. J orull, Mexico, for 170 years when seeds were in and introduced into England about troduced into New York by Thomas 1827 (according to Porcher), and is Hogg in 1873 and into England by also known in Guatemala. It is a E. G. Henderson & Son in 1882. dwarf species 15 to 18 inches high, In my garden in Berkeley, Califor with dark green '}eaves less than Y;; nia, are four plants of this species, inch long and small, bright red all from different sources and they flowers, said "to be cylindrical in agree in every respect. The bushes shape, thus differing from the funnel have grown to a height of from three shaped flowers of F. thymifolia." to four feet in one year, having safely (See Gard. Chron., vol. 87, p. 45, withstood one winter with the loss 1930). Others have stated that the of only a few leaves. However, it is flowers are funnel-shaped drooping likely that a more severe winter will flowers. Only one catalogue describes • kil:J. the ttops to tlhe ground, a:s has the flowers as carmine-lpink. A va happened to Fuchsia boliviana and F. riety or sope6es indica.ted as F. reflexa corY1'nbifio1'a, which soon send up new which has been distributed in the San shoo1:s in the spring and produce an Francisco Bay region, answers quite abundance of flowers by midsummer. well Ito the description of ,this species Through hybridization Fuchsia tri and is shown in an accompanying phylla has given rise to a number of illustration. I have also purchased a garden varieties most of which are vigorous growing pink-flowered va more vigorous than the parent, al riety identical with what is commonly though one, Mary, does not seem to called F. th3I1nifoli.a, also under the be as strong. The hardier ones are: name F. microphylla. Andenken an Heinrich Hen k e I Fu.c!tsia pa1'viflora does not appear Christmas Gem, Eros, Gartenmeiste; to be a recogn1z'ed species but is de Bonstedt, Gottingen, Koralle, Taudes scribed and listed as havil1lg glossy chen Bonstedt, and Thalia. Practically dark green foliage and tiny bright aliI of these hybrids are graw1'llg out carmine or scarlet flowers wid1 a of-doors in many parts of California prominent white stigma. along the Coast from San Francisco Isis is listed as a probably hybrid to San Diego and are showy and satis of F. parvifiora. It has bluish-green factory garden plants. foliage and bright scarlet flowers. Not Fuchsia microph'ylla HBK. The known to the writer. Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 15 Wm. A. MatthnCls Fuchsia t1'iphylla Coderinghamii is similar to F. mi from Mexico in ]827. J. Coutts gives c1'ophylla but with bright salmon 1836 as about the time that this and flowers. Not known to the writer. F. 11ticrophylla were introdu£ed into Ft£chsia thyrnifoha HBK. This England. It differs fTom that species plant was introduced into England "in having somewhat larger foliage THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Jan., 1914 W1II. A. Matthe"t ~ s Fuchsia l1Iicrophylla and open funnel-shcuped fl owers which respect conform to the pink-flowered are da rk red in color." In other ar types grown here. Perha,ps the pale ticles the leaves are descri bed as near flow ered form is the result of seed ly round, as being downy above. The ing. Certainly we do not have the plants grow up to six feet and in WI11. A. Matthews P..~chsia thY111,Jfol-ia Twice natu.ml size 18 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 W11l. A. Matthews Fuchsia l'ejie,t:a Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 19 Annie Eade (Lye, 1887) . Single cate orange-sClJlmon. The indivi dual white and carmine blend. An un flowers are unexcelled by any other usually good grower in this region fuchsia in cultivation and should be producing a bush 4 to 6 feet high, in every collection. Awarded H. c., densely covered with rich green foli R. H. S., July 25, 1929. In the Pa age and bearing beautiful green, white, cific Coast region of California this and pinkish buds and deli cately col variety does very well outsid e and ored wax-like flowers. The tube is has a wide distribution. It is com Yz inch long flu shed waxy white; the monly con fu sed with an Annie Emrle Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 21 W11t. A. Matthews Arabella 22 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Aurora S ~~p e 1' ba Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 23 Wm. A . Matthews Caledonia 24 T HE NA'fIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Jan., 1934 C O1'allina . Single red and purple Display. SingIe, aLmost a self. bicolor. The plant is tall-growing with Open showy fl owers, the Itube and p urple stems and rather slender dark sepals reddish-cerise; the c o r 0 11 a green leaves which have red petioles bright carmine. The ,plants are erect, and midribs. The growth is willowy with bright clean foliage and a pro and can be t rained to a po~ t or wall pensity for bearing a profusion of or allowed t o weep over a wall or bl ossol111s almost the entire year. It through a trellis. The slender bril is one of the handsomest varieties in iJiant red buds, whid 1 Inay be 1 and cultivation and appears to have been o inches long and the fl owers are long grown in the San F rancisco Bay pendulous. The latter are much Jj ke region, where it is more frequently those of F. gracilis but about twice as known as Prince Charming. The lJarge and are borne in much less pro writer also purchased it under the fusion. I,t was tllJtroduced into E ng names Mme. Eva Boeg and Red Cup. land pri or to 1860 and was ea:rly U'sed Dutchess of Albany. Single, white as a coveri ng fm tthe ins,ic1e of roofs and pink bicoloL O ne of the finest of greenhouses and as a piJilar plant. pale single sorts, vigorous and fl orif One single plant was Imow.n to be erous with bright green stems and Jtlhirty year's o[d and was ~i ll very leaves. T he brilliarut shiny green ova vigorous and fl oriferous aJt the rt: ime. ries contrast markedly with the almost It i's claimed ,to be a SYll10nym of the pure white waxy t ubes and sepals did Fuchsia exonie17sis Paxt., a hy which are just faintly bl ushed pin ~(, brid of F. cordifolia and F. globosa. especially on the undersides of the Countess of Aberdeen (Dobbie, lart:te r w h~c h are only s lightly refl exed. Forbes about 1888), one of the ch,o.ic The petals are brilli ant salmon rose. est singles. Although the plant is (There are no colors in Ridgway's somewhat slow of growth, it is never Color Standards that match this and theless quite vigorous in the San many other fuchsia colors). They F rancisco Bay region and at Pacific are quite even and neat when t he Grove. T he foli age is small , some fl owers open but later become quite what curled and of an unusually dark wrinkled whi ch mars their early g'reen color. The pretty liIttle self beauty. However t he vari ety is a colored fl owers vary from almost most wort hy and desirable one for white to very pale blush-pink in the any garden. O ur plants are recently spring when grown in almost full fr0111 England. shade, to a very rich bright pink as Elsa, a splendid double vcur iety. The the fl owers age and more particularly tube and the sepa1ls ape W'a..'Cy pale in summer and fall when grown in rose-pink or fl esh colored, the sepals the sun or in only part shade. T he tipped green and 1 and Ys inches flowers are su pponted on stiff stems long; the coroll a is rosy-purple or and do not droop. rosy-magenta. T he flowers are carried It is fairly cOl11>mon in this region on drooping stems. and is known in the trade as Little This variety has been cultivated Gem and as Schneewichtchen. The in the West fo r some years and is one former is cerlf:ai,n1y a miSll0l111eT and of t he m oslf: desirable. so far I have been unable to trace the Em,iZe Laumnt. D ouble red and origin of the latter. Named specimens white bi color. The fl owers are very received from E ngland have definitely ,large, measuring 20 inches wcross ; sett led the ident ity of the vari ety. the st ems 1 % inches long ; and the Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 2S Wm. A. Matthews Carmen 26 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Wm. A. Matthews Corallina Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 27 Win. A. Matthews Countess of Abe1'deen 28 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 193"4 Display Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 29 W?n. A . Matthews Duchess of Albany 30 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 ovary and tube of equa:l length, three the double whites are known as eights of an inch long. The ,tube is Storm King. The origin of both very large, and the somewhat wrinkled the name and the stock is unknown and roughened sepals are bright pink to the w riter, but because of its ish-crimson, the sepals being 1 y,;: popularity should not be omitted inches long and five-elghths of an inch from these descriptions. The flowers wide and strongly reflexed against the are immense, often measuring 2 and stem. The very full and crowded o inches across when fully ex corolla is white, faintly tinted pink panded. The tube is ~ inch long and the petals are veined bright pink. and of the S W11t. A. Matthews Elsa 'THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 J an., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 33 W111. /I. Matthews 34 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934- . --- W in. A. Matthews Graphic Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 35 W111. A . Matthews Hap Hazard 36 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 umque feature of the flowers is the ident ica'l with the Improved Ros'e of w hite edges of the petals which Castile of the San Francisco Bay are specially noticeable in freshly region w here it is most often known opened ones. The stamens are very as Schiller. feeble aJ!1d th e pi'srt: il is more tha n h win's Pinll Giant. Large double tw ic e the leng th of the petals. All bicolor. The flowers are rather plants noted have orig inated with loosely formed; the very short tube Hazard and Hazard, fuchsia spe and rather short 'wide roughened ciali sts at Pacific Grove, Cali fo rnia, sepals are crimson; the petals are w here more than 100 of the writer's Amaranth pink, veined crimson. The varieties were obtained. stamens are nearly t wice as long as Improved Rose of Castile (Banks, the petals and the st yle is still 1860). Single, white and purple bi 1ong Wm. A. Matthews Improved Rose of Castile 38 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Irwin's Gia11t Pin/~ jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 39 Wm. A . Matthews K01'alle 40 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 L 'E11/a1'lt Prodigu. e Jah.,· '1.934 THE NATIONAL HORnCULTURAL MAGAZINE 41 W111 . ...J. Matthe"Le's Little Beauty 42 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 flowers and not to the vigorous appear to be a combination of tyrian plants which often attain a height rose (tube and sepals) and rhoda of 15 to 20 feet. As this is a climb mine purple (petals). The tube is ing variety it requires support a.nd also nearly as long as the sepals. under favorable conditions produces In form it is like Display and is a splendid display of bright green certainly a choice variety. Hazard leaves and vivid flowers. The buds and Hazard has distributed it under are green and dull red; the tube the name Durango, W11l. A. Matthews M aste1'piece 44 THE NATIONAL HORTICU LTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Meteo?' Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 45 Wm. A. Matthews Molesworth 46 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 , Wll1. A. Matthews Monsieur Thibaut Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 47 W1'I1 . A. Matthews M1'. Gladstone 48 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 by the above name in ,this area is a are brilliant red. The former is 74 very vigorous growing hybrid with inch long and the latter about ~ inch. reddish stems, ,large dark green foli The petals are small, white suffused age and a profusion of huge brilliant with brighit red art: the bas,e, dosely flowers. The tube and sepals are crowded and only sli ghtly ,longer than the tube. The red stamens are more bright red, the latter often reflexecl than twice and the pistil four t imes so as to touch the bas·e of >t he former. the J.eng1th of the petals. The j,eaves The petals are bright Rhodamine pur are very dark green, narrow, and ple and perfectly fl ared when fully rather far apart on the stems. This expanded. Cannell in 1888 described is a dainty and desirable garden plant. the corolla as sem:i-double and rosy Mrs. Rundle. Single, white and ver,milion. The buds are larg,e, elon orange bicolor. The long tube and gated and sharply-pointed, red and the equally long rather slender some borne in large numbers and with the what reflexed s'epals are creamy-white masses of flowers weight dow n the flushed wilth rose; the rart:her smaLl strong stems. This variety is widely cl osely overlapping sepals are vivid used in California as a tall bush orange. The long slender buds are against the house or as a garden creamy-white flushed with rose. The specimen plant and is one of the most foliage is deep green and the leaves sati sfactory ornamentals. Seed is pro small. This is an old variety illus duced freely on this variety and a trated as early as 1882 and probably number of unnamed s,eed lings occ ur antedating that year considerably. It in this area. It is also frequently is 'a seedling of the Ear'! of Beacons call ed Carl Blanc, a name more com field, being accounted more graceful, monly given to Display. and with longer tubes. It was awarded Mr. Gladstone. Double red and pur a First Class Certifi,cate, R. H. S., ple bicolor. A very satisfactory, vig 1883. In Californi a, where it is only a recent introduc.tion, it appears to orous plant producing a profusion of be as hardy as Aurora Superba, huge flowers. The large buds are Swanley Yell ow, and others in the so elongated and brilliant red as are also called yellow class. the tube and sepals. The latter are P1'idl? of Oxford. Semi-double, red distinctly roughened on the inner and white bicoJor. A rather dwarfish surface and strongly refl exed, at times bush which produces splendid long forming circles. The corolla is com bright red buds and fine large fl owers. pact, but composed of well formed The short tube 'and large wide sepals petals of nearly uniform ,],ength which are red, the latter are sl11 00th on the are reddish-pur,ple at t he bases, the upper surface w'hrich has three or remainder hyacinth purple. The old er more longitudinal line-like depressions. fl owers fade to a bright true purple. and roughened on the inner surface. The red stamens are double the length The sepals are pure white. noticeabl y of the petals and stigma longer still. elongated, the outside row consider Mrs. E. G. Hill ( Lemoine). Dou ably foreshortened. the bases stained ble red and white bicolor. A rather red and w~th branchiing red V'e i11JS ex small plant producing a profusion of tending beyond the middle. The foli small, neatly formed fl owers and age is very dark green, the stems, poill'ted red buds. The tube and sepals petioles and midribs being reddish. Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 49 W1I1 . A . Matthews lvlrs. C01'1 lelisson so THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Mn. Ru.ndle Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 51 Wm. A. Matthews Pride of Oxford 52 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 W11l. A . Matthews Sunray Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE S3 W111. A. Matthews SwanZey Gem, 54 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 The correct identification and origin a're of a strange shape, the corolla of this beautiful variety ClJppears to be beautiful rose, frilled. Pretty and dis in doubt. It i.s kI1Jown local1y as tinct. In California, what is reported Long White and Pride of Orion. atS Ithis variety ha'S a very smooth even Sunray (Thomas Milner, 1871). corolla. It is very similar >to Master Single ornamental foliage. A rather piece, but has slightly shorter and sm:3.11 , s.Low-growing variety oflten cul wider sepals and longer ovaries. tivated for its coleus-like foliage. The SwanZey Yellow. Single, almost an older leaves are variegated green and orange self, the corolla being slightly whitish, whereas the new growth is stronger in color tha n the calyx. This vari-colored pink, salmon, 'red, yellow beautiful variety is much like Aurora and green. In 1872, H. Cannell listed Superba and I am not so sure that it aJS the "New tri1color-leaved fuch the two may nOot be confused in this sia" and described it as "one of the region. What goes by the name of most be'autiful plants ever offered ; Swan1ey Yellow is quite well show n colors as rich and clear as in any tri as to slize and shape in the accom color pelargonium ; the leaves, which panying illustration, which reveals are very large, are of a rich bright none of the brilliance of the salmon crims'on, white, and bronzy-green, in pink tube and sepals and the ri ch about equal parts. T he habit and orange-salmon corolla. The -long pis growth are all t hat can be desi red, til is also characteristic. The plant is each plant f0n11ing a beautiful pyra quite hardy and seems more amenable mid. l it will make a magnificent ex Ito growing in an upright fOorm than hibition plant, is a good bedder and its cl ose relative. The leaves are green invaluable as a decorative or market and the young stems slightly stained plant. Flowers of fin e fo'rm, scarlet reddish. The buds are green, slightly tube and sepals Wit h light purple reddish above when exposed to full corolla." First Class Certificate, R. sun. This fuchsia was introduced H. S., and Leeds H ort. Soc., 1871 ; about 1902. While it is far from yel Extra prize York Hort. Soc" 1871 ; low it is in the so called yellow class A. M., R.H. S., 1929. and a real beauty. Our strain is true to form, havin g Taudeschen B017stedt (triphylla x) . been compared with plants recently Single, long-tubed, self-colored, sal received from England. The variet y mon-pink fl owe.rs, borne in great pro is ~pec iall y suited to lathhouse and fusion and alm ost COimpletely hiding conservatory culture but does well in the foliage. The buds are pointed and residences and out-of-doors in par the open fl owers add little to the tial or half shade if well watered. It brightness of the clusters of pendu does not do well in full sun and can lous buds. The foliage is medium not stand drought. green and the plants in the San Fran Swanley Gem, (Banks). Single, bi cisco Bay region a're rather dwarfish color. Very large, rather long fl owers and even smaller than the 'parent spe borne in p rofusion. The tube and cies, but this may be due to the fact very long somewhat reflexed sepals that none of them are much more are rose red; the coroll a is rose red than a year old . The variety W'as. at the base and the remainder li ght imported directly from England last aster purple. Frederick Buss (Lon season. don, 1883) states that the fl owers White B eauty, Single red and white Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE ss Wm. A. Matthews Swanley Yellow S6 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Ta.udcschen B onstedt Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 57 Wm. A. Matthews White Beauty 58 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 White Phenomenal Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 59 bicolor. The best single white so far it being the largest-growing white so introduced and one des'erving of the far observed. The noticeably small name. The plants are small in size tube and rather wide, somewhat re but COnitinuouSily produce an abun flexed and roughened, sepals are rose dance of striking fl'Owers. The very red (Ridgway's Color Standards). short tubes are much larger than the The corolla is full and spreading, the ovaries and are brilliant red as are petals white, flushed and veined bright also the reflexed sepals, the pistil, sta cerise. The huge brilliant red buds mens, and the veins of the corolla. are nearly globular and often an inch The sepals are 3-lobed and overlap to in dIameter. With the large red and form a perfect wide open shallow cup white flowers a most attractice dis of very neat 'appearance. At the base play is produced which is unequaled of each there is a regularly hranched by any other variety in this color red vein which does not' extend to the range. Awarded H. c., R. H. S., margms. July 25, 1929. This fuchsia makes a The origin of the stock grown in splendid out-door plant and is spe the West is not known to the writer. cially satisfactory in our region, where White Phenomenal. Double red and it is often incorrectly called Storm white bicolor. Vigorous spreading King, a narrne given to almost a ll dou habit, often covering porches and bLe whites in Californiia. EmiLe Lau whole sides of buildings in this regi'On, rant j1s much 'like it, burt: not 5'0 large. B . H. Chandlee Going N orth Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier in Northern British Columbia By :M ARY G. H ENRY It was in the summer of 1930, w hich little or nothing was known, wrile Dr. H enry and I and our four except that they were somewhere children, Mary, J osephine, Norman, near the Liard River. This part of J r., and H oward were camping near the country, sometimes called the Jasper, that we heard from a trap " Blind Spot" of Canada, has usually per of the so-called "Tropical Val been consid ered inaccessibl e. W a leys" of n o rth,~es tern Canada. They t erfalls and rapids on the rivers were said to be near the Liard Riv make travellin g- by wate;' impossi er. Of COlirse we kn ew they coulcl ble, while by land the distance is not be reall y tropical or even semi g reat, over w id e stretches of mus tropi cal, but w hen the surrounding keg* and mountain ous country still country was ice and snow-bolind in its virg in roug hness, and much w ith winter temperatures of 50-60 of it yet unmapped. degrees belO'W zero, these va]].eys were I W C\!S a·nx ious t o go, however, to said never to freeze. co],J ecrt plants and my family wanted W e became intensely interested to go for the adventure, plus hunrting and made many inquiries, b\1t could and fishing. F orthwith we made our find out nothing very definite. H ow deci sion. ever, we heard vague rumors from *Mus keg is a term used in Northwest Canada several separate sources, that mys to desig nate the soft , some tim es alm os t bottom less, bl ack peat· bogs tha t are so pl enti ful a nd teri ous hot vall eys did exist, about ma ke travelling s low and som etim es dangero us. [ 60 1 Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 61 Jl ifn1'1' (;. H e'l'Itry L ooking west over Peace R ive1', nem' T aylo1' Flats The Canadian authorities were ex try in an endeavor t o find a short tremely courteous and g ave us all cut t o the Y ukon di st rict during the the help they could. They rained gold rush of 1898. F ew, if any, ever maps on us generously, w hich we reached there. F rozen, drowned or pored over and studied by the hour, starved, no one knows just how they and we soon found out that the died, but now and then a roug h count ry was m,apped in1 the d,i stone marks a g rave. We were ad rection we wanted to go, onl y as far vised not t o undertake such a peril north as the Prophet River, and ous journey, but the more diffi culties that nothing much was definitely that a,'ose, the more we wanted t o known beyond that point. In addi go. W e went over carefully each tion t o many maps of the surroln:J.d possible approach t o our proposed ing country, the Department of the des tination. Interi or sent us photostat copi es of The T opographical Survey of old reports and magazin e clip pings, Canada, very courteously released et c., 'written by trappers, prospec one of their fo remost topographers, t ors and others, from as far back K . F . McCusker, to accompany us as 1887, all of w hich we went over and map the country. with meticul ous care. It took us about nine months t o W e read of the attempts of men fo rmulate our pl ans and complet e w ho set out t o traverse this coun- 0 111' ar rangements. D r. B. H. Chand- 62 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 At the e11d of our first da)"s ride (The autho·y in the center) lee, a surgeon, agreed to be a mem It was 1 A. M. when we reached ber of our little expedition. We had the 'camp nearby, where our outfit, several movie cameras along and composed of nine men, fifty-eight these were manned by Norman, horses, tents, food, etc., was wait Norman, J r., and S. Clark, our out ing for us. Our g uides had been en fitter. gaged and everything arranged for We left Philadelphia June 25th, some 111 on ths ahead, that there and after travelling as far as the might be no delay at starting time. railroad could carry us towards our A.fter a night's rest of four hours, destination, vve alighted in Pouce we packed up, mounted our horses Coupe, Peace River Block, Canada, and started on our long trek. on June 30th at 6 P. M. Pouce We had over 1,000 miles to cover Coupe is about 250 mi les northwest and 75 or 80 days at our di sposal. of Jasper and about 425 miles north Our way led throug h low meadow west of Banff. Sixty-five miles by land the first 'week, much of it along motor, and ferrying across the Peace the Halfway River. altitude abo\1t River, brought us to Fort St. John, 1,800 to 2,500. We rode through but not before we had found it neces g reat stretches of level and open sary to get out and push our cars rolling country cove:'ed w ith fin e through some mud holes on the pasture grass and fringed with splen road. did spruce, pine and poplar forests, Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 63 Halfway River dark, rich fertile soil everywhere, The plants grew about 2 to 2Yz feet surely capable of raising magnificent tall and were equally handsome crops some day. eit:her singly as sipecimens, or in the The temperature fell below freez patches of thousands that colored ing nearly every night, even in July. large areas in so many of the mea In August it was sometimes 18 or claws. 20 degrees at getting-up time and They were, however, far from be in early September one morning it ing the delicate things they ap was but" 12 degrees. The mid-days, peared to be, and night after night however, when clear and sunny, of hard freezing failed to impair were a delightful contrast to the their beauty. Often in the early cold nights. Frequently in July the mornings the frost caused them to temperature rose to 80 degrees, and appear as though they had been even in September the noon tem sprinkled by tiny diamonds, and perature was over 60 degrees when when the first rays of the rising sun the sun shone. I often wondered touched them they were so beauti how beautiful and fragile-looking ful, it seemed as though they must flowers could stand such extremes belong to another wo;-]e1. of temperatures. There was an extra large clump In these meadows Pole1nonium acu near our camp one evening, which tifion£11'£ grew profusely and I thought bore about 20 stems all about 3 ft. I had never seen a more exquisitely tall. I counted 118 flowers and beautiful flo'wer. The fragile, al buds on one stem alone! It was most sky blue blossoms over 1% growing on a burned over hillside inches in diameter, were lightly held and stood quite by itself. The gold above a rosette of fern-like foliage. en evenil1g sunshine, the orange col- 64 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Mary Cr. li enr)' H~tnd1'eds of spikes of DelphilliH1IL scopu.[or1l11l glaMOtJn were blooming in this clea?'ing ored butterflies that drowsed on the a pack was not always a simple mat paj,e blue bIlossoms. The memory area ter. A trowel went in a sheath on of my brain will have to enlarge, so one side of my belt and a heavy knife many unforgettable pictures were on the other sid e. A s trong pair of stored in it daily. saddle bags was fastened to the pom D elphinium scopMlorum glaucum, mel of my saddle, in which each too, was ,plenti ful, of a deep 'blue pur morning I placed several empty jam ple. These grew in stout stemmed cans. W henever I saw rt plant I sturdy c\lllT1PS of 20 to 30 feet in wanted, during our ride, I dismount open meadows. They grew very much ed, dug it up, slipped it inro a can taller in rich, moist Isoil and in the and then caug ht up with the others semi-shade of open forests and es as fast as Chum, my horse, could pecially beneath the delightful waving carry me. Each evening I aired and branches of Popuhts tre71'Luloides. I watered a1\ full cans and then in the never t ired of watching the t1ny, toy morning packed them away in wood size leaves of this lovely tree, for en packing cases. Sometimes the they were scarcely ever still and cans were frozen t o the ground and they cast a most enchanting light I had t o use my axe to chop them shade. loose. Sometimes the meadows took on a There is, of course, a heavy mor rosy tint from the pretty seed plumes tality among newly collected plants. of Geum t1'ijlorum. About three-fourths of those from Collecting plants w hil e riding with the Southern States usually live and Jan., 1934 THE NATlONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 65 K. F. M cCusluT Chalk w hite t1'unks of Pop1Jdu.s t1'em'bbloides, Cache Creel? these, as a rille, make themselves at and snow and low t emperatures and home quite quickly. Not so, how a bright arctic sun. ever, do those from British Colum One day we came 10 a most mag bia. Only about one-third survive nificent grove of trees . They were the first of our hot summers and Pop1ldu.s t1'emulo'ides, and formed an they are then in such a condition impressive sight, and w ith their huge that it takes about t wo years to re straight white trunks, appeared al cover (or a short time t o die!). Alas, most like marble columns. These these wild things of the Northland were over 30 inches in diameter and pine for their native home, with ic e the trees were about 100 feet high. 66 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 The bark on the younger trees, and leave it and wished I might camp on the north side of the older trees near that I might return again and was pale gray green, but on the again to admire such a whoJly per south side of mature trees it was fect creation. just as white as paper. This tree, Aquilegia brevistyla in blue and sometimes called the trembling as white, a small attractive columbine pen, with its chalk white trunk and was occasionally in evid ence, in stony small lace-like foliage is t o my mind more beautiful than the w hite birch ground, but neve,' plentiful. and makes a far nobl er tree. On July 7th we left the last habi Mostly in every lightly shaded wood tation, an isolated ranch, far behind we came ,to ,a.nd frequently in the open, and the narrow paths we follovlled when the ground was moist, M ertensia hereafter were Indian trails, in some paniculata with ind'ividual fl owers mea places indistinct and hard to follow, suring % of an inch long, g rew over or game trails, worse yet, and some 3 ft. tall with much vigor and in times we travell ed by compass with g reat profusion. no trail at all. A long the edges of the rivers El Each day seemed to bring a new eagnus argentea, one of the most de thrill of some sort. In a few days lig htful of all small trees, was in our way took us along some dry full bloom and its sweetly fragrant hillsi des w here thousands upon thou banana yellow little beJls looked sands of roses were abloom in such most dainty against its almost pure "quantities they made the landscape silver leaves. quite pink and perfumed the air for On July 4th we climbed up from miles with their delicious fragrance. the H alfway River over a number of H ere, too, in t he hjgher dry open low rounded hiJl s until we were grassy places, grew numberless plants quite high, and had a fin e view of of Pentstemon proce1'1£s. The flowers the surrounding country. were small , but as they grew numer In a little dip between two hiJls was ously and closely on a short pike a coppice and drarwing close I Slp ied a about eight to ten inc·hes tall and were large and handsome clump of Cypri colored a marvelously pure brilliant ped·ium passerinum in full bloom, sapphire bIlle, the effect was very fine. about 18 inches across. Dozens of Growing in the meadows in C0111Jpany the beautiful blooms were swaying with deLphinium, 'polemoniul11 and fre slightly by the breeze about 10 inches quently also pentstemon, the buds of from thei r mossy couch. I picked Aconitum delphinifoliu1n were opening a few of these precious jewels for into their quaintly hooded shapes of my press although I disliked t o dis deepest royal blue purple in a shade turb such a lovely plant, as beauti so rich I have never seen its equal. ful a one as I had ever seen in my With its slenderer st em and larger life. I never saw a plant with fl ow fl owers, thoug h cl osely related, it is ers of a more elegant form. They a far handsomer plan t than the dep were an inch and a quarter across phinillm. This striking ly beautiful and the spreading pale g reen sepals fl ovver also frequently climbed t o seemed to clasp the small spherical about 6,000 feet on the mountains white pouch as thoug h loath to let and oft en dotted cold, bleak moun it go, and over both the little green tain passes. In these places it was hooded dorsal was bent. I hated to sometimes only three inches tall and Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 67 Jose phine H wry Pentste111,on p1'OCerUs 68 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Josephille Henry Aconitu.1n d elph 111;ifolium produced but one large gorgeous tense and om horses' feet falling on bloom. the soft 111 0SS scarcely made a sound. Corydalis se1llpe1'7)ire ll S was splendid Frequently we had long stretches on a hill sid e with fl owers of deep of muskeg t o cross. Often they coral pink-tipped orange. were so well covered with g reen We rode through forests of fine moss we could not recogni ze them spruces with trees well over 100 feet until O\1'r horses fl oundered in them tall, 111any with a trunk diameter of up to their saddles. When the ml1 s about 36 inches. The fl oor of the k eg was very bad we had to di s forest was covered with deep green mount and lead the horses over. We 111 0SS, t hrough which L1'111Laea borealis ol1r selves were scarcely able to get a11le1-icalla and Corn1ls canadensis were through, and very often the horses both findin g their way. There were stuck so badly, it was necessary to few birds anywhere. Now and then get ropes B. H. Chandlee A n I nd1:an t1'ail in the 1W1'th, near S~I11~m-it Pass They Me seld011'/, as easy to follow as th'is breath away. F requently I led my t een to t wenty mil es, but sometimes horse nearly all day that I mi g bt be much more. About once every week as close as possible to the glorious or ten days we st opped a clay t o give ca rpet that covered the earth. the a rest, and these stops gave me The little Indian trail s we were opportunities t o climb mountain s. using became indi stinct and hard to Althoug h the altitude was hi gher fo llow. Sometimes we travell ed here, about 2,5 00-3,000, we still fre along game trails and by the foot quently rode throug h long meadows prints in them we saw they were often fi ve mil es long, or more, pro used by g rizzly bear, moose, deer, tect ed by mountai ns about 5,000 to goat, elk, wolves, sheep and cari 7,000 fee t hig h on either sid e. T hese bou, all of w hich some of us ran meadows 'were ve;'itabl e seas of blue into at various times. Occasiona ll y in many shades, the varyin g tints we had no tra il at all. waving in the breeze g ivin g a most The days were long. The sun lovely effect . was shining when we got up at about On July 9th we were camped at 4 A . M . and was still shining w hen the foot ' of P ink Mountain, near we went to bed at 11 P . M ., but they Quarter Creek. T he weather was were none t oo long. stormy and a sudden squall lifted During the fir st part of our trip one of the small est t ents into the the sun rose so early and set so branches of a t ree about 30 feet late that we had no real night at all , from the g round. for the sky began to g row li ght be The foll owin g day some of us fore darkness ever came. E ach day st arted out to climb the mountain, we rode as far as the horses could altitude 5,000. The mountains were g o comfo rtabl y, usuall y about fi f- not ve:-y high as we were travelling 70 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 a little to the east of the main range them, for long before I was close of the Rockies, but as the tree limit enough to gather the lovely blos was about 4,300-4,500 they had the soms, their delicious fragrance was appearance of being much higher. wafted to me by the breeze, and I Gentiana prostrata grew near our thought it was the handsomest and camp in the open. It was but an most delightful of all the oxytropis inch or two high and had leaves so I had ever seen. fine it resembled a moss until it Another beautiful flower on this opened its tiny, splendid sapphire mountain was Lupinus arcticus which blue flowers. bore a spike with round, lumpy flow Our way was through a forest of ers of a very fine dark indigo blue, Populus tremuloides, and in a short and with a texture like velvet. time this was replaced by spruce. It was getting late and we had to The muskeg was bad in the hollows turn homeward, but the storm which and in one place my horse almost had been hanging fire all day caught disappeared from view and I was and drenched us before we reached seriously alarmed for his safety. shelter. Even his head vanished beneath the Although the middays when the mud, only a portion of the back of sun was shining were so pleasant his neck and part of the saddle were and mild, the nights surely were visible, but with the supreme effort cold. The next day icicles were still an animal makes to save his own hanging on our tent when we were life, he climbed to safety. packing up after breakfast, and our Ledum g-roenlandicu,11l, was flower bathing suits were frozen solid. The ing and, though never showy, it was latter was a frequent occurrence. a pretty little shrub, but the high spot For some days I had been search of these muskegs at this time was ing for an albino polemonium, feel Vacciniu1n oX)lcoccos; our guides ing sure that sooner or later one spoke of it as "Pink Moss," a name ""ould turn up, and so it did. Just which aptly describes it, for its tiny after crossing a little stream one flowers, copiously produced, were a day, we came to a sort of glade and bright rosy pink and did not rise the sunshine was filtering through more than an inch from their mossy the trees and giving a golden glint couch. to the 1110S'5, .and thereI found a In a damp sheltered .place Geranium \",hite polemonium. I have seldom Richardsonii was growing about 24 seen a flower of such pure and deli inches tall, with handsome white cate beauty. These polemoniums flowers nearly two inches in diam seem equally happy in peat or loam eter. Upon leaving the trees the or even sand, and thrive both in sun mountain was so steep and the sides and shade. In a short time I found so slippery with finely broken shale, another white one, with just a faint that it was very difficult to get a shading of palest blue, perhaps even footing. lovelier than the other. But there were myriads of a beau The following day, July 12th, we ti ful yellow oxytropis (possibly O. were crossing a pass between the saximontana) not far off and (longed Halfway River and the Sikanni Chief to see them more closely. I was River. There were many of the little fiLled with joy upon approaching blue pentstemons. whi·ch had not Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 71 Jos e Ph~1,!(! H enry O,1>ytropis SaXi1%Ontana 72 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Jan. , 1934 Near the sou·rce of the Silwnni Chjef River J an. , 1934 T HE NATIONAL H ORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 73 varied in color. As a matter of fact, Before I had seen a mountain with they w ere entirely perfect as they no.thing in bl oo.m on it but Rhododen w ere, it being quite impossibl e to dron catawbiense, as far as I co uld see, improve upon their ha ndsome shade only Rhododendron catawbiense and of blue. I w as pleased, however, t o one lone bush of the fl ame azalea. see a most beautiful pink one. My A nd up in those hig h hills magenta horse w hile trotting, had stepped came into its own again. rig ht over it before I coul d stop him. One g lori ous day, but all days are Thei'e w as no tinge of purple to g lorious in this wonderful land of spoil the pureness of its rosy hue. "beyond," one day, thei'efore, we stopped to eat our noon sandwich. L a ter on w hile riding through a I usua ll y a te mine on horseback so forest w here, as usual, mertensias I would have this half hour to wan show ed blue everywhere, a pure der about and hunt for something of w hite one suddenl y appeared ahead. interest, and I never had to search The fl ow er s were quite globular and in vain. The spruce trees about us resembled fine pearls. My tin cans w ere g rowing in a sort of scattered w ere full, so I untied my raincoat fashion. There w as quite a bit of from my saddl e and soon tied it on open space between them, and so again, a larger bulk w ith a precious their fin e dark g reen spires were cargo. each almost perfect. A soft p ale R ain had been threat ening all day g ray-g reen li chen, g row in g in those and soon it began to pour, and kept billowy little mounds that have a it up for hours. There had been way of softly bubbling over, com both muskeg and fall en timber to plet ely covered the stony g round negotiate that day a nd we were everywhere except for a tuft or two over eig ht houi's in the saddle with of D'r'jlas integ1'ifolia. I continued my not a single stop, except to hastily way for a while when I became con coll ect a few fl owers and it was a scious of a deli cious fragrance, some tired bunch of horses we broug ht in t hing like that of a wild rose, in the that nig ht. Most o f us "ve re badly ai r. I "l ooked up. I could see them bruised on the arms and legs from ahead through the trees. In a wide horses bumping us again st the close open Slpace, from which evidently a g rowin g trees. sto.rm had stri.pped the timber, were N ext day I was surprised to find a several dozens o.f H edysaru111, M ac tiny " fl owering" f ern, Botrjlcll"ium ke1Mii in all their wild baa;bari c ma l ~m G1 ' ia , only 2 inches hi gh growing on genta, but in a tone so pure, so deep a bleak pa5s a t a n altitude of 4,200 and rich and spl·endicl I thought I had feet. never seen anything more magnificent. T here are S0 1l1 e people who just July 14th found us e nca mped on cannot bear those various shades o.f the shore of Redfern Lake with snow red-purple that are damned by the ap capped m ountains ri sin g all about us. pelation of magenta. It seems t o hurt A fter rowing across t he lake in our their eyes and their feelings t oo . I pneu11latq c boat, a half hour's climb . must be honest and :admit that one through dense spruce forest brought time in my life I felt that way al so. us to Fairy Lake, more bea utiful even But that was in the dark. dim "long than Redfe rn. ago," before I had seen the Scottish W e climbed a shoulder o f Great hills afl ower in all thei r hea ther-glory. Snow Mountain just south of the 74 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Joseph·i. ne Hewry Dryas integ1"ifolia lake. This led us up its northern slope found Rhododendron lapponin£1n in which was what I wanted. Pyrola plenty. Alas, its flowers were over. asMifolia, PYTola ch.loTantha, C 01' all 0- Many other lovely things en rou B. H. Chandlee Redfe1'n Lake M. c. Hen1'Y B em~tifu l natural 1'ock gardens on G1'eat Snow NI mmtain Fair}' Lake an left American Clematis for American Gardens By J. E. SPINGARN A few of our native Clematis are ni sts do not accept as sufficient to fairly well known in gardens, and al create ~pecific rank, and nlUnerous m06 t everyone knows the wild clematrs synonyms are yet Ito be ascertained, of our hedgerows and roadsides, with so that the actual number remains in their plumes of "Old 1\/Ian's Beard" doubt. Our knowledge of them has it1 A uttU11n. But these are only a increased enormously during the last very small pal"t of what nature has century as the resu:1t of botanical ex offered us for the beauty of our fields ploration and study. F ifty years ago and woods, or fo r introduction into the Kuntze attempted to reduce them to more intimate atmosphere of our gar 66 slpecies and 100 s ubspecies; and dens. It is true that they can hardly since then they have been estimated vie for mere gorgeousness of di splay in very different ways, from the 100 with those large-fl owering hybrids of Britton to the 240 of R ehder. Per which adorn so many Englis h gardens. haps it ·would not Ibe unreasonable to and of which C. Ja ck111ani is the most say that there are at least 300 species. common in our own. But many of This does not take account of the them have a certain wild beauty. a vast number Qf garden hybrids, which shy loveliness, which should endear some gardeners ( though not very wi se them to American heal'ts for their ones) think are the only kinds worth own sake, and make us turn to them considering, and of which there are when we tire of the showier kinds. at least 200 or 300. Some of them a re better known in Not all of these are worthy of a English gardens than in our own ; and pl ace in gardens. A few are weedy in a recent article in an E nglish pe things, and best forgotten .; but most ri odical on cl ematis for the rock gar of them are of real interest .to the den, three of the four species recom gardener for one reason or another, mended are native to the United and many are of inexpressable love States. In fact, except for Eastern liness. Most of them are climbers, Asia and the Himalayas, there is no but some are erect, bOoth herbaceous region in the world ri1cher in clema'tis and woody, and they range in size than our own country. from twelve inches to thirty or forty Few people reali ze how many spe feet. They are of an almost unimag cies of clematis are 'scattered all over inable variety of shapes and co:lors. the earth, in Asia and North Ameri ca, Taking the genus as a whole, and in in Europe, New Zealand, A ustralia, cluding the garden hybrids, one might South and Central America, Africa, say that the colors include nearly and the islands of the sea. Ov,er four every shade in R idgway's color-chart; hundred species have been described and the shapes are quite as diverse by :botanis'ts, after making allowances there are small , medium, and large for all recognized synonyms; but fl owers; fl at, tubular, and urn-shaped many of these represent very slight fl owers; fl owers like anemOones or differences which conservative bota apple-'hUosSQms or semi-double roses. [ 76 1 Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 77 So that many people, con fronted by a speoies of this type are more closely new species, often exclaim, "But this akin to the E uropean C. Vitaiba than lsn't what I thought a clemati s was to either ji(JJ111J11~'M.la or paniculata, and like at all!" The differences are in they are therefore referred by some fact so great that some botanists have botanis>ts to the Vitalba Type. divided the genus into three or even II. Vionw Type. This type has four genera, to which they have given tubular, urn-shaped, or pitcher-shaped the names Clematis, Vionw, Atmgene, fl owers, usuall y solitary (sometimes and Viticella. F or garden purpos~s >two or three). It includes both climb ~t seems useless to s'plit the genus in ers ,and non-dilnbers. It derives its this way, and even most botanists name from the du:ll reddish purple have rejected Ithe division ; but it is C. Vionw of the middle west, but the obvious that there are several di stinct species best known in gardens are C. -types of clematis, and some knowl t e~'Censis (syn., coccinea) and C. edge of these botanical distinctions is crisp,a. There a:re many species of this useful, indeed almost essential, to the type, land a wide diversity o[ shades gardener. of color and other differenoes between Asa Gray's Synoptical Flora of plants of the same species, so that the North America (not to be confused problem of nomenclature or identifi with hi s widely used M am~al of B ot cation presents incred ible difficulty; an~y) li'sts 26 species of clemati's in the but all of them -exhibit an unmis United States, but more than fifty takable resemblance in the shape of have been described by botanists, and the flower, which is quite different it still remains a question how many from that of any other type of are worthy of specific rank. They clematis. may be divided into three m:ain types: III. Atmgene T'ype. The genus 1. Paniculata T '~J'Pe . This type is Clematis is di stingui shed by the fact the one most commonly associated that the fl owers have no petals, the with the name clematis, and the bo most conspi1cuous colored portion be tanical "splitters" admit its right to ing petal-like sepals. But in this the name. All the species of this type type t he staminodes (sterile or abor are climbers, with compound leaves, tive stamens) have become enlarged, and small white flow ers in panicles. and in some cases are so large as to It includes our common C. Virgin-ian a partake of the nature of petals; in and the western C. lig%sticifolia. Gray, fact, >they are called petals by some following De Cando lie, calls it the bo>tanis,ts. The species are dimbers or Flammula Group, after the European low trailers, a:nd most of them are ad C. jia111.1 L. W. Brownell Clem,at·is Vi1"giniana 80 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 which is really a mere variety of be in doubt about it again. It is this paucifolia with somewhat larger type which especially causes the nov leaves and flowers ; and C. dio-ica, ice to exclaim, "Is that really a clem which has the tiniest flowers of the atis?" and which makes even the hard group, and may be described as a poor ened gardener '''Tonder at times relative of C. Virginia1w., but which whether the "splitters" are not justi is remarkable for the wide range over fied in assigning it to a separate genus. which it extends, from Southern Ari The members of this group are known zona, New Mexico, and Texas, co.llectively as Leatherflowers, because through Mexico, Central America, of the leathery or fleshy texture of and the West Indies, and all through the calyx, but the name properly be South America to Peru and Argen longs to. a single species, C. Viorna, tina. But these have only a botanical which is ,the IDOSt leathery of all. interest, and are hardly orriaments of The chief glory of the Viorna Type the garden. Indeed, except for the i's the Texas or Scarlet Clematis, C. passionate collector of clematis. C. texensis. It was first collected iJ:' Vi1'g·inia.na, C. lig1tst·icifolia, and C. Texas in 1850, and was called C. lasiantha will suffi'ce. These are at cocc1:nea by Engelmann, but as this tractive plants, though for garden pur name was apparently never published poses possibly somewhat inferior to by him, though it was ascribed to him the European C. Vitalba or the J ap in print by Gray three years later, the anese C. panic-UllMa, to which they are name given by Buckland in 1861 , C. mo'st dlosely related. texens'is, is now regarded as official. All the species of this type are gen It is a slender climber, hardy in New erally knQlwn as Virgin's Bower, but York and, at least along the seacoast, some of them have local names of as far north as Bar Harbor, Maine. racier charm. So C. Vi1'gi11'ia.na is Its flowers range in color from scar variously called Wild Clematis, Trav let to rose-pink, but a typical blo.ssom eller's Joy, Love-Vine, Devil's Hair, may be described in Ridgway's terms Devil's Darning Needle, and Wild as begonia rose to spectrum red on Hops; C. ligusticifolia is sometimes the outside, and pa'le pinkish buff, called Wind-Flower; C. lasiwn.tha, sometimes flu shed geraniLUTI pink, on Pipe-Stem; and C. paucifiol'G, R ope the inside. All the members of the Vine. C. Vi1'giniana, like C. Vitalba Viorna Type are excellent for trelli·ses in England, is also sometimes called or fences, for scrambling over bushes, Old Man's Beard because of its Io.ng or for the wild garden, and some for plumes in autumn, just as C. dioiw the large rock garden, but none is for a similar reason is known in more ,graceful and delightful than rthis South America as "Juan Lana," which one. My own plants bloom during means John Wool or woolly-head. July and August, with always some bloss()IJ.11S still flashing unti'l frost ex VIORNA TYPE tingui-shes their fire. Some thirty years ago Max Leichtlin in Baden This type, as I have a:lready pointed Baden, by constant sQlwings and selec out, is dis tinguished by its urn-shaped tion, produced a 'seedling with flowers or pitcher-shaped fl owers, and no one three 'times the ordinary size, but this who has ever seen la single blossom strain has disappeared, if it was ever of any clematis of this type will ever introduced into cultivation, and some Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 81 Donald M errett © Clematis teJ.;ensis 82 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Jan., 1934 adven1urous Amerioan may make a climber up to ten feet or more, and new aJttempt to do something of the grows easily in any well-limed gar sort, though it is difficult to see how den soil. In July and August it bears the fl owerc.ould be improved by mere a profusion of lavender or pale pink increase in size. But care should be ish 1)ur.ple flowers, or in Ridgway's taken in selecting a good strain, with terms, pale bluish lavender to lavender the true bri·lIiance o f the fl ower at on the outsi de, with the tips and in iTS best, for dingy and di sappointing ,side pale turtle green. It should be fonns are nat uncommon, and it is widely planted, and as I know of no always risky to grow seeds from un place where plants can be procured, known plants. Of the vari ous hy I shall be glad to send seeds to any brids produced from C. texenS'is, I c'lematis enthusiast while the supply shal'l have something to say hereafter. lasts. A slender climber of much the same There are also 'several interesting kind is the Marsh or Curly Clematis, low herbaceous phants in this group, C. c-rispa, with fl owers of varying especially C. ochroleuca with its pale shades of purple or steel-blue. It yellow fl owers, C. Scottii from the also has graceful foliage, and its Far West with light blue to bluish flowers appear a little 'later than those violet fl owers, and C. Fremol1tii from of C. texensis. It is hardy at Bar Kansas and Missouri, with lavender Harbor, and has survived for several fl owers, all of which would fit admi years in a Montreal ·garden, though rably into t he rock garden or wild it has not yet flow ered there. It is a garden. C. Baldwinii, a dainty gem native of the Sou1h, from Virginia to from Florrida, is of dubious hardiness, Florida and Texas, and is usually but might suit the acid soil of Long found in swamps and wet woods, Island and Philadelphia. sOlITletimes in acid soil, but in my own But ,the number of 'species of the garden it thrives in ordinary loam Viorna Type seems to be -legion, and which has been well limed. A Florida the co nfusion regarding them is often variety, Walte1'i, has much nan-ower ex:asperating. Our South and Soulth leaves, and both the type and its va west are especially rich in species, and riety are distinguished by sharply re some of these have never been intro curved sepals. duced into our gardens. I append a Other attractive climbers of si milar bare catalogue of most of the species type, all ranging in color from laven of this type, as a sort of running der or Ipale pinkish purple to dClJrk guide through the maze of species, purple, are C. versicolor of Missouri synonoytlTl'S, and dubi ous names. I and A rkansas, C. retic%lata of our have tried to make dear that there sourthern s,tates, and C. Pitcheri (syn., are far fewer distinct ho,rticU'ltural Simsii). But the most a:tt-ractive of forms or true botwnical species than the whole group, with the exceptioa this deluge of names and minute dif of te.:re1Qsis, seems to me to be a new ferentiations might 'l ead one to 'S up species or natural hybrid of unknown pose. But my chief hope is that such a origin, now gro,wing in my own gar li s'l: may make gardeners aware of the den a1 Troutbeck, and of which a full treasures that still await them, and may botanical description will be found tempt them to search for the plants elsewhere in this article. This I have and int roduce them into cultivation. called C. trou.tbeckiana. It is a sturdy To the gardeners from Virginia to Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 83 D. M. Andrews Clem,at'is S cottii T exas, especially, it s hould serve as them are of some shade of purple, a call to action. I have grown, or except where otherwise indicated. tried to grow, a dozen or more .of C. Addis01~ii-A low plant, one to these species in my own garden, but three feet high, along river banks in the rest I know only from dried Virginia, North Carolina, and T en herbarium specimens, a tan'talizing nessee, t he lower I ~aves simple and form of half-knowledge for the lover sessile, t he upper pinnate with sessile of growlng t hings. Nearly all of leafl ets. 84 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 C. albico111&--A low plant in the ferred t o a hybrid (C. crisp a X C. shale ba.rrens of Virginia and West integrifolia) which I am unable to Virginia, related to C. ochrolettca; trace, and ,certainly the C. cylindrica formerly known as C. ova,ta, but not illustrated in Lavallee's Les Cle111 a the ovata of Punsh, which is a syno tites d grandes fieurs is quite different nym, or geogmphi'cal variation, of C. from C. crispa. ochroleuca itself. The name, accord C. Douglasii-A low plant, about ing to Dr. Wherry, is " derived from two feet high, growing in Montana, its most unique character, the whitish Wyoming, and Washington, with nar hairs on its achene-appendages." row leaves and purplish flowers; also known as hirsutissima. The va C. a1riz()wic(lr---An Arizona form of e. riety J onesii groW's in Co'iorado and C. Douglasii, with interesting grass New Mexico, and differs from the like foliage, collected by Dr. Mc type in the dilated margins of the Douga:ll at an altirt:ude of 7,000 feet in Walnut Canyon. sepaIs, the petioled ,and less compound leaves, and the more brownish cast of Bakeri-A Colorado form of e. e. the color of the flower. In the va Douglasii, growing at an altitude of riety S cottii (sometimes given specific 7,000-8,000 feet. rank as C. Scottlii) which is found C. Baldwini:i-The "pine-hyacinth" from Montana and Wyoming to New of Ithe pinelands and acid marshes of Mexico, the leaves are twice pinnately peninsular Florida, with pinkish pur divided, instead of three times as is ple fl owers, a delightful little plant usual in the ty'pe, and the light blue about a foot high, as may be seen to bluish violet sepals are somewhat from the colored i.Jlustration of it 111 covered with long, soft hairs; it is Addisonia. perhaps the most attractive of these C. B eadlei-Cl osely related to C. bushy VI/estern Viornas, and tlwives reticulata, and for horticultural pur best in well-drained soil and a sunny poses identical, found in t he hills position. The foliage of all It hese is of Georgia and Tennessee. alm ost fern-like. C. Bigelovii-A tiny-flowered form C. er·iophora- F ound from Wyo of C. Pitcheri in New Mexico and m~ng to Utah and New Mexico, and Arizona, with delightfully airy leafage. closely related to C. Douglasii and C. e. coccinea-A synonym of C. te,,\:- Balu6, but the stems and leaves have enSbs. soft whitish hairs ; one of the more C. cordata-An obsolete name; the attractive of the Viornas. It prefers cordata. of Sims is a synonym of C. 'leafmold soil and partial s hade. crispa, and the co1'data of Pursh is a C. fihfera-A Mexican species, or synonym of C. Virginiana. variety of C. Pitcher?:, found in south C. crispar--A slender climber in wet ern T exas and New Mexico. ground in the South, already described C. flaccid(lr---Found in thickets in and commended. The variety WaUeri KentulCky and Tennessee; reselTlJblies has much narrower leaves, and IS C. V iorna except that its leaflets are sometimes given specific rank as C. entire and more hairy, and the sepals Walteri. are lavender with greenish tips. C. cylind1'ic(lr---Another synonym of C. Fremonlii-A low plant growing C. crispa; but it is also sometimes re- in K ansas, Nebraska, and Missouri, Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 85, D. M . An.d1'ews Cle111.atis eriphora closely relat~d to C. ochroleuca, with C. glaucophylla - A climber found 'lavender o,r lilac flowers. a'long river banks from Kentucky and C. Gattingeri-Growing along river N onth Carolina to AIa,bama and banks in Tennessee. Gosely rela:ted to northern Florida, with reddish stems Vion~a but is distinguished by its up to fifteen feet, leaves pale and slender habit, glandular pubescent fo glaucous underneath, and bright shin liage, small flowers with slender, tail~ ing purple flowers. Regarded by some like ends, and short plumose srtyles. as a variety, or even a synonym, of 86 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Clem,atis pj'e1'1'1Ontii e. Vio'rna, burt: certainly a tnuch more found usually in shale or sandy soil; striking form. an interesting 'pl.ant for the rock gar e. hi;rs~(, tissi111, a-A synonym of e. den or wild garden. DMtglasii. C. ovata (the true ovata of Pursh, C. Jonesi1'---A variety of C. Doug~ not the misnamed ovata of most re lasii. cent floras, which should now be C. obz,iq~~a--A form of C. crispa called C. albico111,o)-Is regarded by found in woods .and swam:ps from Dr. Wherry as a variety, or geo Florida to Georgia. graphical variation, of C. ochroleuca, e. Och1'oleuca·-A herbaceous per growing from Virginia to Georgia, ennial species, one to two feet high, ranging in color from creamy gray gwwing from Staten Island, New or pale yeIlowish white to various York, to Georgia, with entire, ovate shades of purple. leaves and solitary, cream-colored or e. Pal11~erir--An Arizona form of yellowish-white flowers (with or with e. Pitcheri (or e. fitifera) cdIUec'ted by out a purplish tinge) in spt-nng ; Ros'e at Fort Apache in 1891. Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 87 M1's. C. R. Marriage Cle111,atis S cottii C. Pitcheri---A climber scrambling have cO C. texensis - Formerly known as shades of lavender or light pinkish C. coccinea, is the :most striking and purple. It requi,res perfect drainage most generally admired species of the and full sun. Viorna Type, and has already been e. Viorna-Found from Pennsyl described and commended. A variety, vania and Ohio to Georgia and Ala 111{1j01', has somewhat larger flowers. bamra, with dull reddi'sh purple flowers e. t1'o%tbeckiana-A new species or of very leathery texture and tawny, natuml hybrid of unknown origin, or brownish, seed-plumes (rarely now growing in my garden at Trout white). A graceful plant, but its beck, and al ready referred to at some fl owers are perhClJps the a,east attrac length. As there is no species exactly tive of the Viorna Type. like it in the herbarium of the A r e. viticaul-is- A low plant growing nold Arboretum, New York Botanical in the shale region of Virginia, closely Garden, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, related to e. ochro l e~~ca, with purplish and P hiladelphia Academy of Natural (occasionally creamy gray) flowers. Scienoes, or in the herbarium and li,, e. 'l-1o'Y11ioides-Said by Britton to ing ·collection of Kew, I have given be a natural hybrid between C. Vi01'17a the plant this new name, and append and e. AddisoniZ:, growing at Roa a botanical description in a footnote* noke, Virginia. C. versicolor - A slender climber e. Walteri-A variety of e. c?·1spa. growing in scree soil from Missouri C. TlVyethii - A low perennial, to A rkansas, with fl ow'ers of different closely alli ed to C. Doug/asil:, found in Idaho, Montana, and \ Vyoming, *Olemaii.s t1·outbeck.ia.l1C(. Spingarn, a new spe cies or natural hybdd. A climbing vine, with and having the somewhat fern-like glabrous, reddish brown, and striped stems to foliage of the type. 2.5-3 meters long or more; lower leaves simple and entire (or a few low down on the stem Popu1ar names for this group rarely lobed); blades elliptic or ovate, 7-10 centi meters long, obtuse to retuse at the a.pex, strongly abound. We have already seen that veined and pale to gla u cous beneath, obtuse to subcordate at the base; petioles 1-2.5 centimeters they are known as Leatherflowers be long; upper leaves pinnate; leaflets 2-7 centi meters long, the bl ades ellipt ic, entire, obtuse to cause of the leathery or fl eshy tex Isubmucronate a,t the apex, acute at the base; ture of the sepals; and in the South, inflorescence compound, subtpuded by a p air of la rge (6-7 centimeters) bracts with ovate blades among the unlettered, they are often which are finely reticulate a.bove, prominently re ticulate beneath, and slender petioles ; middle called " ni gger-heads" because 0 f the branch of the infiol'escence elongate, naked, the two lateral branches shorter than the middle one, round, kinky masses of plumes at each bearing a pair of nearly sessil e l)l'actiets below the middle; flower s appear in July and tached to the seed vessels. There are August; calyx urceolate; sepa,ls thick, petal-like, also numerous local names for th ~ lavend er or p!llie p inkish pm'ple without, the re ourved t ips and within pale greeu; achenes vari ous species such as blue-jasmine, numerous, the body rhombic-ovate (or l'hombic ellipsoidal to rhombic-orbicular), inequilateral, crn-I-flower, marsh clematis, blue-bell, sil ky, the persistent styles sil very-plumose.-This description is reprinted from the G-a1'lLene'r J s and curly clematis for C. crispa., Ohro'7llic7e, J,ondon, October 21, 1933, with a few slight cha nges. A Latin description is now added . curly-heads and dwarf clematis for to conform to the intern ational rules: Oc h,'oleuca, vase-vine and leaiher Sp. nov. a.ut h ybr. nat. Frutex scan dens, e. ramulis glabl" is et lineis l"ubido-brunneis dis flow er for e. Vio'Yna" pine hyacinth tinctis, 2 .5-3 In. longis: foli a inferiora simplicia at integra, elliptica aut ovata, 7-10 cm. longa, for e. Baidwi17l:i, and sugar bowq, 01d SU)11" a obtll~a aut retu sa, basi obtusa aut sub COl' data, subter colore pallido, petiolis 1.5-2 cm. maids' bonnets, old man's whiskers, 10ngis; foli a supel'iora pi nnata, foliolis ellipticis, integris, 2-7 em . longis, supra obtusis aut sub and li on's beard for C. Douglasii. mucronatis, basi acut-is: infiol'escentia composita, ramulo medio elongato, subtento 2 bracteis ovatis ATRAGENE TYPE et reticulatis, 6-7 em. long is, et ramuli s laterali bus bl"acteoli s prope sessilibus: calix uTceolatus, sepali s crassis, petaloideis, colore subl'ubid o-sub The species of the Atragene T ype pU l"p urino extrinsecu,s, vh" idulo-suhftavo intus: achenia rhombico-ovata, stylis plum osis. are all climbers or low trailers with Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 89 G. W. Harting X Cle111,atis T1'outbeckiana, show i11g th e half1'ipe f ruiting heads 90 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 compound leaves and fairly large their own. It may be given space in flowers, nodding and solitary, mostly any large roc.k garden, 0'1' allowed to with four petal-like sepals and usually scramble over bushes in the wild gar with the outer or sterile stamens, den. It is an attractive and unusual oa:lled staminodes, more or ness petal plant. There 1S a charming colored like. The Eastern representative of illustration of its European namesake this type is C. verticillaris (also called in Gartenschoenheit ( 1920), running Atragene a1nericana) , which is found over a rock, as it were, Eke a watCll' on limestone ridges and in rocky fall, the lovely blue of the flowers woods from Quebec and Manitoba to harmonizing with the scintiHating hue North Carolina, and is known locally of the rocks; and there is no reason as the Purple Clematis, Bell-rue, why the American form cannot serve Mountain Clematis, Rock Clematis, the same purpose. and Purple Virgin's Bower. The Various forms of these species oc leaves are three-foliate, and arranged cur throughout .the Rocky Mountain in a kind of whorl. Its purplish blue region, and may be regarded as varie flowers appear in May and J line, and ties or as separate species, such as are among the rarest of wild flowers. C. diversiloba and grossesenata with It delights in a soil composed of lime three-foliate leaves, and C. tenuiloba stone and leaf mold, and thrives best and rep ens with twice three-foliate in semi-shade. Its Far Western va leaves. All of them ought to be bet riety, columbiana, sometimes given ter known to Eastern garde.ners; yes, specific rank as C. columbiana, is and to Wes'tern gardeners too. They found from British Columbia and are more difficult to establish than Washington to Colorado and Utah, most of the species of the Paniculata and in the wi'ld appears to be a taller and Viorna Types, but they are dis climber than its Eastern relative; it tinctly worth all the trouble they may delighrs to clamber over bushes and gl\Te. even up trees. It is a very vari able species, and differs from the type NATURALIZED SPECIES chiefly in having narrower and more pointed sepals. An interesting colored At least three foreign species have become 'locally naturalized in the illustration may be found in Mrs. United States: the Japanese C. pan.icu Wa:lcott's North AWLe?-ican Flowers. lata in various places f,rom New York Somewhat different is the Far to Florida; the Italian C. Viticella, in Western species, C. pseudoalpina. Tennessee; and the yellow Chinese Originally regarded as an American climber, C. oy,ientalis, from Idaho to. variety of the European C. alpina, New Mexico. The last was at first and called C. alpina occidentalis, it is thought to be a new species and was. now considered a separate species. Its named C. aawea until its true identity foliage is twice three-foliate and finely was discovered. divided, and its ·nodding flowers, with This is no doubt an incomplete lance-shaped sepals ranging in color record, but it suggests to the imagina from light mauve to purple or violet tion what the wild garden of the fu a.nd even -rarely white, 'have a charm of ture may become. In a limestone Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 91 Cle111,atis (Atmgene) columbiana country several delightful species of European hybridists; and what IS clema6s, quite in keeping with our even stranger, not a single one of native flora, may be made to thrive these hybrids can at the present time and increase. Such native s'pecic'S as be procured in the United States. texensis, crispa, verticilbaris, pseudo Surely these foreign~born children of alpina, ' Fremontii, ochroleuca, and American blood should find a wel ligusticifolia, suit the wild garden ad come in their ances1tral home. mirably; such foreign species as ta:n C. texensis (syn., coccinea) appears g~~tica, orientalis, Viticella, panicu to have been the most prolific parent lata, Vitalba, alpina, 11W!c1'opetaZa, of this new race of hybrids, and 11wntana, brevicaudata, and the like, Camillo Schneider has grouped its would blend charmingly with their progeny together under the name of native neighbors; and even 'Such hy pseudococcinea. As early as 1893, brids of our awn texens'is a'S Countess Max Leichtlin had crossed C. texensis of Onslow and Duchess of Albany with the -large-flowering Chinese lanu would not be out of place. g~nosa and Edouard Andre had crossed i,t with the American Si111,sii (or Pitcheri). But i't was not until GARDEN HYBRIDS the following year that texensis began A nUHlber of very interesting plants to produce its most glorious offspring. have resulted from the crossing of In June, 1894, George Jackman & some of our native s'pecies with other Son exhibited Countess of Onslow, species and varieties, both American which received a first-class certificate and foreign. So far as I lmow, this from the Royal Horticultural Society. has been accomplished exclusively by It was a hybrid between tex ensis and 92 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Star of India, which is a reddish-plum C C1'ispa has also produced inter to vidlet-purple hybrid of the J ack esting offspring, both when crossed mani Type. It was a singularly hap with texensis and with other species py cross. Countess of Onslow has or varieties, and C. Pit cheri (syn., retained something of the shape and Sitnsii) he C. W. Harting Clematis CM£11.tess of Onslow, a h')lbrid derived f1'0111 the c1'ossing of our native C. texensis 'with the hybrid Star of India where the soil is hardly likely to be year at Troutbeck it has been thriving alkaline. C. crispa is found usually in *1 have discussed the question of "Clematis But neal"'iy all varieties require good and Lime" at gFeater length in Ga1'dewing IUus trated, London, November 18, 1933. drainage, and nearly all prefer some 94 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Ja,n., 1934 shade over their root-runs. Many of mer shoots, may be more severely them scramble over bushes in the wild, 'pruned if desired; some are herba and there is no better way of placing ceous or semi-herbaceous and, as it thes~e than by planting them on the were, prune themselves. It is often shady side of a low bush, and letting said that the foliage of clematis them climb into I1:>he sunlight through should not be allowed to form too the branches. Sorrie discretion, of dense a mass, as circulation of air is coupse, must be observed, for rampant important for the health of the plants; climbers like C. Virginia1w or ligHS but while this may be true, I have ticifolia would smother a delicate personaLly found disease quite as bush, but nearly all species of the often on single stems as on dense Viorna Tylpe, and some others, may masses of foliage. There is no Mn C. R. M Iltrriage Cle1natis pseudo-alpina Three New Euphorbiae from Madagascar By L EON CROIZAT Several months ago Mr. Raymond E. bevilan£ensis, sp. nov. I_A slen Decary serut me specimens in fluid of der shrub about 5 feet high. Terminal various kind of Euphorbia collected branchlets round, smooth, with brown by him at the extreme north (Bay of reddish bark, about 2 111m. in cross-sec Diego Suarez) as well as at the ex tion. Spines stipular up to 12 mm. treme south (vicini 1 Eupho"bia bevUwniensis sp. nov. Frutex a d elongate, obconi c cyathium is elapsed 1.50 m. altus Ramis ultimis teretibus. laevibu s, brunneis, e speci mine viso 2 mm , diametientibus. by a pair of red bracts (cyathophylla) Aculeis stipulal'ibus scutello nullo, patentibus, a d 12 mm. longis. Foliis spar sis vel vepticillatis, connate at thei r base, elliptic, entire breviter petiolatis, firm is, apice retnsis vel trun with an apicl1 lus, 5 mm. long and 8-10 catis, mu cronulatis, spathulatis vel obconicis, quam maxime 20 mm. latis, ad 25 mm. longis, mm. broad. The glands are elliptic, glabris, penninerviis : (foli a quoque adsunt incisa vel obcol'data). Cyma b is dichotoma; cyathio small depressed at the center, porous . elongatiusculo, obcon ico, cin cto bracteis rubris (c~' athop h y l1i s) basi conn"tis, ellipticis, integris, The subquadrate lobes are fimbriate. apiculatis, 5 mm , longis, 8-10 mm , latis; glandu lis ellipticis, parvis centro depressis, porosis; 10- The immature ovary is shortly pedun bis subquacIratis fimbriatis; ovario ( nondum ma culate, elongate, about mm. long, turo) breviter pedunculato, obovato, ad 1'12 mm. I1h longo; coccis 3 carin atis, sulcis profu ndis di visis; obovate with deep grooves between the stylo 3 mm. longo; stygmatibus bifidis ad l 'h mm. longis. C"p.mZaoyn non vidi . E. spZe71denti Boj. three carinate cells. The style is well habitu similis, magnitudine, et praese1'tim forma foli ol'um diversa. developed, 3 mm. long. with the stig- [ 96 ] Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 97 A ~ ' " • I . ia. /2een.. &;jof" CLot: -s'/'<>cc" .. ; ..... Q.. 0/.;. / c <7.33 A - E1lphorbia bevila·niensis sp. nov. a, a'} a"==.leaves b=ovary (im111atlwe) d=section of the stem showing spines c= cyathimn 'l.uith b'racts (from above) e=bramchlet w ith leaves B- Euph01'bia DecQ1-imla sp. nov. a=branchlet with c'Jlathia and leaves d=cyathi-nm w ith b?'acts (uppe?'-view) b= a node e=stamen's apex with anthe?'s c= cyathimn with bracts (side-view) C- E!lphorbia snarez'i01'la sp. nov. a=leaf (back) d=seed b=leaf (fro?t) e=branchlet c=caps1,lle f=bmnch 'l.ClW~ bml'!chlets Note: all sizes al"e as given ill the descl'iptiollS. 98 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 mas bifid approximately 1V2 mm. long. erer. It may be described as follows : Fruit and"see d not seen. Euph01'bi.a D ecariana srp. nov. 2-A The classification of the group small bush. The branchlets are srpine S plendentes (for which Rafinesque less, woody rather than succulent, and Klotzsch & Garcke independently smooth except at the nodes, terete, red proposed a new generic name, an in dish-brown or chocolate-brown, very teresting fact worth careful considera slender, the thickest ones seen measur tion) is far from settled. In gardens ing not more than 1 mm. in cross sec two species are recogni zed, E . splen tion. The nodes and the apexes at dis dens Boj. and E. Boje1'i Hook, also a tances of f rom 2 to 5 cm. swell abruptly number of varieties. Other Cinominals into barrel-shaped or club-sharped (E. M ainiana H. Poiss. ; E. n~b1'ost1'iat a thickenings 7 mm. long or little less Dr. ; E. platyacMiltha Dr. ; non Pax; E. in the specimens observed, and twice as 111/, elancantha Dr. ; E. H islopii N. E. thick as the internodes. Br.) are controversial or doubtful. All Each node bears a variable number that is know11 as rpresent is that the of branchlets which all diverge at group is well represented in Madagas acute angles. Some of these branch car; that two species or forms, distinct in size, form of the leaf and color of lets abort and remain on the plant, as the bracts, are cultivated side by side by it seems, as sterile twigs, this remind the natives in the hedges of the Prov ing the observer of the habit of E. ince of Imerina, Madagascar, without spinosa L. apparently ever giving origin to hy The leaves are scattered or in ver brids; that these two forms, also other ticils of 3 or 4 only, at the nodes and ones which are being sought after and at the apexes of the branchlets, never steadily collected, are being grown in scattered on the internodes in the the Botanic Garden at Tananarive; that specimens observed. They are sessile, the species or forms of the group grow glabrous, 3-10 mm. long, and scarcely scattered, often in stations numbering 1-lYz mm. broad, V-shaped in cross a few specimens only and separated by section, with an abrupt recurved mucro. wide intervening t racts where such The cymes are minute and crowded forms are not to be found (this alone at the nodes. They are very shortly suggesting the existence of more or pedunculate. the total length of the less different chorot)'lpes, some of peduncle and pedicels together not ex which may be and are specificall y dis ceeding 2-3 mm., and bear from 1 to 4 tinct). With this in view and know cyathia. The cyathium is obconic or in g that the classification of the group 2E'Ulpho"bia Decariana sp. n ov. S,.ff,·utex. req uires study, I 'propose E. bevilan Ramis ultimis lignosis, haud sllcculentioribus, in ermibus, glabris, teretibu s, brunneis, yix 1 mm. iensis. Future investigation wili re diametientibus, hinc inde (2-5 cm. intervallo e veal whether the form of the leaves as specimine visa) in nodos ad 7 mm. longos, 2 mID. diametientes evadentibus; e Dodis ramulis J omni noted and described is constant, t here bu s inter sa angulo acuto divergentibus: horum Donnullis sterHibus persistentibus, ut videtur, fore specific. h abitu E. spinosae L. Foliis in apice ramulorum vel ad Dodos, Dec non ad internodia, sparsis vel The specimen of another undescribed 3-4 verticillatis, glabris, sessilibus, late profund species consists of two terminal branch aque canaliculatis, 3-1 0 mm. longis, vix 1 'h mm. latis, rnu crone brevi recurvo praeditis. Cymit lets, the larger one wbout 12 cm. long, minuscnlis cyathiis 1 vel pluribus ad nodos co ~ fertis, breviter peduD culatis, pedunculis cum pedl with a number of mature cyathia and cellis vix 2-3 mm. altis; cyathio obconico vel ur ceolato bracteis 2 paen e a d glandulas utrinque leaves in place. Mr. Decary's tag tecto, 1 mm. longo, 1-1 'h mm. ad faucem eato; bracte i ~ membranaceis, dorso carinatis, apice acu translated reads: "A small bush. Col tis vel retusis vel biparticis, parce denticulatis; lected at the Pass of Manangotry, in glandulis 4 vel 5 subeTectis vel patentibus, late ellipticis, strictis, porosis, margine integro, recto the forest, at an altitude of about vel subretuso; lobis fimbriatis ovatis: a ntJl e~a e cellis divergentibus in fluido brunneis, in VIV()o 1,600 ft." I will caIJ this species E. haud dubia purpureis. Ca.psulatm non vidi. Spe cies habitu, inflorescentia, distincta, a.d SectM Decariana in the honor of its discov- gonwstema O/Uct. accedens. Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 99 urceolate, about 1 mm. in length and not more satisfactory than that of the 1-1.5 mm. in breadth at the mouth, group S plendentes, it being sure that with 4 or 5 suberect to patent, broadly different species are understood at elliptic, narrow, minutely porose glands, present as one under such binomials, the margin of each being entire, for instance, as E. Intis'jI and E. enter straight or shallowly notched. ophora. As the classification stands The ovate lobes are fimbriate. The now, however, it indi.cates that the spe anthers are 2~celled, the cells divergent, cies from Diego Suarez, which I will dark brown in the specimen submitted, call E . suarezia'l1a from the locality of but most likely bright red in nature. collection, is unpublished. In this I Each cyathium is embraced almost to fully concur with the judgment of Mr. the glands by a pair of bracts, appar Decary, who sent it to me as new. It ently scarious, keeled on the back, acute may be described as follows: or retuse or cleft at the apex and spar E. s~~a1'eziana nov. sp.3-A tall shrub ingly denticulate. or tree (?). The succulent spineless All the flowers observed appear to branchlets are round to oval, not flat be male ones, this suggesting the pos tened, the stoutest ones observed mea sibility that the species is dioecious. No suring 1 em. 0.7 mm. In all the sec seeds or fruits were sent. The form tions observed they taper into hard is well distinct and belongs to the dried apexes. The leaves are feather group of the gonioste11l£s. Seeing the veined, sessile, glabrous, fleshy, strap plant less flowers and fruits it shoul~ shaped to linear, 7-25 mm. long, 2-5 be difficult, I judge, to attribute to It mm. broad, rounded or obtusely acu such cyathia as it actually bears, for minate at the apex, with a pair of auri the inflorescence strongly, if not ex cles at the thickened sessile base and a clusively, reminds the observer of that distinct midrib. They are scattered, of the fleshier forms of the genus of or in whorls at the extremity of the the Euphorbicie, Diacanthiu1n m~ct. branches, and are reflexed and atp The third specimen of a new species pressed or subpatent. The capsule was collected at the Bay of Diego (ca. 9 mm. X 6 mm.) is glabrous, Suarez. Only the name of the type-lo smooth, not fleshy, subobovate-trun cality is given on the tag and the sample cate. The cells are three, rounded on consists of several short sections of the the back and have a thin median up stem with leaves and two fruits. raised line. The peduncle is about 5 I would not venture to base on it the mm. long and has a distinct persistent description of a new species were it .not calyx. The seed is ovoid, smooth, for the certainty that it is not E. Twu ecaiUllCulate. This species belongs to calli L., with a tomentose capsule; E. the group Tirl£~cazz.i. Lm'o Dr., with seed carunculate and hairy leaves; E. enterophora Dr., with ' Eu phorbia 8' Botanizing in New Mexico By ROBERT SENIOR To the Easterner, who has never of 7,000 feet, may serve as a starting glimpsed the great Sou'thwest, this point for endless botanical expeditions. great expanse of territory, covering On the plains, a few miles west of the thousands of square miles, is little town, one can study the semi-arid more than a land of cactus and sage vegetation that is found over so much brush, with an occasional green vaHey of the State ; here the cane cactus, irrigated by mountain streams. In the often growing to, a height of six main, this opinion is not entirely in feet,-the tall gray, shrubby "Cham correct; in New Mexico, for example, iso" (At1"iplex canescc11.s) , "Rabbit particularly in the south and central brush" ( Chr),sotha1111?LLS Hig elovii) , part, a penetrating stJn and a semi and numerous low "col1lpositae" cover arid country are the rule. In the the dry sandy soil: these latter plants, IlJorth-eaJStern pal1t of the StClJte how with their predominently yellow flow ever, in the mountains, eastward from ers, give a characteristic tone to the Santa Fe, a more equable climate pre landscape, which the artist colony of vails, and here, at the height of sum Santa Fe so loves to put on canvas, mer, the days are seldom uncomfort and which, to an easterner, often able, and the nights invariably cool. seems strangely exotic. For the botanist, the country around Whereas west of Santa Fe we have Santa Fe is a veritable Paradise. This a semi-arid vegetation, eastward we little town of about 10,000 inhabit view an entirely different landscape. ants, one of the quaintest and oldest Here the mountains begin: ten miles in the Union, located at an altitude away we see the peaks rising to an [ 100 1 Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 101 elevation of over 12,000 feet. o.n with mas'S'es of fl owers on the .ends of these heights, the botanist can find the stems, that comple>tely conceal the a wide variety of plants typical of leaves. When picked, and JVlo'Un tains east of S ant,a Fe, cleva,tion 9,500 f eet. I can only incli cate the type of plants entirely different type of plant life to be found-such as, red and blue greets our eye. W ere I to tell you of P'entstemon, yellow "Composites" in t he CaJ ochortus, the Iris, the Gen endlless variety, red and Lavender Gil- t ians, the shrubs and vines, that in 1as, pink and lavender Asters and habit thes e woods, this article would E rigerons, orange Malvastrums, E ro be extended to great length. P er diums, Bluebell s, Sedum, Indian Paint haps I have already drawn a picture Brush, CJ.eome, wild roses, and lastly, sufficient to enable the reader t o vns several varieties of cactus. ualize the wide range of plants to be Within a half hour's automobile found in the Santa F e country-a ride above the foothills, at an eleva variety of vegetation that in any tion well over 7,500 feet, we come equally limited area of the R ockies, upon the aspen forests: and here an cannot be surpassed. A Book or Two H ortus. By L. H . Bailey and E thel T hi s is a very curious book, ad Zoe Bail ey. The Macmillan Com mittedly a picture book. It runs pany, New York, N . Y New from A to Z and includes most of E dition 1933. R educed Price $5. the colored pi ctures that you have Special attention should be called seen in your regular catalogs. Text to the fact that this invaluable book is slig ht, fitted into the spaces not has been reissued at the reduced covered by the cuts. F or the most price noted above. If you have de part it is unimportant. T he pictures layed f Oor reasons of economy, delay should please the young but the n o longer. book weighs t wo pounds and one half w hich is t oo much fo r a child's Unse1'e Freiland-Stauden. By E rnst book. Graf Silva Tarouca and Camillo Schneider. Volume 1, 482 pages, Die Begonien. By Karl A lbert Fotsch . many illustrations. H older-Pichler P ublished by E ugen Ulmer, Stutt Tempsky A. G., Vienna, and G. gart, Germany, 1933 . 5 colored Freytag A. G., L eipzig . plates, many halftones. Even if one does not read Ger A very interesting di scussion of m an, or if one reads it w ith some the begonias has been prepared by labor, this edition of 1934 is worth the authOor w ith separat e chapters a place in the hands of every inquir by t wo other w riters, "The Hist ory ing g ardener and plant lover. The of the Begonia," by Axel Lange illustrations are numerous and excel of Copenhagen and "Diseases and lent. They supplement the short P ests," by Doctor Pape. The fir st rather encyclopedia-like text s. division is botanical, but is f Oollowed by a longer section that describe's P eonies. By F . F. R ockwell. Thf; both species and hybrids in such a Macmillan Company, New York, way that the horticulturist reads N. Y , 1933. 73 pages, illustrat ed. with as much plreasure as the bota Price $1.00. nist. After this comes a chapter on begonias now lost to cultivation. This is one more of the familiar F or t.he horticulturist , possibly series of Garden H andbooks that more interest w ill be found in the Mr. R ockwell has evolved. Like its chapters on Cultivation, Propaga fellows, it is simple, clear and ex tion, Seed Production, Begonias as plicit. It is for the beginner. H ouse Plants. Chapt ers on Diseases and Insects, Garden Flowers in Color. By G. A. Hist ory, L ists of Begonias fo r Spe Stevens. The M acmillan Com cial Use, a Bibliography, R eference pany, New York, N. Y 320 pages, List of Sources, and Index,. bring illustrat ed in colors. $3.75. this useful German book t o a close. ( 103 ] iii THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 SEEDS OF RARE PLANTS oI~ Gathered from the four corners of the earth. A thou sand unusual kinds that will make your garden ditl'erent and delightful. Here are a few-with packet prices: FORMALDEHYDE DUST Gent.iana porphyTio ...... 25c Leucocoryne ixioldes A seed and soil tl'eating compou nd which contl'ols seed Gent.iana crinita ...... 25c odorata ...... 20c borne diseases, roo~ rots and damping-off of seedlings Allium azureum ...... 25c Jris giganticoeru lea ...... 25c and cuttings. Begonia Evansiana ...... 25c Lilium Davidi ...... 25c Helonias bullata...... 25c Eustylis purpurea ...... 25c Safe, Economica l and Easily Applied. Dianthus K:nappi...... SOc Wri te Dept. 8 2 for Interesting catalog . REX. D. PEARCE M erchantville, N. J. oI~ GARDEN LOVERS visiting Ireland COLLOIDAL SULPHUR should make a point of seeing An eft'ective sulphur fu ngicide for F lowers, Vegetables, Ij'ruils, Ornamental Shrubs and Trees. LISSA DELL GARDENS :lVIay safely be used through the entire growing season. Remains in suspension without agitating. Does not burn. where a very large collection of Alpine and dors not clog nozzle. Pleasant to use. Controls red spider and sca le insects. and other Hardy Plants can be seen Send for ci rcu ia!', testi monials and price list. growing in Rock Gardens, Moraines, Retaining W alls, etc. Seeds a Specialty-Lists Free MANAGER, LISSADELL CHEMICAL COMPANY MarineHe, Wisconsin Modesto, California Sligo Irish Free State Here's a Guarantee on Plants Reg. U. S. T is an honest-to-goodness, make-goocl Pat. Off. guarantee. The choice is yours. We I will replace, or refwld your money, on any of our Hardy P lants and Rock Plants, that have not lived up to the claims for satisfaction, stated plainly in the first page of our Catalog. All field-g rown plants are at least two years old. They bloom the first year. Can ship in practicall y any quantities. We do not substitute. All plants are dug and packed the same day. Our guarantee covers ar rival in perfect condlltion. And perfect con dition means perfect condition. ORIENTAL P OPPIES \i\Tayside top-notch quality .You get. De All of them a re particularly h eavy pendable se rvice you get. P leasant dealings rooted, big husky plants. Ample always. Spring Catalog contains interest supply of the popular free flower- ing lot of new things. ing, pink variety, NIrs. PeTry. 36 Mentor Avenue, M entor, Ohio AMERICA'S FINEST PLANTS AND BULBS Owners: E lmer H. Schultz and J. J. Grullemans Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE IV mE W. B. SHAW AQUATIC "THE BLACK ROSE GARDENS OF SANGERHAUSEN" T AST SummeF, when the newspapers KENILWORTH L shouted from coast to coast that a WASHINGTON, D. C. Black Rose was blooming in the great Rosarium at Sangerhausen, I was on my way into Germany. Waterlilies I saw the famous Rose. It really was far the darkest maroo n Rose I had for Your Garden ever seen, and under certain conditions so deepl y colored that anyone would -add a new note of interest call it " black." The plants and blooms and are easy to grow. were of moderate size. It was free 75 Varieties flow ering and exquisitely fragrant. Quickly the co ntract was made for Hardy lilies may be us to distribute the Rose in America. planted from early Spring Plants are still scarce. We will have thru August-tender lilies a limited number for delivery Fall, in May and June. 1934; price, $2. 50 each. Orders will be fill ed in rotation as received. FLOWERS the first R OBERT PYLE, summer President. Other Our new 1934 Spring Catalog with AQUATICS 44 Roses illustrated in natural colors Also will be sent free on request. The Conard-Pyle* Co.* Star* Rose Growers ROBERT PYLE, Pres. West Grove 530, Pa. ROCK AND ALPINE PLANTS Just a few of the many fine new species and varieties listed for the first Found in Co lonia l d ays, lost for ISO time in our 1934 catalogue. years, this exquisite n ative shru b by tree survives beca use a n eighbor of Franklin Borago laxiflora Libertia Elliott's Var. sent plants to Philadelphia gardens. Starred with snowy 3-mch. golden-hearted Campanuia speciosa Lactuca Lessertiana flowers from August to la te fa ll. when they contrast wit h brilliant foliage. Franklinia Chrysopsis villosa Orophaca caespitosa is one of the most un usua l plants offered today. Our exhibit a t the 1932 Atlantic Linaria Canon West Phlox Keiseyi City Flower Show creat ed a great sensa tion Linaria rep ens Sedum Cape Blanco and won a Gold M eda l. H a rdy to Boston, Franklinia thrives with rhododendrons a nd Linaria paucifolia Symphiandra Wanneri azaleas. Many fine types of Pentstemons Splendid plants, r8-24 in. high, $5 each Famous Whitesbog Blueberries, Holly, Catalogue on how to have Continuous Magnolia glauca. Pine Ba rren Gentian, Climbing F ern. and other na tive treasures Bloom in the Rock Garden upon request. are ava ilable. You may have descriptive folders if you will send your name and address. CRONAMERE JOSEPH J. WHITE, Inc. ALPINE NURSERIES, Inc. P. O. Box 32 Whitesbo9, N. J. Shore Road, Greens Farms, Conn. v THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 YOUR PATRONAGE Lowthorpe School OF OUR ADVERTISERS of Landscape Architecture GROTON, MASS. MEANS PROSPERITY Courses in Landscape Architecture, including Horticulture and Garden TO THE MAGAZINE Design, given to a limited number of students in residence. Anne Baker, Director. Spring Term Starts April 2, 1934 The ad'Vertisers herein are Write for Catalogue dealers with a high reputa tion for quality material IRISES and square dealing. Gi'Ve ESPECIALLY them your orders and do American Introductions not fail to mention the MAY BE FOUND Magazine. J. S. ELMS, Ad,,!. MgT. H Over-the-Garden- Wall" KENSINGTON, MARYLAND Mn. L. W. Kellogg, Owner 60 N. Main St. W. Hartford, Conn. Are You Looking For "QUALITY" SEEDS, Bulbs and Plants Rare Novelties that will stamp you as a Real Flower Lover and Gardener at your Local Flower Show Looking jor D elphiniums Such as You Ne>'er Dreamed 0/ Be/ore? Have you tried the Tigridias (the marvelous Mexican Shell Flower)? The new hybrid Montbretias? Mignon·Chann Dahlias as easy to grow from seeds as Asters? Our handsomely illustrated Catalog and Garden-Guide lists over 200 Flower seeds, bulbs, plants, Dahlias and Iris; authori ties-people who KNOW-say that it is one of the most interest~ ing catalogs published; our customers say they can't do without it from year to year. PUDOR'S, INC. DEPT. N. G. PUYALLUP, WASH. CAMELLIA JAPONICAS Rea l n o " e ities ns win(e r_fl owe rin ~ cut (lowers or ornan\cntals. Eus), to Cr ow in a cool t!reenhouse o r con servato ry. Illustrated cntnlot! 01 the (inest varieties, pot Crown, named sorts. from Americn' s leadint! specialis t, sent Q,rati8, ir you m e ntio n this advertisement. ew" ROST. ~; .~~'EI.,J'. Crichton, Ala. UNUSUAL PLANTS FOR SALE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE New H ybrid Hemerocallis: Hyperion, Exqu isite Texture, A magazine of distinction and authority, that Canary Yellow, $1.25; Mikado. Brilliant Co loring, $1.25; J . A. Crawford. largest, Best Apricot Yellow, 75 c; has been the choice of d iscriminating garcleners Amaryllis. Orange Yellow, SOc; J. R. Mann. _Large Open for twenty years. Every issue is packed with Flower, Apricot Yellow, 50c. practical, useful inform ation . Sold by s ubscrip Lycoris SQuamigera and Lycoris Aurea. 75c each. tion only. 2Sc a copy, $2.00 per year. Send fo r Nerlne Sarniensis (Guernsey Lily) , 50c per doz. it today. Zephyranthes, Pink and Atamasco (White), 75c per doz. FISHER FLOWERS GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 640 Anderson Place Memphis, Tenn. 522·L Fifth Avenue New York City Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE VI BE RARE ENGLISH SELFISH FLOWER SEEDS 1934 illustrated cata/og1te, the most com With your Magazine prehensive ever published, 164 pages, 4,503 different kinds of fl ower seeds described, • • • including an up-to-date co l1 ection of D el THE VERY NEXT TIME your phiniM111s and L1,bpines and a large selection of H e·rbaceoHs and Rock Plants. Free on friend or neighbor wishes to bor applicati on to row your magazine, make that THOMPSON AND MORGAN time the starting point of an argu IPSWICH, ENGLAND ment to bring him into the mem bership of the Society and end it Gardens of the Blue Ridge, Inc. by forwarding his application and Headquarters for Native Azaleas, K all11ias, Leiophyllums, Leucothoe, Andromeda, Rhododen· dues to Mr. C. C. Thomas, Secre drons, Tsugas, Vines and Climbers, Ferns, Or· chids Lilies a nd Trilliums. Hundreds of oth ers. tary, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma Fort; Years Growi ng Experience. Park, Maryland. Any Quantity Send for Catalog E. C. ROBBINS, Pres. • • • Ashford, McDowell County, North Car.olina With your Magazine RARE AND STANDARD ROCK PLANTS and PERENNIALS BE including SELFISH Alpines, Hemerocallis and Sempervivums IVAN N. ANDERSON GLEBE ROAD BALLSTON, VA. THE AMERICAN IRIS SOCIETY The American Iris Society, since its organization in 1920, has published 45 Bulle tins which cover every phase of iris growing and should be useful to all gardeners. The Society has copies of all but three of these Bulletins for sale. A circular giving list of contents of each Bulletin, price, etc., may be secured from the Secretary, B. Y. Morrison, 116 Chestnut St., Takoma Park, Md. In order to dispose of surplus stocks of some numbers we offer 6 Bulletins (our selection) for $1.00. Through an endowment given as a memorial to the late Bertrand H. Farr the American Iris Society is able to offer free to all Garden Clubs or Horticultural Societies the use of our traveling library. This library contains all books ever published on Iris and a complete file of the bulletins of this society and The English Iris Society, and miscellaneous pamphlets. The library may be borrowed for one month without charge except the actual ex press charges. Organizations desiring it should communicate with the nearest of the following offices: Horticultural Society of New York, 598 Madison Avenue, New York City Mrs. Katherine H. Leigh, Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis, Mo. Sydney B. Mitchell, School of Librarianship, Berkeley, Calif. VI! THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1934 Good News for Peony Lovers In order to get the peony manual in the hands of every peony admirer, the Directors have made a drastic reduction'. This splendid manual, the finest book of its kind published, can now be obtained for $3.00 postpaid. Supply limited. Act at once if yon desire a copy. The manual isa splendid encyclopedia of peony knowledge, and at this bargain price, which is actually below cost of production, it should be in every flower lover's library. A membership in the American Peony Society, which includes four splendid bulletins per year, together with the new peony manual for $6.00. Send all remittances and communications to, W. F. Christman, Secretary AMERICAN PEONY SOCIETY Northbrook, Ill. APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP I desire to be admi,tted to ______membership in THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Remittance of $3.00 is enrc1osed, which includes a y~a r 's subscri ptj,on to the National Horti'Ctll·tural Mag1aZine. N ame ______----- ______ Ad d res s ______, ___ __ ------ Special interest ______------ D at e ______Recommended by: Checks should be made payable to The A111,erican Horticultural Society and sent to C. C. Thomas, Secretary, 211 Spruce St., TakoW/,a Park, Md. The American Horticultural Society INVITES to membership all persons who are interested in the devel opment of a great national society that shall serve as an ever growing center for the dissemination of the common knowledge of the members. There is no requirement for membership other than this and no reward beyond a share in the development of the organization. For its members the society publishes THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE, at the present time a quarterly of increasing importance among the horticultural publications of the day and destined to fill an even larger role as the society grows. It is' published during the months of January, April, July and October and is written by and for members. Under the present organization of the society with special committees ap pointed for the furthering of special plant projects the members will receive advance material on narcissus, tulips, lilies, rock garden plants, conifers, nuts, and rhododendrons. Membership in the society, there fore, brings one the advantages of memberships in many societies. In addition to these special projects, the usual garden subjects are covered and particular attention is paid to new or little known plants that are not commonly described elsewhere. The American Horticultural Society invites not only personal mem berships but affiliations with horticultural societies and clubs. To such it offers some special inducements in memberships. Memberships are by the calendar year. The Annual Meeting of the Society is held in Washington, D. c., the second Tuesday in February and members are invited to attend the special lectures that are given at that time. These are announced to the membership at the time of balloting. The annual dues are three dollars the year, payable in advance; life membership is one hundred dollars; inquiry as to affiliation should be addressed to the Secretary, Mr. C. C. Thomas, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma Park, D. C. sepal; and hybridists, though heaven heI.p us this is a fairly accurate descri'ption of from the indiscriminate mass-produc its final stage. But Ridgway would tion of new varieties by amateurs describe the young flower as Bor without skill or taste. Goethe defined dealDc, flushed pomegramlJte purple, on an artist as a man who has the cour the insic1e, and Thulite pink to Spinel age to murder his own children, and pink shading to sulphur yellow at the nowhere does this apply mo~e truly bot-tom on the outside. Nothing could than in the case of hybridization. be more graceful than this plant when in bloom,. It has something of the CULTCRE airy grace of its wild father, and something of the dignity of its culti N early all clematis are lime-lovers, vated mather. Though not as showy and the American species are no ex as some of the open fon11S of hybrid ception to the rule. \iVhen introducing clematis, it should be widely known a new species to the garden, it is. and 'Prized in Ameri'can gardens. nearly always safe to add ICl. oliberal By the following year, Messrs. quantity of ground limestone. De Jackman had introduced several other spite some recent dou'bts to the con offspring of texensis, Duchess of York, trary, I beli,eve that lack of lime ac whi.ch is pale blush-pink; with a counts for failure in growing clematis deeper tinge down the center of each more than perhClJps any other single sepal, Duchess of Albany, bright pink cause. For most of them, a compost with a deeper tinge down the sepals consisting of loam, leaf mold, sand, and a sof:t:er tinge at the margins, and weM-rotted 'manure, to which Grace Darling, with star-shaped flow ground limestone has been added at ers of a delicate shade of rosy-car the rate of one spadeful of limestone mine, and Sir Trevor Lawrence, deep to a wheelbarrow full of soil, will crimson, one of the best; and a liUle provide an 'ideaJ home in which to later Admiration, deep salmon edged grow; but if ,the soil is at all sour or with violet, was added to this galaxy. acid, two or even more spadefuls of Still later the French hybridists, using limestone may be added. There are· texensis as one of the parents, pro of course exceptions. C. versicolor duced Madame Raymond Guillot, grows in soree soi<1, C. ochroleuca in. Madame Moret, and Madame Lero shale, C. Baldwinii in acid soil. C. chet, but these have not held their colww/'biana is sometimes found in ground like Jackman's creations. open pine and Douglas fir forests. Jan., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 93