DOCSLIB.ORG

Studies on the Terrestrial and Freshwater Algae of Aldabra Atoll

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Studies on the Terrestrial and Freshwater Algae of Aldabra Atoll Durham E-Theses Studies on the terrestrial and freshwater algae of aldabra atoll Donaldson, Alan How to cite: Donaldson, Alan (1978) Studies on the terrestrial and freshwater algae of aldabra atoll, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8442/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk STUDIES ON THE TERRESTRIAL AND FRESHWATER ALGAE OF ALDABRA ATOLL by Alan Donaldson (B.Sc. Dunelm) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Durham, England The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Cr SCIENCE % -7 FEB 1979 SECTION /j This thesis, which is entirely the result of my own work, has not been accepted for any degree, and is not being submitted concurrently in candidature for any other degree. STUDIES ON THE TERRESTRIiiL.-AND FRESIWATER ALGAE OF ALllABM ATOLL by Alan Donaldson (B.Sc. Dunelm) ABSTMCT A study was made of the terrestrial and freshwater algae of Aldabra Atollj Indian Ocean. Field work was carried out between Septrember 19 72 and June 1973. Wide ranging excursions were made to various areas of the atoll in order to collect information on the species present together with physico-chemical and descriptive data from representative habitats. Data were collected in a standard manner and stored in a computable form using a modified version of a stream recording system devised in Durham, 1053 samples were collected during the field studyj of xchich 521 were complete with detailed taxonomic and environmental data. The latter are stored on computer file at Durham. The 521 samples constituted an Aldabran data bank and a range of computer programmes facilitated the rapid retrieval of information and the performing of statistical analyses. An example of one such statistical analysis is included in the present study. A taxonomic checklist is given of the 29Z species together V7ith descriptions of these species, comparisons with the descriptions given by other authors, the areas of Aldabra from which they v/ere recorded, notes on distribution on Aldabra, habitats, abundance and com.parisons with records of other vrorkers. Blue-green algae are the most abundant species present, predominating in both terrestrial and freshwater habitats. In terrestrial habitats they are often present almost to the exclusion of other species, though in freshwater habitats this predominance is less x«?ell-marked. It is probable that some species are restricted to certain regions or habitats: the reasons for such restriction are discussed. A study of one physiological process in biue-green algae is presented. The nitrogen-fixing potential of Tolypothrix byssoidea and several Hostoc species was investigated using the acetylene reduction assay technique. The study includes rates measured between 0930 and 1200 h, a 24 h time course study for Kostoc Cornm^'^A&. and laboratory studies on the onset of acetylene reduction after revetting. ACKNOVJLEDGMENTJ It is a pleasure to acknowledge the many people who have helped rae during the period of this work. I am especially indebted to Dr B. A. Whitton, my supervisor, for his original inoculation and further culture of ray interest in blue-gresn algae. • This work would not have been possible without the splendid support of the Royal Society and all those concerned with the conservation of Aldabra. In particular I should like to thank Mr L. U. Mole and Mr D. J. H, Griffin who ensured efficient transport of myself and my equipment to and from Aldabra. While on Aldabra the staff of the Royal Society Research Station gave invaluable assistance with travel on the atoll and in discussion. VJithout George Larue, Mazarin, Harry Charles, Andrew Quatre and Bernard Legae travel and collection of data on Aldabra would have been so much more difficult. Harry Vidot and Octavien ensured'that I was well fed. In Durham Mr J. W. Simon gave invaluable technical and laboratory assistance. Dr C. Sinclair and Dr J. W. Hargreaves provided helpful discussion in the development of laboratory • techniques. I wish to reserve special thanks to Mr B. M. Diaz v;ho spent many hours developing the computing techniques used and instructing me in their use. My thanks to Professor D. Boulter and the staff both academic and technical of the Botany Department, Durham for the many pleasant years spent there, and' to Mr Vv . B, Woodvjard and the staff of the Science Library. Finally I am extremely grateful to Mrs H. Winn for the skill and patience she has shown in typing this thesis. There are many other people who have assisted in the making of this thesis, and T am sure that they know that I am grateful to them all and will forgive their omission from this list. This work was carried out with a grant awarded to Dr B. A. Whitton from the Natural Environmental Research Council with the full support of the Council of the Royal Society Aldabra Research Committee, to both of which I am most grateful. 1 CONTENTS page List of Tables 5 List of Figures 8 1 INTRODUCTION 10 1.1 Algal vegetation of atolls and related 10 habitats 1.11 Coral islands and atolls 10 1.12 Other types of tropical island 13 1.2 Environmental factors 14 1.21 Subaerial and terrestrial 15 communities t.22 Freshwater communities 18 1.23 Algae and carbonate deposits 19 1.231 Chemistry of carbonate 20 1.232 Deposition of carbonate 23 1.233 Erosion of carbonate 24 1.3 Aldabra 25 1.31 Geography 25 1.32 Climate 26 1.33 Geomorphology 26 1.34 Flora and fauna 34 1.341 Flora 34 1.342 Fauna 35 1.35 Influence of man on Aldabra 37 1.4 Taxonomy of blue-green algae 3-8 1.5 Nitrogen fixation 42 1.6 Aims of project 44 FEB 1979 SECTION 1 page 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 47 2.1 List of abbreviations and symbols 47 2.2 Collection, preservation and exam- 48 ination of specimens 2.21 Collection 48 2.22 Preservation 75 2.23 Examination 81 2.3 Physical and chemical techniques 83 2.31 Meteorological 83 2.32 Analysis of water 84 2.321 Conductivity 89 2.322 Optical density 89 2.323 Temperature 89 2.32 4 pH 90 2.325 Dissolved oxygen 90 2.326 Cations 91 2.327 Anions 91 2.33 Analysis of photopigments 92 2.331 Introduction 92 2.332 Extraction of chlorophyll a 98 2.333 Estimation of chlorophyll a 99 2.334 Uptake of moisture in three 101 types of Nostoc colony 2.335 Effect of drying and re- 101 wetting on the chlorophyll a content of Nostoc commune 2.34 Estimation of total nitrogen 102 2.35 Dry weight determination 103 3 page 2.36 Isolation and culture 103 2.361 Apparatus for the growth 103 of cultures 2.362 Measurement of physical 104 features 2.363 Cleaning of glassware 104 2.364 Sterilisation 105 2.365 Media 105 2.37 Nitrogen fixation 108 2.38 Statistics and computing 111 2.381 Parametric tests 111 2.382 Non-parametric tests 114 2.383 Recording, storage and 115 analysis of data 3 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 128 3.1 Meteorological 128 3.2 Analysis of water 133 3.21 Conductivity 133 3.22 Optical Density 151 3.23 Temperature 151 3.24 pH 152 3.25 Dissolved oxygen 152 3.26 Cations 152 3.27 Anions 153 3.271 Chloride 153 3.272 Phosphate 153 3.273 Inorganic combined nitrogen 154 3.3 Algal cultures 156 page 4 SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT 159 4.1 Species list 159 4.2 Description of species 160 4.3 Statistical Analysis 465 5 ACETYLENE REDUCTION STUDIES 478 6 DISCUSSION 486 6.1 Species composition ' 486 6.2 Environmental factors 489 6.3 Climate 498 6.4 Flora ,505 6.5 Fauna 506 6.6 Influence of man 508 6.7 Chemistry of pools 509 6.8 Nitrogen fixation 512 6.9 Future studies 516 SUMMARY ' , 518 APPENDIX 520 REFERENCES ' 5 29 5 List of Tables Page Chapter 2 2.1 Aldabran pools included in the present 66 survey. 2.2 Physiognomic and environmental categories 76 recorded for each sample. 2.3 Sampling programme for water chemistry. 87 2.4 The degradation of chlorophyll £ extracts 96 in methanol when stored under different conditions. 2.5 Effect of drying and rewetting on the 97 amount of chlorophyll a extracted from ' colonies of Nostoc commune. 2.6 Composition of media (mg 1 ^ of elements). 106 2.7 Composition of media (mg 1 ^ salt) 107 2.8 Simple variables for the Aldabra data set. 127 Chapter 3 3.1 Meteorological data collected at the 129 synoptic observation ^le Picard during the period of this survey. 3.2 Rainfall totals for periods October - June 131 inclusive 1967 - 1974. 3.3 Temperature of selected terrestrial sites 132 on Tie Picard.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Weedsoc.Org.Au
    THE WEED SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Inc. Website: www.nswweedsoc.org.au Seminar Papers WEEDS – WOE to GO IV Wednesday 6 September 2006 Metcalfe Auditorium State Library of NSW Macquarie Street , SYDNEY Sponsors Collated / Edited by Copies of this publication are available from: Dr Stephen Johnson THE WEED SOCIETY & Bob Trounce OF NEW SOUTH WALES Inc. PO Box 438 WAHROONGA NSW 2076 THE WEED SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Inc. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Seminar Organising Committee Lawrie Greenup (chair) Mike Barrett Bertie Hennecke Luc Streit Coordinator power point presentations Erica McKay Welcome to speakers and delegates Warwick Felton (President) Summary of the day’s presentations Mike Barrett Collation and preparation of proceedings Stephen Johnson Bob Trounce The committee thanks all who took part and attended the seminar and particularly the speakers for their presentations and supply of written documents for these proceedings. THE WEED SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Inc. SEMINAR SERIES: WEEDS WOE TO GO IV “Poisonous and Allergenic Plants Where are they?” Date: Wednesday 6th September 2006 Location: The Metcalfe Auditorium The State Library of NSW Macquarie Street Sydney Time Topic Speaker 9.00 – 9.30 am REGISTRATION & MORNING TEA 9.30 – 9.40 am Welcome Warwick Felton 9.40 – 10.30 am Weeds that make you sick Rachel McFadyen 10.30 – 11.20 am Poisonous, prickly, parasitic, pushy? John Virtue Prioritising weeds for coordinated control programs” 11.20 – 1130 am break 11.30 – 11.50 am Parietaria or Asthma Weed Sue Stevens Education & incentive project
    [Show full text]
  • Garden Plants Poisonous to People
    N NO V E M B E R 2 0 0 6 P R I M E F A C T 3 5 9 ( R E P L A C E S A G F A C T P 7 . 1 . 1 P O I S O N O U S P L A N T S I N T H E G A R D E N) Garden plants poisonous to people Annie Johnson Table 1. Toxicity rating for Tables 2−7. Weeds Project Officer Rating Toxicity Stephen Johnson Mildly toxic. Mild symptoms may occur if large * Weed Ecologist quantities are eaten. Toxic. Causes discomfort and irritation but not Weeds Unit, Biosecurity Compliance and Mine ** Safety, Orange dangerous to life. Highly toxic. Capable of causing serious illness *** or death. Introduction There are a range of garden plants that are considered poisonous. Poisonings and deaths from garden plants Poisoning are rare as most poisonous plants taste unpleasant Poisoning from plants may occur from ingesting, and are seldom swallowed (see toxicity). However, it is inhalation or direct contact. best to know which plants are potentially toxic. Symptoms from ingestion include gastroenteritis, It is important to remember that small children are diarrhoea, vomiting, nervous symptoms and in serious often at risk from coloured berries, petals and leaves cases, respiratory and cardiac distress. Poisoning that look succulent. This does not mean that all these by inhalation of pollen, dust or fumes from burning poisonous plants should be avoided or removed from plants can cause symptoms similar to hay fever or the garden. It is best to teach children never to eat asthma.
    [Show full text]
  • Meloidogyne Incognita) Kimaru S.L1*, Kimenju, J.W.2, Kilalo D.C2 & Onyango C.M2
    G.J.B.A.H.S., Vol.3 (4):1-6 (October-December, 2014) ISSN: 2319 – 5584 GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF SELECTED SPECIES OF AFRICAN LEAFY VEGETABLES INFESTED WITH ROOT KNOT NEMATODES (Meloidogyne incognita) Kimaru S.L1*, Kimenju, J.W.2, Kilalo D.C2 & Onyango C.M2. 1Ministry of Education, P.o box 281-10201, Murang’a, Kenya. 2Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Kenya. P.o box 30197, Nairobi *Corresponding Author Abstract African indigenous leafy vegetables (AILVs) are an important commodity in the diet of many African communities. Most of the vegetables are grown by low-income small holder farmers and thus, play a crucial role in food security and in improving the nutritional status of poor families. However, root knot nematodes are a major hindrance to production with yield losses of 80 to 100 percent being recorded on some of the vegetables depending on susceptibility and inocula levels in the soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of root knot nematodes on the growth and yield of popular AILVs. A greenhouse experiment was conducted twice, where AILVs namely spider plant (Cleome gynandra), amaranthus (Amaranthus hybridus), African night shade (Solanum nigrum), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius) and sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea) were tested. The seeds for each vegetable were planted in six pots out of which three of the pots were infested with 2000 second stage juveniles of root knot nematodes and data on plant height, fresh and dry shoot weight, galling index, egg mass index and the second stage juvenile count was recorded and analyzed.
    [Show full text]
  • Berlin Heights Ravine Natural Resource
    Berlin Heights Ravine Natural Resource Management Plan Tara Kauffman, Natural Resources Manager Brad Phillips, Environmental Projects Coordinator (December 2012-Updated February 2019) Erie MetroParks mission is to conserve natural resources while connecting the community with nature through education and exploration. Features and Resources Located off State Route 61 on the southern edge of the Village of Berlin Heights is Riverside Cemetery. The Berlin Heights Ravine property wraps around Riverside Cemetery (see attachment property map). It is a deep sandstone gorge with sheer walls up to 70 feet high. The main stem of Old Woman Creek flows through here in an excellent series of ripples and pools. The depth of the gorge has maintained a more northern microclimate, allowing relict Eastern Hemlock of all sizes to flourish on the shaded slopes. The warmer areas contain mature oaks, black cherry, tulip poplar, and hickories among other species. Wildflowers are also extensive throughout, including an impressive display of Great White Trillium. Erie MetroParks holds a conservation easement on the 16 acre property. The property is owned in part by the Village of Berlin Heights and in part by Berlin Township (see attachment ownership map). Plant diversity is good, with 212 species found to date (see attachment plant list thru 2016). Yellowtop (Senecio glabellus) was added to the list in 2012. The bird and vertebrate list is underrepresented due to limited site visitations and stands at 86 bird species and 8 vertebrates (see attachment bird list thru 2016 and vertebrate list thru 2011). Tennessee Warbler was added in 2012. Management Strategies Currently, Natural Resource staff visit this property at least once annually to check on compliance with the easement.
    [Show full text]
  • AMERICAN BLACK NIGHTSHADE (Solanum Americanum MILL.) INTERFERENCE in WATERMELON (Citrullus Lanatus L.)
    AMERICAN BLACK NIGHTSHADE (Solanum americanum MILL.) INTERFERENCE IN WATERMELON (Citrullus lanatus L.) By CELESTE ALINA GILBERT A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2006 Copyright 2006 by Celeste Alina Gilbert This thesis is dedicated to my grandmother, Claire K. Gilbert, who inspired me to pursue a degree in science through her love and support. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost I wish to thank my advisor, Dr. William M. Stall, for all the help and guidance he has given me throughout my time at the university and especially throughout the writing process. Without his patience and guidance I would not have been able to write this thesis. I would also like to thank my committee members for their assistance and support throughout my program. I am extremely grateful to Dr. Eric Simonne, whom I consider a mentor and a friend throughout my time in Gainesville. For their assistance in the field and with my research I would like to thank the farm crews at the NFREC and PSREU, especially Berry Tanner and Darrel Thomas, for their friendships and support. I would also like to thank Aparna Gazula for both her help with statistics and her wonderful friendship, without which I would have struggled. For all their wonderful support and kindness I wish to thank all my friends here in Florida; they have provided me with support and generosity throughout my time in Gainesville. Finally, I wish to thank my parents, Donna and John Gilbert, for their interest and underlying support for my research, my brother and sister Chaz and Carolina Gilbert for their encouragement and love, and my grandmother Claire Gilbert, whose faith in me has given me strength through the tougher times.
    [Show full text]
  • In-Vitro Antiviral Activity of Solanum Nigrum Against Hepatitis C Virus Tariq Javed1†, Usman Ali Ashfaq1*†, Sana Riaz2, Sidra Rehman1, Sheikh Riazuddin3
    Javed et al. Virology Journal 2011, 8:26 http://www.virologyj.com/content/8/1/26 RESEARCH Open Access In-vitro antiviral activity of Solanum nigrum against Hepatitis C Virus Tariq Javed1†, Usman Ali Ashfaq1*†, Sana Riaz2, Sidra Rehman1, Sheikh Riazuddin3 Abstract Background: Hepatitis C is a major health problem causes liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. The current treatment of standard interferon in combination with ribavirin, has limited benefits due to emergence of resistant mutations during long-term treatment, adverse side effects and high cost. Hence, there is a need for the development of more effective, less toxic antiviral agents. Results: The present study was designed to search anti-HCV plants from different areas of Pakistan. Ten medicinal plants were collected and tested for anti-HCV activity by infecting the liver cells with HCV 3a innoculum. Methanol and chloroform extracts of Solanum nigrum (SN) seeds exhibited 37% and more than 50% inhibition of HCV respectively at non toxic concentration. Moreover, antiviral effect of SN seeds extract was also analyzed against HCV NS3 protease by transfecting HCV NS3 protease plasmid into liver cells. The results demonstrated that chloroform extract of SN decreased the expression or function of HCV NS3 protease in a dose- dependent manner and GAPDH remained constant. Conclusion: These results suggest that SN extract contains potential antiviral agents against HCV and combination of SN extract with interferon will be better option to treat chronic HCV. Introduction RNA replication; their functions include protease, RNA An estimated 3% of the world’s population (270 million helicase, and RNA polymerase activity [9].
    [Show full text]
  • Atoll Research Bulletin No. 229 the Propagules of The
    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 229 THE PROPAGULES OF THE TERRESTRIAL FLORA OF THE ALDABRA ARCHIPELAGO, WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN by G. E. Wickens Issued by THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Washington, D. C., USA. September 1979 THE PROPAGULES OF THE TERRESTRIAL FLORA OF THE ALDABRA ARCHIPELAGO, WESTERN INDL4N OCEAN The origins of the flora of the islands of the Aldabra archipelago, Aldabra, Assumption, Cosmoledo and Astove, and speculations on the modes of dispersal were discussed in an earlier paper (Wickens, 1979). In this paper the propagules are described, together withnoteson their presumed status, distribution within the archipelago, and where known, information provided regarding long-distance dispersal and local dispersal. Dispersal information has been gleaned from the literature, or, in instances where no literature reference is provided, from unpublished data kindly supplied by C. B. Frith and Dr S. H. Hnatiuk. The status of a species, whether native or introduced, is in some cases uncertain; the question is considered in some detail in Wickens (1979). Weeds are generally associated with areas of habitation, cultivation and waste places. Many are widely recognized as such in the literature, e.g. Haigh et al. (19511, Rochecouste & Vaughan (1959-66), Henderson & Anderson (19661, Ivens (19671, Henty & Pritchard (19751, and Holm et al. (1977). Cultivated plants are those believed to have been deliberately introduced for food, ornament, or some other utilitarian purpose. In both cases there are examples where the plant could have been naturally introduced. Three categories are recognized for the native flora: 'strand' for the seashore littoral, 'lagoon' for the mangroves and tidal flats within the shelter of the lagoons, and 'inland' species, for which no designation is given in the text.
    [Show full text]
  • (SOLANUM NIGRUM, AMARANTH US DUB/US and CUCURBITA
    COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF LEAFY VEGETABLES (SOLANUM NIGRUM, AMARANTHUS DUB/US and CUCURBITA MAXIMA), CONSUMED IN BUSHENYI DISTRICT, UGANDA BY KINYI HELLEN WAMBUI DCM, BSC. BIOCHEMISTRY MSC. BCH/0001 /102 /DF A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOCHEMISTRY OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERISTY, UGANDA DECEMBER 2013 DECLARATION I, Kin yi Hellen Wambui, declare that this is my original work and has not been presented for any academic award in any other In stitution. Date: .\~1~\ . \~ . -.... ................ Sign: .. L .... .. .................. Kinyi Hellen Wambui DCM, B.Sc. (Honors) CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this thesis titled "Comparative Study of the antioxidant activities of leafy vegetables (Solanum nigrum, Amaranthus dub ius and Cucurbita maxima), consumed in Bushenyi District, Uganda", submitted to the Directorate of Postgraduate and Research Kampala International University Western Campus, for the award of Master of Science in Biochemistry, is the original work done by Kinyi Hellen Wambui under our supervision. Supervisor 1: Professor Wilson Byarugaba B.Sc. (UEA) MSc. Molecular Biology D.Sc (KOln Germany), F.UNAS Sign:.. .A .. ... Date: .. C?1jJ?:{~?, Supervisor 2: Professor 0. A. Daini BSc. MSc. Biochemistry (Ife) PhD (Lagos) Sign: ...~ Date: .. .( ?.1.t.!-:-../ .l] .. ... DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my parents Mr. Silvanus Kinyi Kihangu and Mrs. Jennifer Wanjiku Kinyi. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION
    [Show full text]
  • Solanum Nigrum) to Insect Herbivory with a Special Focus on the 18-Amino Acid Polypeptide Systemin
    Responses of Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) to insect herbivory with a special focus on the 18-amino acid polypeptide systemin Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat) vorgelegt dem Rat der Biologisch-Pharmazeutischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Von Diplom-Biologin Silvia Schmidt geboren am 17. Juni 1977 in Neunkirchen Gutachter Prof. Dr. Ian T. Baldwin (Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Ökologie, Jena, Deutschland) Prof. Dr. Erika Kothe (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Deutschland) Prof. Dr. Clarence A. Ryan (Washington State University, Pullman, USA) Tag der Doktorprüfung: 22.10.2007 Tag der öffentlichen Verteidigung: 16.11.2007 Contents I Contents 1 General Introduction………………………………………………………………………....1 2 Thesis outline - List of manuscripts and authors’ contribution…………………………….11 3 Manuscripts ………………………………………………………………………………...15 Manuscript I Solanum nigrum – a model ecological expression system…………………………….........15 Manuscript II Solanaceous responses to herbivory…………………………………………….………….40 Manuscript III Systemin does not mediate direct resistance in S. nigrum…………….……………………61 Manuscript IV Down-regulation of systemin is associated with root growth in S. nigrum……………...…80 4 General Discussion………………………...…………………………………………….…94 5 Summary………………………..…………………………………………………………103 6 Zusammenfassung………………………………………………………………………...106 7 References…………………………………………………………………………………110 8 Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………...127 9 Eigenständigkeitserklärung…………………………………………………………….….129
    [Show full text]
  • Phyto-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Solanum
    Phyto-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Solanum Nigrum and Antibacterial Activity Against Salmonella Typhi and Staphylococcus Aureus S Venkat Kumar, S Karpagambigai, P Jacquline Rosy, S Rajeshkumar To cite this version: S Venkat Kumar, S Karpagambigai, P Jacquline Rosy, S Rajeshkumar. Phyto-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Solanum Nigrum and Antibacterial Activity Against Salmonella Typhi and Staphylococcus Aureus . Mechanics, Materials Science & Engineering Journal, Magnolithe, 2017, 9 (1), 10.2412/mmse.86.22.967. hal-01499412 HAL Id: hal-01499412 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01499412 Submitted on 31 Mar 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Mechanics, Materials Science & Engineering, April 2017 – ISSN 2412-5954 Phyto-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Solanum Nigrum and Antibacterial Activity Against Salmonella Typhi and Staphylococcus Aureus42 Venkat Kumar S.1, Karpagambigai S.2, Jacquline Rosy P. 3, Rajeshkumar S.1,a 1 – School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, TN, India 2 – Department of Chemistry, Global Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vellore, TN, India 3 – Department of Chemistry, IFET College of Engineering, Villupuram, TN, India a – [email protected] DOI 10.2412/mmse.86.22.967 provided by Seo4U.link Keywords: silver nanoparticles, green synthesis, antibacterial activity, TEM, salmonella typhi.
    [Show full text]
  • Solanum Nigrum: a Medicinal Plant, Its Therapeutic and Biological Scope in Medical Sciences
    Research Article Medicinal Chemistry Volume 10:3, 2020 DOI: 10.37421/mccr.2020.10.545 ISSN: 2161-0444 Open Access Solanum nigrum: A Medicinal Plant, Its Therapeutic and Biological Scope in Medical Sciences Iqra Qayyum1,2* 1Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Vehari Campus, Punjab, Pakistan Abstract Immature nations 80% populace of the world depend on conventional medication got from plants for essential human services. In the ongoing decades, ethno-medication has increased critical notoriety, since it is sheltered and has no symptoms. Albeit traditionally accessible manufactured anti-bacterial medications are related with unwanted symptoms and opposition issue, subsequently this examination was completed with the point of investigating the phytochemistry and anti-bacterial movement of concentrates from Solanum nigrum L against significant pathogenic microbes. Right now, been accounted for to have intense pharmacological properties like hepatoprotective, anti- ulcerogenic and ulcer recuperating, neuropharmacological, cytoprotective, anti-nociceptive, Anti-fiery and Anti-pyretic activities, etc. The different synthetic constituents like glycoalkaloids, steroidal oligoglycosides, pregnane saponins, non-saponins, glucose, fructose, β-carotene, ascorbic corrosive and protein and numerous others were distinguished right now. Keywords: Anti-ulcerogenic • Steroidal oligoglycosides • Ascorbic acid • Anti-inflammatory was completed with the point of investigating
    [Show full text]
  • The Palatability, and Potential Toxicity of Australian Weeds to Goats
    1 The palatability, and potential toxicity of Australian weeds to goats Helen Simmonds, Peter Holst, Chris Bourke 2 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 1, AMA House 42 Macquarie Street BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 AUSTRALIA © 2000 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation All rights reserved. The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of persons consulted. RIRDC shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication entry: Simmonds, Helen. The palatability, and potential toxicity of Australian weeds to goats. New ed. Includes index. ISBN 0 7347 1216 2 1. Weeds-goats-toxicity-palatability-Australia. i. Holst, Peter. ii. Bourke, Chris. iii. Title. 3 CONTENTS Page Preface i A comment on weed control ii The potential toxicity of weeds to goats.....................................1 Weeds - thought to be highly or moderately toxic to goats ........5 - thought to have low toxicity to goats..........................90 The palatability of weeds to goats..........................................138 The botanical name for weeds listed by their common name 142 The common name for some Australian weeds .....................147 Table of herbicide groups ......................................................151 Further reading .......................................................................152
    [Show full text]