Perception ECVP 2010 Abstract Supplement
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CONTENTS Preface III Introduction 1 Visual illusions as research tools in perception 1 The Delboeuf size-contrast illusion 4 Historical sketch 5 A new effect observed within modified Delboeuf size-contrast displays 6 Lightness: terminology and research issues 7 The object of the study and hypotheses of the study 9 Chapter I. Experiment 1: Brigner vs Zanuttini and Daneyko 11 1.1 Experiment 1 11 1.2 Discussion 15 Chapter II. Testing the role played by the luminance values of the size-contrast inducers 17 2.1 Experiment 2 20 2.2 Discussion 22 2.3 Experiment 3: is the size-contrast effect still there? 23 2.4 General discussion 25 Chapter III. Testing the role played by perceived depth 27 3.1 Experiment 3: which target appears closer? 28 3.2 Experiment 4: lightness and depth in stereoscopic displays 30 3.3 Discussing the results with reference to lightness theories 33 3.4 Lightness, depth, and belongingness 38 Chapter IV. Belongingness or size? 41 I 4.1 Experiment 5: size versus belongingness 42 4.2 Experiment 6: Lightness and perceived size 48 4.3. General discussion 54 Chapter V. How are size and lightness bound in Delboeuf-like displays? 57 5.1 Experiment 7 57 5.2 General discussion 64 Chapter VI. Lightness effects in Ebbinghaus displays 67 6.1 Experiment 8: lightness and the Ebbinghaus illusion 67 6.2 Experiment 9: is the size illusion still there? 70 6.3 General discussion 71 Chapter VII. Conclusions and future research 73 7.1 The point 75 7.2 Future research 76 References 81 Abstract 89 Riassunto 93 II Preface ..the moment at which man lives most fully is when he is seeking something.. -
Intelligence of Bearded Dragons Sydney Herndon
Murray State's Digital Commons Honors College Theses Honors College Spring 4-26-2021 Intelligence of Bearded Dragons sydney herndon Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/honorstheses Part of the Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms Commons Recommended Citation herndon, sydney, "Intelligence of Bearded Dragons" (2021). Honors College Theses. 67. https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/honorstheses/67 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at Murray State's Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College Theses by an authorized administrator of Murray State's Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Intelligence of Bearded Dragons Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Murray State University Honors Diploma Sydney Herndon 04/2021 i Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to study and explain the intelligence of bearded dragons. Bearded dragons (Pogona spp.) are a species of reptile that have been popular in recent years as pets. Until recently, not much was known about their intelligence levels due to lack of appropriate research and studies on the species. Scientists have been studying the physical and social characteristics of bearded dragons to determine if they possess a higher intelligence than previously thought. One adaptation that makes bearded dragons unique is how they respond to heat. Bearded dragons optimize their metabolic functions through a narrow range of body temperatures that are maintained through thermoregulation. Many of their behaviors are temperature dependent, such as their speed when moving and their food response. When they are cold, these behaviors decrease due to their lower body temperature. -
Susceptibility to Size Visual Illusions in a Non-Primate Mammal (Equus Caballus)
animals Brief Report Susceptibility to Size Visual Illusions in a Non-Primate Mammal (Equus caballus) Anansi Cappellato 1, Maria Elena Miletto Petrazzini 2, Angelo Bisazza 1,3, Marco Dadda 1 and Christian Agrillo 1,3,* 1 Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (M.D.) 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58, 35131 Padova, Italy; [email protected] 3 Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Via Orus 2, 35131 Padova, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 July 2020; Accepted: 13 September 2020; Published: 17 September 2020 Simple Summary: Visual illusions are commonly used by researchers as non-invasive tools to investigate the perceptual mechanisms underlying vision among animals. The assumption is that, if a species perceives the illusion like humans do, they probably share the same perceptual mechanisms. Here, we investigated whether horses are susceptible to the Muller-Lyer illusion, a size illusion in which two same-sized lines appear to be different in length because of the spatial arrangements of arrowheads presented at the two ends of the lines. Horses showed a human-like perception of this illusion, meaning that they may display similar perceptual mechanisms underlying the size estimation of objects. Abstract: The perception of different size illusions is believed to be determined by size-scaling mechanisms that lead individuals to extrapolate inappropriate 3D information from 2D stimuli. The Muller-Lyer illusion represents one of the most investigated size illusions. Studies on non-human primates showed a human-like perception of this illusory pattern. -
A Neuro-Mathematical Model for Size and Context Related Illusions
A neuro-mathematical model for size and context related illusions. B. Franceschiello, A. Sarti, G. Citti March 2019 Abstract We provide here a mathematical model of size/context illusions, inspired by the functional architecture of the visual cortex. We first recall previous models of scale and orientation, in particular [46], and simplify it, only considering the feature of scale. Then we recall the deformation model of illusion, introduced by [16] to describe orientation related GOIs, and adapt it to size illusion. We finally apply the model to the Ebbinghaus and Delboeuf illusions, validating the results by comparing with experimental data from [34] and [44]. 1 Introduction Geometrical-optical illusions (GOIs) are a class of phenomena first discovered by German physicists and physiologists in the late XIX century, among them Oppel and Hering ([39], [22]), and can be defined as situations where a perceptual mismatch between the visual stimulus and its geometrical properties arise [53]. Those illusions are typically analyzed according to the main geometrical features of the stimulus, whether it is contours orientation, contrast, context influence, size or a combination of the above mentioned ones ([53, 38, 11]). arXiv:1908.10162v1 [q-bio.NC] 27 Aug 2019 Figure 1: The Ebbinghaus illusion (left) and the Delboeuf illusion (right) In this work we are mainly interested in size and context related phenomena, a class of stimuli where the size of the surroundings elements induces a misperception of the central target width. In figure 1, two famous effects are presented, the Ebbinghaus and Delboeuf illusions: the presence of circular inducers (figure 1, left) and of an annulus (figure 1, right) varies the perceived sizes of the central targets. -
EBBINGHAUS ILLUSION in TOUCH AS EVIDENCE for the TWO STREAM PERCEPTION-ACTION HYPOTHESIS Erin R
Northern Michigan University NMU Commons All NMU Master's Theses Student Works 8-2014 EBBINGHAUS ILLUSION IN TOUCH AS EVIDENCE FOR THE TWO STREAM PERCEPTION-ACTION HYPOTHESIS Erin R. Smith Northern Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.nmu.edu/theses Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Erin R., "EBBINGHAUS ILLUSION IN TOUCH AS EVIDENCE FOR THE TWO STREAM PERCEPTION-ACTION HYPOTHESIS" (2014). All NMU Master's Theses. 31. https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/31 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at NMU Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in All NMU Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of NMU Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. EBBINGHAUS ILLUSION IN TOUCH AS EVIDENCE FOR THE TWO STREAM PERCEPTION-ACTION HYPOTHESIS By Erin Smith THESIS Submitted To Northern Michigan University In partial fulfillment of the Requirements For the degree Of MASTER OF SCIENCE Office of Graduate Education and Research 2014 SIGNATURE APPROVAL FORM Title of Thesis: Ebbinghaus Illusion in Touch as Evidence for the Two-Stream Perception-Action Hypothesis This thesis by Erin R. Smith is recommended for approval by the student’s Thesis Committee and Department Head in the Department of Psychology and by the Assistant Provost of Graduate Education and Research. ____________________________________________________________ Committee Chair: Date ____________________________________________________________ -
Undergraduate Honors Projects – 2015-2016
Undergraduate Honors Projects – 2015-2016 David Adams An Underadditivity of the Cellular Mechanisms Responsible for the Orientation Contrast Effects of the Rod-and- Frame Illusion Advisors: Paul Dassonville, Ph.D. and Cris Niell, Ph.D. If a vertical line is surrounded by a tilted frame, it is typically perceived as being tilted in the opposite direction. This rod-and-frame illusion is thought to be driven by two distinct mechanisms. Large frames cause a distortion of the egocentric reference frame, with perceived vertical biased in the direction of the frame’s tilt (i.e., a visuovestibular effect). Small frames are thought to drive the illusion through local contrast effects within early visual processing. Wenderoth and Beh (1977) found that the visuovestibular effect could be induced by a stimulus consisting of only two lines, indicating that an intact frame was not necessary to achieve the illusion. Furthermore, Li and Matin (2005) demonstrated that the Gestalt of an intact frame provided no additional impact to the illusion, as the visuovestibular effect of an intact frame was less than the sum of its parts. It is unclear whether the same is true for the local contrast effects caused by small frames. Participants performed a perceptual task in which they reported the orientation of a target line (12’ in length) presented in the context of either an intact frame (32’ on a side, tilted ± 15°) or partial frame (that is, flankers consisting of either the top and bottom of the frame in collinear locations with respect to the target line, or the left and right sides in lateral locations). -
Optical Illusion - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Optical illusion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Try Beta Log in / create account article discussion edit this page history [Hide] Wikipedia is there when you need it — now it needs you. $0.6M USD $7.5M USD Donate Now navigation Optical illusion Main page From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Featured content This article is about visual perception. See Optical Illusion (album) for Current events information about the Time Requiem album. Random article An optical illusion (also called a visual illusion) is characterized by search visually perceived images that differ from objective reality. The information gathered by the eye is processed in the brain to give a percept that does not tally with a physical measurement of the stimulus source. There are three main types: literal optical illusions that create images that are interaction different from the objects that make them, physiological ones that are the An optical illusion. The square A About Wikipedia effects on the eyes and brain of excessive stimulation of a specific type is exactly the same shade of grey Community portal (brightness, tilt, color, movement), and cognitive illusions where the eye as square B. See Same color Recent changes and brain make unconscious inferences. illusion Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Contents [hide] Help 1 Physiological illusions toolbox 2 Cognitive illusions 3 Explanation of cognitive illusions What links here 3.1 Perceptual organization Related changes 3.2 Depth and motion perception Upload file Special pages 3.3 Color and brightness -
The Dynamic Ebbinghaus: Motion Dynamics Greatly Enhance the Classic Contextual Size Illusion
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 18 February 2015 HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00077 The Dynamic Ebbinghaus: motion dynamics greatly enhance the classic contextual size illusion Ryan E. B. Mruczek*, Christopher D. Blair , Lars Strother and Gideon P.Caplovitz Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA Edited by: The Ebbinghaus illusion is a classic example of the influence of a contextual surround on Baingio Pinna, University of Sassari, the perceived size of an object. Here, we introduce a novel variant of this illusion called the Italy Dynamic Ebbinghaus illusion in which the size and eccentricity of the surrounding inducers Reviewed by: modulates dynamically over time. Under these conditions, the size of the central circle is Daniele Zavagno, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy perceived to change in opposition with the size of the inducers. Interestingly, this illusory Dejan Todorovic, University of effect is relatively weak when participants are fixating a stationary central target, less Belgrade, Serbia than half the magnitude of the classic static illusion. However, when the entire stimulus *Correspondence: translates in space requiring a smooth pursuit eye movement to track the target, the Ryan E. B. Mruczek, Department of illusory effect is greatly enhanced, almost twice the magnitude of the classic static illusion. Psychology, University of Nevada, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV A variety of manipulations including target motion, peripheral viewing, and smooth pursuit 89557-0296, USA eye movements all lead to dramatic illusory effects, with the largest effect nearly four e-mail: [email protected] times the strength of the classic static illusion. -
Exploring the Müller-Lyer Illusion in a Nonavian Reptile (Pogona Vitticeps)
Journal of Comparative Psychology © 2020 American Psychological Association 2020, Vol. 134, No. 4, 391–400 ISSN: 0735-7036 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/com0000222 Exploring the Müller-Lyer Illusion in a Nonavian Reptile (Pogona vitticeps) Maria Santaca` Maria Elena Miletto Petrazzini University of Padova Queen Mary University of London Christian Agrillo Anna Wilkinson University of Padova University of Lincoln Visual illusions have been widely used to compare visual perception among birds and mammals to assess whether animals interpret and alter visual inputs like humans, or if they detect them with little or no variability. Here, we investigated whether a nonavian reptile (Pogona vitticeps) perceives the Müller- Lyer illusion, an illusion that causes a misperception of the relative length of 2 line segments. We observed the animals’ spontaneous tendency to choose the larger food quantity (the longer line). In test trials, animals received the same food quantity presented in a spatial arrangement eliciting the size illusion in humans; control trials presented them with 2 different-sized food portions. Bearded dragons significantly selected the larger food quantity in control trials, confirming that they maximized food intake. Group analysis revealed that in the illusory test trials, they preferentially selected the line length estimated as longer by human observers. Further control trials excluded the possibility that their choice was based on potential spatial bias related to the illusory pattern. Our study suggests that a nonavian reptile species has the capability to be sensitive to the Müller-Lyer illusion, raising the intriguing possibility that the perceptual mechanisms underlying size estimation might be similar across amniotes. -
Perception of the Delboeuf Illusion by the Adult Domestic Cat (Felis Silvestris Catus) in Comparison with Other Mammals
Journal of Comparative Psychology © 2018 American Psychological Association 2019, Vol. 133, No. 2, 223–232 0735-7036/19/$12.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/com0000152 Perception of the Delboeuf Illusion by the Adult Domestic Cat (Felis silvestris catus) in Comparison With Other Mammals Péter Szenczi, Zyanya I. Velázquez-López, Andrea Urrutia, Robyn Hudson, and Oxána Bánszegi Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México The comparative study of the perception of visual illusions between different species is increasingly recognized as a useful noninvasive tool to better understand visual perception and its underlying mechanisms and evolution. The aim of the present study was to test whether the domestic cat is susceptible to the Delboeuf illusion in a manner similar to other mammalian species studied to date. For comparative reasons, we followed the methods used to test other mammals in which the animals were tested in a 2-way choice task between same-size food stimuli presented on different-size plates. In 2 different control conditions, overall the 18 cats tested spontaneously chose more often the larger amount of food, although at the individual level, they showed interindividual differences. In the Delboeuf illusion condition, where 2 equal amounts of food were presented on different-size plates, all cats chose the food presented on the smaller plate more often than on the larger one, suggesting that they were susceptible to the illusion at the group level, although at the individual level none of them performed significantly above chance. As we found no correlation between the cats’ overall performance in the control conditions and their performance in the illusion condition, we propose that the mechanisms underlying spontaneous size discrimination and illusion perception might be different. -
A Relative-Size Illusion Modulated by Stimulus Motion and Eye Movements Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, # Ryan E
Journal of Vision (2014) 14(3):2, 1–15 http://www.journalofvision.org/content/14/3/2 1 Dynamic illusory size contrast: A relative-size illusion modulated by stimulus motion and eye movements Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, # Ryan E. B. Mruczek Reno, NV, USA $ Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Christopher D. Blair Reno, NV, USA $ Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, # Gideon P. Caplovitz Reno, NV, USA $ We present a novel size-contrast illusion that depends distance (Berryhill, Fendrich, & Olson, 2009; Boring, on the dynamic nature of the stimulus. In the dynamic 1940; Emmert, 1881; Ponzo, 1911), an object’s geo- illusory size-contrast (DISC) effect, the viewer perceives metrical and textural properties (Giora & Gori, 2010; the size of a target bar to be shrinking when it is Kundt, 1863; Lotze, 1852; Oppel, 1855; Helmholtz, surrounded by an expanding box and when there are 1867; Westheimer, 2008), knowledge of an object’s additional dynamic cues such as eye movements, typical size (Konkle & Oliva, 2012), and the relative size changes in retinal eccentricity of the bar, or changes in of different objects in a scene (Coren & Girgus, 1978; the spatial position of the bar. Importantly, the Roberts, Harris, & Yates, 2005; Robinson, 1972). The expanding box was necessary but not sufficient to obtain roles these different sources of information play in the an illusory percept, distinguishing the DISC effect from construction of perceived size can be revealed through a other size-contrast illusions. We propose that the visual system is weighting the different sources of information number of illusions in which the size of an object is that contribute to size perception based on the level of misperceived. -
Visual Illusions
VISUAL ILLUSIONS: PERCEPTION OF LUMINANCE, COLOR, AND MOTION IN HUMANS Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen Fachbereich 06: Psychologie und Sportwissenschaften Otto-Behaghel-Strasse 10F 35394 Giessen vorgelegt am 21. Dezember 2006 von Dipl. Psych. Kai Hamburger geboren am 5. Juni 1977 in Gedern 1. Berichterstatter und Betreuer Prof. Karl R. Gegenfurtner, Ph.D. (Psychologie, Giessen) 2. Berichterstatter Prof. Dr. Hans Irtel (Psychologie, Mannheim) To my grandfather Heinrich, my parents Elke and Rainer, my brother Sven, and to my fiancée Sandra. Acknowledgement First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my godfather in the graduate program, Professor Karl R. Gegenfurtner (Giessen, Germany), and my two other supervisors, Professor Lothar Spillmann (Freiburg, Germany) and Professor Arthur G. Shapiro (Lewisburg, PA, U.S.A.). Karl, on very short notice you gave me the opportunity to join the graduate program ‘Neural Representation and Action Control – Neuroact’ and by doing so one of the best departments in the field of Vision Sciences. I became a member of an extraordinary lab, which still excites me. You allowed me to finish projects which were already in progress when I started in Giessen and you gave me plenty of rope to pursue my own interests. Thus, I was able to publish efficiently and furthermore gained deep insights into the field of Vision Sciences and even beyond. This was the best mentoring a natural scientist could think of. Thank you. Professor Spillmann, you paved my way into the Vision Sciences. At the beginning of my scientific career you gave me the opportunity to join your famous ‘Freiburg Psychophysics Laboratory’.