Conception Et Développement D'une Infrastructure De Communication

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Conception Et Développement D'une Infrastructure De Communication Conception et développement d’une infrastructure de communication collaborative Septimia-Cristina Pop To cite this version: Septimia-Cristina Pop. Conception et développement d’une infrastructure de communication collab- orative. Réseaux et télécommunications [cs.NI]. Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble - INPG, 2005. Français. tel-00081666 HAL Id: tel-00081666 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00081666 Submitted on 23 Jun 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. INSTITUT NATIONAL POLYTECHNIQUE DE GRENOBLE No attribu´epar la biblioth`eque THESE` pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’INPG Sp´ecialit´e: « Informatique : Syst`emeset Communications » pr´epar´eeau laboratoire LSR – IMAG dans le cadre de l’Ecole´ Doctorale « Math´ematiques,Sciences et Technologies de l’Information » pr´esent´eeet soutenue publiquement par Septimia-Cristina Pop Le 19 D´ecembre 2005 Titre : Conception et d´eveloppement d’une infrastructure de communication collaborative Directeur de th`ese : M. Andrzej Duda JURY M. Jacques Mossiere, Pr´esident M. Guy Bernard, Rapporteur M. Michel Riveill, Rapporteur M. Andrzej Duda, Directeur de th`ese A` ma m`ere. A` la m´emoire de mon p`ere. Influenc´eepeut-ˆetre par la beaut´ede la r´egiongrenobloise, j’ai toujours imagin´ela pr´epa- ration de la th`esecomme une randonn´ee`ala montagne. J’ai commenc´el’ascension en 2001... et pendant quelques ann´eesje suis mont´ee...et . Comme vous le savez d´ej`a,quand on fait une premi`eresortie `ala montagne (surtout s’il s’agit de hautes montagnes) c’est imp´eratifd’avoir un guide, un maˆıtre.J’ai eu la chance d’avoir un guide remarquable : par son enthousiasme il m’a aid´ee`ad´ecouvrirdes parties fascinantes de la montagne, `asentir le goˆutde la recherche. Avec son style personnel, il m’a incit´e`aapprendre `am’orienter et `ad´ecouvrirde possibles sentiers pour la mont´ee.J’aimerais, donc, tout d’abord remercier M. Andrzej Duda pour l’encadrement de ma th`ese,pour ses qualit´es professionnelles, pour ses conseils et le soutien qu’il a bien voulu m’accorder pendant toutes ces ann´eesde th`ese. en fin, maintenant je suis arriv´eeau sommet de la montagne ! M. Guy Bernard et M. Michel Riveill, rapporteurs de ma th`ese,ont accept´ede m’accompagner sur les derniers m`etresde cette mont´ee,l’´evaluant et confirmant les efforts par un titre de docteur. Je leur adresse mes remerciements pour avoir accept´ed’´evaluer ma th`ese.J’adresse mes remerciements ´egalement `aM. Jaques Mossi`erequi m’a fait l’honneur de pr´esiderle jury. Mais je devrais commencer avec le d´ebut...Alors, en printemps 2001 j’ai commenc´el’as- cension pleine d’enthousiasme, envoˆut´eepar le paysage, par la perspective de la d´ecouverte de nouveaux horizons... Si au d´ebutle paysage paraissait myst´erieuxet attractif, au fur et `a mesure que j’avan¸caisle paysage changeait, il devenait parfois effrayant et le chemin ´etaitde temps en temps tr`esabrupt, et mˆemeil disparaissait quelquefois... Il ne sert `arien d’insister ni sur mon enthousiasme quand je d´ecouvrais des clairi`eres, ni sur les moments de d´esespoir quant je ne voyais plus le ciel... Ces sont des moments ”uniques”, sp´ecifiques`ade telles ascensions (tous les th´esards savent de quoi je parle...). En plus de ces moments sp´ecifiquesv´ecussur cette montagne, j’ai eu la chance de d´ecouvrir des inestimables tr´esors: des relations d’amiti´eet/ou de camaraderie avec des personnes remarquables de cultures tr`esdiff´erentes. C’est le bon moment de remercier mes coll`eguesd’´equipe pour leur disponi- bilit´eet les bons moments pass´esensemble. Merci `atous les chercheurs ou enseignants chercheurs : Dominique, Franck, Gilles (sp´ecialement pour sa pa- tience pour mon fran¸cais),Jacques, Martin, Pascal. Merci ´egalement `ames ”coll`eguesde randonn´ee”,notamment `aPawel (je lui accorde la m´edaille”su- per coll`eguede bureau”), Sorin (la m´edaille”super coll`egued’´equipe”), Sonia (une m´edaillesp´eciale),Vincent (une m´edailled’or pour ses qualit´eshumaines remarquables), Yan (une m´edaillepour sa bonne humeur et... humour), Paul (m´edaillesp´ecialepour nos discussions ... interminables et tr`esint´eressantes), Mohammad (m´edaillepour sa gentillesse), Hoang, Justinian... Merci aussi `a Binh pour sa collaboration. Muchas gracias, Polo, por tu valiosa amistad ! Je remercie aussi les autres coll`egueset personnes tr`essympathiques du labo- ratoire avec qui j’ai eu la chance de collaborer ou simplement d’avoir pass´e des bons moments (je ne peux pas continuer sans mentionner Pascale, Mar- tine, Christiane, Fran¸cois...).Je profite de l’occasion pour remercier ´egalement Luciano et Severine, Khalid, Trinh, Quynh, Pawel (oui, encore lui...) et Mo- nika, Gennaro, Maria, ”the last but not the least” Giang, pour les moments r´econfortants pass´esensemble. Maintenant, je suis arriv´eeau but. Mais, je n’y serais pas arriv´ee,si je n’avais pas d´ecouvert cette montagne. Je tiens `aremercier, donc, toutes les personnes qui m’ont d´etermin´e`atrouver le chemin jusqu’`ala cime. Parmi ces personnes, j’aimerais mentionner Mme Maria Necsulescu : elle m’a fait d´ecouvrirl’univers po´etique(et... sans la po´esie,la vie est s`eche) ; M. Ioan Purdea qui m’a initi´eeau rationnement et `ala rigueur des math´ematiques; M. Sever Groze qui a vu en moi un bon informaticien (a-t-il eu raison ? !...). Je mentionne ´egalement M. Adalbert Orban et M. Florian Boian. Il y a encore de nombreuses personnes extraordinaires, des professeurs que j’ai eu la chance de rencontrer pendant mon cursus scolaire et universitaire : je leur porte une vive reconnaissance `atous. De la cime de cette montagne, je regarde en arri`ere avec s´er´enit´e.Longue, longue ran- donn´ee... Je partage ces moments de bonheur tranquille avec ceux avec qui j’ai partag´e des bons et mauvais moments pendant cette ascension, avec mon ”groupe” : Ioana, Lidia, Daniela et Guy (qui m’a beaucoup aid´e`aam´eliorermon fran¸cais), Valentina et Guillaume. Un grand, grand merci `avous tous. Un grand merci ´egalement `aTudor, un d´evou´eami qui m’a soutenu pendant tout ce temps. Je tiens `amentionner une personne (qui malheureusement nous a quitt´es)avec qui j’ai partag´eaussi une sinc`ereamiti´e: Marta Kerekes. Un gˆındbun pentru tine, Marti scump˜a. Mes remerciements les plus chaleureux `ames cousins Beatrice et Marius pour leur sinc`ereet profonde amiti´e. Comment pourrais-je exprimer la profonde gratitude que je porte `ames pa- rents ? !... Au moins, par un simple geste de coeur... Je d´ediecette th`ese`ama m`ereet `ala m´emoirede mon p`ere. Eh bien, je suis arriv´eeau sommet... Je regarde autour de moi pour d´ecouvrir d’autres vall´ees et sommets `aconqu´erir... Cristina Table des mati`eres 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Objectif de la th`ese. 1 1.2 Contributions . 1 1.3 Organisation du m´emoirede th`ese. 3 2 Le partage d’applications X 5 2.1 Le syst`emede fenˆetrageX . 5 2.1.1 Architecture . 5 2.1.2 Le protocole de communication X . 7 2.1.3 Ressources . 9 2.1.4 Atomes . 11 2.1.5 Symboles de clavier . 11 2.1.6 Extensions du protocole X . 11 2.1.7 Gestionnaire de fenˆetres . 12 2.1.8 S´ecurit´e . 13 2.1.9 Interface de programmation X . 13 2.1.10 Comportement du syst`emeen r´eseau . 14 2.1.11 Conclusions . 16 2.2 Le partage d’applications X . 17 2.2.1 Les solutions de type ”proxy” . 17 2.2.2 Des modifications du syst`emeX . 19 2.2.3 Conclusions . 20 3 Le syst`emede partage d’applications X 23 3.1 Impl´ementation . 23 3.1.1 Conclusions concernant l’impl´ementation du multiplexeur X . 33 3.2 Multiplexeur X - service actif . 33 3.2.1 Passerelle programmable utilis´ee. 34 3.2.2 Multiplexeur X - service actif . 36 3.3 Comportement du prototype . 38 3.4 Travail futur . 42 3.5 Conclusions . 42 i 4 Le partage d’´ecranspar le syst`emeVNC 45 4.1 Le syst`emeVNC . 45 4.1.1 Architecture . 45 4.1.2 Le protocole de communication RFB . 46 4.1.3 Extensions du protocole RFB . 48 4.1.4 S´ecurit´e . 48 4.1.5 Comportement du syst`emeVNC en r´eseau . 49 4.1.6 Conclusions . 50 4.2 Les caract´eristiquescoop´eratives du syst`emeVNC . 50 4.2.1 Le partage de l’environnement graphique . 50 4.2.2 Contributions aux aspects coop´eratifsde VNC . 52 4.2.3 Conclusions . 54 5 Support coop´eratifpour le syst`emeVNC 55 5.1 Newkey . 56 5.1.1 Fonctionnalit´esde Newkey . 56 5.1.2 M´ecanismesde traitement des flots RFB . 57 5.2 Contrˆoleur`adistance . 59 5.2.1 Protocole de contrˆole NewkeyCP .................... 59 5.3 M´ecanismede contrˆolede floor ......................... 61 5.4 Impl´ementation . 62 5.4.1 Newkey . 62 5.4.2 Contrˆoleur`adistance . 63 5.4.3 Service de droit d’entr´ee control floor . 63 5.4.4 S´ecurit´e .
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