DOCSLIB.ORG

Wood Wool Cement Boards in Construction, finishing and Acoustics Book of Technical Solutions WOOD WOOL CEMENT BOARDS APPLICATION in CONSTRUCTION

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wood Wool Cement Boards in Construction, finishing and Acoustics Book of Technical Solutions WOOD WOOL CEMENT BOARDS APPLICATION in CONSTRUCTION Wood wool cement boards in construction, finishing and acoustics Book of technical solutions WOOD WOOL CEMENT BOARDS APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation State Federal-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training “Saint Petersburg State Architectural and Construction University” Metal and wooden structures department 190005 Saint Petersburg, build.4, 2-ya Krasnoarmeyskaya str., tel +7 (812) 575 05 38 REVIEW of Fibrolit’s, Ltd book of technical solutions for the wood wool cement boards application in construction The specialists of Saint Petersburg State Architectural and Construction University took part in this book of technical solutions development since the institution mentioned holds a competency certificate for such works performance. The book material is presented at a professional level and contains a clear and well-illustrated survey related both to the production technology of wood wool cement boards and such boards application in construction industry. In order to achieve a successful selling of the mill’s products the technical solutions were developed and presented in a form of drawings of various elements of building structures produced with the use of wood wool cement boards. The drawings comply with requirements of the Unified system of engineering drawings and contain recommended practice for the rational use of the wood wool cement boards in construction of buildings and structures with varying degree of fire resistance. Head of Metal and wooden structures department Doctor of Engineering, Professor A.Gh. Chernykh Competency certificate for defined type or types of work influencing the safety of capital structures СРО ПСЗ 01- 03-12-077-II-016 ABOUT COMPANY TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS DRAWINGS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES 1 Table of content ABOUT COMPANY 2 About company 4 History of wood wool cement boards 5 Processing technology for new generation WWCB 7 Wood wool cement boards colouring 8 Advantages of new generation wood wool cement boards 9 International experience 10 Mill products 13 Marking, transportation and storage 15 TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS 16 General terms 18 Wood wool cement boards application 20 Walls with timber frame 21 Brick or gas-concrete walls 23 Roof (mansards) enclosing structures 23 Partitions 24 Floorings 25 Decorative boards 26 The illustrations (information) have been Recommended fastening elements according to offered by Eltomation “Sormat” and “Ferrometal” catalogues 27 BV company from the Options of items hanging on walls and Netherlands and borrowed permissible loads on fastening elements 29 from Web network common access resources without proprietary notices DRAWINGS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES 32 or any other restrictions Walls with timber frame 34 for the borrowing Brick walls(Gas-concrete walls) 38 Partitions 42 Information contained in this Floorings 50 book is of advisory nature. For the purpose of performing strength, thermotechnical and NOTES 51 other calculations we advise you to contact a design engi- CONTACTS 53 neering company. 2 WOOD WOOL CEMENT BOARDS APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION FIBROPLIT, LTD BOOK OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS ABOUT COMPANY TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS DRAWINGS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES 3 About Company About company 4 History of wood wool cement boards (WWCB) 5 Processing technology for new generation WWCB 7 Wood wool cement boards colouring 8 Advantages of new generation wood wool cement boards 9 International experience 10 Mill products 13 Marking, transportation and storage 15 4 WOOD WOOL CEMENT BOARDS APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION About company The Wood Wool Cement Board Mill – Fibroplit, Ltd is a part of the Cherepovets Plywood and Furniture Mill, JSC, group of companies, situated in the city of Cherepovets inside the territory of Cherepovets Industrial park. All the construction period from driving of the first pile to the commissioning of the mill lasted one year and five months. The works started in July, 2017. The machinery supply and supervised installation have been performed by the company Eltomahion B.V. from the Netherlands, the sole supplier in the world market of the equipment for the manufacturers of wood wool cement boards and panels. The mill is provided with state-of-the-art highly automated processing lines. This production equipment offers the opportunity to manufacture high quality environmentally safe boards of various brands, different in density and size, around the clock. The design capacity of the mill amounts to 100, 000 m3 boards per year. 2015 2017 2019 Project start Mill construction Mill first start stage start The investment project complies with urban economic and social development’s priorities covered by the Development strategy of Cherepovets city until 2022 “Cherepovets – city of opportunities”. FIBROPLIT, LTD BOOK OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS ABOUT COMPANY TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS DRAWINGS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES 5 History of wood wool cement boards (WWCB) The cement fibre mat has been produced in lots since 1928 for the first time in Germany and afterwards in the other countries of the world: in Italy by “Selenit” company, 1938 in Sweden by “Traullit” company, in Austria by “Heraklith” company. More than 25 years ago Knauf group of companies first WWCB has built three woodwool plants in France and another one factory in USSR in the Netherlands. In the USSR the first WWCB production with portland cement was set up in 1938 by Tallin heat-insulating boards plant. As of the year 1975 the number of enterprises manufacturing WWCB increased to 43. In 1975 these enterprises reached a WWCB production capacity of about 3 mln. m3. Despite their strengths non-compliance with processing technology related to the WWCB produced in need for maturing of wood with purpose of desugarization the USSR had a lot of and outtanninning; deficiencies: Insufficiently mechanized production requiring enormous labour costs; failure to ensure a stable horizontal placement of wood chips in the material and, as a consequence, non-compliance of material properties. Lack of WWCB manufacturing investment, appearance of new efficient heat-insulating and acoustic absorbent materials led to WWCB production cut by ten folds in Russia. While comparing with foreign mills operating according 9% to innovation technologies, it can be mentioned that In the total produc- Russia faced with lag in technology and loss of the national tion of heat-insulating products competitiveness. materials at 1978 APL 56 processing lines developed during the 1950s that have not almost been modernized, reflect the level of technical competence at the time. These lines have a relatively small capacity but require high costs of production. 6 WOOD WOOL CEMENT BOARDS APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION Over the past 40 years assortment extension and quality improvement of the the following trends boards based on wood chips and cementing material; have been determined technological process enhancement by means of using as priority ones in various types of binders; the world WWCB production: state-of-the-art equipment application with integrated automation of the technological process; development of new application areas. For the last decade there is a growing demand for WWCB of new generation in Russia. The construction companies accumulated a huge experience in application of the relevant material in different fields of construction. Until quite recently WWCB were imported to Russia from Latvia and since 2008 new generation WWCB were produced by a single mill, Stroitelniye Innovatsii, Ltd, in Vladimir region. Wood wool cement board The assessment of Russian construction manufactured in market allows making a long-term forecast 1960 regarding the necessity and demand for similar productions with location of such mills at least in every Federal District of the Russian Federation. In conditions of constantly rising prices European countries and USA pay key attention to energy consumption of the construction materials Therefore, a growth of wood wool cement consumption may be observed. Currently Russia pays not so much attention to wood wool cement use, although the tendency for energy sources appreciation calls for construction of heat-saving houses yet today. It is better to use once for all a durable heat-insulating material than spending for heating the buildings and per- forming additional construction works of weatherization. FIBROPLIT, LTD BOOK OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS ABOUT COMPANY TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS DRAWINGS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES 7 Processing technology for new generation WWCB Coniferous and hardwood raw material is subject to barking and stack seasoning in the outside storage area within 3-4 months in order to reduce the moisture and polysaccharides content. Afterwards the raw material is fed to the wood chipping area, cut to the required dimensions and impregnated with sodium silicate (liquid glass). The PRODUCT conveyors supply the wooden chips to the mechanized line COMPOSITION for blending with cement, feeding of the continuous chips mat to special mold bottom plates and preliminary chips packing by roll and disk-type mechanisms. 60 % Wood wool % Portland cement 39.5 grade 500 % Liquid glass 0.5 (sodium silicate) Afterwards the chips mat is cut to mold lengths. The piles laid-up on pallets are subject to stacking, pressing and storage in the primary curing area. After the storage within 24–48 hours the boards are removed from the pallets, four-side trimmed and fed to the line for final drying, regularization and trimming to required length. 8 WOOD WOOL CEMENT
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FAOSTAT-Forestry Definitions
    FOREST PRODUCTS DEFINITIONS General terms FAOSTAT - Forestry JOINT FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE Item Item Code Definition code coniferous C Coniferous All woods derived from trees classified botanically as Gymnospermae, e.g. Abies spp., Araucaria spp., Cedrus spp., Chamaecyparis spp., Cupressus spp., Larix spp., Picea spp., Pinus spp., Thuja spp., Tsuga spp., etc. These are generally referred to as softwoods. non-coniferous NC Non-Coniferous All woods derived from trees classified botanically as Angiospermae, e.g. Acer spp., Dipterocarpus spp., Entandrophragma spp., Eucalyptus spp., Fagus spp., Populus spp., Quercus spp., Shorea spp., Swietonia spp., Tectona spp., etc. These are generally referred to as broadleaves or hardwoods. tropical NC.T Tropical Tropical timber is defined in the International Tropical Timber Agreement (1994) as follows: “Non-coniferous tropical wood for industrial uses, which grows or is produced in the countries situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The term covers logs, sawnwood, veneer sheets and plywood. Plywood which includes in some measure conifers of tropical origin shall also be covered by the definition.” For the purposes of this questionnaire, tropical sawnwood, veneer sheets and plywood shall also include products produced in non-tropical countries from imported tropical roundwood. Please indicate if statistics provided under "tropical" in this questionnaire may include species or products beyond the scope of this definition. Year Data are requested for the calendar year (January-December) indicated. 2 Transactions FAOSTAT - Forestry JOINT FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE Element Element Code Definition code 5516 Production Quantity Removals The volume of all trees, living or dead, that are felled and removed from the forest, other wooded land or other felling sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Timber Cavity Batten Technical Specifiction
    Axon PANEL Timber Cavity Batten Technical Specifiction OCTOBER 2016 I NEW ZEALAND Contents 1 APPLICATION AND SCOPE 3 6 JOINTING 7 1.1 Application 3 6.1 General 7 1.2 Scope 3 6.2 Vertical Joint 7 1.3 Details 3 6.3 Horizontal Joint 7 1.4 Specific Design 3 6.4 External Corner 7 6.5 Internal Corner 7 3 2 DESIGN 6.6 Flashing Material Durability 7 2.1 Compliance 3 2.2 Responsibility 3 7 FINISHING 7 2.3 Site and Foundation 3 7.1 Preparation 7 2.4 Surface Clearances 4 7.2 Sealants 7 2.5 Moisture Management 4 7.3 Coating 7 2.6 Structure 4 8 2.7 Bracing 4 8 STORAGE AND HANDLING 2.8 Fire Rated Walls 4 8 2.9 Energy Efficiency 4 9 MAINTENANCE 3 FRAMING 5 10 PRODUCT INFORMATION 8 3.1 General 5 10.1 Manufacturing And Classification 8 3.2 Timber Framing 5 10.2 Product Mass 8 3.3 Steel Framing 5 10.3 Durability 8 3.4. Cavity Construction Method 5 9 3.5 Special Framing Requirements 5 11 SAFE WORKING PRACTICES 3.6 Tolerances 5 12 ACCESSORIES 11 4 PREPARATION 5 13 4.1 Flexible Underlay or HomeRAB™ Pre-Cladding 5 13 DETAILS 4.2 RAB™ Board 5 35 4.3 Vent Strip 6 PRODUCT WARRANTY 4.4 Cavity Battens 6 4.5 Intermediate Support 6 4.6 Flashings 6 5 PANEL FIXING 6 5.1 General 6 5.2 Fastener Durability 6 5.3 Fastener – Size and Layout 7 5.4 Panel Layout 7 WE VALUE YOUR FEEDBACK To continue with the development of our products THIS TECHNICAL and systems, we value your input.
    [Show full text]
  • Decorative Trim Options, Products and Trim, Your Home Will Never Be Without a Ideas Make It Easy
    DECOR ATIVE TRIM Vinyl Carpentry® CertainTeed products are designed to work together and complement each other in color and style to give your home a beautiful finished look. POLYMER SHAKES & SHINGLES ROOFING AND VENTILATION FENCE INSULATED SIDING PVC EXTERIOR TRIM & BEADBOARD DECKING AND RAILING VINYL SIDING VINYL CARPENTRY® TRIM HOUSEWRAP Professional: facebook.com/CertainTeedFreedomofChoice youtube.com/CertainTeedCorp Consumer: facebook.com/CertainTeedLivingSpaces youtube.com/CTLivingSpaces ASK ABOUT ALL OF OUR OTHER CERTAINTEED® PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS: ROOFING • SIDING • TRIM • DECKING • RAILING • FENCE GYPSUM • CEILINGS • INSULATION CertainTeed Corporation Professional: 800-233-8990 Consumer: 800-782-8777 20 Moores Road Malvern, PA 19355 © 01/17 CertainTeed Corporation, Printed in the USA Code No. CTS160 www.certainteed.com … to Stunning! Certa-Snap® Wrap 3-1/2" Cornerpost J-Channel J-Channel with Panorama® Restoration Millwork® Cedar Impressions® Vinyl Carpentry® Vinyl Carpentry Vinyl Carpentry Post Wrap System Aluminum Rake composite railing, Classic Column Wraps Perfection Mitered Cornice Molding and Lineals with Traditional white with steel Cornerpost Restoration Millwork Crown Molding SuperCorner straight balusters, Rake Profile antique bronze Add good taste to your home’s exterior with unbelievable, simple to stunning, drab to finishing touches that create eye-popping, distinctive, basic to incredibly beautiful, From Simple… stop-and-stare curb appeal. CertainTeed CertainTeed assures that with the endless Vinyl Carpentry and Restoration Millwork style and color possibilities of decorative Decorative Trim options, products and trim, your home will never be without a ideas make it easy. From unadorned to personality and style all its own. 2 3 CertainTeed has the most complete siding Accents Cedar Impressions® and Board & Batten accessory line in the industry.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Board and Batten Wood Spec Sheet
    Board and Batten—Premium Wood Shutter Specifications Materials Available: Solid Kiln Dried Red Grandis Solid Kiln Dried Cedar Solid Kiln Dried Mahogany Finishes Available: Unfinished—ready to prime and paint or stain Factory Primed—ready to lightly sand and paint Factory Painted—9 standard, unlimited custom colors Assembly: Battens glued and screwed to boards from back Hardware: Info and links to endorsed provider on web site Pricing & Ordering: Online: shutterland.com/wood-batten-shutters Shown with two battens and closed weave Measure Measure Install Install Stationary Functional Stationary Functional SHUTTER SIZES Widths: 12” - 32” (¼” increments) Heights: 36” - 96” (¼” increments) VERTICAL BOARDS 3 boards for widths 12” to 17 ¾” 4 boards for widths 18” to 23 ¾” 5 boards for widths 24” to 32” Closed weave - no space between boards Open weave - 1/4” space between boards 45° eased edges Arch top available HORIZONTAL BATTENS Width: Slightly narrower than total shutter width Height: 3 ½” 45° eased edges Top batten located 7” below top of shutter Bottom batten located 7” above bottom of shutter Two battens installed on shutters with height under 55” (default) Third centered batten optional (required on shutters 55” and over) Fourth batten optional— equally spaced Z-pattern batten and Reverse Z-pattern batten available Boards: 1” thick THICKNESS Battens: 1” thick 1-800-483-5028 © 2021 SHUTTERLAND.COM Measuring Worksheet Wood or Composite Shutters Use this form to prepare an order to place online at shutterland.com. Follow the measuring instructions
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Identification and Chemistry' Covers the Physicalproperties and Structural Features of Hardwoods and Softwoods
    11 DOCUMENT RESUME ED 031 555 VT 007 853 Woodworking Technology. San Diego State Coll., Calif. Dept. of Industrial Arts. Spons Agency-Office of Education (DHEA Washington, D.C. Pub Date Aug 68 Note-252p.; Materials developed at NDEA Inst. for Advanced Studyin Industrial Arts (San Diego, June 24 -Au9ust 2, 1968). EDRS Price MF -$1.00 He -$13.20 Descriptors-Curriculum Development, *Industrial Arts, Instructional Materials, Learning Activities, Lesson Plans, Lumber Industry, Resource Materials, *Resource Units, Summer Institutes, Teaching Codes, *Units of Study (Sublect Fields), *Woodworking Identifiers-*National Defense Education Act TitleXIInstitute, NDEA TitleXIInstitute, Woodworking Technology SIX teaching units which were developed by the 24 institute participantsare given. "Wood Identification and Chemistry' covers the physicalproperties and structural features of hardwoods and softwoods. "Seasoning" explainsair drying, kiln drying, and seven special lumber seasoning processes. "Researchon Laminates" describes the bending of solid wood and wood laminates, beam lamination, lamination adhesives,. andplasticlaminates."Particleboard:ATeachingUnitexplains particleboard manufacturing and the several classes of particleboard and theiruses. "Lumber Merchandising" outhnes lumber grades andsome wood byproducts. "A Teaching Unitin Physical Testing of Joints, Finishes, Adhesives, and Fasterners" describes tests of four common edge pints, finishes, wood adhesives, and wood screws Each of these units includes a bibhography, glossary, and student exercises (EM) M 55, ...k.",z<ONR; z _: , , . "'zr ss\ ss s:Ts s , s' !, , , , zs "" z' s: - 55 Ts 5. , -5, 5,5 . 5, :5,5, s s``s ss ' ,,, 4 ;.< ,s ssA 11111.116; \ ss s, : , \s, s's \ , , 's's \ sz z, ;.:4 1;y: SS lza'itVs."4,z ...':',\\Z'z.,'I,,\ "t"-...,,, `,.
    [Show full text]
  • Preservation of Historic Resources PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK
    SECTION 2: PReseRVAtion OF HistoRic ResoURces PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK. HISTORIC RESOURCE DESIGN GUIDELINES CHAPTER 2.1: WINDOWS CITY OF SANTA BARBARA CHApteR 2.1: WinDOWS INTRODUCTION Windows are one of the most visible, yet commonly under-appreci- ated components of older and historic homes and historic resources. Many historic structures in Santa Barbara have original wood win- dows that have lasted over a century. They may have intricate details that give depth, light, and shadow to a building’s façade. Original windows reflect the design intent for the building, including the period, regional style, and building techniques. In fact, many wood windows are considered hand-crafted pieces of art that are examples of exceptional craftsmanship and design. Windows give scale to a building and provide visual interest to the composition of individual façades, while distinct designs help de- fine many historic building styles. These openings define character through their material, profile, shape, size, configuration, and ar- rangement on the façade. These Guidelines will help property own- ers consider all the factors and options when repairing or replacing original windows. HISTORIC RESOURCE DESIGN GUIDELINES 35 HISTORIC RESOURCE DESIGN GUIDELINES CITY OF SANTA BARBARA Drip cap Head BENEFITS OF KEEPING HISTORIC WINDOWS HEAD Original windows are a key component of a historic building’s design Upper sash and appearance. The benefits of maintaining and repairing a build- ing’s original windows include: Lock Rail • Helps to retain the historic character of the building JAMB • Wood windows made prior to 1940 are likely made from old- growth wood that is significantly denser, more durable, and Glazing more rot-resistant.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Install Cedar Siding
    Congratulations on your choice of Western Red Cedar siding. Western Red Cedar is one of the world’s premier quality woods noted for its appearance, durability, light weight, insulation value and dimensional stability. It will provide your home with character and a distinction that other sidings cannot match. Properly installed and finished, it will provide years of low INTRODUCTION maintenance performance. Before beginning your siding project read this brochure thoroughly – it contains useful information to ensure the siding is installed correctly and will perform as intended. This brochure is organized into three sections. Section I. Before You Start deals with numerous considerations which you should be aware of before you start installing Western Red Cedar Siding. Section II. Outlines proper installation techniques. Section III. Provides a list of industry best practices for Western Red Cedar siding installation. Note that these are general guidelines that are minimum standards to be followed with confidence in most areas. However, severe local climatic conditions such as extreme heat and dryness; high winds; seacoast exposure; and, areas with wide climatic swings may necessitate additional provisions for the installation of the siding. Your national and local building code requirements always supersede these instructions. A detailed siding installation DVD is available from the WRCLA. Call 1-866-778-9096 for a copy. 2 SECTION I BEFORE YOU START 1. INSPECT MATERIAL Always purchase recognized grades such as those from WRCLA members and ensure you understand the grade of material you’ve purchased. Grades are designed for specific appearances and uses. Before installing, be sure the siding you’ve selected meets your requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • LP SMARTSIDE Catalog
    Product Guide & Specifications lpsmartside.com Top: LP SmartSide Lap, Trim and Fascia | Middle: LP SmartSide Lap, Cedar Shakes (straight), Trim and Fascia | Bottom: LP SmartSide Lap, Trim and Fascia Product Guide & Specifications Featured: LP SmartSide Cedar Shakes (staggered), Panel (Board and Batten), Soffit, Trim and Fascia The Beauty Of Treated Engineered Wood Durability 03 Beauty 05 Workability 07 Sustainability 09 Strand Vs. Fiber 11 LP® SmartSide® Lap Siding Cedar Texture Lap 15 Cedar Shakes 16 12" Bold Profiles 17 16" Bold Profiles 18 Colonial Beaded Lap 19 Smooth Lap 20 LP SmartSide Panel Siding Cedar Texture Panel 25 Stucco Panel 27 Smooth Panel 28 Reverse Board & Batten 29 LP SmartSide Trim & Fascia Cedar Trim 33 Reversible Trim 34 LP SmartSide Soffit Cedar Texture Soffit 39 Vented Soffit 40 Smooth Soffit 41 Applications New Home 43 Remodel 44 Outdoor Building Solutions 45 Light Commercial 46 Note: All photos are for illustrative purposes only. Please refer regularly to lpcorp.com for correct and up-to-date product installation instructions. The Beauty Of Treated Engineered Wood ENGINEERED TO IMPRESS With more than 18 years of successful performance, it’s easy to see why LP® SmartSide® is one of the fastest-growing brands of siding materials in the U.S. A Pioneer Of Change LP SmartSide is redefining traditional building materials with treated engineered wood products that are designed to offer game-changing durability, beauty and workability. It’s a building industry leader in a category that is shaping the way homes, outdoor building structures and light commercial properties are being built. See the innovation that goes into making LP SmartSide products at youtube.com/lpsmartside.
    [Show full text]
  • Aircraft Wood Information
    TL 1.14 Issue 2 1 Jan 2008 AIRCRAFT WOOD INFORMATION Wood is used throughout the world for a wide variety of purposes. It is stronger for its weight than any other material excepting certain alloy steels. Timber is readily worked by hand, using simple tools and is, therefore, far cheaper to use than metal. To appreciate the use of timber in aircraft construction, it is necessary to learn something about the growth and structure of wood. There are two types" of tree—the conifer or evergreen, and the deciduous. A coniferous tree is distinguished by its needle-like leaves. Its seeds are formed in the familiar cone-shaped pod. From a conifer, 'softwood' is obtained. A deciduous tree has broad, flat leaves which it sheds in the autumn. Its seeds are enclosed in ordinary cases as for example, the oak, birch and walnut. Timber from deciduous trees is said to be 'hardwood'. It can be seen, therefore, that the term 'softwood' and 'hardwood' apply to the family or type of tree and do not necessarily indicate the density of the wood. That is why balsa, the lightest and most fragile of woods, is classed as a hardwood. Both hardwood and softwood trees are said to be 'exogenous'. An exogenous tree is one whose growth progresses outwards from the core or heart by the development of additional 'rings' or layers of wood. Certain trees are exceptions to this rule, such as bamboo and palm. This wood is unsuitable for aircraft construction. Exogenous trees grow for only part of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • CHINA: FOREST PROFILE1 China Has a Great Variety of Forest Types
    CHINA MARKET PROFILE CHINA MARKET PROFILE CHINA: FOREST PROFILE1 China has a great variety of forest types. In the northern cold temperate zone, the forest is composed of coniferous trees, followed by a mixed forest of deciduous and broad-leaved trees in the temperate zone. The warm temperate zone is dominated by a deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest in the subtropical zone and finally rain forest and monsoon in the tropical zone. Yunnan and Chinese red pine as well as oak, larch and Chinese fir are some of the most common trees to be found in China. CHINA’S FOREST DISTRIBUTION Forest Cover 2000 Distribution of land cover/use % (1996) Forests are organized into three types. State Forests account for by far the greatest part, with 70 % of total ´000 ha Forest Other Wooded Land Other land timber reserves. There are also Collective Forest Farms China 163,480 17.5 3.7 79.6 and Co-operative and Industrial Forest Farms. A total of Asia 547,791 17.8 4.6 78.3 131 forest bureaus have been created, and engage in World 3,869,453 29.4 11.2 58.6 activities relating to industry, especially logging. To ensure the availability of forest resources, 4,256 State Forest Farms and 110,000 Collective Farms have been established across the country. China presently has around 14 percent forest cover, almost evenly divided between coniferous and broadleaved forests. The largest forests are in the northeast and inner Mongolian provinces; the ten southern provinces; and Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.
    [Show full text]
  • The Recycling Potential of Wood Waste Into Wood-Wool/Cement Composite
    The recycling potential of wood waste into wood-wool/cement composite Citation for published version (APA): Berger, F., Gauvin, F., & Brouwers, H. J. H. J. (2020). The recycling potential of wood waste into wood- wool/cement composite. Construction and Building Materials, 260, [119786]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119786 Document license: CC BY DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119786 Document status and date: Published: 10/11/2020 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.
    [Show full text]
  • Hardiepanel® Vertical Siding Product Description
    Information Product Product General Working Working Safely Cutting and Fastening Tools for Tools Requirements Installation General Requirements Fastener General Finishing and Maintenance Technology. Technology. ® Weather Barrier Weather HardieWrap ® Boards/Battens and Sierra HardiePanel 8. vertical HardieTrim ® ® product with ColorPlus with product ® © HardieSoffit Panels Smooth Cedarmill ® 109 HardiePlank Lap Siding ® HardieShingle Siding ® Vertical Siding Vertical HardiePanel Vertical Siding Product Description ® ® Appendix/ Glossary vertical siding is factory-primed fiber-cementvertical sidingavailable variety in a of sizes textures. and ® 2290 Report ESR-1844 & HardiePanel vertical siding is available as a prefinished James Hardie Stucco siding is 5/16 in. thick and is available in 4x8, 4x9 and 4x10 sizes. Please see your local thick in. and and James is 4x9 available 4x10 Hardie in 4x8, siding dealer is 5/16 for availability. size and texture The ColorPlus coating is a factory applied, baked oven finishavailable varietyon a of James Hardie siding andtrim accessories. and color products, of availability local dealer for See your products. Sierra 8 HardiePanel HardiePanel Examples include Cedarmill stucco, smooth, these of Textures are shown below. Installation of HardiePanel® Vertical Siding General Product Product Information Safely Note: James Hardie has a capillary break requirement when installing HardiePanel on a Multi-Family/ Working Working Commercial project. Please visit: www.jameshardiepros.com for further information. GETTING STARTED Tools for Tools Fastening Cutting and 12.1 Water resistive First locate the lowest point of the barrier sheathing or sill plate, and begin. installation on that wall. General Installation Requirements 1. Measure up from the sill plate the height of the panels at either end of the wall and snap a General Fastener straight, level chalk line between Requirements the marks as a reference line.
    [Show full text]