5. Ciclos Pampeano Y Famatiniano En Argentina Y Chile 2017

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5. Ciclos Pampeano Y Famatiniano En Argentina Y Chile 2017 CICLOS PAMPEANO Y FAMATINIANO Ciclos Pampeano y Famatiniano “X” + Patagonia UP - GONDWANA ASSEMBLY III Chilenia CONTINENTAL BREAK CONTINENTAL I UP - Cuyania + Arequipa-Antofalla UP - II P A L E O Z O I C RODINIA BREAK RODINIA - INITIAL BREAK INITIAL FINAL ASSEMBLY & POST Pampia NEOPROTEROZOICO Ciclos Pampeano y Famatiniano Etapa colisional o acrecionaria Terrenos acrecionados al margen de Gondwana en Argentina y Chile centrales •Pampia •Cuyania (terreno compuesto por Precordillera y Sierra Pié de Palo), en Argentina central. •Arequipa-Antofalla (AAT) o Macizo de Arequipa (2,0 - 1,8 Ga; edad Grenvilliana) en el N de Chile y Argentina y en Bolivia •Chilenia, en Chile y Argentina centrales. Ciclos Pampeano y Famatiniano Contexto geodinámico Con el desmembramiento de Rodinia (y Pannotia, según Dalziel) (<750 Ma), se habría separado Laurentia del Río de la Plata. Fragmentos de Laurentia, con edades grenvillianas, desprendidos con el desmembramiento habrían vuelto a colisionar contra el cratón del Río de la Plata. Uno de ellos es Pampia, que colisionó en el Cámbrico Medio. En la cuenca extensional, oceánica formada entre Laurentia y Pampia El supercontinente Rodinia (~800 Ma). Las bandas se depositó la Formación Puncoviscana. grises corresponden a los cinturones orogénicos de edad Grenvillina (circa 1100-1000 Ma) (tomado de Benedetto, 2010). La línea café marca la ubicación de La colisión final de Pampia determinó la los perfiles que se muestran más adelante. Orogenia Pampeana en el Cámbrico Medio (~530 Ma), que puso fin al Ciclo Pampeano. El Terreno Pampia The Eastern Sierras Pampeanas (Terreno Córdoba, Benedetto, 2010) comprises an orogenic belt characterized by metamorphic rocks of middle-to-high amphibolite facies, low-grade metapelites and granulite facies meta-basic rocks (Gordillo 1984; Kraemer et al. 1995; Rapela et al. 1998). Medium-grade para- and ortho-gneisses and schists constitute the dominant lithology; large massifs composed of garnet-cordierite pelitic migmatites are also characteristic (Rapela et al. 1998). Geochemical and isotopic studies show a typical calc-alkaline magmatic arc related to subduction (Lira et al. 1996; Rapela et al. 1998). Ultrabasic rocks dominated by harzburgites, chromitites and serpentinites have been interpreted as a disrupted ophiolitic sequence (Escayola et al. 1996; Ramos et al. 2000). This orogenic belt has been interpreted as: (a)the result of a collision between a Pampean block against the Río de La Plata Craton (Ramos 1988a; Ramos & Vujovich 1993; Rapela et al. 1998), (b)in the context of a subduction of a mid-ocean ridge beneath the palaeo-Pacific Gondwana margin (e.g. Gromet & Simpson 2000; Simpson et al. 2003; Piñán-Llamas & Simpson 2006; Schwartz et al. 2008), or (c)the result of complex strike-slip tectonics between Kalahari and Río de la Plata craton (Rapela et al. 2007; Casquet et al. 2012; Spagnuolo et al. 2012a). In recent years more precise studies of the pre and post-collisional suites seem to indicate that the main episode of deformation is bracketed between 537 and 530 Ma (Iannizzotto et al. 2013), and the tectonic evolution comprises a complex geological history to fit all of the observations (Escayola et al. 2007; Ramos et al. 2010). This model implies a primitive island arc that under western subduction collided against the Río de la Plata Craton by the end of the Ediacarian (Escayola et al. 2007). This oceanic terrane of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas known as the Córdoba terrane is composed of several belts of ophiolites (Mutti 1997; Ramos et al. 2000, 2010). This collision was followed by the final collision of Pampia through an east-dipping subduction against the Río de la Plata craton as proposed by Kraemer et al. (1995), Escayola et al. (2007) and Ramos et al. (2010). Among the post-collisional effects, the emplacement of mafic bodies of Ocean-Island Basalts (OIB) signature emplaced at about 520 Ma could be interpreted as evidence of slab breakoff (Tibaldi et al. 2008), associated with general anatexis and crustal delamination as indicated by extensive rhyolitic plateaux preserved in the northern sector of Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, such as the Oncán Rhyolites and Los Burros Rhyodacites of 532-512 Ma *(Leal et al. 2004). These regions have been affected by ductile shear deformation along some weakness zones during the early Palaeozoic (Martino 2003). (tomado de Charrier et al., 2015. Geol. Soc., London) [[ * This reminds in some way the evolution during the Triassic…]] Terreno Arequipa-Antofalla (AAT) (podrían ser dos terrenos distintos) - También denominado Macizo de Arequipa (AM) - En el N de Chile y Bolivia - Edad: 2,0 - 1,8 Ga (edad Grenvilleana) - Terreno: · Autóctono (Dalmayrac et al., 1980), · Para-autóctono (Forsythe et al., 1993), o · Alóctono y exótico (Dalziel, 1994; Loewy et al., 2003; Ramos, 2008b). - Presenta rocas intrusivas ordovícicas consideradas como pertenecientes a la prolongación norte del arco Famatiniano de Argentina y del norte de Chile. - Se acrecionó al margen SW de Amazonia durante la orogenia Sunsas de edad Grenvilliana (Litherland et al., 1989; Santos et al., 2000; Loewy et al., 2004; Tohver et al., 2004; Boger et al., 2005; Santos et al., 2008). Arequipa - Antofalla y Amazonia - Pampia The Arequipa and Antofalla terranes considered as independent Grenville-age blocks re-accreted to the Gondwana proto-margin during Ordovician times (modified from Ramos, 1988). Note the episutural basin developed in early Paleozoic times along the Grenville sutures among Arequipa, Antofalla, Amazonia, and Pampia terranes that defines a triple junction in Sucre. (Ramos, 2010. JSAES) El Terreno Compuesto Cuyania (Precordillera y Sierra Pié de Palo) [1] El otro terreno derivado de la separación de Laurentia y Gondwana es el terreno compuesto Cuyania. Este terreno de edad Grenvilliana (Mesoproterozoico). se acrecionó a Gondwana en el Ordovícico Medio (Orogenia Oclóyica). Con esta colisión, durante la cual Cuyanía se subductó bajo Pampia, se habría formado el Orógeno Famatiniano. Otra posibilidad es que Famatina corresponda a un terreno independiente (Fig. siguiente). Las asociaciones de trilobites ollenelidos reconocidas en Precordillera son similares a las conocidas en Norte América. Así mismo, el desarrollo de facies y las curvas de subsidencia para las plataformas carbonatadas de ambas regiones son similares, indicando que Precordillera y Laurentia correponden a márgenes conjugados, que compartieron una misma transición de rifting a posterior deriva. Para explicar estas coincidencias se ha propuesto que : (1)Una microplaca desprendida de Laurentia colisionó contra Gondwana (Ramos, 1988; Astini et al., 1995, 1996), o bien (2)Una colisión continente-continente entre Laurentia y Gondwana habría dejado atrás al terreno Precordillera pegado a Gondwana (Escayola et al., 2011. JSAES). Esquema mostrando distintos momentos de la deriva y colisiones de Famatina y Cuyania contra Pampia (Ramos, 2000) Famatina Terrane Grenville age of the Famatina basement and the striking isotopic differences with the Pie de Palo basement of the Cuyania terrane. Ramos, 2010. JSAES Interacciones entre Laurentia y Amazonia Situación similar a la descrita, pero más antigua y localizada más al norte contra Amazonia y que dio origen al Terreno Arequipa - Antofalla. Escayola et al. (2011, JSAES) El Terreno Compuesto Cuyania (Precordillera y Sierra Pié de Palo) [2] Esta separación de Precordillera y Laurentia habría permitido la apertura de un océano al oeste de Precordillera (Dalla Salda et al., 1992a,b; Dalziel et al., 1996). Evidencia en favor de la apertura de un océano en el Ordovícico Superior la brindan: -La deformación extensional que afecta a la Formación Alcaparrosa, en la Precordillera occidental, que se incrementa hacia el oeste, -La presencia de diques básicos encajados en las fallas normales de esta formación, que se incrementa hacia el oeste, y -La existencia de pillow-lavas de edad Ordovícico Superior a lo largo del borde occidental de la Precordillera, en la Depresión de Calingasta - Barreal - Uspallata, que separa la Precordillera, al este, de la Cordillera Frontal, al oeste. -Un nuevo terreno, Chilenia, se acrecionará posteriormente contra el borde occidental de la Precordillera, el que se encuentra bajo la Cordillera Frontal y la cordillera chilena. Depresión de Iglesia - Calingasta - Uspallata Sutura entre Precordillera y Cordillera Frontal Pillow-lavas ordovícicas en la región de Calingasta (~31º20’ S) àApertura de un océano en el Ordovícico Superior, previo a la colisión de Chilenia Cratón Del Río De La Plata Colisión De Pampia Contra Río De La Plata (530 Ma; Cámbrico MeDio) Ver Diapo sgte. Margen continental activo desde el Cámbrico MeDio hasta el OrDovícico MeDio a TarDío Chilenia Docking of Chilenia to the South American margin is assumed to have taken place in the Early to Middle Devonian (Ramos et al., 1986; Davis et al., 2000; Ramos, 2000). Chilenia prácticamente no se conoce. In a subsequent study of basement gneisses at Cordón del Portillo in the high Andes of Mendoza, Ramos and Basei (1997) presented a U–Pb age of 1069±36 Ma based on four igneous zircon fractions, and recognized the unit as part of Chilenia's basement. The presence of Grenville age magmatism together with the absence of Brazilian magmatic of metamorphic ages in the basement are taken as evidence of a Laurentian origin, just like Cuyania (Keppie and Ramos, 1999). This terrane was defined by Ramos et al. (1986) and is poorly exposed along the main axis of the Cordillera de Los Andes.
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