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Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses The structure of the Pauline Churches: charisma and oce Clauben, Carsten How to cite: Clauben, Carsten (1991) The structure of the Pauline Churches: charisma and oce, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6242/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Carsten ClauSen The Structure of the Pauline Churches. 'Charisma' and 'Office' The Study is divided into four main parts. The first one provides a review of some substantial contributions from a mainly theological perspective. Beside others contributions by A. Harnack and R. Sohm, E. Kasemann, E. Schweizer and J.D.G. Dunn, H. Ridderbos and B.H. Streeter, R. Schnackenburg and H. Kung are reviewed. The second part intends to introduce some of the sociological positions which have later on influenced the studies on this topic. Relevant contributions of the sociologists, and a few of them at the same time theologians, M. Weber, E. Troeltsch, H.R. Niebuhr, P.L. Berger, and Th. Luckmann are summarized and di scussed. Part three turns back to the theological context. First of all some contributions are summarized which make use of socio- historical categories such as "family" and "household". Contibutions by E. Judge, C. Hill, and G. TheiBen are taken up in this section. In the second section of part three the positions of J.H. Schutz and B. Holmberg are reviewed. They make use of sociological categories like "authority", "power", and "i nsti tutionali zation". Part four provides a discussion concerning the relationship of 'charisma' and 'office' looking at prophecy. This study comes to the following results: 1. The organization of the early Pauline churches is determined by the 'charismata'. 2. One cannot talk of anything like 'office' in our modern sense. 3. However, a primary institutionalization can already be seen. Certain people contribute more or less regularly to the life of the congregation concerning certain 'charismata'. This applies for example to prophecy. In correspondence to their 'charisma' , these people were named prophets. 4. Within the community authority lay with the apostles and with all occasional or regular ministries of the local church. Carsten ClauSen The Structure of the Pauline Churches. 'Charisma' and 'Office' Die Studie gliedert sich in vier Hauptteile, Der erste gibt eine Darstellung einiger der wesentlichen Beitrage aus vorwiegend theologischer Sicht. Unter anderem werden Beitrage von A. Harnack und R. Sohm, E. Kasemann, E. Schweizer und J.D.G. Dunn, H. Ridderbos und B.H. Streeter, R. Schnackenburg und H. KCing herangezogen. Der zweite Teil will mit einigen soziologischen Positionen bekanntmachen, die die Behandlung der Thematik spater beeinfluBt haben. Es werden relevante Beitrage der Soziologen, und einige von ihnen gleichzeitig auch Theologen, M. Weber, E. Troeltsch, H.R. Niebuhr, P.L. Berger und Th. Luckmann dargestellt und di skuti ert. Teil drei kehrt zum theologischen Zusammenhang zuruck. Zunachst werden Beitrage dargestellt, die auf sozio-historische Kategorien, wie zum Beispiel die Kategorien von "Familie" und "Haushalt", zuruckgreifen. Aufgegriffen werden in diesem Abschnitt Beitrage von E. Judge, C. Hill und G. TheiBen. Im zweiten Abschnitt dieses dritten Teiles werden die Positionen von J.H. Schutz und B. Holmberg dargestellt. Sie benutzen soziologische Kategorien wie zum Beispiel "Autoritat", "Macht" und "Institutionalisierung". Teil vier bringt die Diskussion der Beziehung von 'Charisma' und 'Amt' am Beispiel der Prophetie. Die Studie kommt dabei zu folgenden Ergebnissen: 1. Die Organisation der paulinischen Gemeinden ist durch die 'Charismata' bestimmt. 2. Von 'Amt' im modernen Sinne kann man noch nicht sprechen. 3. Eine erste Institutionalisierung laBt sich jedoch bereits erkennen. Bestimmte Personen haben mit bestimmten 'Charismata' mehr oder weniger haufig zum Leben der Gemeinde beigetragen. Das gilt zum Beispiel im Bezug auf Prophetie. Entsprechend wurden bestimmte Personen gemaB ihrem 'Charisma' zum Beispiel als Propheten bezeichnet. 4. Geistliche Autoritat geht innerhalb der Gemeinde von den Aposteln und von alien mehr oder weniger regelmaBigen Gemeindediensten aus. Carsten Claussen The Structure of the Pauline Churches: 'Charisma' and 'Office' The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be pu Wished without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Thesis for the Degree of Master of Theology (M.Theol.) University of Durham Department of Theology Submitted in 1991 3 0 OCT 1892 -4- CONTENTS Abstract in English 1 Abstract in German 2 Preface 9 INTRODUCTION §1 Intention and Outline of this Study 10 Part One THE THEOLOGICAL APPROACH §2 Definition of 'charisma' and 'office' 11 II A REVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF RESEARCH §3 The Old Protestant Consensus 13 §4 Edwin Hatch 15 §5 Adolf Harnack 18 §6 Rudolph Sohm 23 §7 Hans von Campenhausen 35 §8 Ernst Kasemann 40 §9 Eduard Schweizer 47 §10 James D.G. Dunn 52 §11 Gerhard Friedrich 60 §12 Heinrich Greeven 62 §13 Leonhard Goppelt 64 §14 Herman Ridderbos 68 §15 Burnett Hillman Streeter 70 §16 Rudolph Schnackenburg 73 §17 Hans Kung 75 §18 Summary 78 §19 Questions and Outlook 82 -5- Part Two THE SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH III SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS §20 Max Weber 84 §21 Ernst Troeltsch 102 §22 H. Richard Niebuhr 109 §23 Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann 110 §24 Summary 116 Part Three THEOLOGICAL APPROACHES MAKING USE OF SOCIOLOGY §25 Introduction 120 IV THE SOCIO-HISTORICAL APPROACH IN A THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT §26 Edwin Judge 122 §27 Clifford Hill 133 §28 Gerd TheiBen 141 §29 Summary 149 V THE SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH IN A THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT §30 John Howard Schutz 151 §31 Bengt Holmberg 154 §32 Summary 176 -6- Part Four TESTING THE RESULTS VI PROPHECY AS A TEST-CASE FOR EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH ORDER §33 Itemizing Previous Results 178 §34 Prophecy as Regular and/or Occasional Ministry 179 §35 Are Women Allowed to Prophesy? 184 §36 Does Paul Attempt a Primary Institutionalization? 187 §37 Prophecy in Terms of 'charisma' and 'office' 190 §38 How are Power, Authority and Legitimacy Related to Prophecy? 193 §39 Authority through Assessment? 195 §4-0 Conclusions 102 Bibliography 204 -7- Declaration I confirm that no part of the material offered has previously been submitted by me for a degree in this or in any other University. -8- Statement of Copyright The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. -9- Preface The following thesis is the result of studies I have been able to undertake in the academic year 1989/90 at the University of Durham. During that time I have been part of the joint programme of study between the University of Tubingen and the University of Durham for the degree of Master of Theology (M.Theol.). During my life as a Christian I have worshipped at and also been part of a number of different churches belonging to different denominations. Most of them have had at least some impact on my life. Some of them put more emphasis on 'charisma' and experience, others more on 'office' and tradition. This background is certainly part of the reason why I wanted to look afresh and on my own at the example of the early Pauline churches. This could certainly not be done without walking down the long road of research that has been done before me. Therefore I have found it necessary to get to review some of the most brilliant contributions that have been made concerning my topic. Finally I have tried to test their results looking at the gift of prophecy as an example. First of all I want to thank my supervisors in the Department of Theology. Prof. J.D.G. Dunn, Mr. S.C. Barton and Dr A.J.M. Wedderburn have provided diligent help and advice throughout the year. Secondly that year is inseparably linked to my life in St. John's College. The list would be too long to name all the fellow students who have made that time a wonderful experience. Thanks to all of them. Last but certainly not least I want to thank Esther D. Reed who has been my flatmate in the Postgraduate Centre. Her friendship and encouragement have been invaluable and very much appreciated. Heidelberg, Advent 1990 Carsten ClauBen -10- I INTRODUCTION § 1. Intention and Outline of this Study The intention of this thesis is to describe the structure of Early Church order as it is reflected in the Pauline literature. It seems to be advisable to avoid burdening this investigation with the very complex discussion of authenticity. Therefore this thesis will mainly be restricted to those epistles which are generally considered to be genuine Pauline ones.^ We have also restricted our view to the Pauline trajectory which has been the most influential and significant in investigating Early Church order in general. Nevertheless, it will sometimes be necessary to involve the accounts of Acts and the accounts of Paul's relations to the Jerusalem church. The thesis will be divided into four parts.
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