Learning About Castles

The king wears the crown of England, but on his sword ST GEORGE’S CHAPEL are the crowns of two countries he also wanted to LEARNING (Closed on Sundays except for services) rule. Can you work out which they were: F _ A _ _ E ABOUT CASTLES _ C _ T _ _ N D Windsor Castle is a favourite home of Queen Elizabeth II and is the oldest What is hanging on the wall next to his painting? and largest castle that people live in anywhere in the world. It is 2m and was probably used with two hands by King Edward III in battle. Follow the trail to find out more and ask the Wardens in the Castle and Stewards in St George’s Chapel if you need help. This Chapel was built over 500 years ago and is the place of worship for the Order of the Garter, a band of GUARDING THE CASTLE Built over 900 years ago for William the Conqueror, knights that began at Windsor more than 660 years ago. the Castle was first built in wood and then rebuilt

Follow the visitor route until you reach the Quire. Near the visitor exit gate you will see the Guard Room. in stone a hundred years later. With thick walls and Look up to see the banners of the present Soldiers like the one below guard the Castle today and strong towers to keep out enemies, it has always Knights of the Garter pictured here. the Guard Room is where they live when on duty. been a safe place for kings and queens to live.

What colour uniform is the guard wearing today? They show their coats CASTLE HILL of arms, a type of badge that knights used to wear Is The Queen here today? in battle. When wearing full Draw a picture of the guardsman here: As you walk up the hill, look ARROW LOOPS armour, each knight had to at the Round Tower have a different badge, so and see which flag is flying. that friends and enemies These windows kept the archers safe could tell who he was. from enemy arrows. When you turn The Royal Standard The Union Flag the corner at the top of the hill, the means The Queen means The Queen openings are much wider on the inside. is here today. is not here today. Why is this?

Walk on and find the painting of King Edward III. TOWERS: SQUARE ROUND In 1348, he chose 24 of his bravest Is this Castle easy to defend? Towers helped the guards to see the enemy knights to be the below from a safe place. Castles long ago had lots of special features that first members of the We hope you enjoyed your visit. made it difficult for people to break in. Order of the Garter. Remember to look for more castle defences Draw a tower here: as you go through the exit gate. Tick these off when you see them:

BATTLEMENTS the countries were France and Scotland, and the king’s sword is next to his painting. his to next is sword king’s the and Scotland, and France were countries the

the tournament was called jousting. jousting. called was tournament the ram. Battering (C) Belfry; (B) Trebuchet; (A) enemy. the at fired or thrown been have would St George’s Chapel: George’s St Quadrangle: Terrace: North

the Castle and the Round Tower are both built on a hill. All the items listed listed items the All hill. a on built both are Tower Round the and Castle the fire. of field wider a archer the give to inside the on wide were loops arrow ANSWERS Middle Ward: Middle Hill: Castle

Archers fired arrows through the opening

To learn more about Windsor Castle as a fortress, download the information sheet from the Learning Resources section of then hid behind the our website www.rct.uk/learning. Discover further learning opportunities there, and also at www.stgeorges-windsor.org upright section. Edward III image – © The Dean and Canons of Windsor All other images: Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2018 Photographers and illustrators: Queen Elizabeth II image, Ian Jones; Windsor Castle, Quadrangle, St George’s Chapel images, Will Pryce; motte and bailey illustration, Bob Marshall; St George’s Hall image, Mark Fiennes; guardsman image, Peter Packer. MIDDLE WARD NORTH TERRACE STATE APARTMENTS NORMAN GATEWAY

The State Apartments are the magnificent rooms The Queen uses when she welcomes her guests to Windsor Castle. In St George’s Hall, look at the coats of arms of the Knights of the Garter, of which there are more than 1,000 in all. Find out more about the Garter Knights when you visit St George’s Chapel.

Stand close to the gateway, but please beware of traffic. Is this Castle built on a hill? Look over the wall, but be careful. Pretend you are in charge of guarding this gateway long See how steep the cliff is here Look up at the Round Tower to find out. ago. The King of France is in prison in the tower and – much too steep to climb. A hill was excellent because the enemy would find it his friends are trying to set him free. difficult to fight going uphill. The Round Tower is the Can you see the River Thames? Ye s No Check these gate defences: keep of the Castle, the highest and safest place to be. The hill it stands on is the motte made from the soil that was dug out from the ditch below. The bailey is It is not easy to see today because of the buildings, PORTCULLIS a flat area with buildings for people to live in. Windsor but when the Castle was first built soldiers could see Castle is a motte and bailey castle, but has two baileys the enemy moving along the river and prepare for QUADRANGLE Look up and you will find because the site is long and narrow. Its ditch or moat is their attack. this ready to be lowered if dry because rain water drains through the chalky soil. Imagine you are the enemy planning to take over the enemies come near. The Castle long ago. Here are pieces of equipment you iron spikes have now been Keep will need, but the descriptions have got mixed up. cut off to make it safe.

Draw a line to join up each picture Bailey with the correct details. MURDER HOLES Motte Can you see some stonework that overhangs the outside BATTERING RAM A. wall of the gateway? Your guards must drop boiling water Moat You will use this and rocks through the holes onto the enemy. enormous log hanging on chains to smash This grassy area is where kings and queens long ago through walls and doors. held colourful festivals and tournaments. A special type Tick the things below that soldiers would have of tournament involved two knights on horseback thrown or fired down onto enemy attackers: charging towards each other carrying heavy lances and TREBUCHET B. trying to knock each other off their horses. This is how HOT WATER (say it treb-oo-shay) they practised their fighting skills.

ROCKS With this big catapult you Unscramble these letters to find out what it was called: will shoot huge rocks at BOILING OIL the Castle walls. J I N G O T S U SIZZLING PIG FAT HEAVY WOODEN FLAMING ARROWS DOORS BELFRY C. Your soldiers will slam these shut, lock them and On leaving Middle Ward, you can visit these Your soldiers will bring put a drawbar across to next areas in whatever order you wish, although you this siege tower close to make sure no one gets will probably visit them in the order opposite. the walls, climb the steps inside and storm across through. Long ago, the the platform at the top. doors were taller.