The Possible Effects of the Blue Economy on Gender Equality in the Republic of Seychelles
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Linköping University | Department of Management and Engineering Master’s Thesis in Economics, 30 credits | Master’s Programme in Economics Spring semester 2018 | LIU-IEI-FIL-A--18/02938--SE The possible effects of the blue economy on gender equality in the Republic of Seychelles Alexandra Allard Charlotta Bauer Supervisors: Ali Ahmed and Thérese Lind Linköpings University SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden 013-28 10 00, www.liu.se English title: The possible effects of the blue economy on gender equality in the Republic of Seychelles Swedish title: De möjliga effekterna av den blåa ekonomin på jämlikheten mellan könen i Republiken Seychellerna Creole title: Bann lefe ki Lekonomi Ble i kapab annan lo egalite ant bann fanm ek zonm dan Sesel Authors: Alexandra Allard [email protected] Charlotta Bauer [email protected] Supervisors: Ali Ahmed and Thérese Lind Publication type: Master’s Thesis in Economics Master’s Programme in Economics at Linköping University Advanced level, 30 credits Spring semester 2018 ISRN Number: LIU-IEI-FIL-A--18/02938--SE Linköping University Department of Management and Engineering (IEI) www.liu.se Abstract In order to ensure the Earth’s future prosperity and welfare gender inequalities need to be tackled and our marine environment needs to be safeguarded. In this thesis we therefore evaluate the possible effects of a blue economy on gender equality in the Republic of Seychelles. Using a qualitative methodology, we have conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with a total of 35 respondents. These including people working at grassroots level, in non- governmental organisations and within the governmental bodies in Seychelles. In order to assist the collection and analysis of the data, we developed a theoretical model portraying in what ways the blue economy can affect gender equality in the country via three main components; maritime sustainability, technological innovation and new market and job opportunities. The empirical results demonstrate that the blue economy framework through these three components can affect gender equality, both in the short and long-term. If proven to be inclusive and implemented in the correct way, our findings portray that the blue economy will offer many opportunities. This affecting gender equality in diverse ways, with our main results showing that the concept will (i) help single mothers through factors such as increasing food security, water quality and new job opportunities; (ii) encouraging women to enter into more technological and/or male dominated fields; (iii) motivating boys to remain in school or help dropouts to venture into more practical fields. Keywords: Blue Economy, Gender Equality, Maritime Sustainability, Technological Innovation, New Market and Job Opportunities Sammanfattning För att säkerställa jordens framtida välstånd och välfärd måste ojämlikheter mellan könen åtgärdas och vår marina miljö skyddas. I denna uppsats så utvärderar vi därför de möjliga effekterna av en blå ekonomi på jämlikheten mellan könen i Republiken Seychellerna. Via ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt genomförde vi 21 semistrukturerade intervjuer med 35 respondenter. Dessa inkluderade individer som arbetar på gräsrotsnivå, i icke-statliga organisationer och inom de statliga organen i Seychellerna. För att förenkla insamlingen och analysen av data utvecklade vi en teoretisk modell som visar på vilka sätt en blå ekonomi kan påverka jämlikheten mellan män och kvinnor i landet via tre huvudkomponenter; marin hållbarhet, teknologisk utveckling och nya marknads- och arbetsmöjligheter. De empiriska resultaten visar på att en blå ekonomi kan, genom dessa tre komponenter, påverka jämlikheten mellan män och kvinnor på både kort och lång sikt. Om konceptet implementeras på rätt sätt samt inkluderar hela befolkningen, tyder våra resultat på att en blå ekonomi kommer erbjuda många möjligheter och påverka jämlikheten mellan könen på olika sätt. Våra huvudsakliga resultat visar att konceptet kan (i) hjälpa ensamstående mödrar genom att öka livsmedelsförsörjningen, kvaliteten på vatten och erbjuda nya arbetsmöjligheter; (ii) uppmuntra kvinnor att gå in i mer tekniska och/eller mansdominerade yrken; (iii) motivera pojkar att stanna kvar i skolan eller hjälpa de utsatta att hitta arbete i mer praktiska områden. Nyckelord: Blå Ekonomi, Jämlikhet mellan Könen, Marin Hållbarhet, Teknologisk Utveckling, Nya Marknads- och Arbetsmöjligheter Acknowledgement This research paper cannot be measured only by its pages but by the journey that lies behind it. It all started in August last year with an email sent from one of us to Erna Athanasius, the previous Ambassador for Women and Children in Seychelles. She kindly responded and guided us in the right direction, both academically and practically, by contacting and forwarding us to the right people. We are truly grateful for her response and guidance and would therefore like to thank her for setting this journey in motion. The second step was then to contact SIDA, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, to apply for their Minor Field Studies scholarship. To our great joy they found interest in our thesis which enabled us to go to the Republic of Seychelles and conduct this field study. For this and for the inspiring and enlightening course in Härnösand we would like to say thank you to everyone involved. In Seychelles our main contacts were the Blue Economy Department and the Ministry of Family Affairs. We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to all involved parties for the support during this journey with contacting possible respondents and making it possible for us to visit the islands of Praslin and La Digue. Especially we would like to thank Phillianne Albert, who became our rock. We will be forever grateful for your friendship and hard work that made it possible for us to conduct the majority of our interviews. Even though we got help from other parties we do not know if we would have made it without you. Also, we would like to thank all of our respondents for sharing their stories and knowledge with us. Without you there would not be a thesis and we wish you all the best of luck in the future. We would further like to thank the Leon family for opening up their home to us and easing our transition into Seychellois society. During this trip we lost count of how many times we said thank you but we would like everyone to know that we truly meant it every single time. Lastly, a final thanks goes to our support system in Sweden and Spain. We would like to show great appreciation to our supervisors; Ali Ahmed, Professor at Linköping University, and Ph. D. Candidate Thérese Lind for their inspiration, input and guidance. Further, we would like to thank our opponents and seminar group for their contribution through constructive criticism and new insights. We would finally like to recognize our families and friends and thank them for their constant support and encouragement. Linköping, May 2018 Alexandra Allard Charlotta Bauer Table of Content 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 2. Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Gender equality definition ........................................................................................... 4 2.2. Our model .................................................................................................................... 4 2.3. Blue Economy ............................................................................................................. 6 2.3.1. Maritime sustainability ......................................................................................... 8 2.3.2. Technological innovation ..................................................................................... 9 2.3.3. New market and Job opportunities ..................................................................... 10 3. Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.1. Stages of qualitative research interview .................................................................... 14 3.2. Interviews .................................................................................................................. 14 3.3. Sampling .................................................................................................................... 17 3.4. Content analysis ......................................................................................................... 20 3.5. Methodological criticism ........................................................................................... 21 3.6. Ethical issues ............................................................................................................. 23 4. Results ............................................................................................................................... 23 4.1. Blue economy ............................................................................................................ 23 4.1.1. Maritime sustainability ....................................................................................... 27 4.1.2. Technological innovation ................................................................................... 30 4.1.3. New market and Job opportunities ....................................................................