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Regional Report for Asia and the Pacific HABITAT III REGIONAL REPORT ASIA AND THE PACIFIC HABITAT III REGIONAL REPORT ASIA AND THE PACIFIC “Transformative urbanization for a resilient Asia-Pacific” HABITAT III - 2016 ii © 2017 United Nations All rights reserved worldwide The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The Habitat III National Reports submitted to the Habitat III Secretariat have been quoted or cited where editorially useful and do not imply endorsement of their content by the United Nations. References to names, firms, commercial products, and processes does not imply their endorsement by the United Nations, and a failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product, or process is not a sign of disapproval. Links contained in the present publication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issue. The United Nations takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website. If any questions arise related to the accuracy of information contained in this publication, please refer to the official document, A/CONF.226/11. An electronic version of this publication, as well as other documents from the Habitat III preparatory process and the Conference itself, are available for download from the Habitat III website at www.habitat3.org The Habitat III Secretariat gratefully acknowledges the Government of Ecuador for the financial support provided to produce this publication. Photocopies and reproductions of excerpts are allowed with proper credits. This is a United Nations publication issued by the Habitat III Secretariat. Cover: Urban pattern of Jakarta, Indonesia ISBN Volume: 978-92-1-132742-7 ISBN Series: 978-92-1-133393-0 iii Foreword The Asian and Pacific region has been at the forefront of the dramatic In addition, this report examines how much more can be achieved through global urban transformation that has become evident in the 20 years rethinking current development models in meeting the needs of the future, since the second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements including harnessing urban change to support the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable (Habitat II). In that relatively short period, the region has added almost Development, the Paris Agreement and the New Urban Agenda. This includes one billion people to its cities and now stands on the cusp of having more addressing growing inequalities in the region’s cities, and more effectively people living in cities than in rural areas, for the first time in its history. capitalising on the demographic dividend as well as the challenges of ageing urban populations. It includes the need to create more decent work, especially The Asia and the Pacific Regional Report for United Nations Conference for youth and women, and to support local economic development. Many on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), entitled cities also require huge investments in infrastructure, and to do this requires Transformative Urbanization for a Resilient Asia-Pacific, addresses the stronger fiscal tools and more effective and reliable access to finance. region’s key urban trends, and serves to highlight some of the challenges and opportunities in capitalising on the region’s current and future The Asian and Pacific region’s cities are some of the most vulnerable in the world, facing urbanization in support of sustainable, inclusive, and resilient development. a multitude of hazards. Development which is more resilient, especially to the impacts of climate change and disasters, must be key in the region’s urban agenda. Global In drawing upon national reports submitted for Habitat III, expert meetings political commitments made in Sendai and Paris must be converted into local action. and the collective resources of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Regional Office for Asia To support such necessary change, especially in the context of decentred and and the Pacific of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN- sprawling urban areas, we must also rethink our governance frameworks. The Habitat), the report provides a rich summary of the key urban trends and report highlights the need to embrace more open, transparent, and multi-level prospects facing the region’s 62 member and associate member States. governance to manage the scale and complexity of urban growth. To support this, there must be active engagement and partnership involving the private The report highlights how the region’s cities have become powerhouses sector, civil society, and all levels of government, as highlighted also in the of the global economy, and the significant improvements in the quality of Jakarta Call for Action, adopted at the sixth Asia-Pacific Urban Forum. life that have been achieved over the past twenty years. It also notes the opportunity for global urban transformation to emerge from urban innovation The programmes, fund and agencies of the United Nations share the common and creativity in the region. Just as Asia and the Pacific have shaped urban goal of supporting member States and key stakeholders in advancing the transformations through their growth and dynamism over the period since implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by forging Habitat II, their experience offers lessons for a better urban future for us all. strong and broad-based partnerships at regional, national, and local levels. We are committed to implement the New Urban Agenda, in collaboration with the programmes, funds, and agencies of the United Nations, and will support countries in the region to fulfil their potential and achieve sustainable urban development. Dr. Joan Clos Shamshad Akhtar Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Executive Secretary, United Nations Economic and Social Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) Commission for Asia and the Pacific iv Acknowledgements This report has been prepared jointly by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in collaboration with the Habitat III Secretariat. An early version of the report was reviewed through an Expert Group Meeting (EGM) convened in Bangkok on 27 and 28 January 2016. This report covers the Asian and Pacific region as defined by the United Nations*. Coordination Board Other contributors Marina Brenden (Habitat III Secretariat) Noman Ahmed (NED University of Engineering and Technology) Roi Chiti (Habitat III Secretariat) Somsook Boonyabancha (Asian Coalition for Housing Rights) Bruno Dercon (UN-Habitat) Oyunbayar Buyantogtokh (Mongolian Association of Urban Centres) Ana B. Moreno (Habitat III Secretariat) Sooksiri Chamsuk (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) Lorenzo Santucci (ESCAP) Youngmin Chang (CITYNET) Mariko Sato (UN-Habitat) Shabbir Cheema (East-West Center Asia Pacific Governance and Democracy Initiative) Donovan Storey (ESCAP) Ruchyat Deni Djakapermana (Ministry of Public Works and Housing Government of Indonesia) Tam Hoang (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) Main Contributors Cornie Huizenga (Partnership on Sustainable Low Carbon Transport) Bernhard Barth (UN-Habitat) Bernadia Irawati Tjandradewi (United Cities & Local Governments Asia and the Pacific (UCLG ASPAC)) Felicity Cain (ESCAP) Yoko Iwasa (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) Laids Cea (UN-Habitat) Garima Jain (Indian Institute for Human Settlements) Hyunjin Chang (UN-Habitat) Jeehae Jeon (Seoul Metropolitan Government) Liam Fee (UN-Habitat) Paul Jones (University of Sydney) Rowan Fraser (ESCAP) Jawed Ali Khan (Ministry of Climate Change Government of Pakistan, retired) Yoshinobu Fukasawa (UN-Habitat) In Sook Kim (Seoul Metropolitan Government) Ying Gao (UN-Habitat) Lane Krainyk (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) Julie Greenwalt (Principal Consultant) Emani Kumar (ICLEI) Alain Grimard (UN-Habitat) Debolina Kundu (National Institute of Urban Affairs India) Kyung Koo Kang (ESCAP) Michael Lindfield (SMART Infrastructure Facility) Duncan Munro (ESCAP) Andrew McElroy (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction) Joris Oele (UN-Habitat) Lilian Mercado (Oxfam Asia) Laxman Perera (UN-Habitat) Kamila Mukhamedkhanova (Center for Economic Research Uzbekistan) Lydia Pettifer (UN-Habitat) Shipra Narang Suri (ISOCARP/General Assembly of Partners) Srinivasa Popuri (UN-Habitat) Abdul Khaliq Nemat (Ministry of Urban Development Affairs Government of Afghanistan) Marco Silvestri (ESCAP) Rangajeewa Rathnayake (University of Moratuwa) Ram S. Tiwaree (ESCAP) Dwityo Akoro Soeranto (Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Government of Indonesia) Nadine Waheed (UN-Habitat) Sri Husnaini Sofjan (Huairou Commission) Natalja Wehmer (ESCAP) Andreas Suhono (Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Government of Indonesia) Avelino D. Tolentio III, Cecilia Alba (Government of the Philippines) Mariko Tomiyama (International Organisation
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