Prepared for submission to JCAP Halometry from Astrometry Ken Van Tilburg,a;b Anna-Maria Taki,a Neal Weinera;c aCenter for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA bSchool of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA cCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA E-mail:
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[email protected] Abstract. Halometry—mapping out the spectrum, location, and kinematics of nonluminous structures inside the Galactic halo—can be realized via variable weak gravitational lensing of the apparent motions of stars and other luminous background sources. Modern astrometric surveys provide unprecedented positional precision along with a leap in the number of cat- aloged objects. Astrometry thus offers a new and sensitive probe of collapsed dark matter structures over a wide mass range, from one millionth to several million solar masses. It opens up a window into the spectrum of primordial curvature fluctuations with comoving wavenumbers between 5 Mpc−1 and 105 Mpc−1, scales hitherto poorly constrained. We out- line detection strategies based on three classes of observables—multi-blips, templates, and correlations—that take advantage of correlated effects in the motion of many background light sources that are produced through time-domain gravitational lensing. While existing techniques based on single-source observables such as outliers and mono-blips are best suited for point-like lens targets, our methods offer parametric improvements for extended lens tar- gets such as dark matter subhalos. Multi-blip lensing events may also unveil the existence, arXiv:1804.01991v1 [astro-ph.CO] 5 Apr 2018 location, and mass of planets in the outer reaches of the Solar System, where they would likely have escaped detection by direct imaging.