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Landscape Character Zones and Approved Plants Lists

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Landscape Character Zones and Approved Plants Lists University of Arkansas Campus Landscape Manual LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ZONES These zones represent the most important organizing principle for any landscape design project. Each character zone defines an expected level of design, supported by an approved plant palette and maintenance level. THREE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ZONES CAMPUS-WIDE GUIDELINES The campus landscape is organized into three PLANTING DESIGN GUIDELINES character zones with general guidelines and specific plant palettes for each: • Use restrained plant palettes and large swaths of species to provide a background for campus life • Garden Character rather than “showy” displays. • Park Character • Use the approved plant lists for each of the • Natural Character character zones. The intent of the lists is to create These zones support the idea that the character a consitent campus plant palette that celebrates of the campus landscape should vary according signature areas, while also increasing biodiversity, to topography, use, and “importance” within the ecological health, and reducing maintenance campus at large. The three zones are differentiated requirements. by their approved plant palettes, which are tailored • Bloom palettes should generally be white, to the degree of finish and maintenance expected in yellow, or pink and should be chosen to work each of the zones. Note that the baseline character with adjacent building materials. Red or purple of the campus is the Park Character, which consists flowering species should not be used. of a simple design language of large canopy trees, lawns, and low ground covers. The Garden Character, • Ensure that much of the specified plant palette which has a higher level of finish, is reserved for the blooms or provides other color during the heart of campus and other well-defined spaces, while academic year when students are on campus. the Natural Character includes areas where natural, In particular, consider special events like low-maintenance planting is important to prevent Commencement, Orientation, etc. erosiion, create habitat for native species, manage • Perennials may be used in limited quantities near rainwater collection, and filter pollutants. the edges or borders of planted spaces. Individual species should be grouped to create blocks of color and texture. • Preserve and protect large massings of native trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants to ensure existing ecosystem services remain intact. No wholesale reductions or clearings are acceptable unless they entail the removal of invasive species. • Specify and enforce best-practices for protecting established tree canopy, significant trees, and vegetation zones during construction, such as fencing properly-sized root protection areas. 14 CLEVELAND STREET MAPLE STREET ARKANSAS AVENUE E V I R D M U I D A T S RAZORBACK ROAD LANDSCAPE CHARACTER GARDEN CHARACTER PARK CHARACTER MLK JR BOULEVARD NATURAL CHARACTER University of Arkansas Campus Landscape Manual • Consult the university’s Tree Management Plan to plans during construction, and should verify all maintain canopy cover and a diverse tree palette, construction staking before the trees are planted. coordinate removal and pruning for optimum tree • Streetscape tree pits should be a minimum of 225 health, and prevent safety hazards along streets cubic feet and provide proper growing media and and pathways. spacing to allow for mature trees. • Landscape designs should be responsive to the SOIL GUIDELINES natural hydrologic conditions and features that exist within any area of proposed improvements • Engage a soil scientist to create a comprehensive or new development. A primary driver for soil assessment report for each major project. Use landscape planning and rainwater management soil tests to determine the soil’s characteristics design should be conservation of drainage (physical, chemical, and/or biological). At a patterns, water budget, soils, and vegetation minimum, the soils should be tested for texture wherever possible. or particle size analysis, organic matter, soil pH, soluble salts, nutrients (e.g. estimated nitrogen • Select and maintain plants with deep root systems release, available phosphorus, exchangeable and large amounts of surface or root biomass, to potassium, magnesium, and calcium), and cation increase organic matter, improve soil structure, exchange capacity. and moisture through better infiltration. • Minimize soil compaction to pathways and other • When possible, specify plant material with local hardscape areas. During construction, all other provenance. Purchase plants from providers areas should remain compaction free, or should who have documented a reduction in resource be decompacted after heavy equipment is no consumption and waste (sustainable runoff longer on site. management, soil amendments, and integrated pest management). • Specify acceptable levels of compaction in contract documents and suitable methods of • The use of species that are currently listed on decompaction. Compaction can result in negative any of the following lists as invasive is expressly effects including poor establishment and growth prohibited: State Noxious Weeds laws, USDA of vegetation (roots cannot penetrate soil), Federal Noxious Weeds laws, or regional invasive poor water infiltration, increased erosion and lists. runoff, reduced root growth, less-active microbial • Trees should be located to avoid conflict with communities, and reduced aeration. building overhangs and underground utility lines. • Mulch new plantings to retain moisture in the The landscape plan and utilities plan should be root zone while reducing soil and water run-off. coordinated as early as possible during project Mulch should be maintained at a depth of 2 to 3 design to avoid (if possible) locating new trees inches to retain moisture and inhibit weeds and within 8 feet of main utility lines including water, 3 to 4 inches to minimize compaction from foot stormwater, sanitary sewer, high-pressure gas, etc. traffic. All mulch should be made from recycled • Trees or shrubs that produce fruit should be hardwood or another recommended sustainable located far enough from pathways so the fruit material. Ensure that mulch is kept clear of the does not fall on the walking surface. base of tree trunks. • Small scale trees and large shrubs should not • Mitigate all soil disturbances with appropriate block sight lines across campus spaces. amendments, especially in areas affected by construction activities. • Trees planted in purposeful rows or allées should be single species. The designer should ensure that the trees are spaced precisely per the 16 17 University of Arkansas Campus Landscape Manual Rice University 18 GARDEN CHARACTER ZONE DESCRIPTION PLANTING DESIGN GUIDELINES The Garden Character Zone represents the highest • Use the approved Garden Character Zone Plant standard of design, finish, and maintenance within List. Discuss requests for special species with FM the campus landscape. This zone celebrates the Planning and Design. importance of the historic center of the campus as well as the major academic and residential courtyards • Use ornamental species to enclose spaces, line which are home to the various schools and colleges. corridors, and celebrate important landmarks. Maple Street and Arkansas Avenue are also included • Create seasonal changes in color and texture because they create a public face for the university across the entire zone to ensure consistency for first-time campus visitors and other regional of landscape design. Flowering understory visitors who may only see the campus from the car. trees, shrubs, and bulbs should be orchestrated The Garden Character Zone is intended to create together to ensure bloom periods align with the a series of well-detailed garden spaces with high- academic calendar and university-wide events. quality hardscape materials, varied plant materials, and year-round diversity of color and texture. • Main building entries should be highlighted by shrubs and ornamental plantings that are HARDSCAPE QUALITY compatible with adjacent architecture and • Hardscape materials, finishes, and details should landscape. be of the highest quality. Appropriate use of • Along corridors, robust ground covers and low articulation and detail should create a sense of shrubs should be introduced to frame major craft and permanence worthy of the historic pedestrian areas. Careful consideration should be center of campus. given to species selection to ensure clear sight • Approved materials include: lines are maintained. • Pavement: stone pavers, stone curbs, asphalt MAINTENANCE / APPA LEVEL 2 pavers, granite cobbles, stone fines (in low This level of maintenance will provide a very high pedestrian use areas), and—where necessary— level of quality of visual character and appearance concrete. {Note: Concrete should only be for the Historic Core, courtyards and gardens, and used for Senior Walks in the Garden Character other important areas of the campus. Facilities staff Zone.} should be allocated to allow for daily visual inspection • Walls: stone, stone veneer and spot maintenance of the Garden Zone Areas. It is recommended that storage for small, frequently-used • see Appendix B for more information landscape maintenance tools be provided in close proximity to the Garden Zone spaces. {size – 27 acres} 19 University of Arkansas Campus Landscape Manual GARDEN CHARACTER ZONE PLANT LIST / 1 Botanical Name Common Name Garden Park Natural Hydrologic Indicator* Notes LARGE TREES Acer rubrum Red Maple X X X FAC Acer
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