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Conodonts of the Barnett Formation of Texas

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Conodonts of the Barnett Formation of Texas Conodonts of the Barnett Formation of Texas GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 243-F Conodonts of the Barnett Formation of Texas By WILBERT H. MASS A SHORTER CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1952, PAGES 69-94 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 243-F UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING, OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1953 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 55 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract... _-________-______________________________-___.._______-_______-___----__-.__-----------_-_---..------ 69 Introduction-__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 69 Age of the Barnett formation__________________._________________-______.___-..-----_-_---------_-----__-_-— - 69 Conodont faunalzones.___________________________________.._____________________-___-_--_---_---_-------_---_-_ 70 Lower conodont faunal zone_________.._______________..________-.._____--_--_--_--__------_-----_--------_--- 71 Upper conodont faunal zone____._____________-_______.__________-_____________-__--_-----__--_--___..---_-_ 71 Measured sections.__________________________________________________________________________________________ 73 Locality register. _________________________________________________________________ — __________ — _________ 76 Systematic descriptions...._____________________________________________________________________________________ 77 References cited-____-________-_______-_________--_.______-________-__-___-----_----_-----_--------_------_-_-_ 90 Index______________________________________________________________________________——___-.__-_-___-____._- 93 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATES 14-16. Barnett formation; upper conodont faunal zone____--_-___-,________-___.___________________ Follow irdex 4. Map showing localities at which conodonts of the Barnett formation were collected--__--_-_-_______________ 75 TABLE Page TABLE 1. Distribution of conodont species in the upper faunal zone of the Barnett formation________-___--_-___ Facing 72 m CONODONTS OF THE BARNETT FORMATION OF TEXAS BY WILBERT H. HASS ABSTRACT That of the lower zone is poorly preserved, and, there­ The Barnett formation (Mississippian) of the Llano region, fore, is not described. Texas, contains two conodont faunal zones. The upper of these Field work was done on four occasions. The first two zones is believed to be restricted to that portion of the formation which herein is regarded as being of Meramec and collections were made during the summer of 1938 while possibly also partly of Chester age; and the lower faunal zone, the writer was assisting Josiah Bridge with his studies to that portion of the formation which herein is regarded as of the lower Paleozoic rocks of the Llano region. As being of Osage (Keokuk) age. an examination of these collections indicated that cono­ Rocks assigned to the upper faunal zone are present in all quad­ donts are abundant in the upper faunal zone of the rants of the Llano region. In the eastern part of the area, these rocks consist chiefly of olive-gray to yellowish-brown shales that Barnett formation, additional collections were mad°! in are interbedded with a few thin argillaceous limestones; westward, August 1942, June and July 1945, and July 1950. the above-mentioned rocks merge into limestones, some of which During the 1945 field season, the writer spent 2 c*ays are extremely crinoidal. Conodonts are numerous in most col­ with V. E. Barnes of the Texas Bureau of Economic lections, but the faunal assemblage is small as only 10 genera Geology making collections from measured section * in and 18 species have been recognized in 65 collections. Some Blanco and Burnet Counties; and 8 days with P. E. of these conodonts are present in the lower part of the Stanley shale of Oklahoma and Arkansas, as well as in the Caney shale Cloud, Jr., of the United States Geological Survey of Oklahoma. Two new generic names, Geniculatus and Roundya making similar collections from sections located else­ are proposed. P. V. Roundy's conodonts from the Barnett where in the Llano region. N. W. Shupe photographed formation have been studied and all of his type specimens have the fossils used to illustrate the paper. been refigured. Rocks assigned to the lower faunal zone of the Barnett forma­ AGE OF THE BARNETT FORMATION tion are known to be present only in the southwest quadrant of the Llano region. The fauna of this zone has been recognized The name, Barnett shale, was proposed by Moore in 20 collections but has not been described as it is poorly and Plummer (1922, pp. 25, 26) for all of the limestone preserved. and shale beds between the Marble Falls limestone of INTRODUCTION Pennsylvanian age and the Ellenburger group of Early The Barnett formation of Mississippian age crops Ordovician age. They (Plummer and Moore, 1922, out in the Hano region of Texas. It contains two pp. 23, 24) regarded the Barnett as the exact equivalent conodont faunal zones: the upper faunal zone is re­ of the "lower Bend shale"—the lowermost of the three stricted to that part of the formation which in this units into which Bumble's (1890, p. 65) Bend senes report is regarded as being definitely of Meramec and was divided—and designated the exposure at Barnett possibly also partly of Chester age; and the lower Springs, "about 5 miles east of San Saba," as the type faunal zone, to that part of the formation which in locality. Girty (1926, p. 3), however, has stated that this report is regarded as being of Osage (Keokuk) the Barnett is not the exact equivalent of the "lower age. The conclusions of this paper are based on a Bend shale" but that it also contains beds originally study of specimens in 85 collections, most of which assigned to the overlying Marble Falls limestone. were made by the writer; of these collections, 65 are For the most part, the base of the Barnett formation from the upper faunal zone, and 20 are from the lower. is easily recognized, though it is now known that, at Figure 4 indicates the localities, C-l to C-17, at which many localities, a thin sequence of Mississippian and these collections were made, and table 1 records the Devonian beds is present between that formation and species present in each collection from the upper faunal the Ellenburger group. Opinions differ, however, as zone. Conodonts collected by P. V. Roundy (1926)— to where the base of the Barnett should be drawn in including those he described and figured—have been the southwest quadrant of the region, as beds occur studied, and all of his type specimens have been re- there which some stratigraphers place in the Chappel figured. The known fauna of the upper zone is well limestone but which others place in the Barnett forma­ preserved and consists of 10 genera and 18 species. tion. (See Weller, and others, 1948, pp. 143, 144, and 69 70 A SHORTER CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL GEOLOGY pi. 2, column 54; Cloud and Barnes, 1949, pp. 52-59; Plummer and Scott (1937) were of the opinion that Plummer, 1950, pp. 26, 28.) the Barnett formation is upper Mississippian. Their Several opinions have been held concerning the age work was based on a study of cephalopods. In his final of the Barnett formation. One view, based on the publication, Plummer (1950, p. 43) correlated the work of Girty (1912, p. 8; 1919, pp. 71-81; 1926, pp. Barnett with the Moorefield shale (Moorefiek1 forma­ 3, 4; and Girty and Moore, 1919, pp. 418-420), held tion and Kuddell shale of present usage) and placed that the Barnett is a correlative of the Mississippian both formations in the Chester. His opinion was that: Caney shale; a formation that Girty (1926, p. 4) sug­ The Barnett faunas correlate with the Moorefield of Arkansas gested might possibly be the equivalent of the entire and not with the Fayetteville or Pitkin. The Barnett faunas interval from the base of the Moorefield formation to probably also are the time equivalent of the lower part (Okaw the top of the Fayetteville shale of Arkansas. Another and older beds) of the Chester of Illinois and the Helms of west Texas * * * All four faunas [Barnett, Moorefield, lower view, based chiefly on the work of Moore, was that the Chester, and Helms] may represent more or less equivalent time Barnett is of early Pennsylvanian age. (See Moore, space in the Upper Mississippian period. Clearly they all 1919, pp. 217-241; and Girty and Moore, 1919, pp. belong in the Chester series. 418-420). Later (Plummer and Moore, 1922, pp. 23, It should be pointed out in this connection that Cloud 24) the age of these Carboniferous beds was considered and Barnes (1949) included in the lower part of the to be uncertain and still more recently Plummer and Barnett formation, beds that Plummer (1950) placed in Moore (1938, p. 104) have classified the Barnett as the Chappel limestone as the White's Crossing coquina being definitely of Mississippian age. They also member. Plummer considered these beds to be of Bur­ divided the formation into three units; the lowermost lington age, whereas Cloud and Barnes considered them unit was correlated with the Moorefield shale (Moore­ to be of Keokuk age. field formation and Ruddell shale of present usage) and Weller, and others (1948, p. 144) have suirmarized the uppermost unit, with the Fayetteville shale. the prevailing opinions as follows: Miller and Youngquist (1948) have described some The Barnett shale is similar lithologically and fauna lly to the cephalopods from the Barnett formation. Most of lower part of the Caney shale of Oklahoma. Generally, it has their fossils were collected by Cloud, Barnes, and G. A. been correlated with the Chesterian * * * but its1 relations Cooper and came from localities C-l, C-10, C-12, and to the Ruddell shale of Arkansas seem to be much close". Cloud C-14 of this report. (See fig. 4.) Miller and Young- believes that no strata younger than Warsaw occur r* outcrop quist's (1948, p.
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