WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
INVESTOR: MDG-F DEMOCRATIC ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE OF WATER ACCESS
PROJECT: WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PARTNER MUNICIPALITIES
WATER SUPPLY STUDY
FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
AUGUST 2011
Chapter: Registration 1 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Engineering, Design and Consulting Company Bijeljina
Investor: UNDP BIH / MDG-F DEMOCRATIC ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE
Water Supply Study FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Project Team Responsibility for the project Slobodan Tadić Program Manager UNDP/MDG-F DEG UNDP BiH Haris Fejzibegović Technical Coordinator UNDP/MDG-F DEG Amel Jakupović Financial Coordinator UNDP/MDG-F DEG Nebojša Budović Project Manager Voding 92 doo Andreas Stoisits Technical Expert Alen Robović Financial Expert Dr Zoran Blagojević Mayor Draženka Maksimović Head of Department Petrovo Municipality Vukadin Blagojević Team member Zoran Đuranović Team member Water and Sewerage Boban Panić Managing Director
Supervisory board Supervisory Utility Company Petrovo Mladen Vulić Team member Vladimir Potparević Technical Expert Branislav Erić Technical Expert Zdravko Stevanović Technical Expert Mirjana Blagovčanin Financial Expert Other Associates Željko Ivanović Financial Expert Milutin Petrović GIS Expert Bobana Pejčić Translator Željka Ivanović Translator
Project Manager: Managing Director:
Nebojša Budović, Civ. Eng. Vladimir Potparević, Civ. Eng.
Chapter: Registration 2 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Water Supply Study FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
1 REGISTRATION ...... 8 COMPANY LICENSE ...... 9 COMPANY REGISTRATION ...... 9
2 MASTER PLAN ...... 10 2.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 11 2.1.1 INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS ...... 11 2.1.2 GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 11 2.1.3 POPULATION ...... 13 2.1.4 ECONOMY ...... 14 2.1.5 TOURISM ...... 15 2.1.6 MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ...... 16 2.1.7 WATER SUPPLYING OF POPULATION AND INDUSTRY IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 18 2.1.8 BACKGROUNDS ...... 20 2.1.8.1 GEODETIC SURVEYING MAPS ...... 20 2.1.8.2 URBANISTIC BACKGROUNDS ...... 20 2.1.8.3 SPATIAL PLAN OF PETROVO MUNICIPALITY, 2008 ...... 20 2.1.8.4 STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY, 2010 ...... 20 2.1.9 PROJECT DOCUMENTATION ...... 20 2.1.10 OBJECTIVE AND ASSIGNMENT OF THE STUDY ...... 21 2.1.10.1 ASSIGNMENT 1: INCEPTION REPORT INCLUDING ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION ...... 21 2.1.10.2 ASSIGNMENT 2: WATER SUPPLY MASTER PLAN FOR PARTNER MUNICIPALITIES ...... 22 2.1.10.3 ASSIGNMENT 3: PRIORITIZED PLAN OF INVESTMENT MEASURES FOR THE PERIOD OF 10 YEARS ...... 23 2.1.10.4 ASSIGNMENT 4: FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PRIORITY INVESTMENT MEASURES ...... 23 2.2 POPULATION AND SPATIAL COVERAGE ...... 26 2.2.1 POPULATION ...... 26 2.2.1.1 POPULATION OF GIVEN AREA THROUGH HISTORY ...... 26 2.2.1.1.1 PETROVO ...... 26 2.2.1.1.2 KAKMUŽ ...... 27 2.2.1.1.3 SOČKOVAC ...... 28 2.2.1.1.4 KARANOVAC ...... 28 2.2.1.1.5 KRTOVA ...... 28 2.2.1.1.6 KALUĐERICA ...... 28 2.2.1.1.7 PORJEČINA ...... 28 2.2.1.2 CURRENT POPULATION AND PROJECTED POPULATION ...... 29 2.2.1.2.1 NATURAL AND MECHANICAL MOVEMENT ...... 29 2.2.1.2.2 POPULATION PROJECTION ...... 29 2.2.2 SPATIAL COVERAGE ...... 31 2.3 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ...... 32
Chapter: Registration 3 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 32 2.3.2 HYDROLOGICAL RESOURCES OF PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 34 2.3.2.1 RUNNING WATERS ...... 34 2.3.2.2 NATURAL SPRINGS ...... 34 2.3.2.3 CAPTURED NATURAL SPRINGS ...... 34 2.3.2.4 PLANNED NEW SOURCES AND CAPACITY INCREASE OF THE EXISTING SOURCES ...... 35 2.3.2.5 PLANNED NEW GROUNDWATER SOURCES ...... 36 2.3.3 PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ...... 39 2.3.3.1 SOURCES ...... 39 2.3.3.1.1 KALUĐERICA I AND II ...... 39 2.3.3.1.2 ŠPILJA ...... 40 2.3.3.1.3 SOURCES DJEDOVAC AND JAMA ...... 40 2.3.3.2 TRANSMISSION PIPELINES ...... 40 2.3.3.2.1 TRANSMISSION PIPELINE, "ŠPILJA" SOURCE, KALUĐERICA COLLECTION BASIN ...... 40 2.3.3.2.2 TRANSMISSION PIPELINE, KALUĐERICA COLLECTION BASIN - PETROVO RESERVOIR ...... 41 2.3.3.3 RESERVOIRS ...... 41 2.3.3.4 DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES ...... 42 2.3.3.5 CONSUMERS ...... 42 2.3.3.6 WATER PRODUCTION AND WATER CONSUMPTION ...... 42 2.3.4 KAKMUŽ – PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ...... 43 2.3.4.1 SOURCES ...... 44 2.3.4.2 RESERVOIRS ...... 46 2.3.4.3 MAIN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION PIPELINE ...... 47 2.3.4.4 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN KAKMUŽ SETTLEMENT AND PART OF PETROVO ...... 48 2.3.4.5 CONSUMERS ...... 48 2.3.4.6 WATER QUALITY ...... 48 2.3.4.7 WATER SUPPLYING OF OTHER SETTLEMENTS ...... 48 2.3.5 SOČKOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ...... 49 2.3.5.1 "VRELA" SOURCE ...... 49 2.3.5.2 TRANSMISSION PIPELINE ...... 49 2.3.5.3 RESERVOIRS ...... 49 2.3.5.4 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ...... 50 2.3.5.5 OTHER SOURCES ...... 52 2.3.5.6 OBJECTIVES ...... 52 2.3.5.7 WATER PRODUCTION AND WATER CONSUMPTION ...... 52 2.3.5.8 REGULATORY PLAN ...... 52 2.3.6 KARANOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ...... 54 2.3.6.1 SOURCES IN WSS KARANOVAC ...... 54 2.3.6.2 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM IN WSS KARANOVAC ...... 54 2.3.6.3 RESERVOIR ...... 54 2.3.6.4 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN WSS KARANOVAC ...... 55 2.3.6.5 WATER PRODUCTION AND WATER CONSUMPTION ...... 56 2.3.6.6 REGULATORY PLAN ...... 56 2.3.7 OVERALL DATA FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY...... 57 2.3.8 WATER PRODUCTION AND WATER CONSUMPTION ...... 59 2.4 ANALYSIS AND CAPACITY ASSESSMENT OF PARTNER MUNICIPALITY AND ASSOCIATED UTILITY COMPANY ...... 60 2.5 ANALYSIS OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 62 2.5.1 COVERAGE AREA OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 62 2.5.2 SOURCES AND BALANCE OF WATER QUANTITIES ...... 62 2.5.2.1 ABSTRACTED WATER QUANTITIES ...... 62 2.5.2.2 SOURCE PROTECTION AND WATER QUALITY ...... 63 2.5.2.3 WATER QUANTITY BALANCE IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 63 2.5.2.4 PROJECTED WATER REQUIREMENTS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 63 2.5.2.4.1 SPECIFIC WATER CONSUMPTION...... 63 2.5.2.4.2 PROJECTED POPULATION IN PLANNING PERIOD ...... 64 2.5.2.4.3 PROJECTED WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 65 2.5.3 RESERVOIRS ...... 75 2.5.3.1 PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – REQUIREMENTS FOR RESERVOIRS ...... 75 2.5.3.2 KAKMUŽ WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – REQUIREMENTS FOR RESERVOIRS...... 75 2.5.3.3 SOČKOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – REQUIREMENTS FOR RESERVOIRS ...... 76 2.5.3.4 KARANOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – REQUIREMENTS FOR RESERVOIRS ...... 76 2.5.3.5 PETROVO MUNICIPALITY – REQUIREMENTS FOR RESERVOIRS ...... 77
Chapter: Registration 4 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.5.4 PIPELINES IN THE SYSTEM ...... 77 2.5.4.1 TRANSMISSION PIPELINES ...... 79 2.5.4.1.1 PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – TRANSMISSION PIPELINES ...... 79 2.5.4.1.2 KAKMUŽ WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – TRANSMISSION PIPELINES ...... 79 2.5.4.1.3 SOČKOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – TRANSMISSION PIPELINES ...... 80 2.5.4.1.4 KARANOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – TRANSMISSION PIPELINES ...... 81 2.5.4.2 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ...... 82 2.5.5 BALANCE OF WATER QUANTITIES ...... 82 2.5.6 MEASUREMENTS IN THE SYSTEM ...... 83 2.5.7 HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 84 2.5.7.1 INTRODUCTION...... 84 2.5.7.2 INPUT DATA FOR HYDRAULIC MODEL ...... 84 2.6 REHABILITATION, RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 86 2.6.1 DISADVANTAGES IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 86 2.6.1.1 LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ...... 86 2.6.1.2 LACK OF SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS ...... 86 2.6.1.3 SOURCES ...... 87 2.6.1.4 LACK OF PLANNING PROJECT DOCUMENTATION – CONCEPTUAL SOLUTIONS AND HYDRAULIC MODEL ..... 87 2.6.1.5 HIGH PERCENTAGE OF LOSSES IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ...... 87 2.6.1.6 PIPELINES IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ...... 87 2.6.1.7 ZONING OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS ...... 88 2.6.1.8 WORN OUT PIPELINES AT HOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONS ...... 88 2.6.2 REHABILITATION OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 88 2.6.3 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT BY 2035 ...... 89 2.6.3.1 SPATIAL COVERAGE OF WSS PETROVO IN 2035 ...... 89 2.6.3.2 WATER SUPPLY SOURCES IN 2035 ...... 89 2.6.3.3 WATER REQUIREMENTS AT THE END OF PLANNING PERIOD BY THE YEAR 2035 ...... 91 2.6.3.4 SOLUTION CONCEPT FOR PLANNED WSS PETROVO FOR THE PLANNING PERIOD BY THE YEAR 2035 ...... 91 2.6.3.5 ESTIMATE OF REQUIRED FACILITIES IN PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ...... 93 2.7 PRICED BILL OF QUANTITIES ...... 95 2.7.1 SYSTEM REHABILITATION ...... 95 2.7.2 CONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN DISTRIBUTION TRANSMISSION PIPELINES ...... 95 2.7.2.1 RECONSTRUCTION OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN WSS KARANOVAC ...... 95 2.7.2.2 RECONSTRUCTION OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN WSS SOČKOVAC ...... 96 2.7.2.3 NEW TRANSMISSION PIPELINE OB2 WELL – PLANNED RESERVOIR – DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ...... 97 2.7.2.4 RECONSTRUCTION OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN WSS KAKMUŽ AND PETROVO ...... 97 2.7.3 REHABILITATION OF EXISTING RESERVOIRS AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW RESERVOIRS ...... 99 2.7.3.1 REHABILITATION OF CAPTURE STRUCTURES AND RESERVOIRS ...... 99 2.7.3.2 CONSTRUCTION OF NEW RESERVOIRS ...... 99 2.7.4 CONSTRUCTION OF CHLORINE STATIONS – GAS CHLORINATION ...... 99 2.7.5 OPENING OF NEW SOURCES ...... 99 2.7.6 SKADA REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM ...... 100 2.7.7 RECAPITULATION ...... 100 3 PRIORITIZED PLAN OF INVESTMENT MEASURES FOR THE PERIOD OF 10 YEARS ...... 101 3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 102 3.2 PRICED BILL OF QUANTITY FOR PRIORITIZED PLAN OF INVESTMENT MEASURES ...... 103 3.2.1 SYSTEM REHABILITATION ...... 103 3.2.2 CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW MAIN DISTRIBUTION TRANSMISSION PIPELINES ...... 103 3.2.3 REHABILITATION OF EXISTING RESERVOIRS AND CONSTRUCTION OF NEW RESERVOIRS ...... 103 3.2.3.1 REHABILITATION OF CAPTURE STRUCTURES AND RESERVOIRS ...... 103 3.2.3.2 CONSTRUCTION OF NEW RESERVOIRS ...... 104 3.2.4 CONSTRUCTION OF CHLORINE STATIONS – GAS CHLORINATION ...... 104 3.2.5 SKADA REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM ...... 104 3.2.6 RECAPITULATION ...... 105 3.3 FUNDING SOURCES ...... 106 3.3.1 MACROECONOMIC AVAILABILITY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ...... 106 3.3.1.1 INCREASING THE NUMBER OF USERS ...... 107 3.3.1.2 INCREASING THE WATER SUPPLY SERVICE COST ...... 107
Chapter: Registration 5 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
3.3.1.3 SAVINGS IN UTILITY COMPANY OPERATION ...... 114 3.3.2 SOCIAL ASPECTS OF INCREASING THE COST OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICES ...... 115 3.3.3 PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ABILITIES TO FINANCE THE WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS ...... 116 4 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PRIORITY INVESTMENTS ...... 119 4.1 IDENTIFYING TECHNICAL SCOPE FOR INVESTMENT MEASURES AND COST ASSESSMENT .120 4.2 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ...... 122 4.2.1 OPERATION EXPENSES OF UTILITY COMPANY ...... 122 4.2.2 COST RECOVERY PLAN ...... 122 4.3 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ...... 131 4.4 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND STRATEGY ...... 131 4.5 DYNAMIC PLAN ...... 132
5 APPENDICES ...... 133 APPENDIX 1: GENERAL MAP OF PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – THE CURRENT STATE .....134 APPENDIX 2: GENERAL MAP OF PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – THE PLANNED STATE .....134
TABLES:
TABLE 1: POPULATION BY SETTLEMENTS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY – THE 1991 CENSUS AND ESTIMATES FOR 2010 ...... 26 TABLE 2: INTERNAL MIGRATION IN MUNICIPALITY PETROVO, 2009 ...... 29 TABLE 3: NATURAL INCREASE IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY – 2009 ...... 29 TABLE 4: CHANGE IN POPULATION NUMBERS DURING THE LAST 5 YEARS ...... 29 TABLE 5: CHANGE IN POPULATION NUMBERS BY SETTLEMENTS IN THE PERIOD FROM 1971 TILL TODAY ...... 30 TABLE 6: POPULATION ESTIMATE FOR THE 2035 PLANNING PERIOD ...... 31 TABLE 7: EXISTING AND POTENTIAL SOURCES IN THE AREA OF PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 38 TABLE 8: TRANSMISSION PIPELINES IN WSS PETROVO ...... 41 TABLE 9: RESERVOIRS IN WSS PETROVO...... 41 TABLE 10: RESERVOIRS IN WSS KAKMUŽ ...... 47 TABLE 11: TRANSMISSION PIPELINES IN WSS KAKMUŽ ...... 48 TABLE 12: RESERVOIRS IN WSS SOČKOVAC ...... 50 TABLE 13: PIPELINES IN WSS SOČKOVAC ...... 50 TABLE 14: RESERVOIRS IN WSS KARANOVAC ...... 55 TABLE 15: PIPELINES IN WSS KARANOVAC ...... 55 TABLE 16: PIPELINE SUMMARY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 57 TABLE 17: RESERVOIRS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 57 TABLE 18: SOURCE SUMMARY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 58 TABLE 19: PRODUCED, REVENUE AND NON-REVENUE WATER QUANTITY ...... 59 TABLE 20: PRICE OF WATER IN 2010 ...... 61 TABLE 21: PLANNED PRICE FOR WATER IN 2015 ...... 61 TABLE 22: POPULATION SUPPLIED WITH WATER FROM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ...... 62 TABLE 23: POPULATION SERVICED FROM THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ...... 62 TABLE 24: PLANNED POPULATION GROWTH IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY - SUMMARY ...... 65 TABLE 25: PROGNOSIS OF PEAK DAILY WATER QUANTITIES IN PLANNING PERIOD BY 2035 ...... 67 TABLE 26: ESTIMATES OF REQUIRED WATER QUANTITIES FOR WSS PETROVO ...... 68 TABLE 27: ESTIMATES OF REQUIRED WATER QUANTITIES FOR WSS KAKMUŽ ...... 69 TABLE 28: ESTIMATES OF REQUIRED WATER QUANTITIES FOR WSS SOČKOVAC ...... 70 TABLE 29: ESTIMATES OF REQUIRED WATER QUANTITIES FOR WSS KARANOVAC ...... 71 TABLE 30: ESTIMATES OF REQUIRED WATER QUANTITIES FOR THE AREA OF PORJEČINE ...... 72 TABLE 31: ESTIMATES OF REQUIRED WATER QUANTITIES FOR THE AREA OF KRTOVA AND KALUĐERICA ...... 73 TABLE 32: ESTIMATES OF REQUIRED WATER QUANTITIES FOR THE AREA OF PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 74 TABLE 33: TRANSMISSION PIPELINES IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 81 TABLE 34: DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 82 TABLE 35: WATER BALANCE ...... 83 TABLE 36: BALANCE OF AVAILABLE WATER QUANTITIES AND REQUIREMENTS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 90 TABLE 37: REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER IN FUTURE WSS PETROVO – THE YEAR 2035 ...... 91 TABLE 38: REQUIRED RESERVOIR SPACE AT THE END OF PLANNING PERIOD BY 2035 ...... 93
Chapter: Registration 6 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
TABLE 39: PLANNED RESERVOIRS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 93 TABLE 40: AN OVERVIEW OF NEW PIPELINES, PIPELINE REPLACEMENT AND PIPELINES WHICH ARE BEING PUT OUT OF SERVICE ACCORDING TO HYDRAULIC MODEL IN 2035 ...... 94 TABLE 41: CURRENT COSTS OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE SERVICES ...... 107 TABLE 42: WATER SUPPLY EXPENSES EXPRESSED AS THE PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME ...... 111 TABLE 43: RECAPITULATION OF THE PRIORITY MEASURES PLAN ...... 120 TABLE 44: REVISED PLAN OF PRIORITY MEASURES ...... 121
SCHEMES:
SCHEME 1: WSS PETROVO – HYDRAULIC MODEL ...... 85 SCHEME 2: PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM SCHEME – PLANNED SOLUTION FOR 2035 ...... 92
FIGURES:
FIGURE 1: LAND USE – CURRENT SITUATION ...... 12 FIGURE 2: MAP OF PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ...... 18
Chapter: Registration 7 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
1 REGISTRATION
Chapter: Registration 8 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
COMPANY LICENSE
COMPANY REGISTRATION
Chapter: Registration 9 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2 MASTER PLAN
Chapter: Master Plan 10 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.1.1 INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS The issue of water supply in Petrovo municipality is solved via minor local water supply systems. Virtually every local community has its central water supply system and series of smaller system which supply a small number of inhabitants.
2.1.2 GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Petrovo municipality is located in the northeast part Petrovo Municipality of Bosnia and Herzegovina, i.e. in central part of Republic of Srpska, at the base of Ozren Mountain. It stretches at the north-eastern foot of Ozren Mountain, along the left bank of the Spreča River, bordering municipalities Doboj, Gračanica, Lukavac and Maglaj. Spreča River is the northern border of municipality while Mount Ozren makes southern border, with its highest peaks: Kraljica 883 meters, Krstata ploča 893 meters and Ostrvica 918 meters above see level to the southwest. In terms of terrain, 65% of municipal territory consists of hilly and mountainous areas that are slightly raised from 35% of flat part of Spreča field ending in the highest mountain peaks of Ozren. Spreča River flows through the municipality. Coat of Arms Municipal Borders Petrovo municipality covers an area of 131 km² and has 9,290 inhabitants i.e. 88.7 inhabitants per square kilometre. It is situated 25 km far from Doboj and belongs to the group of the underdeveloped municipalities in Republic of Srpska.
The area of Petrovo municipality includes seven settlements as follows: Petrovo, which is the only settlement with the urban characteristics, then Basic Information Kakmuž, Kaluđerica, Karanovac, Krtova, Porječina and Sočkovac. Local communities are established in Entity: Republic of Srpska each of the seven settlements. Petrovo is almost entirely rural area, except the small part of LC Area: 131 km² Petrovo where the administrative centre of municipality is situated and which has the greatest Population: 9..290 population density. Petrovo has moderate continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. Maximum precipitation occurs in the spring time and in early summer while minimum in early autumn. During the winter, the snow cover is abundant. In terms of geological structure in the territory of districts there are smaller deposits of asbestos ore, copper and coal. Settlements The area of Petrovo municipality consists of settlements as follows: Vasiljevci, Kakmuž, Kaluđerica, Karanovac, Krtova, Petrovo, Porječina, Sočkovac and Stupari.
Chapter: Master Plan 11 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Petrovo is the only settlement with urban characteristics and there has been established a local community in each settlement: LC Kakmuž, LC Kaluđerica, LC Karanovac, LC Krtova, LC Petrovo, LC Porječina, LC Sočkovac. The following settlements of pre-war municipalities have become the part of Republic of Srpska: Maglaj: Donja Paklenica, Gornja Paklenica, Osojnica, Rječica Donja, Rječica Gornja, Striježevica and Trbuk, as well as the parts of settlements: Brezici, Brusnica, Donji Rakovac, Kopice and Lugovi, Gračanica: Boljanić, Bosansko Petrovo Selo, Kakmuž, Karanovac, Porječina and Sočkovac, as well as the parts of settlements: Skipovac Donji and Skipovac Gornji, Lukavac: the parts of settlements: Krtova and Vasiljevci. These settlements form the municipality Petrovo. The official announcement of Petrovo municipality is determined by the Law on Serbian municipalities in FS Bosnia and Herzegovina, FSRY during the formation of Republic of Srpska on January 9, 1992, which has not been published in Official Gazette due to outbreak of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Reaffirmation of Petrovo municipality was conducted at the National Assembly of Republic of Srpska on 21 July 1993 by the law published in the Official Gazette of The Republic of Srpska No.12/93. Before this decision, settlements of Petrovo municipality belonged to Gračanica municipality and Maglaj municipality. The seat of municipality Petrovo was then called Bosansko Petrovo Selo.
Figure 1: Land Use – Current Situation In terms of terrain, 65% of municipal territory consists of hilly and mountainous areas that are slightly raised from 35% of flat part of Spreča field ending in the highest mountain peaks of Ozren. Its area is
Chapter: Master Plan 12 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
rich in various mineral resources such as asbestos, kaolin, brick clay, thermo mineral and alkaline water, as well as some noble, still insufficiently investigated metals. Although Petrovo municipality is one of the extremely underdeveloped municipalities in the Republic of Srpska, it has seen strong growth and development in the last few decades, primarily due to favourable geographical position and great natural wealth of its close surrounding.
2.1.3 POPULATION The population of Petrovo municipality is predominantly rural, unevenly distributed, with greater concentration in plain and hilly terrain. The ethnic structure of population has slightly changed compared to the data of the last, official census from 1991. Besides large-scale migration, caused by war, and later the lack of economic and development perspective, another key demographic feature of municipality is unfavourable trend of negative population growth.1 According to the 1991 census, settlements Petrovo, Kakmuž, Karanovac, Porječina and Sočkovac had 8 403 inhabitants. Until 1992 Petrovo municipality had mainly labour force population with additional engagement in agricultural activities. By this time most of the population was employed in industrialized Tuzla basin, and in the area of current Petrovo municipality in companies for exploiting and processing of asbestos in Petrovo, the production of brick products in Sočkovac, exploitation and timber processing in Petrovo and Karanovac, the use of thermo mineral water and production of liquid carbon monoxide in Kakmuž, manufacturing of building structures and elements in Petrovo, the production of blown plastic containers in Kakmuž and poultry farms in Karanovac and Porječina. In the area of current Petrovo municipality the tourism has also been developed with beautiful mountain scenery of Ozren and Monastery of St. Nicholas from 13th century in the centre of Mount Ozren, in today’s settlement Kaluđerica, along with restaurants and tourist facilities. There are currently around 9,290 inhabitants (4,741 M/ 4,549 F) in the municipality, of which 1,196 persons are minors. According to data from the Institute for Statistics of Republic of Srpska and Petrovo Municipality, 51 (29M/22F) babies were born in the municipality in 2004 while in 2005 this number dropped to 40 (22M/18F). Then the number of births, compared to the previous year, increased to 45 (21M/24F), while in 2007 dropped again to 40 (23M/17F). During 2008, number of new-born babies has risen again to 46 (21M/25F), and that trend continued during 2009 when 49 babies were born (33M/16F).2 From the above stated, we can conclude that Petrovo municipality has the annual average of 45 new- born babies (25M/20F). It is estimated that in 2010 the number of new-borns is higher in comparison with previous period. Municipality Petrovo has 1,196 minors (616 M/580 F) aged 0 to 18 years. Petrovo municipality belongs to underdeveloped municipalities in Republic of Srpska. In 2004, from 1 215 employees in Petrovo municipality as much as 43% are employed outside economy. According to Employment Agency data, there are 1,331 registered unemployed persons (715 M/616 F) in Petrovo Municipality. Medical Centre 'Ozren', Petrovo offers primary health care for population in territory of Petrovo municipality, while hospital treatment is provided by the General Hospital 'St. Luke the Apostle' in Doboj. Primary school has 508 students (257M/251F) and secondary school 118 students (58M/60F). To the best knowledge of Petrovo Municipality, there are estimates that in 2008 there were 190 students, and now there are 200.
1 Source: ’Strategic Development Plan for Petrovo Municipality(2007-2012)“ 2 Source: Institute for Statistics of Republic of Srpska and Petrovo Municipality
Chapter: Master Plan 13 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
In both primary schools and in secondary school there has been a slight decrease in number of students.3
2.1.4 ECONOMY Due to the favourable geographical position and great natural wealth of its close surrounding Petrovo has seen strong growth and development especially in the last few decades. Economic base has steadily been improved by construction of new industrial and infrastructural facilities, increasing production and export. In plain parts of municipality the most common crops are corn, wheat, barley, oats, rye and others. On the hilly parts the fruit production is developed, along with livestock, poultry, etc. The dominant branch of economy makes wood processing. Lately, more and more companies are dealing with plastic processing. In parallel with these activities, other branches of economy have been developed such as construction, transport, trade, crafts, tourism and other economic activities. Concerning the industrial resources, municipality’s best known company is the former asbestos mine and liquid gas factory Tehnogas Kakmuž. Although Petrovo municipality is one of extremely underdeveloped municipalities in Republic of Srpska, its area is rich in various mineral resources such as asbestos, kaolin, brick clay, thermo mineral and alkaline water, as well as some noble, still insufficiently investigated metals. Municipality Petrovo takes significant steps towards achieving its goals in the realisation of development plans and completing the overall image of municipality by establishing all local and state authorities and relevant institutions. In municipality Petrovo it was built a Public Safety Station, new post office, many banks are opened, High school centre with around 120 students in multiple occupation (other students attend classes in schools in Doboj), there are two primary schools with local departments in all settlements and around 700 students, there is a Health Centre, Woodlands Doboj – Petrovo Forest Administration. There is also a number of very successful companies: Wood processing „Ilić“ Karanovac, „PRENJA“ Karanovac „Momac-Drvo“ Petrovo, „Metal-Prom“ Kakmuž, „PEJIĆ KOMPANI“ Petrovo, „Radeljić“ Petrovo, „Eco Line“ Petrovo, „HGP“Petrovo, „OZREN PROM“ Petrovo, „TMD“ Petrovo -Karanovac, „LIMEKS“ Karanovac, „POL KOMERC“ Karanovac, „Tehnogas-Kakmuž“ Kakmuž, „Duvaplast“ Kakmuž, „Plastika Božić“ Sočkovac, „PANAIR SISTEM“ Sočkovac, „SAS KOMERC“ Sočkovac, etc. Development of Petrovo municipality is directed towards the exploitation of mineral resources, especially thermo-mineral water and liquid carbon monoxide, as well as the development of tourism. In addition, existing exploitation of forests and wood processing, production of construction elements contributes to the significant development of Petrovo municipality. Development of animal husbandry and agriculture has been particularly emphasized in recent years: poultry, milk production, greenhouse production and fruit growing. The main facilities are wood-processing industry, light chemical industry, animal husbandry and production of construction materials. The most common is wood-processing industry (ten companies), from primary to final processing of wood. The second most common activity is processing of plastic (four companies). The area of Petrovo municipality is abundant in natural resources. It is rich in forests, asbestos deposits, gas, thermo mineral water and polimineral clay. This is just a part of natural resources (there is a prepared document ‘mapping of natural resources’ with a list of all known mineral resources). Land of Sprečansko field is suitable for growing wheat, corn, cabbage, while in the area that stretches from railway tracks towards the heights of Mount Ozren fruits are thriving especially apples, plums, pears, sour cherries and cherries. There are excellent conditions for raising livestock. Everything is there, but little is operational. In addition to arable land and forest resources, which are undoubted resources of this area, we should point out unique mineral resources. A common characteristic for
3 Source: ’Strategic Development Plan for Petrovo Municipality(2007-2012)
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almost all natural and mineral resources which are at the disposal of Petrovo municipality is their insufficient research on the one hand, and negligible economic effect, on the other.
Basic economic activities are as follows: rural type agriculture with something more developed poultry, initial dairy cattle breeding, traditional farming, greenhouse production, etc., traditional industry sectors: brick industry, semi-final and final wood processing, exploitation of thermo-mineral water and liquid CO2, production of building construction and concrete elements, blown and moulded plastic packaging, and other economic activities in the area of services, trade, transport, catering and craft.
When we exclude public sector, a dynamic review of employment by sectors shows a strong dominance of manufacturing industry. Participation of other sectors is almost negligible. A similar situation exists with financial indicators (situation in 2004). Manufacturing is thus the dominant economic sector, both in terms of employment and in terms of financial indicators. Other sectors are significantly lagging behind. Industrial companies, in turn, do not have the necessary level of business competitiveness and competitiveness of products, in order to provide real need of employment and development in Petrovo municipality. Although the export-import ratio was excellent for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s context, unfavourable is the trend that shows a drop in export, and import growth in 2005.
A slight increase of budget revenues was recorded in the period from 2001 to 2004. The increase is the result of continuous growth in tax revenues and realized credit loans. Non-tax revenues had the reverse trend, with fluctuations. Oscillations are also characteristic of an item of current and capital assistance and gains, but also much less achievement than planned. It is obvious that the municipal budget will not be able to provide expected high level of financing development projects and capital investment for construction of utility and other infrastructure. On the other hand, it is important to provide a much better financial management than in the past, but also introduce long-term financial planning , and municipality Petrovo is making great efforts to achieve this goals (adopted “Capital Investment Plan 2010-2015“).
Ozren Mountain is rich in natural resources, especially with healthy drinking water with sources in the ecologically preserved environment, thermal mineral waters with healing properties, and other mining and mineral resources.
2.1.5 TOURISM Ozren Monastery was founded in late 13th century and from then until today monastery is the centre of religious life of Orthodox Serbs at Ozren and elsewhere. The monastery was built by Serbian King Dragutin from the line of Nemanjići, which at that time ruled in the area of Usora and Soli (parts of present-day northern Bosnia). In the past, in the area of present-day Petrovo municipality, tourism was developed offering beautiful scenery of Mount Ozren and Monastery of St. Nicholas from 13th century located in the mountain centre, today’s settlement Kaluđerica, as well as restaurants and tourist facilities.
The area of Petrovo municipality is famous for traditional folk events and preservation of ethnological folk customs and culture.4
During the summer, when the cultural events in municipality are more frequent, the number of tourist is increased, as well as during the great national gathering for Velika Gospojina (Assumption Feast) on 28 August at the historically famous monastery ‘St. Nikolas’ in Ozren, but also during various cultural manifestation, such as Easter cross country running and mountain marathon. Singing songs typical for this area, playing famous Ozren games and wearing Ozren costumes, population of Petrovo
4 Source: „Strategic Development Plan for Petrovo Municipality (2007-2012)“
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municipality is developing tradition of Ozren area, which contributes to the development of tourism in the municipality.
During above-mentioned cultural events, many young people participate in these activities, as members of existing cultural and artistic associations, NGOs and other associations.
5 2.1.6 MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
The Municipal Assembly of Petrovo made a ‘Strategic Development Plan of Petrovo municipality (2007-2012)’ to encourage improvement of quality of life of its citizens.
The vision of the Municipality is „Petrovo 2020 – within the developed municipalities’ category“. Within this vision Petrovo municipality will be recognizable for its good living conditions and lucrative business opportunities, healthy, rejuvenated, progressive community with a steady demographic growth, with around 1,000 entrepreneurial family businesses and sustainable households and with over 100 growing small and medium size companies, offering good quality employment opportunities and investments in social infrastructure, a community living in a complete harmony with natural and spiritual richness of Ozren mountain. To achieve the vision of Petrovo municipality, which aims at overall improvement of conditions in the municipality, the five set strategic goals should be reached: 1. Built physical and business infrastructure for development of small and medium enterprises; 2. Built family and rural entrepreneurship with the market oriented agricultural production; 3. Economically exploited natural resources and tourism potentials based on the sustainable development concept; 4. Significantly improved utility and social infrastructure; 5. Demographically rehabilitated and rejuvenated community, with competitive human resources and developed youth entrepreneurship. One of the goals within the Petrovo municipality vision points out the importance of improving utility and social infrastructure. SWOT analysis allocated undeveloped utility infrastructure as one of the weaknesses of Petrovo municipality. Analysis of the municipal budget showed that it is obvious that the municipal budget will not be able to provide expected level of financing development projects and capital investment for construction of utility and other infrastructure. For this reason, it is important to provide a much better financial management than in the past, but also introduce long-term financial planning. Also, the existing level of social, cultural and sporting life is far below the quality of life necessary for ambitious development of municipality and its demographic rejuvenation. Implementation of activities in the improvement of utility and social infrastructure implies a gradual building of utility, social, cultural and sporting infrastructure and significant enrichment of social, cultural and sporting life, which will make Petrovo municipality a pleasant place to live and visit. Realization of this goal will significantly contribute to retaining young people in Petrovo municipality as one of the main prerequisites for achieving the next goal related to the rejuvenated community and creating competitive human resources.
5 Source: „Strategic Development Plan for Petrovo Municipality (2007-2012)“
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Chapter: Master Plan 17 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Figure 2: Map of Petrovo Municipality
2.1.7 WATER SUPPLYING OF POPULATION AND INDUSTRY IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY The following text provides description of the system from the Terms of Reference. Strategic – planning documents Organization/Institution is required to align Study of water supply of Municipality Petrovo with the following documents: o Development strategy of Municipality Petrovo (2007-2012); o Municipal Action Plan (2009-2011); o Spatial plan of Municipality Petrovo (under way). Beside listed strategic planning documents, the Organization/Institution will have access to all other spatial planning documents such as zoning plans and projects, regulation plans, plotting plans, etc. Organization/Institution can use and take over the results, reports and findings of the listed documents or request to perform additional research subject to approval of the municipality. Studies, projects and layers Organization/Institution will have access to and can use the following document: o Project for reconstruction of water network Kakmuž-Petrovo, Institute for waters, Bijeljina (2007). There are no projects or studies related to water resources and their protection. All existing documents relevant for engineering will be available in either soft or hard copy form. Current condition of water supply within Municipality Petrovo Water supply of all customers in the urban areas of municipality is ensured via reaching water from 4 main sources (Kaluđerica Petrovo, Jama Petrovo and Kakmuž Petrovo). Besides that, there are several independent water supply systems in the rural parts within the following local communities: Karanovac, Sočkovac and Kakmuž. All systems in Petrovo’s network are gravitational except for one part in Kaluđerica where there is a need for pumping. Management, use and maintenance of public water network are responsibility of Public Company Komunalo Petrovo established in 1990. Besides public network, there are several local water supply systems as listed above. These systems are not under control of responsible legal institution. System in Karanovac is managed by association of citizens while other systems are managed by Local Communities. Water utility company takes care of 961 connections within public network in Petrovo (898 households and 63 enterprises). Public network covers around 28% of population while 72% of customers residing in rural parts are supplied from local systems. Water utility company does not perform measurements of physical losses in the network. It is estimated that total amount of unaccounted water is 70%. Length of distributive public network is 15 km. Dominant pipe material is AC covering 50% of network. PVC covers 48% of the network (28% of relatively new pipes and 20% of older pipes) while remaining 2% of network is covered by cast iron. Quality of raw spring water on sources is satisfactory except on Jama Petrovo with occasional occurrence of mud after precipitation. Water is disinfected at all reservoirs. Water quality control is performed by Institute for Health Protection Doboj.
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The most significant problems related to operation of water supply system are as follows: 1. High percentage of uncounted quantities of water (losses). 2. Dilapidated distribution network and low quality of installed materials along with unplanned expansion of network. 3. Inadequate pipe diameters cause big line losses resulting in reduced flow and pressure drop especially during summer months. 4. Water quality at source Jama Petrovo varies – large catchment areas, water conditioning is not performed except disinfection by chlorine – there is no regular monitoring of water quality. 5. Automatic monitoring and control of system (telemetry) is not in place causing increased network maintenance costs. 6. There are several water supply subsystems that are not finalized in technical sense and they are not submitted to the management of water utility company resulting in unsafe water supply in rural areas.
Initial engineering data6 are: - Average daily water abstraction is 1,400 m3/day - Average daily consumption of industry is 50 m3/day - Average total water consumption per capita 131 l/per/day
Organization/Institution should accept these parameters as preliminary and come to final proposal upon detail analysis.
Distribution of water in Petrovo municipality is uneven. Residents and economy of Petrovo municipality do not have satisfactory potable water supply due to lack or obsolete existing water supply systems. Water supply systems are not adequate and do not fully satisfy the needs of the municipal population. This problem particularly affects the population in central part of municipality that is lacking sufficient amounts of drinking water in water supply system, and private wells do not have safe water because of population density and lack of sewerage network. Public Enterprise „Komunal“ which was dissolved and then re-established during the Study drafting and which employs 10 persons, provides maintenance services of water supply system and delivery of water for 4 local communities (Petrovo, Porječina, Kaluđerica and Krtova). In these 4 local communities the company services 961 households, which on the average have three members each, which indicate, according to estimates, that the company services 2883 users. According to information obtained by Petrovo Municipality, in the remaining three local communities (Karanovac, Sočkovac and Kakmuž) maintenance of water supply system and water delivery are responsibility of citizens’ associations. In the three aforementioned local communities, public water supply covers total of 977 households. PE „Komunal“Petrovo also provides services of garbage disposal. Sanitary–epidemiological services at Healthcare Centre „Ozren“ in Petrovo municipality, among other activities, performs water testing, but this service has no specialist. Duties of specialist are being performed by technician. Since Petrovo Municipality has a problem of drinking water, solid results are achieved in the field of preventive healthcare of infectious diseases. Sanitary-epidemiological service, in the framework of its duties and job descriptions, performs regular vaccination and systematic examination of children, and they have not registered any forms of epidemic.
6 Data available for public network only.
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The occupational structure in PE „Komunal“ is given below:
Seq.No. Employed Staff Total 1 MSc of Mechanical Engineering 1 2 Economist 1 3 Mechanical Technician 1 4 Machinist 1 Grammar school – a specialist of certain 5 1 duties 6 Skilled Welder 1 7 Driver 1 8 Low-skilled Worker 3
Total number of employees: 10
2.1.8 BACKGROUNDS Backgrounds for draft of the Master plan are as follows:
2.1.8.1 GEODETIC SURVEYING MAPS For the purpose of drafting the Master plan, geodetic maps of Petrovo area were used with a scale of 1:25 000 and surveying maps scale of 1:2,500 and 1:1,000.
2.1.8.2 URBANISTIC BACKGROUNDS Spatial plan of this area was developed in 1996 and served as a main background for Conceptual Design of water supply system.
2.1.8.3 SPATIAL PLAN OF PETROVO MUNICIPALITY, 2008 Spatial Plan was drafted by the Institute for Urbanism of Republic of Srpska j.s.c. Banja Luka, 2008. The Spatial Plan provides among other things the chapter on population and population projections for the period by 2015. Some hydro technical infrastructure data were also presented in this Spatial Plan.
2.1.8.4 STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY, 2010 Strategic Development Plan was drafted shortly before developing Feasibility Study.
2.1.9 PROJECT DOCUMENTATION PROJECT DOCUMENTATION– CONCEPTUAL DESIGN Conceptual design has never been developed for water supply of municipality which must be a priority in the future.
"WATER MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY – REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA" This study gave an overview of existing and planned water sources in the area of municipality. Project documentation was developed by "Vodobiro" from Gračanica, 2009.
"MAIN PROJECT – WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ŠPILJA"
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Project was developed by "Vodobiro" from Gračanica
"MAIN PROJECT – WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM PETROVO – CAPTURING AND CONVEYING WATER FROM THE SOURCE "DJEDOVAC" AND "JAMA " Project was developed by "Vodobiro" from Gračanica, 2002.
"CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR WATER SUPPLY PIPELINE FROM MONASTERY OZREN TO THE RESERVOIR IN BOSANSKO PETROVO SELO " Project was developed by "Institute for water management - Spreča" from Tuzla, 1983. "MAIN PROJECT FOR WATER SUPPLY PIPELINE FROM MONASTERY OZREN TO THE RESERVOIR IN BOSANSKO PETROVO SELO " Project was developed by "Institute for water management - Spreča" from Tuzla, 1984.
"MAIN PROJECT OF RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SOURCE "VOLUJAK 1 AND 2", RESERVOIR VOLUJAK AND MAIN TRANSMISSION PIPELINE FROM THE SOURCE VOLUJAK TO URBAN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK WITH ASSOCIATED FACILITIES” Project was developed by "Institute for water management Ltd. " Bijeljina, 2008. Project documentation for Karanovac and Sočkovac.
2.1.10 OBJECTIVE AND ASSIGNMENT OF THE STUDY
2.1.10.1 ASSIGNMENT 1: INCEPTION REPORT INCLUDING ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION As part of the Inception report, the consultant will handle the following: a) Current situation analysis: - defining the area covered by the water supply service and specifying the number of users and connections in each relevant category, i.e. households in individual residential units, households in collective residential units, industry, public institutions, businesses, farms for raising cattle, chickens... - analysis of consumption, or needs for water; overview of current situation by user category, average consumption per inhabitant, needs of industry and cattle-raising, public consumption; analysis of the quantities of captured water at the sources and assessment of total losses. - description of existing network, including sources and water supply zones, measure of protection of sources, water treatment, water quality, length, diameter and material of main water pipes, reservoir space, pumping and re-pumping stations, including installed equipment and any other technical characteristics of the water supply network; - map of existing systems, facilities and assets; - assessment of system components in terms of capacities, efficiency, performance, reliability, adequacy, maintenance practices, age and quality of material and equipment, quality and quantity of raw water at the sources and treated water at the sources and in the network, source protection measures... - description and assessment of the management system, assessment of losses by water supply zones; - assessment of the functioning of the water supply network; - analysis and assessment of the capacities of the partner municipality and associated Water Utility Company in terms of management and running the existing and future infrastructural facilities, considering technical capacities, human and financial resources. The
Chapter: Master Plan 21 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Consultant should make a critical assessment of the current management of the system, human resources, organization, availability of technical equipment, operation and maintenance concept. Where necessary, the Consultant should identify a need for future reforms, capacity building and propose concepts for future management (organization, needs for human resources, needs for equipment, enhancement of operation and maintenance...); - socio-economic situation, financial analysis of the company's operation, analysis of current tariff system; - analysis of institutional and legal regulatory framework – laws, regulations, rule books, standards, norms and directives which will be applied during the drafting of the Study and with which the Study will be aligned. a) Analysis of development projects, studies, project solutions and harmonization of development of water supply systems with development plans and projects.
2.1.10.2 ASSIGNMENT 2: WATER SUPPLY MASTER PLAN FOR PARTNER MUNICIPALITIES Water Supply Master Plan contains the following elements: a) Demographic projection for the planning period of 20 years based on an analysis of strategic planning documentation from the aspect of ensuring necessary quantities of drinking water and industrial water. Defining the area covered by the water supply service provided via water utility company and specification of the number of users and connections in each relevant category, i.e. households in individual residential units, households in collective residential units, industry, public institutions, businesses, farms for raising cattle, chickens...Defining potential scenarios for development of the areas, number of inhabitants and industrial, commercial and public activities; b) Balance of available and required water quantities for the 20 year planning period (drinking and industrial water). Capacities of available resources. Assessment of future needs for the planning period by zones and consumption groups. Assessment of possibility to provide industrial water from alternative sources (pumping water from water flows, using sources that cannot be used for drinking...). c) Quality of drinking water at the sources and in the network. Detailed analysis and interpretation of existing physical and chemical and bacteriological findings. Sampling and extended physical and chemical and bacteriological analyses of water from the sources on three occasions in the course of drafting the Study in different hydrological conditions. Interpretation of all results and proposal of measures – types of water treatment for each of the listed sources. d) Drafting two to three variants of conceptual solutions for the water supply system which ensure achievement of the overall goal in the 20 year planning period, including cost assessment, investment into construction, management and maintenance. Long-term financial comparisons of proposed solutions and proposal for adoption of one of the solutions. The conceptual solution should define the complete system, including water source, water treatment, main pipelines, pumping and re-pumping stations, reservoir capacity and other system elements. For each solution, the Consultant will provide hydraulic modelling. e) Macro-available assessment and socio-economic analysis, investment capability to invest into the water supply system. The Consultant should asses the macro-available amount of investment for implementation of measures. This indicative value will lead the Consultant in the definition of an acceptable technical framework of measures. The total price should include the cost of investment and reinvestment, cost of functioning and maintenance and cost of general management.
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The assessment of macro-availability should be based on the assessment of the real capacity of users within local community to pay, which will be based on a socio-economic analysis, including all users (households, commercial, industrial and institutional), with a view to having an integrated approach to water supply systems, sewage systems and waste water treatment. An assessment of overall capacities in terms of community contribution should be made for the period used in the Master Plan, based on the current situation and results of the socio- economic evaluation, assessment of household reception needs and a projection of commercial and industrial development. These scenarios should be studied: „optimistically“, „averagely“ and „pessimistically“. Each scenario should contain a forecast of the state, entity, cantonal and municipal gross product in absolute values and in percentages of the GDP and gross income per capita in partner municipality. The analysis of availability should end with an assessment of users’ will to pay for water supply, sewage system and waste water treatment services. This assessment should be based on existing data, including all user categories. User community’s will and their contribution capacities should be taken into account, which may give rise to a situation that the necessary investments would be carried out in time phases. f) Long-term water supply development plan. The plan will be based on the adopted concept – conceptual solution with defined water management facilities, water supply delineated by systems, zones and subzones, calculated maximum needs for water, defined water treatment at source locations, locations and capacities of reservoirs, pumping and re-pumping stations, main pipelines, hydraulic calculations, management system and other technical elements. The long-term development plan will identify facilities and costs and provide criteria for prioritization of the project, including risk assessment and mitigation of consequences for realization of full efficiency of the project.
2.1.10.3 ASSIGNMENT 3: PRIORITIZED PLAN OF INVESTMENT MEASURES FOR THE PERIOD OF 10 YEARS On the basis of the criteria developed in the long-term water supply plan and taking into consideration macro-available assessment and investment capability, the Consultant will define: o Prioritized project list with dynamic implementation plan; o Funding sources (delineated external and internal funding sources), time lines, expected outputs and risks in implementation.
2.1.10.4 ASSIGNMENT 4: FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PRIORITY INVESTMENT MEASURES Inception and implementation of this stage will follow as a result of the findings of the Master Plan. For the priority investment component/components identified as investment measure/measures, the Consultant should ensure that adequate considerations and alternative solutions are given. The Consultant should pay special attention to the assumptions for engineering (input data) and ensure that designing of plants and networks is in accordance with the current situation and realistic forecasts. The Consultant will be asked to draft a Feasibility Study for the proposed priorities for the investment measure(s) in order to prove that the proposed solutions are the best possible solutions feasible in the planned period. The Feasibility Study should consider all technical, socio-economic, financial and environmental aspects of measures. The Consultant should ensure that the partner municipality and associated Water Utility Company, authorities responsible for issuing permits/ licenses, as well as all other parties be informed on the progress of the Feasibility Study.
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Subassignment 1- Identifying technical scope for investment measures The Consultant should prepare a short summary of the technical scope of work for identification of investment measures and submit it to all interested parties for discussion (Project Steering Board, Working Group or any other interested party for which the Consultant considers it is necessary to be included). The short summary should be detailed enough to describe the background, proposed solutions and possible benefits/enhancements. The summary should be corroborated with location maps and drawings where necessary. Subassignment 2 - Cost assessment After an appropriate technical solution is made, which will lead to the goals of investment measures, the Consultant should ensure that the protection measures, network and facilities are designed in line with the assumed projection. It also needs to be ensured that the proposed technical solutions are the best value for money during the operational period of the facilities and network. The cost assessment should be based on a conceptual solution. An accurate cost assessment is an important element of the Feasibility Study. It should show clearly unforeseen physical and financial situations in the course of implementation / construction. Subassignment 3- Financial analysis The Consultant will be required to construct a financial model which will cover the exploitation period of the project (10 year period). The financial model should contain all elements of costs, capital expenditures, all additional operational costs and maintenance costs. The analysis of cost recovery should contain an assessment of investment costs, operation and maintenance and an assessment of expected revenues based on specification of tariffs to be applied to main user categories (households, commercial, industrial). These revenues should cover, as a minimum, investment, operation and maintenance costs, as well as costs of depreciation of the building, assets and equipment. It will probably be possible to increase tariffs during the project implementation period. There are specified and acceptable limitations in terms of maximum percentage of the financial load on households' income (it is usually 3-5% of the household income for water supply services and collection and treatment of waste waters, based on instructions of the Council of Europe). The financial system needs to be used to determine appropriate adjustments of policies and tariffs/prices, which will ensure financial sustainability of water utility company operation, provide enough room to those providing loans and ensure that tariffs remain within acceptable boundaries and are raised each year up to acceptable limits. The Consultant should consider impact of all agreed and specified types of subsidies for socially excluded categories (differential prices according to revenues, subsidies by the partner municipality...). Results of the analysis should manifest through several indicators (e.g. financial internal return rate and net current value). The Consultant should discuss the interpreted indicators generated by the financial model and stated assumptions with the UNDP/MDG-F, partner municipality, associated Water Utility Companies and other parties the Consultant thinks need to be involved in this project phase. The financial analysis will show sustainability of the proposed investment measures(s) in different scenarios. It should also contain an assessment of work of the Water Utility Company in charge of rendering services of water supply and the burden the proposed investment measure(s) can cause with their financial adjustment. This assessment should contain a projection of cash flow which is based on a sensible assumption of cost recovery, examine under which circumstances the Water Utility Company will have sufficient resources to render services, maintain the system and realize investments in the future. Subassignment 4 - Economic analysis The economic impact should be described in a quantifying form, as much as possible. Economic benefit, together with social, environmental and health benefits, generated by the Project should be
Chapter: Master Plan 24 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
described. If all relevant expenses and benefits could be quantified, the results of the analysis should be presented with the use of accepted indicators, such as financial and internal return rate, net current value, and benefit – cost ratio. It is usually difficult to quantify all economic benefits of an infrastructural project. In this case, other kinds of quantifying analyses can be used such as multi-criterion analysis and cost effectiveness analysis. The cost effectiveness analysis should presume that the Project should achieve the level of rendering services and standards set by relevant environmental analyses. Therefore, relevant EU standards can be treated as objective goals that need to be achieved with optimal economic effectiveness during the operational period of the project. Subassignment 5 - Preliminary assessment of environmental impact The preliminary assessment of environmental impact will be performed in accordance with the Rule Book on production plants requiring a mandatory environmental impact assessment and plants that may be built and become operational only with an environmental approval. The Consultant will be obliged to analyse the environmental impact of the works that should be undertaken within the Project and verify whether the works can lead to soil degradation, jeopardize the sources and water courses, environment and natural habitats, as well as neighbouring areas. Subassignment 6 - Implementation plan and strategy The Consultant will be obliged to prepare an implementation plan and strategy for investment measure(s) which the study proves to be feasible. The implementation plan should contain: - Deadlines to carry out implementation measures with mandatory accompanying management and maintenance measures, - Management of implementation of investment measures, - Financial plan and funding sources, - Technical standards and alignment with development projects, - Public procurement procedures, - Monitoring and reporting systems.
Chapter: Master Plan 25 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.2 POPULATION AND SPATIAL COVERAGE
2.2.1 POPULATION
2.2.1.1 POPULATION OF GIVEN AREA THROUGH HISTORY
Chapter 2.1.1 INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS provides basic information about Petrovo Municipality and municipal settlements. Water Supply Study covers the area of Petrovo Municipality. Since the last population census was conducted in 1991, there are no precise data on current number of inhabitants for both municipality and settlements, still, the data obtained from the municipality authorities can be taken with high degree of certainty. The table below gives population by settlements for 1991 (list of settlements that stayed within Petrovo Municipality after division of municipality) and for 2009 (estimate).
The following table shows the number of inhabitants according to the 1991 census, settlements that belonged as a whole to Petrovo municipality and population estimates for 2010. Table 1: Population by Settlements in Petrovo Municipality – The 1991 Census and Estimates for 2010
Seq. Population estimates for 2010 Settlement 1991Census number Voters Population 1 Sočkovac 1.121 826 1.120 2 Karanovac 1.178 967 1.311 3 Kakmuž 2.398 1.771 2.402 4 Porječina 819 554 751 5 Krtova 290 293 397 6 Kaluđerica 133 143 194 7 Petrovo Selo 2.919 2.296 3.114 Population Total: 8.858 6.850 9.290
Population is the one of the most important input parameters in all planning documents when it comes to any kind of calculations/estimates. Unfortunately, population data based on census does not exist, thus we are dealing here only with the estimates. The last population census was conducted in 1991. In this way, statistical series of data were lost and if we add to this population movements in the last 20 years conditioned by war and other factors, we can conclude that all the estimates of demographic development are based on very rough estimates.
Currently, there are around 9.290 inhabitants (4,741M/ 4,549F) in the municipality. Out of this number 1,196 persons are minors.
The text below gives a short description of local communities.
2.2.1.1.1 PETROVO Petrovo (former Bosansko Petrovo Selo) is urban settlement in the Petrovo municipality. The following table provides an overview of population from 1971 to 1991.
Population of Petrovo settlement Census year 1991 1981 1971 Number of inhabitants 2,919 2,856 2,514
Chapter: Master Plan 26 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Currently, in LC Petrovo live 3,114 inhabitants.
2.2.1.1.2 KAKMUŽ Kakmuž is a village and local community in Petrovo municipality with around 2,400 inhabitants. Kakmuž village is located on the left side of the river Spreča, at the base of Ozren Mountain. In the southwest of the settlement is the Mount Volujak (489 m), and through the village flows a small river Kamenička rijeka, tributary of the river Spreča. The elevation of the village is from 150 to 489 meters. Kakmuž village is a local community in Petrovo municipality (Republic of Srpska), which covers the north-eastern part of Ozren mountain. It is bordered by three villages in municipality: Petrovo, Sočkovac,Kaluđerica. Across the river Spreča, there is the settlement Gračanica which belongs to Federation of BiH. Rural district covers an area of 28.4 km². Like other Ozren villages, it consists of lower, plain part in the valley of Spreča, and upper, in the hills. The settlement is of a spontaneous type and concentrated on transition between lowland into hilly and mountainous area. It consists of: Pjeskulje, Aluge, Potočani, Stublić, Bare, Volujak, Sredina, Ivanovići, Mekiljica, Međaš, Lugovi and Slatina. The river Kamenička rijeka flows through the territory of district, along with several smaller flows, bigger or smaller streams. In Kakmuž, there are remains of spa "Terme - Ozren", which was before the last war known for thermo-mineral water suitable for treatment of numerous diseases. During the war, the spa was severely damaged and now it is out of order. The spa is located near the carbon-dioxide factory that produces technical gas CO2 from thermo-mineral water. The whole area of Ozren mountain is known for healing springs and clean air. The name of the village comes from Kakmuža Odramčića, whose name appears in the charter of Bosnian Ban Matije Ninoslava in 1269. Village of the same name exist in the east Herzegovina. The following table gives an overview of population from 1971 to 1991.
Population of Kakmuž settlement Census year 1991 1981 1971 Number of inhabitants 2,398 2,218 2,020
The current population of Kakmuž makes around 2,400, and population density is 92 inhabitants per square kilometre. However, this number changes, mostly in negative direction, which was especially evident in the period since the last war, and even later, caused by economic migrations. The sex structure of population is such that 51% of the population includes male, and 49% female. Working- age population aged 18-60 years make up around 57% of total population. Indigenous population of Ozren and this village has disappeared over time. Part of them was evicted, other part died in epidemics and wars and among today’s population there are no indigenous residents. Present-day population settled in this area from various regions.
The village has 780 households.
Doboj - Petrovo regional road and Doboj - Petrovo - Tuzla railway pass through the village. Population is mainly employed in the town of Doboj.
Kakmuž is one of the few villages in the Mount Ozren which has paved road network and is well connected to the surrounding villages. The village centre is 5 km far from municipal centre of Petrovo.
All households have electricity and some of the streets are well lit. The village has a water supply system which consists of seven small independent water supply systems, of which three are managed by local community, and four some individual households.
Chapter: Master Plan 27 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
The sewerage network does not exist, but there is a plan for its upcoming construction.
2.2.1.1.3 SOČKOVAC Sočkovac is a settlement and local community within Petrovo municipality. Village Sočkovac is one of the most urban settlements in Ozren. The settlement is concentrated on transition between lowland into hilly and mountainous area, partly located below the top of Ostrevice and Kameničkog visa, and with other part in Sprečanska field, by the railway. It is eight kilometres far from the municipal centre and its neighbouring villages are Kakmuž and Karanovac. It has over 300 households. The surrounding area of Sočkovac is rich in various medicinal plants, diverse wildlife, sources of drinking, mineral and thermo-mineral water and rich deposits of minerals. The settlement is also famous for its bathing establishment Terme-Ozren. It is one of the few Ozren settlements that have developed economy where the Sočkovac brickyard represents the leading company. The following table provides an overview of population from 1971 to 1991.
Population of Sočkovac settlement Census year 1991 1981 1971 Number of inhabitants 1,121 1,079 1,020 Currently, in LC Sočkovac live 1120 inhabitants.
2.2.1.1.4 KARANOVAC Karanovac is a settlement and local community within Petrovo municipality. The following table provides an overview of population from 1971 to 1991.
Population of Karanovac settlement Census year 1991 1981 1971 Number of inhabitants 1,178 1,030 933 Currently, in LC Karanovac live 1311 inhabitants.
2.2.1.1.5 KRTOVA Krtova is a settlement and local community within Petrovo municipality. According to the 1991 census, the settlement had 1,121 residents. Currently, in LC Krtova in Petrovo municipality lives 397 residents.
2.2.1.1.6 KALUĐERICA Kaluđerica is a settlement and local community within Petrovo municipality. Currently, in LC Kaluđerica live 194 inhabitants.
2.2.1.1.7 PORJEČINA Porječina is a settlement and local community within Petrovo municipality. The following table provides an overview of population from 1971 to 1991.
Population of Porječina Settlement Census Year 1991 1981 1971 Number of inhabitants 819 842 940
Chapter: Master Plan 28 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Currently, in LC Porječina live 751 inhabitant.
2.2.1.2 CURRENT POPULATION AND PROJECTED POPULATION
2.2.1.2.1 NATURAL AND MECHANICAL MOVEMENT
It is well known that the population trends i.e. population dynamics are the consequence of natural and mechanical population movement (migration).
The following tables show natural and mechanical population movement for 2009 and then an overview in the last 5 years.
The table shows negative trend of population change in Petrovo municipality. Negative trend is pronounced when it comes to migration and natural population increase.
In the summary table, Table 4: Change in Population Numbers during the Last 5 Years, it is evident that in the last 3 years this negative trend is decreasing and, thus, it is expected that it will become positive in the planning period. Table 2: Internal Migration in Municipality Petrovo, 2009
INTERNAL MIGRATION BY MUNICIPALITY IN REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA, 2009 Number of immigrants to municipalities of Number of emigrants from municipalities of Republic of Srpska Republic of Srpska
Municipality from other to other Net from from to municipa- to Brčko municipa- migration Total Federation Brčko Total Federation lities in District lities in of BiH District of BiH RS RS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 =1-5 Petrovo 39 15 2 22 78 11 3 64 -39 Table 3: Natural Increase in Petrovo Municipality – 2009
Births and deaths in Petrovo municipality in 2009 (preliminary data) Births Deaths Municipality Total Live births Total Infants’ deaths Natural births Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male increase Petrovo 49 49 33 16 114 55 59 - 1 -65 Table 4: Change in Population Numbers during the Last 5 Years
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Natural increase – Number of inhabitants -86 -50 -73 -72 -65 Migration - Number of inhabitants ? ? -62 -52 -39 Total - Number of inhabitants ? ? -135 -124 -104
Comparison between pre-war and post–war period shows show that natural increase has experienced significant changes: from the extremely positive before the war they have become negative.
2.2.1.2.2 POPULATION PROJECTION Projections of population and households of the specific territory represent an important initial element in process of spatial planning. In relation to population numbers besides water supply system other spatial components are also being dimensioned, such as housing, commercial facilities, technical and social infrastructure, etc.
Chapter: Master Plan 29 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Otherwise, average annual population growth rate by the projection of Institute for statistics of RS by 2015 makes 4 ‰. Data provided by Institute for statistics of Republic of Srpska show that positive coefficient of population growth is present in only 3-4 municipalities while in all other municipalities this coefficient is negative. Petrovo municipality belongs to a group of municipalities with negative coefficient of population growth. Table 5: Change in Population Numbers by Settlements in the Period from 1971 till Today , depicts population data according to census for 1971, 1981 and 1991 and projected population for 2010. It also shows coefficients of population growth by period. Table 5: Change in Population Numbers by Settlements in the Period from 1971 till Today 7
Population growth coefficient
1,282 0,22 0,341 Area Year 1971 1981 1991 2010 Population by censuses LC Petrovo 2514 2856 2919 3114
Population growth coefficient 0,94 0,783 0,009 Area Year 1971 1981 1991 2010 Population by censuses LC Kakmuž 2020 2218 2398 2402
Population growth coefficient 0,99 1,355 0,595 Area Year 1971 1981 1991 2009 Population by censuses LC Karanovac 933 1030 1178 1311
Population growth coefficient 0,56 0,385 -0,002 Area Year 1971 1981 1991 2009 Population by censuses LC Sočkovac 1020 1079 1121 1120
Population growth coefficient -1,1 -0,27 -0,48 Area Year 1971 1981 1991 2009 Population by censuses LC Porječina 940 842 819 751
It is very difficult to give estimates on population trends in the next 20 - 25 years. According to population census from 1971 to 1991, a steady increase is recorded. The last 20 years are not relevant due to war and post-war population movements. The fact is that in almost all municipalities in Republic of Srpska the same negative trend was recorded, likewise in Petrovo municipality. From Table 4: Change in Population Numbers during the Last 5 Years, it is noticeable that every year population decreases for more than a 100 and this number is reducing year by year.
7 For the year 2010 estimate is taken
Chapter: Master Plan 30 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
For the purpose of this Study, it is given an expert assessment of population and planned population growth for the planning period from 20 to 25 years. It is very difficult to assess the population trends and development of this area during this period.
The following table gives the number of inhabitants obtained from Petrovo municipality for 2010. and planned increase in population. Current number of inhabitants is 9,290. According to a given table, it is anticipated that the population at the end of planning period will be 10,325.
These estimates for small municipalities and small settlements are very risky. Practically, start of only one significant undertaking can positively affect the trend of population increase. Table 6: Population Estimate for the 2035 Planning Period
Projected population in the municipal area Local community 2010 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Petrovo 3.114 3.145 3.192 3.273 3.356 3.440 3.527 Kakmuž 2.402 2.426 2.462 2.525 2.588 2.654 2.721 Karanovac 1.311 1.327 1.351 1.392 1.435 1.478 1.523 Sočkovac 1.120 1.125 1.131 1.143 1.154 1.166 1.178 Porječina 751 753 755 759 763 767 770 Krtova and Kaluđerica 591 592 594 597 600 603 606 Population total 9.290 9.368 9.487 9.689 9.896 10.108 10.325
2.2.2 SPATIAL COVERAGE
There is not an integral water supply system in Petrovo municipality. Currently, each local community has its own water supply system. In the future, there is a possibility of connecting water supply systems of Petrovo and Kakmuž i.e. Sočkovac and Karanovac into one water supply system. It is also possible, if one new water source of significant capacity opens in the area of local communities Sočkovac and Karanovac, most of the Petrovo municipality will be connected into one unique system. A series of small sources which are located in several water supply systems are currently being exploited. However, this method of water supply is very expensive because of the need to protect all the sources and maintenance of the sources represents both financial and organizational problem.
Water Supply Study as well as all the future planning documents (particularly Conceptual design of water supply) should provide guidelines in which direction to develop water supply systems.
Chapter: Master Plan 31 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.3 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
2.3.1 INTRODUCTION
Urban water supply system is managed by „Komunalno“ public company, which also performs maintenance services of sewerage system, collection and disposal of solid waste and maintains the cleanliness of the city.
Small water supply systems are managed by committees of local communities and groups of citizens.
Water quality control is performed according to legally-prescribed minimum of water quality observations.
In addition, the top priority for Municipal Government of Petrovo is to connect existing water supply systems into larger ones in order to:
o Increase the security of water supply and quality of water supply in general, o Increase the control and quality of water supplied, o Reduce overall costs of maintenance and water supply system management, o Establish a specialized public company to deal only with problems of maintaining and developing of water supply systems, as well as control and monitoring of quality and quantity of water supplied.
A number of small local water supply systems are in function in the area of Petrovo municipality and these are mainly water supply systems of local communities. There are also a number of small water supply systems which supply water to a small number of residents.
The bigger water supply systems that are in function are:
Petrovo, Kakmuž, Karanovac and Sočkovac.
Citizens of Petrovo municipality are being water supplied from natural water sources which are not connected into one integral water supply system. All water supply systems in Petrovo municipality are gravitational, except of one part of Kaluđerica (for weekend settlement - Kaluđerica) where the water is being pumped into higher zones.
The right to manage and maintain the listed water supply systems was transferred to public company „Komunal“ Petrovo, founded in 1990:
„Kaluđerica-Petrovo“; „Jama-Petrovo“; „Kakmuž-Petrovo“ from the capture structure Volujak.
Water supply of all kinds of customers in the area of central part of municipality is provided by the abstraction of water from 3 water supply systems, as follows: Kaluđerica-Petrovo (source Kaluđerica), Jama-Petrovo (source Djedovac) and Kakmuž-Petrovo (source Volujak). All three water supply systems can be connected into one central system.
Chapter: Master Plan 32 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Water supply systems in central part of Petrovo municipality, managed by Public company, services 961 customers (898 households and 63 businesses). In the addition to the above, there are several independent water supply systems in rural areas in the following local communities: Karanovac, Sočkovac and Kakmuž. Mentioned water supply systems are managed by associations of citizens and cover 977 households in aforementioned local communities, as follows:
Karanovac: 382 households; Sočkovac: 285 households; Kakmuž: 310 households.
Local communities Porječina and Krtova do not have built water supply system but they tapped small water sources to supply 5 to 15 households.
Public wells, fountains of water and individual water systems are also being used but the number of their users has not been registered.
Water Company does not perform measurements of physical losses in the network. It is estimated that the total amount of non-revenue water is 70%. Water quality control is performed by Institute for Health Protection Doboj.
The most significant problems related to operation of water supply system are as follows:
1. High percentage of non-revenue water (losses); 2. Dilapidated distribution network and poor quality of installed materials along with unplanned expansion of the network; 3. Inadequate pipe diameters cause big line losses resulting in reduced flow and pressure drop, especially during the summer months; 4. Water quality at the source Jama Petrovo varies – large water intake area, conditioning of water is not performed except chlorine disinfection – there is no regular monitoring of water quality; 5. Automatic monitoring and control of the system is not in place causing increased network maintenance costs; 6. There are several water supply systems in local communities that are not submitted to the management of water utility company and, thus, they are not connected to central system.
Investigations conducted by authorized institutions found that in Ozren, including Petrovo municipality, there are significant quantities of potable water in nature that needs to be adequately tapped and distributed to citizens and that the problem of poor water supply is in the lack of funds for design and construction of water supply system, but also in the absence of qualified personnel in the utility company.
When it comes to billing, and based on municipal decisions, the benefits are given to socially vulnerable households, families of fallen soldiers, as well as disabled war veterans to IV category. Information about these categories, public company „Komunal“ provides from JU CSR and municipal services.
Total collection for water supply service for households in Petrovo municipality is 50%. It is estimated that in the central part of Petrovo municipality which is supplied with water from systems: Kaluđerica, Jama and Volujak, 70% of water is being lost before it reaches the households.
It is necessary to perform regular monthly water control, but this task cannot be done due to financial problems caused by a number of factors. Monthly quality control of each source is BAM 300.00, which annually amounts to BAM 3,600.00 for one spring. If the regular monthly controls were
Chapter: Master Plan 33 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
performed at the two existing springs (Kaluđerica and Jama), it would be necessary to provide BAM 7,200.00.
2.3.2 HYDROLOGICAL RESOURCES OF PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.3.2.1 RUNNING WATERS Average multiannual precipitation for the area of Petrovo municipality is about 900 mm per year. However, the variations of precipitation per years are significant, ranging from 550 mm to 1300 mm per year. Despite the relatively high average annual rainfall, a shortage in water balance occurs very often during the hot summer months, while in the cold periods of year, there is a water surplus. Water regime of the majority of watercourses in the area of Petrovo municipality is characterized by sudden rising of water level and short duration of high water, which gives them a torrential character. Therefore, natural regime of running waters is not in accordance with the needs and requirements of this area. The most significant watercourses in the municipal area (Jadrina with its tributaries, Kamenički potok, Sočkovački potok, Prenja with tributaries), during the summer months have a discharge within the biological minimum, so the possible use of its waters should be considered only after exploitation of all potential resources of natural springs and groundwater’s.
2.3.2.2 NATURAL SPRINGS Most of the Ozren massif is built of serpentine rock, represented in all forms from serpentine peridotite to serpentinite. As a result of tectonic activity and destruction, there are numerous discontinuities, cracks and faults that are of special importance for the movement of groundwater along predispositioned lines and accumulation of groundwater that is drained through a number of different sources of various yields. On the basis of detailed investigations of the major sources (Vrela, Kaluđerca, Vrelica and others) it can be stated that the process of infiltration from the surface through the collector conduits to the reservoir is very gradual delaying in average up to 2 months. The quality of spring water in the Ozren area, with its physical and chemical, and bacteriological characteristics is very good, which is the result of geological structure of the terrain and natural protection. Most sources in Ozren are located within the forest complex and simple measurements can ensure their protection from external contamination.
2.3.2.3 CAPTURED NATURAL SPRINGS Data on the sources and source capacity are taken from project documentation " Water management issues in Petrovo municipality" which was developed in 2009. Bigger natural springs are being used for organized water supply, such as: 1. Source "Kaluđerica I and II" At this location, three springs have been captured: Kaluđerica 1 and 2 (data on yield varied and range from total average yield of around Q=2.33 l/s to Q=3.33 l/s). Water from these springs is being conveyed through supply pipelines into the collection chamber located at Kaluđerica – in the vicinity of monastery. This water is being used for water supply of the settlement Petrovo. The ’Study of hydrogeological research of the springs Kaluđerica I and II’ was developed in order to define the yield of „Kaluđerica“ spring. According to the aforementioned study, the relevant amount of water that can be counted on to be available for use is Q=3.33 l/s. 2. Source "Jama"
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This is a source of medium capacity Q=5.0 l/s. It is used for water supply of settlement Petrovo. 3. Source "Lakonica I" This is a source of medium capacity Q=6.0 l/s. It is used for water supply of settlement Kakmuž. The spring type is drilled wells. 4. Source "Lakonica II" This is a source of medium capacity Q=1.0 l/s. It is used for water supply of one part of settlement Kakmuž. The spring type is drilled wells. 5. Source "Markovac" This is a source of medium capacity Q=1.0 l/s. It is used for water supply of one part of settlement Kakmuž. 6. Source "Vrela" The source „Vrela“ provides water for supply of settlement Sočkovac. The spring „Vrela“, with respect to its capacity (yield), represents the largest natural source at Mount Ozren, with top quality water. The source is of a broken type with water appearing in several places in the area of around 200 m2. The yield of the water source is 8.0 – 11.0 l/s. The quantity of water abstracted is Q=6.0 l/s. 7. Source "Vrelca" The source „Vrelca“ provides water for supply of part of the settlements Sočkovac and Boljanić. The spring „Vrelca“ is located in the area of LC Karanovac. Total average source capacity is Q=3.5 l/s, of which Q=2.5 l/s for Boljanić and Q=1.0 l/s for Sočkovac. 8. Source "Mala Prenja" The source „Mala Prenja“provides water for supply of part of the settlement Karanovac. The spring „Mala Prenja“ is located in the valley of Mala Prenja river in the territory of LC Karanovac. Total average source capacity is Q=2.5 l/s. 9. Source "Radojka" In Porječina, there is a spring "Radojka" with average capacity Q=0.5 l/s. There are also several small springs with yield of Q=0.1 to 0.3 l/s. Real requirements for water in Petrovo municipality exceed the capacity of tapped springs. Unfortunately, the previous text does not provide the data on minimum yield of the sources, which is the key element for the design of water supply systems.
2.3.2.4 PLANNED NEW SOURCES AND CAPACITY INCREASE OF THE EXISTING SOURCES There are several other sources which are partially examined, and that would be tapped in the future and engaged in water supply systems. The following sources could be engaged: 1. Source "Johovac" The source is located in the area of LC Sočkovac. Estimated capacity of the source is Q=2.5 l/s. 2. Source "Vranovac" The source is located in the area of Sočkovac. Estimated capacity of the source is Q=1.5 l/s. 3. Source "Vrela"
Chapter: Master Plan 35 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Due to inadequate capture, there is a surplus which goes in the stream. Estimated capacity of the spring is Q=8.0 to 11.0 l/s the quantity of water abstracted is Q=6.0 l/s which means that could be possible to abstract additional amount of cca Q=4.0 l/s. 4. Sources "Laconic I and II" It is possible, for this spring also, to increase the quantity of the abstracted water for additional Q=6.0 to 8.0 l/s, by installing the pump into existing well Lakonica I and by drilling a new well at the site Lakonica II and installing the appropriate pump. 5. Source "Špilja" The source "Špilja" in Vasiljevci gravitates to Petrovo municipality and has the previously designed project of capture and connection to water supply system Petrovo at the source Kaluđerica. The source capacity is Q=5.0 l/s and it can be included in the system by gravity.
2.3.2.5 PLANNED NEW GROUNDWATER SOURCES Provision of new water quantities, besides natural water sources can be also acquired from the groundwater sources. Suitable sites for research (some researches have already been conducted) of groundwater reserves are the areas between the Doboj - Tuzla railway and the beginning of the uplift of the Ozren massif, from Sočkovačkog potoka (stream) in Sočkovac to the river Prenje and further to the west to the border with Doboj municipality, and more to the south to the border of alluvial plain and mountain massif. In this area, there are accumulated significant amounts of high quality drinking water in layers of sand and gravel thickness of 5.0 to 10.0 meters. This aquifer is fed by water mostly from the Upper Cretaceous sediments in the area of Prenje - Brađana - Boljanića. This terrain is forested and uninhabited which is very important for source protection. In the area of Sočkovački potok (stream) to the municipal border in the east the terrain is such that there are no conditions for the formation of significant accumulation of groundwater. Waters in the alluvium of the Spreča River are burdened with high quantities of Fe ions and bacteriological contamination, and in the case of exploitation of this waters, drinking water treatment plants would be necessary. The Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology Institute of the Civil Engineering Faculty in Sarajevo conducted the organization of hydrogeological researches at two sites, in the alluvium of the river Prenje in Karanovac and in the area of Subačin stream between Karanovac and Sočkovac and carried out qualitative and quantitative data research. Operational works, test drilling and test pumping in part, were executed by "Geoinžinjering" company, Sarajevo. 1. Observation well OB2 The results of research activities were satisfactory in terms of both quality and quantity of water. The assumptions are that around Q=30.0 l/s of high-quality drinking water could be exploited from this well. In order to preserve long-term stability and quality of hydrogeological collector at locality OB-2, Karanovac, it is suggested additional research of this locality where one could built three wells with diameter of Ø 800/355 mm, depth 16.0 m, from each could be drawn Q=10.0 l/s, i.e. total of Q=30,0 l/s. These works could be performed in phases. In the first phase, there would be the construction of well at the site of optimal well OB2, diameter of Ø 800/355 mm, depth 15.0 m. 2. Observation well OB3 (H-4) Sočkovac The results of research activities at the locality OB-3 in Sočkovac gave positive results concerning quantity of groundwater. The assumptions are that from these wells could be exploited around Q=24.0 l/s of water per well. Water quality at this locality is questionable because of higher hardness of water due to the proximity of thermo mineral waters. It is recommended a more detailed exploration of the area around Subaša’s Stream (more to the
Chapter: Master Plan 36 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
south and west) in order to eventually find localities with more favourable physical and chemical characteristics of water. Because of the questionable water quality it is necessary to first install a series of piezometers in order to find good quality water. However, due to the proximity of "Terme - Ozren" complex, these waters are even in its natural state (without treatment) suitable for use in swimming pools with cold water, which are currently lacking in this complex.
Table 7: Existing and Potential Sources in the Area of Petrovo Municipality, gives an overview of existing and potential sources for water supply in the area of Petrovo municipality.
Chapter: Master Plan 37 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 7: Existing and Potential Sources in the Area of Petrovo Municipality
Minimum Average Average Water Water Supply source annual annual Source Name Location transport to Note System capacity capacity capacity the reservoir (l/s) (l/s) (m3) Captured sources Kaluđerica 1 and2 On the slopes of Mount Ozren 2,3 3,5 110.376,0 gravity WSS Petrovo Jama On the slopes of Mount Ozren 5,0 157.680,0 gravity Lakonica 1 Kakmuž 6,0 189.216,0 gravity It is possible to increase the capacity for 6-8 l/s by installing pump in the existing well Lakonica 1 and by Lakonica 2 Kakmuž WSS Kakmuž 1,0 31.536,0 gravity drilling a new well at Lakonica 2. Markovac Kakmuž 1,0 31.536,0 gravity Inadequately captured, it is possible to abstract Vrela Sočkovac WSS Sočkovac 6,0 189.216,0 gravity additional quantity of around 4 l/s part of Sočkovca gravity Q=1,0 l/s Vrelca Karanovac 3,5 110.376,0 part of Boljanića gravity Q=2,5 l/s Prenja in the valley of Mala Prenja WSS Karanovac 2,5 78.840,0 gravity Radojka LC Porječina WSS Porječina 0,5 15.768,0 gravity Small sources LC Porječina Part of Porječine 0,3 9.460,8 gravity Total: 29,3 924.004,8 Planned sources for water supply of Petrovo municipality Johovac LC Sočkovac WSS Sočkovac 2,5 78.840,0 Vranovac LC Sočkovac WSS Sočkovac 1,5 47.304,0 Špilja Vasiljevci WSS Petrovo 5,0 157.680,0 Lakonica 1 and 2 Kakmuž WSS Kakmuž 7,0 220.752,0 OB2 Well Alluvium of the Prenja River WSS Karanovac 30,0 946.080,0 Drilled observation wells Observation wells, water do not satisfy potable water OB3 Well Sočkovac WSS Sočkovac 24,0 756.864,0 quality standards due to high hardness - 33° dH Total: 70,0 2.207.520,0 Total: 99,3 3.131.524,8
Chapter: Master Plan 38 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.3.3 PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Sanitary water supply of the settlements Petrovo and Kakmuž is performed via two water supply systems: Water supply system Petrovo – the group of springs in the vicinity of Monastery St. Nikolas on Ozren and Water supply system Kakmuž – Lakomica source (supplies the settlements Kakmuž and part of the settlement Petrovo – 10%). Water supply system Petrovo provides water from the source located south of Petrovo at a distance of about 5.0 km.
2.3.3.1 SOURCES Three sources have been captured at this location:
Kaluđerica 1 and 2 (total source yield Q90% is around 2.0 l/s – according to study Q=3.33 l/s) and Špilja (yield of around 3.0 l/s) for which a project documentation was carried out and which is planned for connecting to water supply system of Petrovo. Therefore, these three sources have the total amounts of water Q=3.33+3.0=6.33 l/s. During some periods of the year, water is turbid and loaded with organic matter, and for that reason treated – filtration of water through the layers of quartz sand and chlorine disinfection.
2.3.3.1.1 KALUĐERICA I AND II The main source of water supply system Petrovo is "Kaluđerica I and II". Kaluđerica I is a concentrated spring of upward type while Kaluđerica II is a scattered/spreaded spring. Based on one year-observations, maximum amounts of water were defined, and they are:
Kaluđerica I - Q1max=3.33 l/s
Kaluđerica II - Q2max=4.44 l/s
The quantity of water P%=90% (for both sources) is Q90%=2.0 l/s. Type of the source dictated the type of the intake structure, and therefore, a collection basin was planned at Kaluđerica I that uses the excess of water which overflows from the existing drinking- fountain. Scattered spring Kaluđerica II is captured by drainage trench. Water from both sources, through the system of collection pipes is being conveyed to the main collection basin. The collection basin is designed to accept water not only from these two sources but also for surrounding sources. From the capture structure Kaluđerica I water is conveyed through pipeline PEHD OD 160 mm length L=121.0 m to the collection basin. From the capture structure Kaluđerica II water is conveyed through pipeline PEHD OD 160 mm length L=30.5 m to the collection basin. From the collection basin, water is discharged via pipeline PEHD OD 160 mm. The elevation of Kaluđerica I is cca 298.0 m a.s.l. and Kaluđerica II is cca 297.0 m a.s.l.. The collection basin base has a size of a 7.0 m * 3.5 m. Bottom level of collection reservoir is cca 293.6 m a.s.l. and the volume is cca V=40.0 m3.
Chapter: Master Plan 39 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.3.3.1.2 ŠPILJA South of the source Kaluđerica, there is a source Špilja at the elevation of 435.0 to 436.0 m a.s.l.. It is planned to capture water of the underground stream that flows through the cave "Špilja". Observed length of this underground stream, i.e. cave is cca 350 m, and it is possible that it is much longer. Groundwater passes through numerous cracks, sinkholes and faults and collects in the primary flow that goes through the cave "Špilja", shaped through the influence of water and tectonic activities. The zone above aquifer consists of highly karstified limestone, with thin or no layer of humus. Much of the area above aquifer is forested by deciduous and mixed forest, and a smaller part is covered with pastures and arable lands. Due to rapid and intensive contact with surface, atmospheric and catchment water, water from the source "Špilja" in some periods during the year, especially at times of heavy precipitation events and snow melting, is heavily turbid and loaded with organic matters, so without treatment it cannot be used for drinking. As a method for water treatment it was proposed a filtration through layers of quartz sand in sedimentation tanks built inside the cave within capture structure and chlorine disinfection. Chlorination in the capture structure as well as final chlorination in the reservoir will make water usable for drinking and safe distribution to consumers. In the immediate vicinity of the source "Špilja" there are also several small springs and the spring "Točkovi" (1 km west of Špilje) with total estimated capacity Q=1.5 l/s (spring "Točkovi" Q=1.0 l/s). These springs could be connected either directly to the transmission pipeline or to the break-pressure chamber which is located at transmission pipeline.
2.3.3.1.3 SOURCES DJEDOVAC AND JAMA There are two other springs between the sources "Kaluđerica I and II": "Djedovac" "Jama" At the source Djedovac (stream Djedov potok), there are three capture structures with total yield of Q=2.0 l/s. Capture structures are located at the elevation 237.0 m a.s.l.. Water is conveyed from these capture structures via pipeline PEHD OD 63 mm, NP 6 bar, L=410 m to the wet chamber of capture structure "Jama". Capture "Jama" has a yield of Q=4.0 l/s. Because of its water quality, quartz sand filters are suitable for this capture. Capture structure - filter "Jama" consists of the antechamber in front of capture, in the free part of undercut, where the backwater creates a shallow accumulation and where first natural deposition of suspended solids from water occurs, then settling basin with dimensions of 80*200*150 cm, filter chamber with dimensions of 200*200*150 cm and wet chamber. Next to the capture structure, it was planned a reservoir with a common dry chamber which is an integral part of the capture structure. Water from the wet chamber and reservoir circulates on the principle of communicating vessels. Reservoir volume is V=100.0 m3, with overflow level 228.85 m a.s.l. and bottom level 226.70 m a.s.l.. Filtration of water from the source "Jama" is performed with the aim to extract small amounts of suspended substances which water creates on its way dissolving the softer rocks which are gently deposited on the bottom of the channel. Water turbidity never occurs at this source, thus, besides filters, only chlorination is needed.
2.3.3.2 TRANSMISSION PIPELINES
2.3.3.2.1 TRANSMISSION PIPELINE, "ŠPILJA" SOURCE, KALUĐERICA COLLECTION BASIN After treatment, water from the source "Špilja" is conveyed via transmission pipeline to the collection reservoir at the source Kaluđerica. It is planned to build a break-pressure chamber on the pipeline at the chainage 0+702.00. The chamber has the following features:
Chapter: Master Plan 40 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Bottom level 373.68 m a.s.l. Overflow level 374.18 m a.s.l. Volume of pressure relief chamber V=6.0 m3. Part of the pipeline between capture structure "Špilja" and break-pressure chamber is made of PELD pipes 75 mm OD, NP 6 bar, L=702.0 m. From break-pressure chamber to the reservoir it was planned a pipeline made of PEHD pipes 90 mm OD, NP 6 bar, L=2,050.0 m. A reservoir was planned at the end of pipeline, located directly above the capture structure Kaluđerica. Reservoir has the following characteristics: Bottom level 298.00 m a.s.l. Overflow level 299.30 m a.s.l. Reservoir volume V=20.0 m3. There are plans to build a reservoir in the system "Špilja" with the volume of V=40 m3 at the elevation 332.0 m a.s.l.. This reservoir would be designed for weekend settlement and resort.
2.3.3.2.2 TRANSMISSION PIPELINE, KALUĐERICA COLLECTION BASIN - PETROVO RESERVOIR Water from these three springs is conveyed via supply pipeline into collection chamber located in Kaluđerica – in the vicinity of the monastery. The collection chamber is located at the elevation 293.6 m a.s.l. and collection chamber volume is V=40.0 m3. Water collected in this way is being conveyed further through the main supply PVC pipeline Ø 140 mm, L=3,545.0 m to the reservoir from which is being distributed towards end users in the Petrovo settlement. The main transmission pipeline from source to the reservoir is dimensioned to Q=9.0 l/s. The pipeline is equipped with 4 air valves and 5 sludge discharge pipes. Table 8: Transmission Pipelines in WSS Petrovo
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length Water Section Supply (mm) (m) System "Špilja" Capture and break-pressure 75 702,00 chambers Break-pressure chamber - Kaluđerica 90 2.050,00 Transmission Reservoir Pipelines in Kaluđerica Collection Basin – Petrovo 140 3.545,00 WSS Petrovo Reservoir Total Transmission Pipelines in WSS Petrovo: 6.297,00
2.3.3.3 RESERVOIRS The Petrovo reservoir is the main reservoir for distribution of water in WSS Petrovo. The system has four more reservoirs located near capture structures. Petrovo settlement reservoir is located above separation with bottom level of 269.25 m a.s.l. and overflow level 273.0 m a.s.l.. It has a volume of V=125.0 m3 and diameter of 6,0 m. The reservoir has a cylindrical shape. Supply pipeline is PVC pipeline 140 mm OD, and drainage pipeline is a pipeline with diameter Ø 150 mm. The reservoir is equipped with a float valve which prevents water overflow from the reservoir. Table 9: Reservoirs in WSS Petrovo
Reservoir Overflow Level Storage
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(m.a.s.l.) Volume (m3) Kaluđerica Collection Basin 293,60 40,00 Jama (Planned) 226,70 100,00 Špilja Break-pressure Chamber 350,00 6,00 Špilja-Kaluđerica 298,00 20,00 Petrovo 269,25 125,00 Total: 291,00
2.3.3.4 DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES Main distribution pipelines – from the reservoir there are two drains for each zone, provided that there is a break-pressure chamber within the lower zone. There are two pressure zones of water supply in Petrovo settlement: Low pressure zone (160 – 210 m a.s.l.). This area covers around 75% of the settlement, as follows: narrow part of Petrovo settlement, the area of Haluga, Perići, Brđani, Suho Polje and Meraja. High pressure zone (210 – 260 m a.s.l.). This area covers the remaining 25% of the settlement, as follows: Čalije, Ilići, Šešlaci, Kojići and Bisići. Distribution network in the settlement is mostly made of asbestos cement pipes with the diameter of Ø 80-150. The exact location of the pipeline is unknown due to lack of cadastre of underground installation. A small part of the settlement is not connected to this network – buildings at the elevation above 260 m a.s.l.– such as Panići settlement. They are supplied from natural springs, smaller village water supply systems and wells. Kaluđerica settlement, a place where the sources are located, will also in the future receive water from this water supply system. Connection of the source Špilja will create conditions for expansion of water supply system on this settlement. Length of distribution pipeline is estimated at L=17,000 m. Pipelines are mainly constructed of asbestos cement and PVC pipes.
2.3.3.5 CONSUMERS The settlement of Petrovo has around 3,000 inhabitants. There are 476 households and 40 legal entities connected to the water supply system. If we take that the average number of persons per household is three that means that 1,904 inhabitants use this system for water supply. Consequently, the percentage of water supply system coverage is around 60 % which is a low percentage. Water supply system Kakmuž-Petrovo supplies with water around 80 households.
2.3.3.6 WATER PRODUCTION AND WATER CONSUMPTION There are no data on water production. There are no flow meters neither at sources nor in reservoirs. Water consumption measurements are not performed either due to defective meters or lacking any. Practically, we cannot establish any form of water balance due to lack of measurements of both water production and water consumption. The system has total of around 800 connections.
Chapter: Master Plan 42 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.3.4 KAKMUŽ – PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Water supply system Kakmuž – source Lakomica (Volujak) supplies Kakmuž settlement and part of Petrovo settlement– 10%). The yield of the source Lakomica is around 6.0 l/s. Water supply system Kakmuž is consists of: capture structure (drilled well Ø200), supply pipeline (Ø200, length 500.0 m), reservoir (bottom level 230 m a.s.l., with volume 100.0 m3) and main distribution pipeline from the reservoir to the school in Petrovo (Ø150, length 5,000.0 m). The aforementioned distribution pipeline is decrepit with high water loss occurrence, cca 50%. Due to insufficient source capacity and transmission pipeline, „Institute for Water Management Ltd.“ from Bijeljina in 2008 developed a project, „Main project for reconstruction of the source Volujak, main transmission pipeline from the source to city distribution network with ancillary facilities and existing village water supply system Volujak-2“. The main task of the project is the beginning of systematic reconstruction of existing water supply systems in order to: o increase the capacity of water supply system, o establish monitoring of the amounts of water abstracted and delivered, o reduce the water losses in the system, o increase the safety of water supply service, o increase quality control of abstracted and delivered water, o enable the connection of existing water supply systems into larger, logical functional units in order to reduce the total cost of system operation, o enable conveying water from one sub-system into another in order to increase the overall safety and quality of water delivery to users, and o provide additional water quantities for water supply systems in order to find a long-term solution to the problem of water supply in Petrovo municipality. In line with these objectives, the Municipal Government Petrovo has decided to do the reconstruction of water supply system Volujak with ancillary facilities: the source Volujak-1, main transmission pipeline from the source to city distribution network with ancillary facilities (reservoir Volujak and facilities on transmission pipeline – air valves and sludge discharge pipes), as well as the existing village water supply system Volujak-2. Project Expected Effects The reconstruction of water supply system Volujak will lead to achieving the following effects: increase the amount of water abstracted from current 6.o l/s to around 11.5 l/s, i.e. the abstraction of additional 5.5 l/s high quality drinking water, establishing monitoring of amounts of water abstracted from this source, in accordance with the Law on Waters of Republic of Srpska, increase the safety of water supply service, increase quality control of abstracted and delivered water,
Chapter: Master Plan 43 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
connecting water supply systems Volujak-1 and Volujak-2 into a single water supply system, as a prerequisite for further connections of water supply systems and the possibility of transferring water from one system into another, remove water losses on the main transmission pipeline through the replacement of existing decrepit asbestos cement pipeline with polyethylene pipeline, reducing total operating costs of water supply system Volujak. This project is in the implementation phase.
2.3.4.1 SOURCES Spring Volujak 1 (Lakomica in Kakmuž) was captured and introduced into the newly built water supply system Kakmuž – Petrovo in 1970. Source Volujak 1 (well) consists of two independent inflows: - the upper inflow (from the drainage system) of total capacity around 2.0 l/hour a depth 0.9 m from the top of introductory column, and - The lower inflow (buoyancy with self-discharge) from the well around 4.0 l/s which makes total capacity of the source of around 6 l/hour at outflow. Capture structure (well Volujak 1) is made by installing steel construction ф 500 mm depth 17m. The well was tested in 1988 and the testing has measured the capacity of 12.0 l/s during reduction of water level in the well for 170 cm (at the established level). It was also recorded that the level of water after the exclusion of the pump came back to previous level in less than 10 seconds. The second pumping test was performed company Vodovod – Doboj on 18 Oct 2007. Pumping water from the well during the lowering of water level for 2.0 m (until it reaches the balanced level) capacity of the well was 9.12 l/s and for lowering the level for 5.0 m the capacity was 11.2 l/s. The third self-discharge measurement of the source Volujak - 1 and the source Volujak – 2 was performed by the contractor of the project documentation on 01 July 2007 where they obtained the following results: a. Inflow into the reservoir Volujak 1 was 5.5 l/s. b. Inflow into the reservoir Volujak 2 was 0.8 l/s. Measurements performed by the company Vodovod – Doboj were carried out in extremely unfavourable hydrological conditions (long-time drought) so the aforementioned data can considered relevant for further dimensioning of the system. Designed technical solution included: - reconstruction and arrangement of the terrain around the source Volujak 1 (well) - reconstruction and arrangement of the terrain around the reservoir Volujak 2 (existing village system) - reconstruction and arrangement of the terrain around the reservoir Volujak 1 (existing city system) - reconstruction of existing transmission and distribution pipeline from the source Volujak 1 to the connecting point with the city distribution network in a total length of 2,343.01 m. Projected reconstructions have been achieved through: - the increase of the source capacity Volujak 1 (well) from 6.0 l/s to 12.0 l/s, - complete control of water quantities abstracted at the sources Volujak 1 and Volujak 2 (measuring conducted by using the impulse turbine flow meter), - complete quality control of water quantities delivered from the sources Volujak 1 and Volujak 2, which is provided by an automatic dosing of chlorine solution depending on the flow.
Chapter: Master Plan 44 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Chlorination is being done in hydro mechanical facility of the source Volujak 1 and in the valve chamber of reservoir Volujak 2, secured by recording the actual dose of residual chlorine via printer of residual chlorine level in water. - improvement in conditions of water supply services for population connected to the network, as well as for the population that could not be connected, which is achieved by installing hydrophore unit in hydro mechanical facility at the source Volujak 1. - the pressure increase in transmission and distribution city pipeline from the source Volujak 1. The pressure of 4.7 to 5.0 bar is provided at the connection to the city distribution system. - conditions are created for connecting water supply system from the source Volujak 1 with other water supply systems in the zone of this spring. As it has already been mentioned in the introductory part of the technical description, the following facilities were designed:: Well House –Volujak 1 Source The well house facility is a manhole of internal dimensions 1.4*1.4 m*1.4 m, with walls of reinforced concrete 20 cm thick. The head of the well pump was placed in the manhole and from which are suspended a pressure column and submerged well pump. In the facility of well manhole (existing well), it is designed a mounting of single stage submersible well pump of the following characteristics: - nominal capacity, Qp=46.0 m3 - the nominal head of the pump, Hp=7.75 m - the nominal speed of the pump, n=2900 o/min - nominal motor power, 2.2 kW - nominal voltage, U=380-400 V The pump is hung on a pressure column DN 100 mm, which has a total length of 15 m, and consists of segments made of steel FF pieces length of 3.0 m. Pressure column is hung over the head of the well (clamp) which leans on the top of the opening well column. It was designed a DN 160 mm drainage pipeline leading from the well to the hydro mechanical facility, which enables current system operation mode (with self-discharge and reduced capacity). However, when the well pump is off (R „Volujak 1“ is full), water supply system Kakmuž continues to operate with capacity 6.0 l/s (before reconstruction), which will allow a rational use of the pump, i.e. significant energy savings. Investor’s attention is drawn to the fact that the operational regime of the well pump needs to be aligned with the real needs of water supply system in order to save electricity. Thus, it is necessary to organize a monitoring of system operation in order to determine water level in R „Volujak 1“ that is necessary for optimum operation of the well pump. Hydro mechanical facility at the source Volujak 1 Hydro mechanical facility is a room, in the close vicinity of the well house, internal dimensions 2.5*2.5*3.2 m, with walls made of a 20 cm thick reinforced concrete. The building is partly buried (1.4 m) and partly aboveground (2.0 m). The entrance to the building is provided by 1.0 m width stairs. It is covered with a flat concrete slab with a 45 cm high parapets. In order to provide thermal conditions it was designed a 5 cm thick demit facade. In the hydro mechanical facility there are: impulse water meter with associated piping installations and installations of sludge discharge piping for rinsing wells, equipment for dispensing chlorine solution and control the level of residual chlorine in water, as well as the associated electrical equipment. Equipment for water chlorination operates automatically with regard to the current flow of water
Chapter: Master Plan 45 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
through the impulse water meter. The analyser of residual chlorine level is connected to the printer that records residual level in real time. In addition, for 8 households in the vicinity of the source, which cannot be water serviced by gravity, a mounting of hydrophore device with pressure vessel and pressure switch was designed in hydro mechanical facility enabling water supply for these households. A hydrophore device of following characteristics was chosen: Qh=1.4 l/s, Hp=60 m, Np=0.75 kW. The whole area surrounding the source is protected by the barbed wire fence and concrete posts with fields’ length of 3.0 m and height of 2.35 m.
2.3.4.2 RESERVOIRS Reservoir Volujak 2 The existing reservoir Volujak 2 has the volume of around V=50 m3 and it is used for supplying the population which is serviced with water separately from the source Volujak 2. The facility is reinforced concrete structure of internal dimensions 4.0*4.9*3.0 m. The wall has a thickness of 25 cm, bottom slab 30 cm and upper 20 cm. The valve chamber of the reservoir has internal dimensions 1.3*1.0*3.5 m. In front of valve chamber, there is a manhole of internal dimensions 1.3*1.0*1.0 m. All designed hydro mechanical and electronic equipment is located in valve chamber, i.e.: impulse water meter, equipment for dispensing and control of residual chlorine with printer as well as electrical equipment needed to power hydro mechanical equipment and lighting. The whole area surrounding the reservoir is protected by the barbed wire fence and concrete posts with fields’ length of 3.0 m and height of 2.35 m. Reservoir Volujak 1 The existing reservoir Volujak 1 is the main reservoir of water supply system Petrovo – Kakmuž. The facility is reinforced concrete structure of circular shape, with the internal dimensions 5.5 m and height of 5.0 m, total volume around V=100 m3, and is used for water supply of the Petrovo municipal centre and consumers that reside in the vicinity of pipeline route. The existing entrance to the reservoir is located directly from the local road, from which stairs lead to platform to enter the reservoir. The stairs were destroyed and the entrance design is very unsafe and unprotected in terms of traffic. Therefore, the project provides for closing the existing entrance and opening a new one (side entrance) in valve chamber. The existing fence surrounding the reservoir is damaged, so the designed one is a complete replacement of the previous fence. A measuring of the water level in the reservoir (through level probe) is performed with the aim of turning on/off automatically the well pump at the source Volujak 1. It was designed that well pump is turning on at 2/3 height of the reservoir and turning off when the reservoir is full. The operation of well pump depends on the water level in reservoir Volujak 1 (composite operation) and the process is fully automatic. There is the possibility to manually control the well pump as well, but only in case of pump testing or when automation malfunctions occur. All measured signals are transmitted from the reservoir to the hydro mechanical facility at the source Volujak 1, where the equipment for automatic operation has been set. Automaton operation of well pump according to the water level in Volujak 1 reservoir, projected mode. The whole area surrounding the reservoir is protected by the barbed wire fence and concrete posts with fields’ length of 3.0 m and height of 2.35 m.
Chapter: Master Plan 46 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 10: Reservoirs in WSS Kakmuž
Bottom Level Storage Volume Reservoir (m.a.s.l.) (m3) Volujak 2 230,00 50,00 Volujak 1 162,30 100,00 Total: 150,00
2.3.4.3 MAIN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION PIPELINE A reconstruction of existing transmission and distribution pipeline was designed from the source Volujak 1 to the connection with the city distributive network (VŠ3) in the total length of 2,343.01 m. The designed pipeline consists of the following sections: - section of the transmission pipeline from the source Volujak 1 (ST 0+000.00) to R „Volujak 1“ (ST 0+431.94), total length 431.94 m, made of PE-100 pipes DN 160/141 mm, SDR 17, NP 10 bar. - section from R „Volujak 1“ (ST 0+431.94) to VŠ1 (ST 0+810.29), total length 378.35 m, made of PE-100 pipes DN 225/192 mm, SDR 17.6, NP 10 bar. In this section, a single phase (transmission) pipeline was designed. On VŠ1, a separation of distribution pipeline DN 90 mm was performed for consumers along the line from the main transmission pipeline DN 225 mm in order to avoid the drilling of the main pipeline for the purpose of performing household connections (individual or group). In this way it was enabled the exclusion of distribution pipeline for consumers along the line with the aim of repair and installation of new connections without interruption of water supply services to the Petrovo municipal centre. - section from VŠ1 (ST 0+810.29) to VŠ3 (ST 2+343.01) – connection to the existing distribution network, total length 1,532.72 m, made of PE-100 pipes DN 225/192 and DN 90/80.2 mm, SDR 17, NP 10 bar. In this section, it was designed a double pipeline in order to separate distribution from transmission pipeline. All pipelines are designed of high density polyethylene (PEHD) PE-100 class for nominal pressure NP 10 bar. In order to function normally and maintain the designed water supply system, the following facilities have been designed on transmission and distribution pipeline of water supply system Petrovo – Kakmuž: water manhole VŠ1 (ST 0+810.29), for the branch of distribution pipeline DN 90 mm water air valve manhole OV (ST 1+387.26), to facilitate the discharge of air from the pipeline or when emptying / filling the pipeline. Water manhole VŠ2 (ST 1+529,10) to increase the pressure in distribution pipeline DN 90 mm. In this manhole, there is an aboveground hydrant for fire protection and for rinsing distribution pipeline DN 90 mm. Water manhole VŠ3 (ST 2+343.01) designed to link designed pipelines with existing distribution pipeline of Petrovo municipal centre. In this manhole, there is an aboveground hydrant for rinsing distribution and transmission pipeline, as well as for providing fire protection.
Chapter: Master Plan 47 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 11: Transmission Pipelines in WSS Kakmuž
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length Water Section Supply (mm) (m) System Source Volujak 1 - R „Volujak 1“ PE 160/141 431,94 Transmission R. Volujak - Water meter manhole 1 PE 225/192 378,35 pipelines in Water meter manhole VŠ1 - VŠ3 PE 225/192 1.532,72 WSS Kakmuž Total transmission pipelines in WSS Kakmuž: 2.343,01
2.3.4.4 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN KAKMUŽ SETTLEMENT AND PART OF PETROVO There is no cadastre of underground installation. Also, there are no projects on the distribution network. Near the school in Kakmuž, the main transmission distribution pipeline branches left and right at the Kakmuž – Petrovo road. The left branch of the pipeline leads to the settlement Međaš. The right branch of the pipeline supplies the settlement Kakmuž and small part of settlement Petrovo (10 % of total Petrovo population). Lengths and diameters of pipeline are not known. Length of distribution network is assessed at around L=10,700 m.
2.3.4.5 CONSUMERS According to data provided from municipality and Water Company, the system services around 450 households from Kakmuž and around 80 households from Petrovo. The final consumers generally do not have water meters and those rare water meters have not been calibrated for many years, so we can say that the amount of water consumed is not measured. If we know that so far there were no measurements of water produced, we can conclude that water balance in the system is unknown. This means that there is no control over the system operation.
2.3.4.6 WATER QUALITY According to data obtained from the municipality, water quality tested at the source and in reservoirs met the quality standards for drinking water. Samples taken from distributive network and household installations were not satisfactory, which indicates the very poor state of distribution system that is old and deteriorated.
2.3.4.7 WATER SUPPLYING OF OTHER SETTLEMENTS Potočki water supply system – 160 consumers and two branches length of 3 km each. Water supply system Sredina – Mekuljice has around 70 consumers and network length of around 3 km Water supply system Volujak – Aluge has around 80 consumers and length of around 5 km.
Chapter: Master Plan 48 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.3.5 SOČKOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM In the area of local community Sočkovac, there are several water supply systems. Every water supply system has its own sources, reservoirs and transmission pipelines, but in the distribution network they are connected and they represent an integral water supply system. The connection was carried out because of water balance. The source „Vrela“ supplies with water the settlement Sočkovac. The system is in relatively good condition which could be additionally improved by including new sources („Vrelca“,„Vranovac“ and „Točak“), taking certain activities at existing capture structures and pipelines and building new reservoirs. The source „Vrela“ supplies with water the settlement Sočkovac. Part of the settlement which is supplied from this source is the central and southern, hamlet Kečkovac and one part of the village Kakmuž (approximately 50 households), as well as the Factory of Construction Materials "Sočkovac". In the early 1970s the Factory of Construction Materials "Sočkovac" and LC Sočkovac built the water supply system from the source „Vrela“.
2.3.5.1 "VRELA" SOURCE Source „Vrela“ with its capacity (yield) represents the biggest natural spring at the Mount Ozren, with high quality water. The source is spreaded and water appears in several places in the area of around 200 m2. The yield of the source is 8.0 – 11.0 l/s. The largest spring at the site of “Vrela” is captured by concrete capture structure. The capture structure has the water outlet at the elevation of 326.20 m.a.s.l. The quantity of 3.5 l/s of water is being abstracted from this spring while the remaining quantity goes to overflow in watercourse. Some time later, with the help of EUFOR donation, the collection chamber at the source was built as well as the PEHD Ø90 pipeline (parallel to the existing one with length of 3000.0 m) from the collection chamber to the reservoir „Popovića brdo“ in order to abstract the larger amount of water.
2.3.5.2 TRANSMISSION PIPELINE From capture structure (outlet elevation 326.20 m a.s.l.) a PELD Ø75 pipeline was laid (length around 2,000.0 m, for operating pressure of 6.0 bar) to reservoir „Porašljika“ (reservoir volume 20.0 m3, reservoir bottom level 252.0 m a.s.l.). Capacity of this pipeline is Q=3.50 l/s. Some problems occurred on the PELD Ø75 pipeline, from the source to reservoir „Porašljika“ during exploitation caused by poor quality of the pipeline (pipeline ruptures) and reduction of its projected bandwidth (there is no any air suction valve or sludge discharge installed on the pipeline. One part of the pipeline section (length of 900.0 m to reservoir „Porašljika“) was later reconstructed and replaced by better quality PEHD pipes Ø90. Settlement Kečkovac is being supplied from this reservoir while the remaining amount of water from the reservoir leads to reservoir „Popovića brdo“, via pipeline Ø90 (length around 1,000.0 m). With the help of the EUFOR donation, a PEHD pipeline Ø90 was built (parallel to the existing one in length of 3000.0 m) from collection chamber to reservoir „Popovića brdo“ in order to abstract the larger amount of water. On this pipeline there are not any air suction valves or slurry discharge pipes installed, which results in reduced flow capacity of the pipeline. Total length of transmission pipeline is L=7,481.49 m. Length of pipeline by diameter is tabulated below.
2.3.5.3 RESERVOIRS Reservoir „Popovića brdo“ (reservoir volume 100.0 m3, reservoir bottom level 222.0 m a.s.l.) is the main reservoir in the system. Reservoir „Porašljika“ (reservoir volume 20.0 m3, reservoir bottom level 252.0 m a.s.l.) is used for water supply of settlement Kečkovac.
Chapter: Master Plan 49 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 12: Reservoirs in WSS Sočkovac
Storage Overflow Level Reservoir Volume (m.a.s.l.) (m3) Popovića brdo 222,00 100,00 Porašljika 252,00 20,00 Vrelca 280,00 50,00 Vranovac 307,50 50,00 Total: 220,00
2.3.5.4 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK Main distribution PELD Ø125 pipeline was laid from reservoir „Popovića brdo“ to the centre of Sočkovca and to the brickyard. This pipeline further branches into secondary distribution lines leading towards consumers. Total length of distribution pipelines is L=19,895.48 m. Table 13: Pipelines in WSS Sočkovac
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length Section Pipelines (mm) (m) Pipe P24 75,00 687,50 Pipe P25 50,00 561,73 Pipe P26 90,00 601,73 Pipe P27 90,00 799,19 Transmission Pipeline Pipe P55 63,00 221,99 - from Capture Structure to „Porašljika” Reservoir Pipe P66 75,00 1.644,34 - R. „Porašljika“ - R. „Popovića Pipe P75 63,00 864,84 brdo“ - Capture - R. „Popovića brdo“ Pipe P82 75,00 665,09 Pipe P84 90,00 868,87 Pipe P85 90,00 566,22 Total Transmission Pipelines: 7.481,49 Pipe P28 90,00 665,70 Pipe P29 125,00 331,81 Pipe P30 125,00 118,42 Pipe P31 110,00 358,57 Pipe P32 110,00 528,91 Pipe P33 110,00 66,22 Pipe P34 110,00 127,77 Pipe P35 110,00 334,92 Distribution Pipelines Pipe P36 110,00 704,68 Pipe P37 125,00 46,35 Pipe P38 50,00 94,70 Pipe P39 50,00 65,92 Pipe P40 50,00 97,76 Pipe P41 50,00 39,52 Pipe P42 110,00 46,14
Chapter: Master Plan 50 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Pipe P43 50,00 128,51 Pipe P44 50,00 16,26 Pipe P45 50,00 27,60 Pipe P46 50,00 499,34 Pipe P47 50,00 119,97 Pipe P48 50,00 166,80 Pipe P49 50,00 260,08 Pipe P50 25,00 143,67 Pipe P51 32,00 238,88 Pipe P52 50,00 641,02 Pipe P53 25,00 178,78 Pipe P54 50,00 175,31 Pipe P56 63,00 848,64 Pipe P57 63,00 611,09 Pipe P58 63,00 1.053,52 Pipe P59 50,00 188,75 Pipe P60 50,00 158,04 Pipe P61 50,00 184,38 Pipe P62 50,00 483,44 Pipe P63 50,00 77,28 Pipe P64 50,00 283,58 Pipe P65 63,00 259,90 Pipe P67 50,00 1.187,84 Pipe P68 50,00 797,48 Pipe P69 25,00 730,67 Pipe P70 40,00 410,53 Pipe P71 50,00 505,09 Pipe P72 40,00 592,26 Pipe P73 50,00 865,75 Pipe P74 50,00 579,40 Pipe P76 50,00 963,30 Pipe P77 50,00 647,62 Pipe P78 50,00 305,14 Pipe P79 50,00 503,89 Pipe P80 50,00 680,49 Pipe P81 50,00 22,55 Pipe P83 90,00 667,48 Pipe P86 50,00 33,17 Pipe P87 50,00 30,56 Total Main Distribution Pipelines: 19.895,48 Grand Total Transmission and Distribution 27.376,96 Pipelines:
Chapter: Master Plan 51 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.3.5.5 OTHER SOURCES Given the water supply service of the given area, besides the spring „Vrela“, the following spring should be also mentioned: Source „Vrelca“ (spring Male Prenje) - capacity of approximately 2.5 l/s. It has primitive capture structure (elevation 342 m a.s.l.) and water is conveyed through a Ø50 pipeline to reservoir „Vrelca“ (at the elevation 315.0 m a.s.l.). This system services population of Petkovića brdo and surrounding area of Sočkovac. Source „Vranovac“ – capacity of approximately 2.0 l/s. There are two capture structures (one incomplete and other out of service) of which the Ø63 pipeline goes to the reservoir „Porašljika“. It is used around 10% of its capacity at the moment. Source „Točak“ (Johovac) – the only significant source in Sočkovac that is not captured. Water supply network is poorly developed in the scope of regulatory plan. It is mainly developed to satisfy the needs for sanitary water supply of consumers in business facilities and the former SFOR Base (a Ø25 pipeline in the corridor of the road which touches the area of coverage plan on the east side).
2.3.5.6 OBJECTIVES There is a need for reconstruction and rehabilitation of certain parts of the city’s water distribution network in those streets where there are pipes of insufficient diameter, i.e. construction of the new distribution water network in the areas previously lacking any.
2.3.5.7 WATER PRODUCTION AND WATER CONSUMPTION There are no data on water production. Flow meters do not exist at the sources or at reservoirs. Water consumption measurements are not performed either due to defective meters or lacking any. Practically, we cannot establish any form of water balance due to lack of measurements of both water production and water consumption.
2.3.5.8 REGULATORY PLAN Existing and planned facilities in the coverage of Regulatory plan will be supplied with water from water supply network of the settlement Sočkovac (with envisaged measures of rehabilitation of the existing distribution network, expansion of reservoir space, including new sources into the system). Distribution network has been developed as ring-based network, providing greater security of supply and better water circulation. Pipeline routes were conducted within public areas and, thus, the public network is largely determined by traffic routs (pipelines are located beneath walkways). The minimum diameter of distribution network was adopted Ø100 mm. In addition to the supply role, distribution network has also the role of providing sufficient water for fire protection. The needed amount of water: specific water consumption per capita per day qsp=250 l per capita per day specific consumption for other specific contents should be analysed separately according to specific requirements; daily variation coefficient Kdn=1.5; hourly variation coefficient Kč=2.0 The required amounts of sanitary water will be provided from the water supply network of Sočkovac settlement. Pipeline routs are defined in the graphics attached and they represent prerequisite for design. The minimum allowable pipe diameter of the secondary water network is 100 mm.
Chapter: Master Plan 52 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
The planning design elements include: number of inhabitants number of employees water consumption per capita of 250 l per day water consumption for other purposes (industry, services, recreation facilities, etc.) should be analysed separately according to the terms of reference of the investor; variation coefficients, daily kd = 1.5 and hourly kč = 2.0. Fire protection should be resolved in line with the applicable Fire Protection Act. In addition to these urban and technical conditions it is necessary to obtain the consent of the relevant utility company for maintenance of the water supply.
Chapter: Master Plan 53 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.3.6 KARANOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Water supply system in the local community Karanovac was built in 1970 and it was financed and constructed by the local residents. There is no company that manages this system but this is organized within local community. The system consists of two springs, a reservoir with the volume of V=50.0 m3 and distribution network. Water supply system Karanovac is gravitational.
2.3.6.1 SOURCES IN WSS KARANOVAC The sources of water supply system Karanovac are three capture structures which are located in the catchment area of the river Mala Prenja. These are captures Mala Prenja, which is located at the elevation 260.0 m a.s.l. and capture structure at the source Vrelca which is located at the elevation 320.0 m a.s.l. Water supply system is constructed in two stages. Source Mala Prenja (Donji izvor) which originates at the left side of the river bed of Mala Prenja at the elevation 260.0 m a.s.l. was introduced in the first stage. Capacity of these springs is: Spring Mala Prenja with average annual yield of Q=2.50 l/s. Unfortunately, as for other sources there are no data on minimum spring yield. Approximately 1.0 l/s of water is being lost at this source due to inadequately built capture structure (around 0.33 l /s of water is being lost) and due to transmission pipeline (around 0.50 l/s of water is being lost). Spring Vrelca (Gornje vrelo), medium yield Q=3.50 l/s of which 2.50 l/s is transported to WSS Karanovac and 1.0 l/s in WSS Sočkovac. It was captured in the upper part of Mala Prenja river flow and according to the existing project documentation minimum spring yield is Qmin=0.67 l/s. In the Mala Prenja river basin, especially in its upper part, there are several springs that are not captured yet and they could be connected to the existing pipeline from the spring Vrelca.
2.3.6.2 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM IN WSS KARANOVAC From the spring Mala Prenja (Donje vrelo), which is located at the elevation 260.0 m a.s.l. through a PVC pipeline, diameter OD 75 mm, total length L=600.0 m, water is transported to the reservoir with an inlet elevation 258.4 m a.s.l.. During the construction of the reservoir, it was set 9.0 m higher than anticipated, resulting in reduced capacity of the supply pipeline. Pipeline cannot accept the entire amount of water from the source (it is estimated that 0.50 l/s of water overflows). Calculate the pipeline capacity OD 75 mm, L=600 m, H=1.60 m – pipeline would not be able to accept additional amount of water that could be taken Water is transported to the reservoir from the capture structure of the source Vrelca, along river valley of the Mala Prenja. Pipeline is made of PVC pipes. One part of the pipeline has diameter of OD 90 mm and other OD 75 mm. Length of pipeline is L=1,600.0 m. This pipeline was over-dimensioned in relation to the spring capacity. Pipelines are constructed without sludge discharge and air valves, which certainly reduces their discharge. It is also possible to lower the input pipe OD 90 mm in the reservoir which would increase the pipeline capacity.
2.3.6.3 RESERVOIR Reservoir is located on the hill overlooking Karanovca immediately before the mouth of the Mala Prenja river into the Velika Prenja river. Reservoir has a volume of 50.0 m3 and elevation of reservoir
Chapter: Master Plan 54 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
intake is 258.4 m a.s.l. which means that the bottom level of reservoir is 1-2 m below. The reservoir has good position in relation to the settlement. Table 14: Reservoirs in WSS Karanovac
Storage Overflow Level Reservoir Volume (m.a.s.l.) (m3) Karanovac 256,00 50,00 Reservoir of the first zone 220,00 50,00 Total: 100,00
2.3.6.4 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN WSS KARANOVAC From the reservoir, water is further distributed to consumers. Elevation of the reservoir is 258.4 m a.s.l. and the settlement is located between 160.0 m a.s.l. and 250.0 m a.s.l.. However, most of the settlement is located between the elevation of 160 and 200 m a.s.l. which means that the distribution system should be divided into two supply zones. There are no precise data on distribution network and cadastre of underground installation does not exist. The scheme of water supply system was made according to the documentation from the eighties. Under this scheme, length of distribution network is approximately L=13,745.56 m. Table 15: Pipelines in WSS Karanovac
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length Section Pipeline (mm) (m) Pipe P1 75,00 593,35 Transmission Pipeline Pipe P2 90,00 740,51 - Source Mala Prenja (Donji Pipe P14 90,00 704,95 izvor) - reservoir - Source Vrelca (Gornje vrelo) - Pipe P22 90,00 471,58 Reservoir Total transmission Pipelines: 2.510,39 Pipe P3 90,00 692,11 Pipe P4 90,00 658,55 Pipe P5 90,00 505,31 Pipe P6 90,00 402,37 Pipe P7 90,00 165,94 Pipe P8 90,00 1.225,23 Pipe P9 90,00 577,39 Pipe P10 90,00 698,85 Pipe P11 90,00 1.548,58 Pipe P12 90,00 1.365,81 Distribution Pipelines Pipe P13 90,00 559,50 Pipe P15 90,00 283,25 Pipe P16 90,00 1.152,64 Pipe P17 90,00 397,24 Pipe P18 90,00 465,77 Pipe P19 90,00 1.391,85 Pipe P20 90,00 1.123,71 Pipe P21 90,00 42,35 Pipe P23 90,00 489,13
Chapter: Master Plan 55 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Total Main Distribution Pipelines: 13.745,56
Grand Total Transmission and Distribution 16.255,95 Pipelines:
2.3.6.5 WATER PRODUCTION AND WATER CONSUMPTION There are no data on water production. There are no flow meters at the sources or at reservoirs. Water consumption measurements are not performed either due to defective meters or lacking any. Practically, we cannot establish any form of water balance due to lack of measurements of both water production and water consumption.
2.3.6.6 REGULATORY PLAN Water supply of the part of settlement Karanovac covered by the regulatory plan is carried out from the local pipelines and individual reservoirs (wells). In the scope of Regulatory plan, water supply network is poorly developed. Water system deficiencies in the coverage plan: distribution network does not cover entirely the given area, the uncertainty in supplying the required amounts of water and safe water, etc. There is a need to build a new water distribution network. This regulatory plan envisages that the prospective users should be supplied with sanitary water separately from the technical and hydrant water. A new source of sanitary and technical water is planned in the area of Karanovac (near the Spreča River) in the future. Water would be pumped from the well and further, after necessary treatment (water plant-sanitary water), delivered to the consumers. In the scope of the plan, there are several new streets-access roads, which previously did not have any built water supply network. Water supply network (sanitary and technical water) was planned within public areas (walkways). Existing and planned consumers within the coverage of Regulatory plan would be supplied with sanitary, technical and hydrant water from the planned source at the Karanovac locality. Sanitary water distribution network is developed as a ring-based network, which provides greater security in supply and better water circulation. Adopted diameter minimum of distribution network is Ø100 mm. Required amounts of water are, as follows: specific daily consumption per capita qsp=145 l per capita per day; specific consumption for other specific contents should be analysed separately according to specific requirements;
daily variation coefficient Kbot=1.5;
hourly variation coefficient Kh=2.0 Fire protection should be resolved in line with the applicable Fire Protection Act and other regulations in this field.
Chapter: Master Plan 56 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.3.7 OVERALL DATA FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY The tables below provide overall data on water supply systems in Petrovo Municipality. Total length of pipeline in Petrovo Municipality in four elaborated water supply systems is L=80,242.52 m. Table 16: Pipeline Summary for Petrovo Municipality
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length Section Pipeline (mm) (m) Transmission Pipelines 6.297,00 Pipelines in Distribution System 50 - 150 17.175,60 WSS Petrovo Total Distribution Pipelines in WSS Petrovo: 23.472,60 Transmission Pipelines 2.343,01 Pipelines in Distribution System 50 - 150 10.794,00 WSS Kakmuž Total Distribution Pipelines in WSS Kakmuž: 13.137,01 Transmission Pipelines 7.481,49 Pipelines in Distribution System 50 - 150 19.895,48 WSS Sočkovac Total Distribution Pipelines in WSS Sočkovac: 27.376,96 Transmission Pipelines 2.510,39 Pipelines in Distribution System 50 - 150 13.745,56 WSS Karanovac Total Distribution Pipelines in WSS Karanovac: 16.255,95 Grand Total Distribution Pipelines: 80.242,52
Table 17: Reservoirs in Petrovo Municipality
Bottom Level Storage Volume Water Supply System Reservoir (m.a.s.l.) (m3) Kaluđerica Collection Basin 293,60 40,00 Jama (planned) 226,70 100,00 Špilja Break-pressure chamber 350,00 6,00 Petrovo Špilja-Kaluđerica 298,00 20,00 Petrovo 269,25 125,00 Total: 291,00 Volujak 2 230,00 50,00 Kakmuž Volujak 1 162,30 100,00 Total: 150,00 Popovića brdo 222,00 100,00 Porašljika 252,00 20,00 Sočkovac Vrelca 280,00 50,00 Vranovac 307,50 50,00 Total: 220,00 Karanovac 256,00 50,00 Karanovac Reservoir of the First Zone 220,00 50,00 Total: 100,00 Storage Volume of Reservoirs which serve for water distribution 595,00 Total volume of reservoir space 761,00
Chapter: Master Plan 57 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 18: Source Summary for Petrovo Municipality
Minimum Average Average Water Water Supply source annual annual transport to Source Name Location Note System capacity capacity capacity the (l/s) (l/s) (m3) reservoir
Captured sources On the slopes of Mount Kaluđerica 1 and 2 2,3 3,5 110.376,0 gravity Ozren WSS Petrovo On the slopes of Mount Jama 5,0 157.680,0 gravity Ozren Lakonica 1 Kakmuž 6,0 189.216,0 gravity It is possible to increase the capacity for 6-8 l/s by installing pump in the existing well Lakonica 1 and by drilling a new well at Lakonica 2 Kakmuž WSS Kakmuž 1,0 31.536,0 gravity Lakonica 2.
Markovac Kakmuž 1,0 31.536,0 gravity Inadequately captured, it is possible to abstract Vrela Sočkovac WSS Sočkovac 6,0 189.216,0 gravity additional quantity of around 4 l/s Part of Sočkovca gravity Q=1,0 l/s Vrelca Karanovac 3,5 110.376,0 Part of Boljanića gravity Q=2,5 l/s
Prenja in the valley of Mala Prenja WSS Karanovac 2,5 78.840,0 gravity
Radojka LC Porječina WSS Porječina 0,5 15.768,0 gravity
Small sources LC Porječina Part of Porječine 0,3 9.460,8 gravity
Total: 29,3 924.004,8
Chapter: Master Plan 58 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.3.8 WATER PRODUCTION AND WATER CONSUMPTION
Lack of metering in the system is one of the major deficiencies in all water supply system that we are dealing with in this Study. There are no measurements at sources, reservoirs or by end users.
Continuous measurements during 24 hours that could provide data on unevenness of flow over time also do not exist. In this way, much could be concluded about the state of the system since the night flows are mainly losses in the system.
It is assumed that percentage of physical losses as a part of Non-Revenue Water Quantity is large.
Developing hydraulic model of water supply systems which would be calibrated is one of the future priorities. Calibration of the model requires multiday measurements of flow and pressure in the characteristic points of the system. It also requires measurements at typical consumers in order to calculate specific consumption. Table 19: Produced, Revenue and Non-Revenue Water Quantity
Connection Number Consumer Number Network ZONES Consumers’ Length Industry Industry Households TOTAL Households Number - (km) and Other and Other Estimate
Petrovo 807 324 1.131 984 3.513 343 23.472,60
Kakmuž 982 135 1.117 1.197 4.273 140 13.137,01
Karanovac 251 143 394 285 1.017 149 16.255,95
Sočkovac 647 17 664 789 2.817 17 27.376,96
Porječina 374 24 398 456 1.628 26 Krtova and 465 17 482 596 2.128 20 Kaluđerica Total 3.525,00 660 4.185 4.307,00 15.376 695,00 80.242,52
In order to keep the system under control it is necessary to perform measurements in the system. Measurements have to be conducted on a daily basis at source, reservoirs, pumping stations, at certain system zones as well as by end users. Only a sufficient number of measurements in the system can provide good control over the system and improve its performance. Losses can be kept under control, which requires funds and above all, well-trained team for detection of losses as well as financial incentives for experts dealing with this difficult and demanding job. Detection and removal of losses in water supply system should be approached in systematic and continuous manner. This is the only way to achieve good results.
Chapter: Master Plan 59 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.4 ANALYSIS AND CAPACITY ASSESSMENT OF PARTNER MUNICIPALITY AND ASSOCIATED UTILITY COMPANY Population of Petrovo Municipality is predominantly rural and unevenly distributed over the municipal territory, with a relatively low population density. Petrovo Municipality belongs to the extremely underdeveloped municipalities within Republic of Srpska and according to the findings of the Study called “Regional Disparities in BiH” conducted by the UNDP of BiH in 2010, on the basis of multi-criterion development analysis Municipality of Petrovo occupies 134 position of 142 municipalities in BiH. This situation is reflected on the structute of employees in the territory of Petrovo Municipality, so that app. 800 persons have been permanently employed while remaining are mainly engaged in agriculture or some other seasonal jobs. There are app. 1,370 unemployed persons according to estimates. Management, use and maintenance of water supply network are responsibility of PE Komunalno Petrovo, founded in 1990. As noted above, besides public network there are several local water supply systems. These systems are not under control or responsibility of legal institutions. The system in Karanovac is managed by association of citizens, while other systems are the responsibility of local communities. Public Enterprise „Komunal“, which is during this Study development shut down and then re- established and which employs 10 persons, provides services of water supply system maintenance and water delivery for 4 Local communities (Petrovo, Porječina, Kaluđerica and Krtova). In these 4 LC the Company provides service for 961 household which has 3 members in average, which indicates that, by the estimates, company provides service for 2,883 users. According to the information provided from Petrovo Municipality, in the 3 remaining Local Communities (Karanovac, Sočkovac and Kakmuž) water supply system maintenance and water delivery are responsibility of association of citizens. In the abovementioned 3 LC public water system covers total of 977 households. PE „Komunal“ Petrovo also provides service of garbage disposal. An overview of employees in PE „Komunal“ is given below: Seq. No. Employed Staff Total 1 MSc in Mechanical Engineering 1 2 Economist 1 3 Mechanical Technician 1 4 Machinist 1 5 Grammar School – Specialist of certain duties 1 6 Skilled Welder 1 7 Driver 1 8 Low-qualified Worker 3 Total Number of Employees: 10
Chapter: Master Plan 60 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 20: Price of Water in 2010
Component Cost Water Component 0,50 BAM/m3 Sewage Component 0,10 BAM/m3 Tax on the abstraction of Water 0,05 BAM/m3 Taxes on Pollution 0,04 BAM/m3 VAT 0,10 BAM/m3 TOTAL COMBINED COST 0,79 BAM/m3
Table 21: Planned Price for Water in 2015
Component Cost Water Component 0,90 BAM/m3 Sewage Component 0,10 BAM/m3 Tax on the abstraction of Water 0,10 BAM/m3 Taxes on Pollution 0,04 BAM/m3 VAT 0,10 BAM/m3 TOTAL COMBINED COST 1,24 BAM/m3
Chapter: Master Plan 61 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.5 ANALYSIS OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.5.1 COVERAGE AREA OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY Water supply systems in the area of Petrovo municipality partially meet the needs of the population and economy. Percentage of municipal population which has organized water supply is very high, around 62 %. Table 22: Population Supplied with Water from Water Supply Systems
Population connected to water Percentage out of the Total Water Supply System supply systems Population
Petrovo 1.904
Kakmuž 1.800
Karanovac 1.146
Sočkovac 900
Population Total 5.750 61,89%
Only water supply systems Petrovo and Kakmuž are under control of the water utility company. Table 23: Population Serviced from the Water Supply Systems
Population connected to water Percentage out of the Total Water Supply System supply systems Population
Petrovo 1.904
Kakmuž 1.800
Population Total 3.704 39,87%
In the future, there are real chances that the rest of the population will be water services through water supply systems under the management of water utility company. Some of the systems which are not currently connected to the city water supply system will be connected in the future to the WSS Petrovo - Kakmuž.
2.5.2 SOURCES AND BALANCE OF WATER QUANTITIES
2.5.2.1 ABSTRACTED WATER QUANTITIES There are a number of water sources in the area of Petrovo municipality and water supply systems which are covered in this Master plan. This is quite complicated for the functioning of the system mainly due to water intake maintenance and water quality control. In Table 7: Existing and Potential Sources in the Area of Petrovo Municipality was given an overview of all sources in the area of the municipality which are used for water supply or they are planned to be captured. Unfortunately, there are no data on their minimum yield which is essential for the water balance. Available data are quite undefined, so we cannot know the exact amount of water involved. Water sources are only partially protected.
The average yield of sources which are captured is Qsr=29.3 l/s. There are no data on minimum source yield, which would be vital for all design.
Chapter: Master Plan 62 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.5.2.2 SOURCE PROTECTION AND WATER QUALITY In order to protect sources, the Source Sanitary Protection Zone Study has not been developed.
2.5.2.3 WATER QUANTITY BALANCE IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY We can not determine even the approximate balance of water quantities since there are no data on minimum source yield.
2.5.2.4 PROJECTED WATER REQUIREMENTS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY The required water quantities in water supply system primarily depend on specific consumption of population and industry, number of inhabitants and losses in the water supply systems.
2.5.2.4.1 SPECIFIC WATER CONSUMPTION Water consumption is the amount (the consumption) of water by certain consumer category, or in total, expressed in the time unit. Therefore, analysis of water consumption refers to defining required water quantities for certain category of users, i.e.: (1) For household requirements (water supplying of population), (2) For industrial (technological) requirements, (3) For fire brigade and personal requirements of water utility company. As the basic data for determining water consumption for population requirements are used: (1) the norm of water consumption expressed in specific water consumption, (2) population.
Specific water consumption, qsp [l/capita/day], is defined as the consumption of water per capita per day (24hours). That water quantity consists of consumption for different needs and depends on the degree of sanitary- technical equipment in housing, standard of living, quality and price of water, settlement characteristics, the existence of sewers, climate conditions, etc. Specific water consumption is basic element for functional dimensioning of water supply system. Of its accurate determination depends whether the designed water system during their designing period will meet the required needs. It is determined primarily on the basis of experience in exploitation of existing water systems. In most countries it is regulated by the legislation in accordance with the size of the settlement (town). In our country there are no such regulations, thus in practice we use the foreign guidelines. These values should certainly be considered as guidelines, because significant deviations are possible in specific cases. Let us mention that in the literature specific water consumption very often also includes water consumption for other categories of consumers. However, such an understanding of specific water consumption is more a matter of methodological approach rather than some important conceptual differences. The only important thing in determining specific water consumption is to clearly emphasise whether it contains only water consumption for population or it also covers water consumption for other categories of consumers, especially industry (agriculture). Unfortunately, we are still using in the design the recommendations which were done in the analysis 40 – 50 years ago. Also, in the recommendations that are being used, the values are given on a large scale so the only way to determine accurately the specific consumption is to use results of water consumption measurements. In recent years, specific consumption of population is decreasing even
Chapter: Master Plan 63 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
in the plans. It is believed that due to the rational use of water in the future , specific consumption will be between qspec.=150-200 l/capita/day. This is rather ‘loose’ specific consumption that is planned even in the European Union countries at the end of planned period. Experts estimate that this will be sufficient for this area. Due to lack of measurements of both produced water quantity and consumed water quantity, one cannot determine the actual specific consumption. For that reason, one will have to take data from the literature. These kinds of conclusions are also valid for determining coefficients of variation in water consumption. In planning and hydraulic calculations, it is highly important to accurately determine coefficients of daily and hourly variations. As with the specific consumption, one can use the recommendations from the literature, but the only valid way is to use data from measurements of water consumption. Determining coefficient of daily variation requires data on consumption and production of water on a daily basis for at least a year. Determining hourly variations requires continuous measurements of water consumption in 24 hours. It is desirable to have these kinds of measurements for different seasons, or whether it is working or non-working day, etc. There are no measurements for Petrovo Municipality in order to determine these coefficients. Value is taken from the literature.
2.5.2.4.2 PROJECTED POPULATION IN PLANNING PERIOD Number of inhabitants in water supply area depends on local and general socio-economic factors and it changes over time. As pointed out previously, designing water supply systems is conducted for certain project period, usually 20 to 25 (50) years and most often with assumed population growth. Therefore, the problem boils down to defining number of inhabitants in the area of water supply for adopted project period, i.e. for the final development phase. This information is primarily obtained from the spatial plan, but if plan does not exist, or its estimates regarding population prognosis are considered unrealistic, some of the procedures for population estimates is being applied. Therefore, for example, assuming geometric growth, number of inhabitants, Nk, at the end of project period is defined by the formula: where:
( ⁄ ) No – current population, [inhabitant], p – annual growth rate, [%]. This parameter depends on the size of settlement, the development of the economy (primarily industry and tourism), migration trends, etc., Rp – project period, [year]. The Chapter 2.2.1.2.2 POPULATION PROJECTION provides population estimates for the planning period by 2035. The method of estimates was used for all settlements that will be in spatial coverage. Data from previous planning documents were also used for population estimates for the planning period.. Table 6: Population Estimate for the 2035 Planning Period provides projection of population for the planning period by 2035. It was planned that population will increase from the current 9,290 to 10,325 inhabitants at the end of planning period by 2035.
Chapter: Master Plan 64 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 24: Planned Population Growth in Petrovo Municipality - Summary
Year Local Community 2010 2020 2035
Petrovo 3.114 3.273 3.527
Kakmuž 2.402 2.525 2.721
Karanovac 1.311 1.392 1.523 Sočkovac 1.120 1.143 1.178
Porječina 751 759 770
Krtova and Kaluđerica 591 597 606
Population Total 9.290 9.689 10.325
2.5.2.4.3 PROJECTED WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY With determined specific consumptions, current and projected, the population figures in the planning period, we can calculate the amount of water needed for water supply systems. The required amounts of water are calculated from the year 2010 to the end of planning period 2035, in increments of 5 years.
Based on data on specific water consumption, qsp, and population, Nk, it is possible to determine average daily water consumption, Qsr, using the expression:
Qsr = qsp * Nk
Average daily water consumption was firstly calculated only for population. In the preceding chapters, where water production and water consumption were given, a specific consumption of population without industry and losses was determined. It was separately calculated the consumption of the economy and specific consumption of population which includes, besides consumption of population, the consumption of economy. In the end, a specific consumption of population was determined, which includes all losses, i.e. quantities of non-revenue water. However, it is obvious that hydraulic dimensioning of certain water supply system facilities (capacity of water intakes and pumps, reservoir volume, capacity of device for water conditioning, the dimensions of transmission and distribution pipelines) should be aware of water consumption regime. This parameter depends on many factors associated with the people’s habits and activities. This is the reason why water consumption varies, i.e. oscillates (up or down) from the previously expressed average values. This fact is more pronounced if the period decreases from, e.g. year or month to a day or an hour and if it is about smaller settlement i.e. smaller population size. Thus, in smaller settlements (mostly suburban and rural character) significantly less water is being spent at night than during the daytime, while during the day the consumption in the morning, afternoon and late afternoon is higher than in the early morning hours and late afternoon. In contrast, in big towns such oscillation is smaller, not only during the day, but also in comparison with night water consumption. Therefore, for dimensioning certain facilities in the system it is necessary to determine the maximum daily amount of water. The amount of water that is spent annually during the days of peak consumption we call peak (maximum) daily water consumption, Qmaxdaily. This amount of water is obtained by multiplying the average daily water quantity with coefficient of daily variation. Variation coefficient of peak daily water consumption Empirical values of this coefficient are in function of settlement size i.e. the number of inhabitants. There are theoretically assumed values of this coefficient. However, as for the specific consumption, there is no need to take values from theory if we have measures in the system. In WSS Petrovo there is
Chapter: Master Plan 65 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
no such measurements that will enable determining this coefficient, thus, the coefficient will be taken in line with the literature. Variation coefficient of peak hourly water consumption The amount of water consumed in an hour of peak consumption we call the peak (maximum) hourly water consumption. For determining hourly variation coefficient it is necessary to continuously measure consumption by mobile flow meter in a 24-hour time at least. Consumption should also be measured for various types of connections - individual housing, collective housing, commercial buildings, etc.
According to the available planning documentation this coefficient is Kh=1.8. Water consumption for industrial purposes In determining water consumption for industrial use only from literature, one should be very careful, because water consumption per unit of output varies significantly and is often different even in the similar companies, since it depends on type of applied equipment, technological process patterns and some local conditions. Therefore, water consumption in industry is best determined by the survey of manufacturing technologists, i.e. on the spot (on a case-by-case basis), respecting the specific requirements, because the differences from usual average values can be multiple. It is also common that quantities of water needed for industry must be calculated for certain groups of companies that set different requirements in terms of water quality. That is why (especially when it comes to large amounts) it is economically unacceptable to perform conditioning of water for industrial use to the level of required potable water standards even if that level of quality is not required. Due to lack of data, in this Study we will take the percentage from the population requirements.
When we do hydraulic dimensioning of water supply facilities, the following water quantities are considered:
(1) peak daily consumption, Qmax, for hydraulic dimensioning of: water intake – capacity of the source, pumping stations (for all water supply systems other than pressure systems), device for water conditioning, reservoirs, main supply pipelines connecting these facilities. (2) peak hourly consumption, qmax, for hydraulic dimensioning of: pumping stations (at pressure systems), main distribution pipelines, main supply- distribution pipelines, distribution network. Therefore, for required amount of water in the system a peak daily water quantity is relevant. On the other hand, the relevant amount of water at the source is minimal. The tables give estimates of water requirements for Petrovo. The overall summary of water requirements was also provided in tables. The following table depicts values only for the years 2010, 2020 and 2035.
Chapter: Master Plan 66 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 25: Prognosis of Peak Daily Water Quantities in Planning Period by 2035
Projected Population in the municipal area 2010 2020 2035 Water Supply Systems Unit 9.290 9.689 10.325
Peak Daily Water Requirements
Estimate of Required Water Quantities for Petrovo l/s 9,09 10,96 13,64
Estimate of Required Water Quantities for Kakmuž l/s 8,59 7,98 10,52
Estimate of Required Water Quantities for Karanovac l/s 5,47 4,92 5,89
Estimate of Required Water Quantities for Sočkovac l/s 6,14 4,37 5,20
Estimate of Required Water Quantities for Porječje l/s 2,51 2,54 2,98
Estimate of Required Water Quantities for Krtova and Kaluđerica l/s 1,98 2,00 2,34 Total of the Required Peak Daily Water Quantities with l/s 33,78 32,78 40,56 Losses Required peak daily water quantities in WSS Petrovo are, as follows:
for the year 2010 Qmax daily 33,78 l/s
for the year 2020 Qmax daily =32,78 l/s
for the year 2035 Qmax daily=40,56 l/s The results indicate that required daily water quantity increases constantly. The plan is to reduce the amount of Non-Revenue water from the current 50 % to the acceptable 20 % at the end of planning period. Therefore, reduction of the amount of Non-Revenue Water is certainly the first measure for reduction of water deficit in the system. At the end of planning period the specific consumption of population was given (without economy and losses) qsp=150 l/capita/day.
Total required water quantity in WSS Petrovo at the end of planning period is Qmax daily 40.56 l/s.
The estimates for water requirements in a certain planning period are very sensitive issue especially in smaller towns. Based on the experience, the share of economy in water consumption is around 20 %. Change in economy’s requirements for water (this particularly relates to food industry) can change these values significantly. Unfortunately, at this point we cannot even assume the possibility of the appearance of such consumers in the future.
Chapter: Master Plan 67 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 26: Estimates of Required Water Quantities for WSS Petrovo
Estimates of Required Water Quantities for Petrovo
Percentage of population growth: 0.50 %
Projected population in the system scope Unit of Description of Consumption measurement 2010 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 3.114 3.145 3.192 3.273 3.356 3.440 3.527 Population connected to the system 1.904 2.044 2.554 2.946 3.020 3.268 3.351 Average specific water consumption of the population l/capita per day 110,00 110 115 120 130 140 150 Percentage of population connected to the system % 61,15 65,00 80,00 90,00 90,00 95,00 95,00 Average water consumption of population lps 2,42 2,60 3,40 4,09 4,54 5,30 5,82 Share of economy in water consumption % 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 Average water consumption of economy lps 0,61 0,65 0,85 1,02 1,14 1,32 1,45 Total average water consumption of population + economy lps 3,03 3,25 4,25 5,11 5,68 6,62 7,27 Specific consumption of population + economy l/capita per day 137,50 216,90 168,70 144,60 120,50 96,40 96,40 Total daily average water consumption of population + economy m3/day 262 281 367 442 491 572 628 Total monthly average water consumption population + economy m3/month 7.963 8.550 11.167 13.440 14.928 17.398 19.111 Total average annual water consumption population + economy m3/year 95.557 102.598 134.004 161.281 179.133 208.772 229.333 Coefficient of seasonal consumption variation of population 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the population lps 3,64 3,90 5,10 6,14 6,82 7,94 8,73 Coefficient of seasonal variation of economy 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the economy lps 0,91 0,98 1,27 1,53 1,70 1,99 2,18 Total maximum daily water consumption (population+economy) lps 4,55 4,88 6,37 7,67 8,52 9,93 10,91 Total average water losses in the system (non-revenue water amount) % 50,00 45,00 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 20,00 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses lps 6,06 5,92 6,54 7,31 7,57 8,28 9,09 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses m3/month 15.926 15.545 17.180 19.200 19.904 21.747 23.889 Specific water consumption population + economy with losses l/capita per day 275,00 250,00 221,15 214,29 216,67 218,75 234,38 Total of needed maximum daily water quantity with losses lps 9,09 8,87 9,81 10,96 11,36 12,41 13,64
Chapter: Master Plan 68 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 27: Estimates of Required Water Quantities for WSS Kakmuž
Estimates of Required Water Quantities for Kakmuž
Percentage of population growth: 0,50 %
Projected population in the system scope Unit of Description of Consumption measuremen 2010 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 t 2.402 2.426 2.462 2.525 2.588 2.654 2.721 Population connected to the system 1.800 1.819 1.970 2.146 2.330 2.521 2.585 l/capita per Average specific water consumption of the population day 110 110 115 120 130 140 150 Percentage of population connected to the system % 74,94 75,00 80,00 85,00 90,00 95,00 95,00 Average water consumption of population lps 2,29 2,32 2,62 2,98 3,51 4,09 4,49 Share of economy in water consumption % 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 Average water consumption of economy lps 0,57 0,58 0,66 0,75 0,88 1,02 1,12 Total average water consumption of population + economy lps 2,86 2,90 3,28 3,73 4,38 5,11 5,61 l/capita per Specific consumption of population + economy day 137,50 216,90 168,70 144,60 120,50 96,40 96,40 Total daily average water consumption of population + economy m3/day 248 250 283 322 379 441 485 Total monthly average water consumption population + economy m3/month 7.528 7.609 8.614 9.791 11.514 13.420 14.741 Total average annual water consumption population + economy m3/year 90.338 91.313 103.363 117.492 138.173 161.035 176.894 Coefficient of seasonal consumption variation of population 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the population lps 3,44 3,47 3,93 4,47 5,26 6,13 6,73 Coefficient of seasonal variation of economy 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the economy lps 0,86 0,87 0,98 1,12 1,31 1,53 1,68 Total maximum daily water consumption (population+economy) lps 4,30 4,34 4,92 5,59 6,57 7,66 8,41 Total average water losses in the system (non-revenue water amount) % 50,00 45,00 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 20,00 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses lps 5,73 5,26 5,04 5,32 5,84 6,38 7,01 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses m3/month 15.056 13.835 13.252 13.987 15.353 16.774 18.426 l/capita per Specific water consumption population + economy with losses day 275,00 250,00 221,15 214,29 216,67 218,75 234,38 Total of needed maximum daily water quantity with losses lps 8,59 7,90 7,56 7,98 8,76 9,57 10,52
Chapter: Master Plan 69 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 28: Estimates of Required Water Quantities for WSS Sočkovac
Estimates of Required Water Quantities for Sočkovac
Percentage of population growth: 0,20 %
Projected population in the system scope Unit of Description of Consumption measurement 2010 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 1.120 1.125 1.131 1.143 1.154 1.166 1.178 Population connected to the system 900 956 1.018 1.029 1.039 1.108 1.119 l/capita per Average specific water consumption of the population day 110 110 115 120 130 140 150 Percentage of population connected to the system % 80,34 85,00 90,00 90,00 90,00 95,00 95,00 Average water consumption of population lps 1,15 1,22 1,36 1,43 1,56 1,79 1,94 Share of economy in water consumption % 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 Average water consumption of economy lps 0,49 0,52 0,58 0,61 0,67 0,77 0,83 Total average water consumption of population + economy lps 1,64 1,74 1,94 2,04 2,23 2,56 2,77 l/capita per Specific consumption of population + economy day 157,14 241,00 168,70 144,60 120,50 96,40 96,40 Total daily average water consumption of population + economy m3/day 141 150 167 176 193 222 240 Total monthly average water consumption population + economy m3/month 4.302 4.569 5.089 5.363 5.868 6.738 7.292 Total average annual water consumption population + economy m3/year 51.621 54.834 61.063 64.358 70.421 80.855 87.500 Coefficient of seasonal consumption variation of population 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the population lps 1,72 1,83 2,03 2,14 2,34 2,69 2,91 Coefficient of seasonal variation of economy 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the economy lps 0,74 0,78 0,87 0,92 1,00 1,15 1,25 Total maximum daily water consumption (population+economy) lps 2,46 2,61 2,90 3,06 3,35 3,85 4,16 Total average water losses in the system (non-revenue water amount) % 60,00 50,00 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 20,00 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses lps 4,09 3,48 2,98 2,92 2,98 3,20 3,47 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses m3/month 10.754 9.139 7.829 7.662 7.825 8.422 9.115 l/capita per Specific water consumption population + economy with losses day 392,86 314,29 252,75 244,90 247,62 250,00 267,86 Total of needed maximum daily water quantity with losses lps 6,14 5,22 4,47 4,37 4,47 4,81 5,20
Chapter: Master Plan 70 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 29: Estimates of Required Water Quantities for WSS Karanovac
Estimates of Required Water Quantities for Karanovac
Percentage of population growth: 0,60 %
Projected population in the system scope Unit of Description of Consumption measurement 2010 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 1.311 1.327 1.351 1.392 1.435 1.478 1.523 Population connected to the system 1.146 1.195 1.216 1.323 1.363 1.404 1.447 l/capita per Average specific water consumption of the population day 110 110 115 120 130 140 150 Percentage of population connected to the system % 87,38 90,00 90,00 95,00 95,00 95,00 95,00 Average water consumption of population lps 1,46 1,52 1,62 1,84 2,05 2,28 2,51 Share of economy in water consumption % 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 Average water consumption of economy lps 0,36 0,38 0,40 0,46 0,51 0,57 0,63 Total average water consumption of population + economy lps 1,82 1,90 2,02 2,30 2,56 2,84 3,14 l/capita per Specific consumption of population + economy day 137,50 216,90 168,70 144,60 120,50 96,40 96,40 Total daily average water consumption of population + economy m3/day 158 164 175 198 221 246 271 Total monthly average water consumption population + economy m3/month 4.793 4.996 5.317 6.035 6.736 7.475 8.252 Total average annual water consumption population + economy m3/year 57.515 59.950 63.809 72.417 80.833 89.694 99.019 Coefficient of seasonal consumption variation of population 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the population lps 2,19 2,28 2,43 2,76 3,08 3,41 3,77 Coefficient of seasonal variation of economy 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the economy lps 0,55 0,57 0,61 0,69 0,77 0,85 0,94 Total maximum daily water consumption (population+economy) lps 2,74 2,85 3,04 3,44 3,84 4,27 4,71 Total average water losses in the system (non-revenue water amount) % 50,00 45,00 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 20,00 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses lps 3,65 3,46 3,11 3,28 3,42 3,56 3,92 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses m3/month 9.586 9.083 8.181 8.621 8.981 9.343 10.314 l/capita per Specific water consumption population + economy with losses day 275,00 250,00 221,15 214,29 216,67 218,75 234,38 Total of needed maximum daily water quantity with losses lps 5,47 5,18 4,67 4,92 5,13 5,33 5,89
Chapter: Master Plan 71 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 30: Estimates of Required Water Quantities for the Area of Porječine
Estimates of Required Water Quantities for Porječje
Percentage of population growth: 0.10 %
Projected population in the system scope Unit of Description of Consumption measurement 2010 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 751 753 755 759 763 767 770 Population connected to the system 526 602 680 683 686 728 732 l/capita per Average specific water consumption of the population day 110 110 115 120 130 140 150 Percentage of population connected to the system % 70,00 80,00 90,00 90,00 90,00 95,00 95,00 Average water consumption of population lps 0,67 0,77 0,90 0,95 1,03 1,18 1,27 Share of economy in water consumption % 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 Average water consumption of economy lps 0,17 0,19 0,23 0,24 0,26 0,29 0,32 Total average water consumption of population + economy lps 0,84 0,96 1,13 1,19 1,29 1,47 1,59 l/capita per Specific consumption of population + economy day 137,50 216,90 168,70 144,60 120,50 96,40 96,40 Total daily average water consumption of population + economy m3/day 72 83 98 102 112 127 137 Total monthly average water consumption population + economy m3/month 2.200 2.519 2.971 3.116 3.393 3.876 4.174 Total average annual water consumption population + economy m3/year 26.395 30.227 35.657 37.394 40.713 46.513 50.085 Coefficient of seasonal consumption variation of population 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the population lps 1,00 1,15 1,36 1,42 1,55 1,77 1,91 Coefficient of seasonal variation of economy 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the economy lps 0,25 0,29 0,34 0,36 0,39 0,44 0,48 Total maximum daily water consumption (population+economy) lps 1,26 1,44 1,70 1,78 1,94 2,21 2,38 Total average water losses in the system (non-revenue water amount) % 50,00 45,00 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 20,00 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses lps 1,67 1,74 1,74 1,69 1,72 1,84 1,99 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses m3/month 4.399 4.580 4.571 4.452 4.524 4.845 5.217 l/capita per Specific water consumption population + economy with losses day 275,00 250,00 221,15 214,29 216,67 218,75 234,38 Total of needed maximum daily water quantity with losses lps 2,51 2,61 2,61 2,54 2,58 2,77 2,98
Chapter: Master Plan 72 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 31: Estimates of Required Water Quantities for the Area of Krtova and Kaluđerica
Estimates of Required Water Quantities for Krtova and Kaluđerica
Percentage of population growth: 0.10 %
Projected population in the system scope Unit of Description of Consumption measurement 2010 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 591 592 594 597 600 603 606 Population connected to the system 414 474 535 538 540 573 576 l/capita per Average specific water consumption of the population 110 110 115 120 130 140 150 day Percentage of population connected to the system % 70,00 80,00 90,00 90,00 90,00 95,00 95,00 Average water consumption of population lps 0,53 0,60 0,71 0,75 0,81 0,93 1,00 Share of economy in water consumption % 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 Average water consumption of economy lps 0,13 0,15 0,18 0,19 0,20 0,23 0,25 Total average water consumption of population + economy lps 0,66 0,75 0,89 0,93 1,02 1,16 1,25 l/capita per Specific consumption of population + economy day 137,50 216,90 168,70 144,60 120,50 96,40 96,40 Total daily average water consumption of population + economy m3/day 57 65 77 81 88 100 108 Total monthly average water consumption population + economy m3/month 1.731 1.982 2.339 2.452 2.670 3.050 3.285 Total average annual water consumption population + economy m3/year 20.773 23.788 28.062 29.429 32.041 36.606 39.417 Coefficient of seasonal consumption variation of population 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the population lps 0,79 0,91 1,07 1,12 1,22 1,39 1,50 Coefficient of seasonal variation of economy 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the economy lps 0,20 0,23 0,27 0,28 0,30 0,35 0,37 Total maximum daily water consumption (population+economy) lps 0,99 1,13 1,33 1,40 1,52 1,74 1,87 Total average water losses in the system (non-revenue water amount) % 50,00 45,00 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 20,00 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses lps 1,32 1,37 1,37 1,33 1,35 1,45 1,56 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses m3/month 3.462 3.604 3.598 3.503 3.560 3.813 4.106 l/capita per Specific water consumption population + economy with losses day 275,00 250,00 221,15 214,29 216,67 218,75 234,38 Total of needed maximum daily water quantity with losses lps 1,98 2,06 2,05 2,00 2,03 2,18 2,34
Chapter: Master Plan 73 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 32: Estimates of Required Water Quantities for the Area of Petrovo Municipality
Estimates of Required Water Quantities for Petrovo Municipality
Percentage of population growth: 0.42 %
Projected population in the system scope Unit of Description of Consumption measurement 2010 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 9.290 9.368 9.487 9.689 9.896 10.108 10.325 Population connected to the system 6.690 7.091 7.973 8.663 8.978 9.603 9.809 l/capita per Average specific water consumption of the population 110,00 110,00 115,00 120,00 130,00 140,00 150,00 day Percentage of population connected to the system % 72,01 75,69 84,04 89,42 90,72 95,00 95,00 Average water consumption of population lps 8,52 9,03 10,61 12,03 13,51 15,56 17,03 Share of economy in water consumption % 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00 Average water consumption of economy lps 2,33 2,47 2,90 3,26 3,66 4,21 4,60 Total average water consumption of population + economy lps 10,85 11,50 13,51 15,30 17,17 19,77 21,63 l/capita per Specific consumption of population + economy day 140,14 140,15 146,37 152,54 165,19 177,88 190,55 Total daily average water consumption of population + economy m3/day 938 994 1.167 1.322 1.483 1.708 1.869 Total monthly average water consumption population + economy m3/month 28.517 30.226 35.497 40.198 45.110 51.956 56.854 Total average annual water consumption population + economy m3/year 342.200 362.709 425.959 482.371 541.315 623.475 682.247 Coefficient of seasonal consumption variation of population 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the population lps 12,78 13,54 15,92 18,05 20,26 23,34 25,54 Coefficient of seasonal variation of economy 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 Maximum daily water consumption of the economy lps 3,50 3,71 4,34 4,89 5,48 6,32 6,91 Total maximum daily water consumption (population+economy) lps 16,28 17,25 20,26 22,94 25,75 29,66 32,45 Total average water losses in the system (non-revenue water amount) % 51,82 45,82 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 20,00 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses lps 22,52 21,23 20,78 21,85 22,89 24,71 27,04 Total of needed average daily water quantity with losses m3/month 59.184 55.787 54.610 57.425 60.146 64.945 71.067 l/capita per Specific water consumption population + economy with losses day 290,86 258,67 225,19 217,92 220,25 222,35 238,19 Total of needed maximum daily water quantity with losses lps 33,78 31,84 31,17 32,78 34,33 37,07 40,56
Chapter: Master Plan 74 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.5.3 RESERVOIRS The Table 17: Reservoirs in Petrovo Municipality provides an overview of the existing reservoirs. Not all reservoirs given in the table are intended for water distribution use. Some of these reservoirs are located at the capture structure buildings or serve as pressure relief chambers. The table gives the sum of reservoir space which serves only for water distribution to consumers. Total volume of reservoir is V=761.0 m3 while the distribution reservoir volume is V=595.0 m3. Analysing conditions in Petrovo Municipality we have reached the following conclusions:
2.5.3.1 PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – REQUIREMENTS FOR RESERVOIRS Existing reservoir space is insufficient. The required reservoir space for current needs would be V=230 m3 of reservoir space. According to current water quantities which are being abstracted, the required reservoir storage volume for the entire system would be:
Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Requirements Quantity Storage Volume Space (m3) (l/s) (m3) (m3) 9,09 235,62 125,00 110,62
Future reservoir space deficit was given in the table below.
2020 Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Quantity Storage Volume Space Requirements (l/s) (m3) (m3) 10,96 284,06 125,00 159,06 2035 Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Quantity Storage Volume Space Requirements (l/s) (m3) (m3) 13,64 353,42 125,00 228,42
The lack of reservoir space of around V=230 m3 can be noticed at the end of planning period by 2035. This storage volume refers only to distribution reservoirs.
2.5.3.2 KAKMUŽ WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – REQUIREMENTS FOR RESERVOIRS Existing reservoir space is insufficient. The required reservoir space for current needs would be V=230 m3 of reservoir space. According to current water quantities which are being abstracted, the required reservoir storage volume for the entire system would be:
Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Requirements Quantity Storage Volume Space (m3) (l/s) (m3) (m3) 8,59 222,75 150,00 72,75
Future reservoir space deficit was given in the table below.
Chapter: Master Plan 75 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2020 Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Quantity Storage Volume Space Requirements (l/s) (m3) (m3) 7,98 206,93 150,00 56,93 2035 Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Quantity Storage Volume Space Requirements (l/s) (m3) (m3) 10,52 272,61 150,00 122,61
The lack of reservoir space of around V=120 m3 can be noticed at the end of planning period by 2035. This storage volume refers only to distribution reservoirs.
2.5.3.3 SOČKOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – REQUIREMENTS FOR RESERVOIRS Existing reservoir space is insufficient. The required reservoir space for current needs would be V=150 m3 of reservoir space. According to current water quantities which are being abstracted, the required reservoir storage volume for the entire system would be:
Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Requirements Quantity Storage Volume Space (m3) (l/s) (m3) (m3) 6,14 159,11 120,00 39,11
Future reservoir space deficit was given in the table below.
2020 Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Quantity Storage Volume Space Requirements (l/s) (m3) (m3) 4,37 113,35 120,00 -6,65 2035 Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Quantity Storage Volume Space Requirements (l/s) (m3) (m3) 5,20 134,85 120,00 14,85
The lack of reservoir space of around V=15 m3 can be noticed at the end of planning period by 2035. This storage volume refers only to distribution reservoirs.
2.5.3.4 KARANOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – REQUIREMENTS FOR RESERVOIRS Existing reservoir space is insufficient. The required reservoir space for current needs would be V=140 m3 of reservoir space. According to current water quantities which are being abstracted, the required reservoir storage volume for the entire system would be:
Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Requirements Quantity Storage Volume Space (m3) (l/s) (m3) (m3) 5,47 141,82 100,00 41,82
Chapter: Master Plan 76 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Future reservoir space deficit was given in the table below.
2020 Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Quantity Storage Volume Space Requirements (l/s) (m3) (m3) 4,92 127,54 100,00 27,54 2035 Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Quantity Storage Volume Space Requirements (l/s) (m3) (m3) 5,89 152,60 100,00 52,60
The lack of reservoir space of around V=50 m3 can be noticed at the end of planning period by 2035. This storage volume refers only to distribution reservoirs.
2.5.3.5 PETROVO MUNICIPALITY – REQUIREMENTS FOR RESERVOIRS Existing reservoir space is insufficient. The required reservoir space for current needs would be V=750 m3 of reservoir space. According to current water quantities which are being abstracted, the required reservoir storage volume for the entire system would be:
Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Requirements Quantity Storage Volume Space (m3) (l/s) (m3) (m3) 29,29 759,29 495,00 264,29
Future reservoir space deficit was given in the table below.
2020 Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Quantity Storage Volume Space Requirements (l/s) (m3) (m3) 28,24 731,88 495,00 236,88 2035 Required Water Required Reservoir Required Reservoir Quantity Storage Volume Space Requirements (l/s) (m3) (m3) 35,24 913,48 495,00 418,48
The lack of reservoir space of around V=400 m3 can be noticed at the end of planning period by 2035. This storage volume refers only to distribution reservoirs. Other local communities are not included in these balances.
2.5.4 PIPELINES IN THE SYSTEM Basic characteristics of the existing pipelines are, as follows: Capacity of transmission pipeline is sufficient for current needs, however, transmission pipelines are old and it is estimated that they are cause of great water losses. These pipelines have been repaired several times, but without a complete replacement there can be no a good quality water supply of Petrovo. Capacity of transmission pipelines does not meet the future water requirements.
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Distribution network is in poor condition and it requires rehabilitation of losses, replacement of pipelines with observed losses as well as replacement of pipelines which represent bottleneck in the system. Also, construction of new pipelines is needed, in order to connect to the system the remaining population, currently lacking access to water supply system. Main problem are certainly water losses in the system. This problem is present throughout BiH, but, unfortunately, few programs to reduce losses were done. This issue must be approached systematically, for activities to reduce losses in the system are permanent. It is not possible to reduce the losses in a certain year and then do nothing in the following year, as that will almost certainly result in repeated losses. It has already been mentioned that water balance calculation implies that these losses will be reduced to minimum in the coming period, if we do not want to include in the system some new sources, already lacking in this area. Therefore, only the maintenance of the system, reduction of losses can lead to regular water supply.
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK EFFICIENCY Efficiency of the system can be expressed with the ratio. In the case of water supply system Petrovo we can give only an approximate ratio of Network Efficiency. Efficiency of network is, as follows:
Water losses Network efficiency = 1 - = 0.50 Inserted water
Efficiency of network is 0.50, which represents very low coefficient. Namely, in the European Union countries this coefficient ranges from 0.80 to 0.85. However, compared to other water supply systems in Republic of Srpska, where this coefficient is lower than 0.4, this coefficient is good. These are data for the year 2010. The following activities are the responsibility of Water utility company: construction and maintenance of Water Supply System, detection and reduction of water losses from the source to Consumers’ Water Meters, water billing for end users. In this part of the system there are various categories of losses. One of the possible divisions is on: visible, i.e. those easily detected without any complex research, and invisible, i.e. those whose detection requires various measurements, analysis of research, etc. In the part of water supply system from the Water Meter to the Consumer i.e. at the individual consumer point, there are water losses. This part of network i.e. these losses are responsibility of owners of associated facilities or Housing Funds responsible for maintenance of residential buildings. In circumstances when water meters operate properly or when the water has an economic cost, Water Utility company has no interest in reducing this consumption or losses. But in present circumstances, when the price of water charged by water utility is unrealistically low, it is in the utility company’s best interest to reduce these losses, because unnecessary waste of water or water leakage in some consumer connections have resulted in irregular water supply of other, than irregular payments all leading to a ‘vicious circle’. Therefore, water losses after the water meter are not responsibility of water utility company, but it is in its best interest to reduce them. Water utility can affect it by education of the population through the media and forums as well as educational institutions.
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Moreover, water utility should organise its own team for repair of these defects at minimum maintenance costs. This would also have a favourable impact on citizens’ trust in water supply company. Invisible water losses occur in the following points in the system: water leakage in the water supply network, underground, losses due to defective water meter, losses due to unauthorized consumption, losses in household installations.
2.5.4.1 TRANSMISSION PIPELINES The following transmission pipelines are constructed for transport of water from the source to the reservoir:
2.5.4.1.1 PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – TRANSMISSION PIPELINES Water is transported from the existing sources Kaluđerica and Špilja via following pipelines: Part of the pipeline between capture structure "Špilja" and pressure relief chamber is made of PELD OD 75 mm, NP 6 bar L=702.0 m. A PEHD OD 90 mm, NP 6 bar, L=2,050.0 m pipeline was planned from the pressure relief chamber to the reservoir. Transmission pipeline from Kaluđerica collection basin to Petrovo reservoir, via PVC pipeline Ø 140 mm, L=3,545.0 m. Pipeline capacity from Kaluđerica to Petrovo reservoir is:
Absolute Roughness Inner Diameter Altitude Difference Pipeline Length (mm) (mm) (m) (m) 0,4 119,4 24,35 3.545,0 Velocity Flow Q max (m/s) (l/s) 0,75 8,48
Pipeline has maximum capacity of Qmax=8.48 l/s. Pipeline needs to be investigated. It is assumed that there is the occurrence of water losses on it.
2.5.4.1.2 KAKMUŽ WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – TRANSMISSION PIPELINES Transmission system of Kakmuž water supply system is currently under reconstruction. Projected pipeline consists of the following sections: section of transmission pipeline from the source Volujak 1 (ST 0+000.00) to R „Volujak 1“ (ST 0+431.94), total length of 431.94 m, made of PE-100 pipes DN 160/141 mm, SDR 17, NP 10 bar. section from R „Volujak 1“ (ST 0+431.94) to VŠ1 (ST 0+810.29), in total length of 378.35 m, made of PE-100 pipes DN 225/192 mm, SDR 17.6, NP 10 bar. A single (transmission) pipeline is designed on this section. On VŠ1, a separation of distribution pipeline DN 90 mm from the main transmission pipeline DN 225 mm was performed for consumers along the line in order to avoid the drilling of the main pipeline for the purpose of installing household connections (individual or group). The exclusion of distribution pipeline for consumers along
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the line was enabled in this way with the aim of repair and installation of new connections without interrupting water supply of Petrovo municipal centre. section from VŠ1 (ST 0+810.29) to VŠ3 (ST 2+343.01) – connection to the existing city distribution network, total length of 1,532.72 m, made of PE-100 pipes DN 225/192 and DN 90/80.2 mm, SDR 17, NP 10 bar. In this section, it was designed a double pipeline in order to separate the distribution from transmission pipeline. PIPELINE IS DIMENSIONED ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING:
SUPPLY PIPELINE FROM THE WELL AT THE SOURCE VOLUJAK 1 TO RESERVOIR „VOLUJAK 1“ The adopted calculation assumptions are, as follows: Absolute roughness coefficient for PE transmission pipeline, K=0.1 mm Total capacity of the well pump, Qp=12.0 l/s Total local resistances, hlok1,0 m ( 15*2,6% + 1,532*4/19.62 = 0,87 m ≈ 1,0 m) Total line resistances, hl=434*0,46% = 2,0 m Maximum geodetic altitude difference, hg=2,2 m Maximum pump head, Hp=2,2+2,0+1,0 = 5,2 m Single phase submersible pump was selected on the basis on the aforementioned calculation and it has the following characteristics: Nominal capacity, Qp=46,0 m3 Nominal pump head, Hp=7,75 m Nominal pump velocity, n=2900 o/min Nominal motor power, 2,2 kW Nominal voltage, U=380-400 V
TRANSMISSION PIPELINE FROM R „VOLUJAK 1“ TO (VŠ3) – CITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK The adopted calculation assumptions are, as follows: Absolute roughness coefficient for PE transmission distribution pipeline, K=0,4 mm Coefficient of daily variation, Kd=1,30 Coefficient of hourly variation, Kč=1,80 Peak hourly water consumption, Qč=12,0*1,30*1,80 = 28,10 l/s Total local resistances, hlok=0,0 m Total line resistances, hlin=1.909,0*0,62% = 11,85 m Geodetic altitude difference, hg=162,30 – 103,53 = 58,77 m (5,9 bar) The available (manometer) pressure on a profile VŠ3 was calculated on the basis of the above listed transmission pipeline characteristics: Hmano=hg – hlin = 58,77 – 11,85 = 46,92 m (4,7 bar). The calculated available pressure is the lowest pressure expected in VŠ3.
Thus, pipeline capacity is Qmax=28.10 l/s for the achieved pressure in VŠ3 of P=4.70 bar.
2.5.4.1.3 SOČKOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – TRANSMISSION PIPELINES The Sočkovac water supply system has several sources from which water is being transported.
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From capture structure (elevation of the outlet pipe 326.20 m.a.s.l.) to reservoir „Porašljika“ (reservoir volume 20.0 m3, reservoir bottom level 252.0 m.a.s.l. the pipeline was laid in total length of 2,000.0 m made of PELD Ø 75 mm pipes length of app. 1,100.0 m, for operating pressure of 6.0 bar and a PEHD Ø 90 mm pipeline length of approx. 900.0 m. From the reservoir „Porašljika“ a Ø 90mm pipeline (length of approx. 1,000.0 m) leads to reservoir „Popovića brdo“. The EUFOR donated funds for construction of a PEHD Ø90 pipeline (parallel to the existing one, length of 3000.0 m) from the collection chamber to reservoir „Popovića brdo“. Pipeline capacity is:
Absolute Roughness Inner Diameter Altitude Difference Pipeline Length (mm) (mm) (m) (m) 0,1 76,8 104,2 3.000,0 Velocity Flow Q max (m/s) (l/s) 1,50 6,95
Absolute Roughness Altitude Difference Pipeline Length Inner Diameter (mm) (mm) (m) (m) 0,1 65 70,2 2.000,0 Flow Q Pipeline capacity has been increased by Velocity (m/s) max (l/s) replacing 900 m of pipeline with larger diameter Ø 90/76.8 mm. 1,39 4,62
Total of around Q=12.0 l/s of water can be transported from the source Vrelo via transmission pipelines. It is assumed that source provides around Q=11.0 l/s. In the system there is also transmission pipeline from the Vrelca source but there are no exact data on this pipeline.
2.5.4.1.4 KARANOVAC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – TRANSMISSION PIPELINES Transmission pipelines from the source of water supply system Karanovac are the following: From source Mala Prenja (Donje vrelo) located at the elevation 260.0 m.a.s.l. water is transported to the reservoir with a reservoir intake elevation of 258.4 m.a.s.l. via a PVC material, diameter of OD=75 mm, total length L=600.0 m. Water is transported to the reservoir from the capture structure of the source Vrelca, along the Mala Prenja river valley. Pipeline is made of a PVC pipes OD=90 mm, L=1,600.0 m. The table below gives transmission pipelines in water supply systems of Petrovo Municipality. Table 33: Transmission Pipelines in Water Supply Systems in Petrovo Municipality
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length Water Section Supply (mm) (m) System Capture Structure "Špilja" and break-pressure 75 702,00 chambers Transmission Break-pressure chamber – Kaluđerica Reservoir 90 2.050,00 Pipelines in WSS Collection basin Kaluđerica – Petrovo Reservoir 140 3.545,00 Petrovo Total transmission pipelines in WSS Petrovo: 6.297,00
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Source Volujak 1 - R „Volujak 1“ PE 160/141 431,94 Transmission R. Volujak – Water Meter Manhole 1 PE 225/192 378,35 Pipelines in Water Meter Manhole VŠ1 - VŠ3 PE 225/192 1.532,72 WSS Kakmuž Total Transmission Pipelines in WSS Kakmuž: 2.343,01 PELD 75 From capture structure to „Porašljika“ reservoir PE 90 Transmission Pipelines in R. „Porašljika“ - R. „Popovića brdo“ PE 90 WSS Capture Structure - R. „Popovića brdo“ PE 90 Sočkovac Total Transmission Pipelines in WSS Sočkovac: 7.481,49 Spring Mala Prenja (Donji izvor) - reservoir PE 75 Transmission Pipelines in Spring Vrelca (Gornje vrelo) - reservoir PE 90 WSS Total Transmission Pipelines in WSS Karanovac: 2.510,39 Karanovac Transmission Pipelines-Grand total: 18.631,88
Total length of transmission pipelines in water supply systems of Petrovo Municipality is 16,860.01 m.
2.5.4.2 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK Cadastre of underground installations has not been done for any water supply system. However, there is a documentation for one part of distribution pipelines, but there are no documentation for water supply systems of Petrovo and Kakmuž. Still, one can give estimate of distribution network length for these two systems. There is a project documentation for water supply systems Sočkovac and Karanovac, drafted more than 20 years ago. Zoning of the distribution system has not been completed. Total length of the main distribution pipelines and secondary distribution pipelines is around 61,000 m. Recording the position and distribution network characteristics will be one of the priorities. Table 34: Distribution Pipelines in Petrovo Municipality
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length Section Pipeline (mm) (m) Distribution System 50 - 150 17.175,60 Distribution Pipelines in WSS Total Distribution Pipelines in WSS Petrovo: 17.175,60 Petrovo Distribution System 50 - 150 10.794,00 Distribution Pipelines in WSS Total Distribution Pipelines in WSS Kakmuž: 10.794,00 Kakmuž Distribution System 50 - 150 19.895,48 Distribution Pipelines in WSS Total Distribution Pipelines in WSS Sočkovac: 19.895,48 Sočkovac Distribution System 50 - 150 13.745,56 Distribution Pipelines in WSS Total Distribution Pipelines in WSS Karanovac: 13.745,56 Karanovac Grand Total Distribution Pipelines: 61.610,64
2.5.5 BALANCE OF WATER QUANTITIES
ACTUAL WATER BALANCE in water supply systems of Petrovo municipality cannot be calculated at this point. It requires much more accurate measurements in the system to calculate/do balance of water quantities. At this point balance of water quantities can hardly be given for any water supply system in BiH.
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Table 35: Water Balance
Billed Metered Consumption Paid accounts Billed Revenue Authorized Water Consumption Unpaid calculated Billed Unmetered Consumption water Authorized Consumption Unbilled Metered Consumption Unbilled Authorized Consumption Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
System Input Unauthorized Consumption Volume Commercial Losses Non- Customer Meter Inaccuracies and Non-Revenue Revenue Data Handling Errors Water Water Leakage on Transmission & Water Losses Distributions Mains
Physical Losses Leakage and Overflows at Tanks
Leakage on Service Connections up to metering point
2.5.6 MEASUREMENTS IN THE SYSTEM Measurements in the system are one of the main problems in Petrovo Municipality. There are no measurements of water production, water quantities that enter or leave neither the reservoir nor the water consumption by end users. It is necessary to carry out measurements at water sources, reservoirs, as well as at control metering points and at the end users. Due to lack of measurements of water consumption for the end users, and lump sum water billing, considerable amount of water is lost or spent. One of the main reasons for conduction of frequent measurements in the system is, certainly, to control and monitor the system, which would be impossible without necessary measurements, and this would be one of the future priorities.
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2.5.7 HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.5.7.1 INTRODUCTION A hydraulic model of Petrovo water supply system was made on the bases of data gathered during the Study development. The model is not calibrated, still, all the previous measurements have been used in order to give a model as precisely as possible. This model may in future serve as a basis for development of future calibrated hydraulic model of water supply system. Only in this way can the contemporary design consider all facilities in the system and provide guidelines for development of the system. It is also much easier to give more scenarios of system. The model was not used in this Study since there is not enough reliable data on production and consumption of water as well as the data on position or diameter of pipelines. We have used the model only for the purpose of presenting existing and planned water supply system of Petrovo Municipality.
2.5.7.2 INPUT DATA FOR HYDRAULIC MODEL The hydraulic model is developed in EPANET. The following data have been taken as the baseline information: Geometry of the system with marked sources, reservoirs, pressure relief chambers, pumping stations, pipelines, valves – the map of the system was taken from the GIS, Data on population distribution, consumers, by certain parts of the system.
Hydraulic model has also been used for the development of the system in the period by 2035.
The following parameters were determined for the hydraulic model: Nodal load has been calculated on the bases of measurements in the system by certain parts of the system. The position of facilities in relation to consumers in the water supply system area has also been taken into account. In this way the nodal load was determined. The model gives diagrams of daily unevenness in consumption - Demand Patterns. Determining unevenness in consumption is very important because dimensioning of the distribution system is based on the maximum hourly consumption. Multiplying the base nodal consumption and coefficients of unevenness, we get the consumption in each node depending on time period. Therefore, we get the diagram of consumption in the node during one or more days depending on what we set in the model. Pipelines are determined by length and diameter. Starting and ending nodes are set. Roughness coefficients are set by Darcy Weisbach equation. For polyethylene pipelines and PVC pipelines we have taken the coefficient of 0.1 while for steel, cast iron and asbestos cement the coefficient of 0.4 was taken. Coefficients for the other group of materials can be up to 1.. Water sources are in addition to geometry x,y,z also determined by the amount of water that they provide for the system. For reservoirs, the position of reservoir (x,y), reservoir bottom level, initial water depth in reservoir and maximum water depth in reservoir are given. Pumping stations are determined by pump curve which determines the amount of water that is pumped and water raising level. Shut-off valves are determined by the function assigned to them in the system. The model gives the operation rules for pumping stations, reservoirs and shut-off valves.
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The model has the total of: Number of nodes - 123 Number of sources - 13 Number of reservoirs - 14 Number of pipelines - 159 Number of pumps - 0 Number of shutoffs - 0 Unit of flow - l/s Formula for losses - Darcy-Weisbah The following scheme gives the model of WSS Petrovo with pipeline diameters.
Scheme 1: WSS Petrovo – Hydraulic Model
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2.6 REHABILITATION, RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.6.1 DISADVANTAGES IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF PETROVO MUNICIPALITY Currently, the biggest problems in water supply systems of Petrovo are, as follows: Lack of knowledge of water supply systems due to lack of project documentation and water supply systems' maps, data on diameters and pipeline positions are insufficient, the GIS needs to be done; Lack of measurements in water supply systems regarding both produced water quantities and consumed water quantities; Lack of data on minimum source yield, a great number of sources in water supply systems; Source protection – sources are not protected in an appropriate manner; Lack of planning project documentation – Conceptual Solutions and Hydraulic Model; High percentage of losses on both transmission pipelines and distribution network; According to the assumptions, great percentage of small diameter pipelines and asbestos cement pipelines which are old; Lack of reservoir space; Worn out transmission pipelines with great losses during transmission; Water supply systems are not properly zoned resulting in high pressures in the system; Worn out household connections; Out-aged pipelines.
2.6.1.1 LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS On the occasion of drafting this Study, the main problem was the lack of project documentation and lack of knowledge of water supply systems in the municipal area. Most of the data should be interpreted with caution because data are taken from the project documentation for which we do not know whether it is the one that water supply system is being constructed under. Moreover, the most of water supply system of Petrovo and Kakmuž, except for transmission systems is drawn on the basis of very rough assumptions. The Water Utility Company has no experts with the knowledge of water supply systems.
2.6.1.2 LACK OF SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS In order to control a water supply system it is necessary to measure the amount of produced water and the amount of water consumed. Only in this way can we determine the balance of water quantities. In water supply systems of Petrovo there are no measurements at the sources, reservoirs or by end users. A particular problem is the lack of measurements at the very source, i.e. in transmission pipelines. In addition, it is necessary to undertake measurements of water consumption for each zone in the system. This is the way of determining zones with pronounced losses in the water supply system and with the necessity of loss detection and its removal.
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2.6.1.3 SOURCES In water supply systems of Petrovo Municipality there are a number of sources which generally have the small yield. Lack of knowledge of minimum source yield presents the biggest problem. It is necessary to undertake measurements of source yield during the summer months as soon as possible in order to gather at least the approximate data on source yield. This is a key piece of information for any kind of planning or hydraulic analysis. Capture structures are in need of rehabilitation. It is necessary to draft a Source Protection Study and implement the measures prescribed in the Water Protection Zones Study.
2.6.1.4 LACK OF PLANNING PROJECT DOCUMENTATION – CONCEPTUAL SOLUTIONS AND HYDRAULIC MODEL After collecting data on water supply systems, investigating position and pipeline diameter, mapping of water supply system it is necessary to draft planning documentation type of Conceptual Solution with using hydraulic model of water supply systems. Water Supply Study offers solutions but with rough estimates of existing water supply systems.
2.6.1.5 HIGH PERCENTAGE OF LOSSES IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM The problem of high percentage of losses is expressed in all water supply systems in BiH and in the neighbouring countries. The WSS Stolac has rather high percentage of the Non-Revenue Water and within it a high percentage of physical losses. The percentage of physical losses is much higher than the percentage of administrative losses. The aim is to reduce losses by up to 20% of the total amount of produced water. Certainly, such aims require extensive knowledge, time and resources. It cannot be expected to achieve these goals in a short time but in some medium-term period it is to be reckoned with such activities. Certainly, loss control activities and loss reduction are permanent activities. In BiH, the primary justification for high percentage of losses is the war that occurred in the early nineties. However, a high percentage of losses were present even in the eighties. This is the problem that already lasts for decades and in fact there have never been any significant activities in this regard. Reduction of losses in water supply systems is a demanding task and as it was stated before it demands a lot of time, trained personnel and necessary equipment. This will be a particular problem for smaller water supply systems that will have a lot of difficulty in obtaining highly qualified personnel. It is more likely that smaller water companies will resort to hiring consultants for the implementation of this kind of projects. After replacing transmission pipelines, small-diameter pipelines and dilapidated household connections, a large percentage of losses will certainly be reduced. The assumption is that the highest percentage of losses occurs at transmission and connective (household) pipelines that will require replacement in the future. Activities on loss percentage reduction are urgent. For future planning of water supply system, losses have to be reduced because this is the best way to reduce water deficit in the system. In planning future water supply system, it is also very important to reduce water quantities in the system (unnecessary losses in the system) in order to reduce designed facilities and pipelines.
2.6.1.6 PIPELINES IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Transmission and distribution pipelines must be investigated with the aim of providing better picture of the existing pipelines. However, it can be assumed with great certainty that distribution network in particular is in very poor condition with high percentage of small diameter pipelines (smaller than Ø 80 mm) which represents the smallest pipeline diameter that meets the technical regulations. A large percentage of pipelines are made of asbestos cement and those pipelines are at the same time very old. Therefore, most likely, the distribution network will have to be reconstructed in the future.
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Pipelines have not been constructed in line with technical regulations resulting in the frequent lack of air valves and sludge discharge pipes on the pipeline routs, which eventually limits the function of pipeline.
2.6.1.7 ZONING OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS Distribution systems are partially zoned. This is the reason why pressures are moving in a broad range and part of the system even has high pressures. This problem of high pressures needs to be solved through hydraulic model by installing pressure reducing valves in certain parts of the system. At this point it is not advisable to give solutions through hydraulic model that is not calibrated. High pressures in the system have very negative impact on system loss percentage. In addition to increased level of leakage on the fault locations, high pressures often cause faults.
2.6.1.8 WORN OUT PIPELINES AT HOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONS According to past experiences, majority of losses are related to household connections. These are the amounts of water which are not recorded by flow meters because the losses usually occur before water meter. In addition, household connections are old and constructed without technical control. Therefore, most of household connection should be reconstructed in the near future.
2.6.2 REHABILITATION OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN PETROVO MUNICIPALITY Basic activities that should be implemented with the aim of better managing over water supply system and reduction of water losses can be grouped into the following steps: Establishing GIS and developing a Hydraulic model of WSS for better control of the system and better insight into the state of water supply system, Metering of source yield, Defects removal on the water distribution network, Replacement of pipeline sections with observed major losses of water and continuously occurring losses, Defects removal in the household installations – this must be carried out in coordination with owners of the facilities and Housing companies, Obtain equipment for detection of defects (correlator and mobile ultrasonic flow meter) and train a team for their detection for this must become regular future activity, Existing water meters calibrate, defective water meters replace and install water meters on the connections where there are no any, Make record of all connections, Remove bottlenecks in the system by construction of new pipelines, Replace pipelines with diameter smaller than DN 80 mm, Replace defective valves at nodes and construct inspection chambers on those nodes.
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2.6.3 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT BY 2035
2.6.3.1 SPATIAL COVERAGE OF WSS PETROVO IN 2035 Currently, each local community has its own water supply system. After investigating the yield of the existing sources one can plan the future water supply system. Depending on the source capacity in individual water supply systems inclusion of the OB2 well in water supply system will be considered. The well is located in the area of Karanovac and its estimated minimum yield is Qmin=30.0 l/s. By inclusion of this well in water supply system, water supply systems of local communities would merge into one water supply system of Petrovo Municipality. If capacity of the existing sources were sufficient, water supply systems of Petrovo and Kakmuž, i.e. Sočkovac and Karanovac would merge so there would be two water supply systems in the area of these four local communities. In the case of inclusion of the OB2 well other local communities would also be joined on to the integral water supply system.
2.6.3.2 WATER SUPPLY SOURCES IN 2035 The following table provides an overview of water requirements by local community i.e. water supply systems and available water quantities at the existing and potential sources. According to these calculations, it is estimated that maximum daily water requirements will be Qmaxdn=38.22 l/s. Therefore, sources should have capacity in minimum of Q=38.22 l/s. Potential sources are marked with red letters. It is likely that Petrovo and Kakmuž will have sufficient water quantities at the end of planning period. However, if the OB2 well should be included in water supply system of Sočkovac and Karanovac, in that case they would also be connected via transmission pipeline with water supply systems of Petrovo and Kakmuž. The OB3 well would not be included in water supply systems due to water quality at the exploration wells and because the OB2 well could meet all requirements in the municipality.
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Table 36: Balance of Available Water Quantities and Requirements in Petrovo Municipality
Requirements (maximum daily) Provided from the source Missing water amount Water Supply (l/s) (l/s) (l/s) System 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Source 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Kaluđerica 1 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 and 2 WSS Petrovo 9,09 9,81 10,96 11,36 12,41 13,64 Jama 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 0,6 -3,7 -2,5 -2,1 -1,1 0,1
Špilja 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0
Lakonica 1 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
Lakonica 2 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 WSS Kakmuž 8,59 7,56 7,98 8,76 9,57 10,52 0,6 -7,4 -7,0 -6,2 -5,4 -4,5 Lakonica 1 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 and 2 Markovac 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0
Vrela 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
Johovac 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5
WSS Sočkovac 6,14 4,47 4,37 4,47 4,81 5,20 Vranovac 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 -3,4 -33,0 -33,1 -33,0 -32,7 -32,3
Well OB3 24,0 24,0 24,0 24,0 24,0
Vrelca 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5
Prenja 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 WSS Karanovac 5,47 4,67 4,92 5,13 5,33 5,89 3,0 -27,8 -27,6 -27,4 -27,2 -26,6 Well OB2 30,0 30,0 30,0 30,0 30,0
WSS Porječina 2,51 2,61 2,54 2,58 2,77 2,98 Radojka 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 2,0 2,1 2,0 2,1 2,3 2,5
Part of Porječina Small sources 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3
Total 31,80 29,12 30,78 32,30 34,89 38,22 Total 29,3 99,3 99,3 99,3 99,3 99,3 -0,7 -73,4 -71,7 -70,2 -67,6 -64,3
Chapter: Master Plan 90 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.6.3.3 WATER REQUIREMENTS AT THE END OF PLANNING PERIOD BY THE YEAR 2035 The table below provides water requirements by certain settlements in the future Petrovo water supply system coverage. Consumption is grouped by parts of the system. Table 37: Requirements for Water in Future WSS Petrovo – the Year 2035
Projected population in the municipality 2010 2020 2035 Water Supply Systems Unit 9.290 9.689 10.325 Maximum daily water requirements Estimate of required water quantities for Petrovo l/s 9,09 10,96 13,64 Estimate of required water quantities for Kakmuž l/s 8,59 7,98 10,52 Estimate of required water quantities for Karanovac l/s 5,47 4,92 5,89 Estimate of required water quantities for Sočkovac l/s 6,14 4,37 5,20 Estimate of required water quantities for Porječje l/s 2,51 2,54 2,98 Estimate of required water quantities for Krtova and Kaluđerica l/s 1,98 2,00 2,34 Total of required maximum daily water quantities with losses l/s 33,78 32,78 40,56
Nodal consumption in the planned system was determined in line with these water requirements as well as dimensioning of future reservoirs, pumping stations, pipelines and other system elements.
2.6.3.4 SOLUTION CONCEPT FOR PLANNED WSS PETROVO FOR THE PLANNING PERIOD BY THE YEAR 2035 The proposed solution is in accordance with the existing solutions. The difference lies in water requirements and potential inclusion of WSS Petrovo and the OB2 well. Future system elements are, as follows: Existing sources and potential inclusion of the OB2 well into the system at capacity of Qmax d.=38.22 l/s (we should count with some larger quantity of water Q=45 l/s z due to requirements concerning system maintenance);
Construction of new pumping station on the well with capacity of Qsr=30.0 l/s; Construction of new transmission pipeline diameter of Ø 250 mm length of L=2.200 m from the well to the planned reservoir Karanovac; Construction of new main reservoir Karanovac, at the location of Karanovac, with bottom 3 level Kdn=222.0 m.a.s.l., storage volume of V=550.0 m . This is minimum reservoir storage volume. Construction of the main distribution pipeline Ø 300 mm length of L=2,800 m from the new reservoir Karanovac to Kakmuž; Reconstruction of distribution pipelines, increase of pipe diameter; Construction of water supply system for settlements Porječina.
Hydraulic model for planning period by 2035 was done on the basis of the previously described solution concept of the Petrovo water supply system.
The following scheme depicts model with pipeline diameters.
Chapter: Master Plan 91 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Scheme 2: Petrovo Water Supply System Scheme – Planned Solution for 2035
Chapter: Master Plan 92 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.6.3.5 ESTIMATE OF REQUIRED FACILITIES IN PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM RESERVOIRS Total deficit of reservoir space at the end of planning period would be V=420.0 m3. The following table provides estimate of required reservoir storage volume at the end of the 2035 planning period. Table 38: Required Reservoir Space at the End of Planning Period by 2035 2010
Required Water Required Reservoir Storage Required Reservoir Space Requirements Quantity Volume (m3) (m3) (l/s) (m3)
29,29 759,29 495,00 264,29
2020
Required Water Required Reservoir Storage Required Reservoir Space Requirements Quantity Volume (m3) (m3) (l/s) (m3) 28,24 731,88 495,00 236,88 2035
Required Water Required Reservoir Storage Required Reservoir Space Requirements Quantity Volume (m3) (m3) (l/s) (m3) 35,24 913,48 495,00 418,48
Construction of the OB2 well would consequently require the construction of reservoir which would be the main reservoir in the system and would be fed from the OB2 well and that would deliver water for all local communities. Reservoir would be located at the site of planned reservoir Karanovac and reservoir volume would be V=1,000 m3. Table 39: Planned Reservoirs in Petrovo Municipality
Storage Volume Adopted Volume Planned Reservoirs Pressure Zone (m3) (m3)
System’s OB2 777,60 1.000,00 Petrovo First 228,42 250,00 Kakmuž First 122,61 120,00 Sočkovac First 14,85 20,00 Porječina 77,19 100,00 Total: 495,66 1.490,00
This deficit of reservoir space indicates the needs based on water quantities. The existing reservoirs at the source should be reconstructed.
Chapter: Master Plan 93 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
PIPELINES Development of the Petrovo water supply system requires construction of some new pipelines but also the replacement of some existing pipelines. Part of the pipeline will be put out of service.
Table 40: An Overview of New Pipelines, Pipeline Replacement and Pipelines which are Being Put out of Service according to Hydraulic Model in 2035
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length (mm) (m) Petrovo and Kakmuž 27.586,99
Sočkovac 13.096,48
Karanovac 16.740,44
Main Transmission Distribution Pipeline 4.933,05
Total: 62.356,95
HOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONS Water meters should be installed at all household connections and the existing water meters should be calibrated.
Chapter: Master Plan 94 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.7 PRICED BILL OF QUANTITIES
2.7.1 SYSTEM REHABILITATION
GIS, hydraulic model, defect removal, monitoring of the system and procurement of Total Cost equipment for defect removal and developing project documentation (BAM)
Developing geographic information system - GIS data base with investigation of pipeline 150.000,00 position Developing Conceptual Solution and hydraulic model of water supply system 150.000,00 Procurement of equipment and monitoring 100.000,00 Developing project documentation 249.238,32
Procurement and installation of water meters at household connections, sources and reservoirs 350.000,00
Investigation of source yield during one season 150.000,00 Development of Source Protection Zones Studies 180.000,00 Rehabilitation of defects in the period 2011 - 2021 500.000,00 Rehabilitation of defects in the period 2022 - 2035 700.000,00 Total: 2.529.238,32
2.7.2 CONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN DISTRIBUTION TRANSMISSION PIPELINES
2.7.2.1 RECONSTRUCTION OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN WSS KARANOVAC
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length Unit Cost Total Cost Section (mm) (m) (BAM/m) (BAM)
Pipe P4 80,00 658,55 65,88 43.385,14 Pipe P5 80,00 505,31 65,88 33.289,49 Pipe P6 80,00 402,06 65,88 26.487,71 Pipe P7 80,00 165,94 65,88 10.932,26 Pipe P10 80,00 699,83 65,88 46.104,80 Pipe P11 80,00 1.548,58 65,88 102.020,45 Pipe P12 80,00 1.365,81 65,88 89.979,56 Pipe P16 80,00 1.152,64 65,88 75.935,92 Pipe P18 80,00 465,77 65,88 30.685,13 Pipe P19 80,00 1.391,85 65,88 91.695,08 Pipe P21 80,00 42,35 65,88 2.789,70 Pipe P3 100,00 692,11 71,76 49.665,89 Pipe P8 100,00 1.225,23 71,76 87.922,50 Pipe P9 100,00 577,39 71,76 41.433,29 Pipe P13 100,00 560,68 71,76 40.234,40
Chapter: Master Plan 95 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Pipe P15 100,00 283,25 71,76 20.325,66 Pipe P17 100,00 397,24 71,76 28.506,01 Pipe P22 100,00 471,58 71,76 33.840,44 Pipe P23 100,00 490,32 71,76 35.185,36 Total: 13.096,48 Total: 890.418,80
2.7.2.2 RECONSTRUCTION OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN WSS SOČKOVAC
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length Unit Cost Total Cost Section (mm) (m) (BAM/m) (BAM)
Pipe P38 81,00 94,70 65,88 6.238,59 Pipe P39 81,00 65,92 65,88 4.343,02 Pipe P40 81,00 97,76 65,88 6.440,62 Pipe P41 81,00 39,52 65,88 2.603,76 Pipe P43 81,00 128,51 65,88 8.466,17 Pipe P44 81,00 16,26 65,88 1.071,51 Pipe P45 81,00 27,60 65,88 1.818,54 Pipe P46 81,00 499,34 65,88 32.896,65 Pipe P47 81,00 119,97 65,88 7.903,36 Pipe P48 81,00 166,80 65,88 10.989,05 Pipe P49 81,00 260,08 65,88 17.133,74 Pipe P50 81,00 143,67 65,88 9.465,18 Pipe P51 81,00 238,88 65,88 15.737,55 Pipe P52 81,00 641,02 65,88 42.230,46 Pipe P53 81,00 178,78 65,88 11.778,22 Pipe P54 81,00 175,31 65,88 11.549,69 Pipe P56 81,00 848,64 65,88 55.908,67 Pipe P57 81,00 611,09 65,88 40.258,41 Pipe P58 81,00 1.053,52 65,88 69.405,90 Pipe P59 81,00 188,75 65,88 12.434,92 Pipe P60 81,00 158,04 65,88 10.411,81 Pipe P61 81,00 184,38 65,88 12.147,15 Pipe P62 81,00 483,44 65,88 31.849,29 Pipe P63 81,00 77,28 65,88 5.091,23 Pipe P64 81,00 283,58 65,88 18.682,18 Pipe P65 81,00 259,90 65,88 17.121,88 Pipe P67 81,00 1.187,84 65,88 78.254,90 Pipe P68 81,00 797,48 65,88 52.538,11 Pipe P69 81,00 730,67 65,88 48.136,34 Pipe P70 81,00 410,53 65,88 27.045,85 Pipe P71 81,00 505,25 65,88 33.285,87 Pipe P72 81,00 592,26 65,88 39.018,22
Chapter: Master Plan 96 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Pipe P73 81,00 865,75 65,88 57.035,54 Pipe P74 81,00 579,40 65,88 38.170,87 Pipe P76 81,00 963,30 65,88 63.462,27 Pipe P77 81,00 647,62 65,88 42.665,01 Pipe P79 81,00 503,89 65,88 33.196,08 Pipe P80 81,00 680,49 65,88 44.830,81 Pipe P81 81,00 22,55 65,88 1.485,80 Pipe P86 81,00 33,17 65,88 2.184,94 Pipe P87 81,00 30,56 65,88 2.013,48 Total: Total: 1.027.301,63
2.7.2.3 NEW TRANSMISSION PIPELINE OB2 WELL – PLANNED RESERVOIR – DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length Unit Cost Total Cost Section (mm) (m) (BAM/m) (BAM)
Pipe 45 300,00 775,74 233,30 180.980,14 Pipe 46 300,00 883,77 233,30 206.183,54 Pipe 47 300,00 476,56 233,30 111.181,45 Pipe 48 300,00 508,28 233,30 118.581,72 Pipe 49 300,00 1.843,33 233,30 430.048,89 Pipe 50 300,00 445,37 233,30 103.904,82 Total: 4.933,05 Total: 1.150.880,57
2.7.2.4 RECONSTRUCTION OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN WSS KAKMUŽ AND PETROVO
Pipeline Diameter Pipeline Length Unit Cost Total Cost Section (mm) (m) (BAM/m) (BAM)
Pipe 1 80,00 790,58 65,88 52.083,41 Pipe 2 80,00 724,61 65,88 47.737,31 Pipe 13 80,00 231,53 65,88 15.253,20 Pipe 14 80,00 551,14 65,88 36.309,10 Pipe 16 80,00 142,42 65,88 9.382,63 Pipe 17 80,00 290,12 65,88 19.113,11 Pipe 18 80,00 240,38 65,88 15.836,23 Pipe 19 80,00 247,78 65,88 16.323,75 Pipe 21 80,00 622,96 65,88 41.040,60 Pipe 22 80,00 311,45 65,88 20.518,33 Pipe 23 80,00 380,50 65,88 25.067,34
Chapter: Master Plan 97 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Pipe 24 80,00 166,85 65,88 10.992,08 Pipe 25 80,00 445,36 65,88 29.340,32 Pipe 27 80,00 258,55 65,88 17.033,27 Pipe 29 80,00 254,96 65,88 16.796,76 Pipe 30 80,00 223,24 65,88 14.707,05 Pipe 31 80,00 713,91 65,88 47.032,39 Pipe 32 80,00 744,22 65,88 49.029,21 Pipe 36 80,00 525,73 65,88 34.635,09 Pipe 37 80,00 545,25 65,88 35.921,07 Pipe 38 80,00 1.103,18 65,88 72.677,50 Pipe 39 80,00 615,75 65,88 40.565,61 Pipe 40 80,00 392,33 65,88 25.846,70 Pipe 41 80,00 621,67 65,88 40.955,62 Pipe 42 80,00 945,16 65,88 62.267,14 Pipe 43 80,00 748,57 65,88 49.315,79 Pipe P97 100,00 111,23 71,76 7.981,86 Pipe P98 119,40 2.279,64 100,00 227.964,00 Pipe P95 119,40 1.066,95 100,00 106.695,00 Pipe P96 150,00 153,84 113,08 17.396,00 Pipe P100 150,00 382,72 113,08 43.278,20 Pipe P101 150,00 180,67 113,08 20.430,16 Pipe 3 150,00 584,91 113,08 66.141,62 Pipe 4 150,00 206,16 113,08 23.312,57 Pipe 15 150,00 684,03 113,08 77.350,11 Pipe 20 150,00 161,22 113,08 18.230,76 Pipe 26 150,00 182,12 113,08 20.594,13 Pipe 28 150,00 695,08 113,08 78.599,65 Pipe 33 150,00 736,58 113,08 83.292,47 Pipe 34 150,00 578,64 113,08 65.432,61 Pipe 35 150,00 490,66 113,08 55.483,83 Pipe 5 200,00 362,67 148,40 53.820,23 Pipe 6 200,00 464,65 148,40 68.954,06 Pipe 7 200,00 678,82 148,40 100.736,89 Pipe 8 200,00 590,08 148,40 87.567,87 Pipe 9 200,00 372,69 148,40 55.307,20 Pipe 10 200,00 527,31 148,40 78.252,80 Pipe 11 200,00 388,04 148,40 57.585,14 Pipe 12 200,00 1.087,64 148,40 161.405,78 Pipe 44 200,00 635,53 148,40 94.312,65 Pipe 51 250,00 1.146,91 162,60 186.487,57 Petrovo and Kakmuž in Total: 27.586,99 Total: 2.702.393,78
Chapter: Master Plan 98 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.7.3 REHABILITATION OF EXISTING RESERVOIRS AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW RESERVOIRS
2.7.3.1 REHABILITATION OF CAPTURE STRUCTURES AND RESERVOIRS
Reservoir Storage Volume Unit Cost Total Cost Section (m3) (BAM/m) (BAM)
Reservoirs 761 100,00 76.100,00 Capture Structures 30.000,00 Total: Total: 106.100,00
2.7.3.2 CONSTRUCTION OF NEW RESERVOIRS
Reservoir Storage Unit Cost Total Cost Reservoir Volume (BAM/m) (BAM) (m3) System’s 1.000 800,00 800.000,00 Petrovo 250 800,00 200.000,00 Kakmuž 120 1.000,00 120.000,00 Sočkovac 20 1.200,00 24.000,00 Porječina 100 1.000,00 100.000,00 Total: 1.490,00 Total: 1.244.000,00
2.7.4 CONSTRUCTION OF CHLORINE STATIONS – GAS CHLORINATION
Reservoir Storage Unit Cost Total Cost Reservoir Volume (BAM/m3) (BAM) (m3)
System’s 1.000,00 70,00 70.000,00 Petrovo 250,00 70,00 17.500,00 Kakmuž 120,00 70,00 8.400,00 Sočkovac 20,00 100,00 2.000,00 Porječina 100,00 100,00 10.000,00 Petrovo 125,00 70,00 8.750,00 Total: 1.615,00 Total: 116.650,00
2.7.5 OPENING OF NEW SOURCES
Capacity Unit Cost Total Cost Description (l/s) (BAM/l) (BAM) New Source 30 35.000,00 1.050.000,00 Total: 1.050.000,00
Chapter: Master Plan 99 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
2.7.6 SKADA REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM
Total Cost Description (BAM)
Software and Applications 50.000,00
Connecting facilities in the system 126.000,00
Total: 176.000,00
2.7.7 RECAPITULATION
Cost Cost Description of Works (BAM) (BAM)
GIS, hydraulic model, defect removal, monitoring of the system and procurement 2.529.238,32 of equipment for defect removal and developing project documentation
Construction of new main distribution transmission pipelines 5.770.994,77
Distribution Network Reconstruction in WSS Karanovac 890.418,80
Distribution Network Reconstruction in WSS Sočkovac 1.027.301,63
New transmission pipeline OB2 Well – planned reservoir – distribution 1.150.880,57 system
Distribution Network Reconstruction in WSS Kakmuž and Petrovo 2.702.393,78
Reservoirs 1.350.100,00
Rehabilitation of captures and reservoirs 106.100,00
Construction of new reservoirs 1.244.000,00
Construction of Chlorine stations – Gas chlorination 116.650,00
Opening of New sources 1.050.000,00
SKADA Remote Control System 176.000,00
Total: 10.992.983,09
Note: Unit cost of the pipeline was calculated with demolishing and repaving of roads along which pipelines are laid.
Chapter: Master Plan 100 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
3 PRIORITIZED PLAN OF INVESTMENT MEASURES FOR THE PERIOD OF 10 YEARS
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 101 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
3.1 INTRODUCTION Water supply system of Petrovo Municipality is not regulated and it is not integral. Main problems in water supplying of Petrovo Municipality are the lack of project documentation and cadastre of underground installations, so that the lack of knowledge on water supply systems is one of the mayor problems. There is no Conceptual Solution for water supplying of population and industry in the area of Petrovo Municipality or the GIS and hydraulic model. In addition to the lack of knowledge of water supply systems, one of the biggest problems is the measurements in water supply systems. There are no available data on water production or water consumption. The absence of detailed research on source capacity is evident. There are no measurements of abstracted water at the sources or the consumed water by end users. Existing sources should be renewed. Reservoirs also need to be repaired and due to worn out pipelines it is assumed that a large percentage of losses occur in the system. Therefore, when it comes to priority investments in water supply systems in the area of Petrovo Municipality, activities concerning detailed analysis of existing water systems with development of data base, research of source yield and rehabilitation of existing water supply system are first on the scale of priorities.
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 102 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
3.2 PRICED BILL OF QUANTITY FOR PRIORITIZED PLAN OF INVESTMENT MEASURES
3.2.1 SYSTEM REHABILITATION
GIS, hydraulic model, defect removal, monitoring of the system and procurement of Total Cost equipment for defect removal and developing project documentation (BAM)
Developing geographic information system - GIS data base with investigation of pipeline 150.000,00 position
Developing Conceptual Solution and hydraulic model of water supply system 150.000,00
Procurement of equipment and monitoring 100.000,00
Developing project documentation 52.224,70 Procurement and installation of water meters at household connections, sources and reservoirs 350.000,00 Investigation of source yield during one season 150.000,00
Development of Source Protection Zones Studies 180.000,00
Rehabilitation of defects in the period 2011 - 2021 500.000,00
Total: 1.632.224,70
3.2.2 CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW MAIN DISTRIBUTION TRANSMISSION PIPELINES Around 30 % of planned pipelines will be constructed in the first 10 years.
Total Cost Construction of new main distribution transmission pipelines (BAM)
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Karanovac 267.125,64
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Sočkovac 308.190,49
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Kakmuž and Petrovo 810.718,13
Total: 1.386.034,26
3.2.3 REHABILITATION OF EXISTING RESERVOIRS AND CONSTRUCTION OF NEW RESERVOIRS
3.2.3.1 REHABILITATION OF CAPTURE STRUCTURES AND RESERVOIRS
Reservoir Storage Volume Unit Cost Total Cost Section (m3) (BAM/m3) (BAM)
Reservoirs 761 100,00 76.100,00
Capture Structure 30.000,00
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 103 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Total: Total: 106.100,00
3.2.3.2 CONSTRUCTION OF NEW RESERVOIRS
Reservoir Storage Unit Cost Total Cost Reservoir Volume (BAM/m3) (BAM) (m3)
System’s - Karanovac 100 1,000,00 100.000,00
Total: 100,00 Total: 100,000,00
3.2.4 CONSTRUCTION OF CHLORINE STATIONS – GAS CHLORINATION
Reservoir Storage Unit Cost Total Cost Reservoir Volume (BAM/m3) (BAM) (m3)
Petrovo 125,00 70,00 8.750,00 Total: 125,00 Total: 8.750,00
3.2.5 SKADA REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM
Total Cost Description (BAM)
Software and Applications 50.000,00
Connecting facilities in the system 126.000,00
Total: 176.000,00
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 104 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
3.2.6 RECAPITULATION
Cost Cost Description of Works (BAM) (BAM)
GIS, hydraulic model, defect removal, monitoring of the system and procurement 1.632.224,70 of equipment for defect removal and developing project documentation
Construction of new main distribution transmission pipelines 1.386.034,26
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Karanovac 267.125,64
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Sočkovac 308.190,49
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Kakmuž and Petrovo 810.718,13
Reservoirs 206.100,00
Rehabilitation of captures and reservoirs 106.100,00
Construction of new reservoirs - Karanovac 100.000,00
Construction of Chlorine stations – Gas chlorination 8.750,00
SKADA Remote Control System 176.000,00
Total: 3.409.108,96
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 105 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
3.3 FUNDING SOURCES Analysis of possible sources of funding will be carried out in several steps which are described below. This will define the possible sources of funding according to their availability and importance. The primary funding source will be the incomes obtained by providing water supply services. The next analysed funding source will be the potential municipality investments into WSS development from the budget, and the last possible funding source are grants of higher government levels (cantons and entities), as well as the grants of international organizations. Chart 1: Funding sources according to the engagement priority
Other Possible Sources •International institutions •Higher levels of government of Funding (Canton, entity)
•Analysis of the possibility of financing priority projects Municipality - Capital through loans Investement Budget •Analysis of investment opportunities in priority projects
•Surplus funds are channeled to investment priority Revenue from water projects supply services •Provides covering of basic operation and maintenance costs
3.3.1 MACROECONOMIC AVAILABILITY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
The analysis of macroeconomic availability of funds will be based on the analysis of the primary source of funding, and that is the revenue generated from provision of services through: Increasing the prices of services Increasing the number of users Savings in operation – increasing the efficiency
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 106 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
3.3.1.1 INCREASING THE NUMBER OF USERS
The following table shows that WSS Petrovo is a complete system that already covers most of the population. However, only app. 3700 inhabitants were connected to the „communal“ system of water supply while remaining residents were provided with water from the local water supply systems which were not under the control and management of Water Utility Company. Based on the Decision of Petrovo Municipality all local water supply systems will become the responsibility of Water Utility Company. In this way all 5750 residents will be supplied with water by the Utility Company.
The number of residents with organized water supply and number of residents connected to communal water supply system of Petrovo is given in the following chart.
Broj stanovnika priključenih na komunalni sistem 3.704 vodosnabdijevanja
5.750 Broj stanovnika sa organizovanim vodosnabdijevanjem
9290 Ukupno stanovnika
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Ukupno stanovnika Broj stanovnika sa organizovanim vodosnabdijevanjem Broj stanovnika priključenih na komunalni sistem vodosnabdijevanja
3.3.1.2 INCREASING THE WATER SUPPLY SERVICE COST
Current cost of water supply services is given in the following table: Table 41: Current Costs of Water Supply and Sewerage Services
Component Cost Water Component 0.60 BAM/m3 Water Abstraction Taxes 0.05 BAM/m3 Pollution Taxes 0.04 BAM/m3 VAT 0.10 BAM/m3 TOTAL COMBINED COST 0.79 BAM/m3
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 107 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Multilateral financial institutions dealing with the financing of infrastructure projects have established limits on the cost of water supply and sewerage services which are expressed as a percentage of household income, i.e. user’s income. According to these generally accepted standards as a socially acceptable load is considered allowance of up to 5% of average income. It is, therefore, of interest to analyse to which extent the current costs of water supply services burden the consumers’ budget and their purchasing power and to see if there are opportunities and room for the further increase of the aforementioned prices. In order to be able to assess, it is necessary to analyse the macroeconomic situation in the Federation BIH and the Republic of Srpska, as well as at the local community level. It is common to use Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as an indicator of economic progress, but in BiH this ratio is not very reliable for several: Development of statistic system and data collection Implementation of Value Added Tax (VAT) Significant proportion of informal economy Cash inflow from abroad The following diagram shows significant fluctuations of GDP, so in the absence of the more reliable projections, the macroeconomic availability analyses were made for three GDP growth projections.
Gross Domestic Product of RS 8,00 6,00
4,00
% 2,00 0,00 -2,00 -4,00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Bruto domaći proizvod RS 7,10 6,00 6,70 6,20 -3,00 1,50
Chart 2: Gross Domestic Product in Republic of Srpska
Moderate projection anticipates a minimal increase in GDP for the analysed period of 20 years at a rate of 1% per year Optimistic projection that predicts GDP growth by an annual rate of 4% The pessimistic variant that predicts negative GDP growth by an annual rate of – 3% per year
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 108 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Net Average Earnings (BAM) 700 650 600
550 500 BAM 450 400 350 300 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Neto prosječna primanja 432 472 593 652 668 (KM)
Chart 3: Net Average Earnings in Petrovo Municipality
Number of Employees 1000 900
800
BAM 700 600 500 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Broj zaposlenih 783 833 926 902 816
Chart 4: Employees in Petrovo Municipality The Chart 5 shows the results for the above mentioned three options and the establishment of income limits on which utility company can count on in the future, so it is obvious that the economic development and welfare are the key factors for improvement of quality of services.
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Optimistična projekcija Pesimistična projekcija Umjerena projekcija
Chart 5: Growth projections of average net earnings in Petrovo Municipality
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 109 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
For the purposes of further analysis we will adopt the "moderate projection" which provides a minimal real (no inflation) GDP growth and an income at a rate of 1% per year. This is a very conservative assumption, but we expect to achieve it with a large percentage of probability.
However, the above analysis refers to the statistical average earnings at the municipal level, and for the purpose of analysing the real possibility of consumers to pay for the services it is in our best interest to estimate the average household income, i.e. the average income of household member.
Since these kinds of statistics do not exist at the municipal level, in cooperation with the authorized services and in accordance with the data published regularly by the Republic of Srpska Institute of Statistics, www.rzs.rs.ba., (Household Budget Survey 2007), it is estimated that average household represents a three-person household of which 1.2 persons credits to income (contributes to household budget).
This estimate is also applicable for Petrovo Municipality.
Average Monthly Household Income 3 household members 1.2 household income-earning members
On the basis of these assumptions we are able to assess the real possibilities of consumers to pay for water supply services in accordance with different projections of revenue growth.
The current price of water supply services of 0.6 BAM/m3 with the specific water consumption of 130 litres per capita per day makes 0.99% of the average income of a household member which presents an average percent for BiH conditions. If we add to this the water abstraction fee, wastewater fee and VAT, share of the allowances for water supply services will amount to 1.25% of the income of household member. If we assume that the costs of water supply is 2% of the average income of a household member we will come up with the water supply service cost of 1.21 BAM/m3 which can be considered to comply with the ability of consumers to pay those services without fear of endangering their social status. It is obvious that in Petrovo Municipality there is still considerable scope for increasing revenues through price increase.
Since there are no exact data on actual specific water consumption the same analysis was performed for the assumed specific consumption of 180 litres per capita per day and in this case also there is a considerable scope for the price increase but also for the reduction of water consumption.
The target value for PE “Komunal” would be specific consumption of 130 l/capita/day and cost of water supply services between 1.3 – 1.5 % of household income.
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 110 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Table 42: Water supply expenses expressed as the percent of household income
l/capita/day 130 Specific consumption m3/month 3,9 Service cost BAM/m3 0,6 Water supply expenses BAM 2,34 As a percent of the current revenues (%) 0,99% l/capita/day 180 Specific consumption m3/month 5,40 Service cost BAM /m3 0,60 Water supply expenses BAM 3,24 As a percent of the current revenues (%) 1,37%
l/capita/day 130 Specific consumption m3/month 3,9 Service cost BAM /m3 1,21 Water supply expenses BAM 4,72 As a percent of the current revenues (%) 2,00% l/capita/day 180 Specific consumption m3/month 5,4 Service cost BAM /m3 0,87 Water supply expenses BAM 4,72 As a percent of the current revenues (%) 2,00%
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 111 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Elasticity of Demand for Services and Willingness to Pay Them
Price elasticity of demand for water is the change in demand divided by the change in the price of water at any point on the curve of demand. Usually, the demand for water is considered 'inelastic' because the elasticity is less than +/- one, indicating that one percent increase in price leads to lesser (or higher) change in demand of one percent. The calculations of elasticity are usually being done in natural logarithms as the coefficients of elasticity are returned as a percentage change making them easier to interpret. Elasticity is calculated for an average price and consumption variable. Price elasticity of demand for water is the increase of consumed quantity per unit of increase in income or consumption. Although demand can drop in a response to price increase, demand will respectively increase as a result of real growth of household income.
Such analysis have not been conducted in BiH and the a single attempt to estimate elasticity of demand has been given within the European Commission's project: Water Quality Management at River Basins Level in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe Aid/119168/C/SV/BA.
This attempt was based on data of ISMS Household Budget Study drafted in 2007, the Republic of Srpska Institute of Statistics, www.rzs.rs.ba. The document estimated elasticity that the one-percent water price increase will lead to 0.5 percent decline in volume of water consumption, and one-percent increase in real household income will lead to 0.8 percent increase in quantity of water consumption.
Potential consumption increase due to increase in household income has not been taken into account, because it is considered that the real income growth will be sufficient to amortize expected price increase. Only with a significant absolute increase in income and reduction of water supply cost share below 1.2% for the economic cost of water, one can expect the increase in consumption, as a result of revenue growth.
Willingness to pay services and consumer surplus
Assessment of willingness to pay services is one of the most controversial issues when it is about preparation of financial and economic plans for the development of Utility companies.
Analysis to assess the readiness of user to pay for a particular service are designed and primarily used for economic evaluation of investments that cannot be evaluated in market or money. Therefore, these analyses became very popular when it comes to environmental projects that will have the consequence in improving environment and life conditions. The implementation of such analysis in cases when it comes to monopoly services under the mores of state regulations has proved to be less successful because they do not take into account other non- financial mechanisms that affect the willingness to pay for certain services.
The experience of all transition countries shows that, when it comes to water supply service, a key issue is 'unwillingness to charge services' while a lot less problem is 'the willingness of consumers to pay'. Municipality of Petrovo is a typical example where the long-term indecisiveness of Utility company and Municipality of Petrovo to move more aggressively in charging of water supply services resulted in the relatively low collection rate for services which for a long time was app. 50% but in the last few year it reached a value of 65% of collected invoiced bills.
The method which is much more common and exact when it comes to assessing willingness to pay for services is the consumer surplus estimates.
Consumer surplus concept is briefly presented by the following chart
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 112 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
cost, BAM/m3
Consumer surplus A BAM 2,6/m3
B C BAM 0.7 /m3
50 200 Consumed Quantity, liters/ES/day
Since Petrovo Municipality does not have reliable data this analysis and considerations will be applied only after collecting data on actual specific consumption. Finally, we are able to define the projections of utility company revenue growth, depending upon the consumers’ ability to pay for water supply services.
Water Supply Service Price as a percentage of 2% of Income 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,20
1,00
KM 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Pesimistična projekcija 1,19 1,15 1,12 1,09 1,05 1,02 0,99 0,96 0,93 0,90 Umjerena projekcija 1,19 1,20 1,21 1,23 1,24 1,25 1,26 1,28 1,29 1,30 Optimistična projekcija 1,19 1,24 1,29 1,34 1,39 1,45 1,51 1,57 1,63 1,69
Chart 6: Projection of potential growth of price of services up to the limit of 2%
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 113 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Water Supply Service Price as a percentage of 1.3% of Income 1,40 1,20 1,00
0,80
KM 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Pesimistična projekcija 0,70 0,68 0,66 0,64 0,62 0,60 0,59 0,57 0,55 0,53 0,52 0,50 0,49 0,47 0,46 0,45 Umjerena projekcija 0,70 0,71 0,72 0,72 0,73 0,74 0,75 0,75 0,76 0,77 0,78 0,78 0,79 0,80 0,81 0,82 Optimistična projekcija 0,70 0,73 0,76 0,79 0,82 0,86 0,89 0,93 0,96 1,00 1,04 1,08 1,13 1,17 1,22 1,27
Chart 7: Projection of potential growth of price of services up to the limit of 1.3%
Conclusion There is a possibility to increase revenues by rising prices of water supply services and in further analysis this will be considered as a primary source of income. Possibility to finance priority projects out of this income will depend on: The current level of coverage of utility company’s operating costs by revenues generated from providing services The structure and types of investment measures The cost of investment measures
3.3.1.3 SAVINGS IN UTILITY COMPANY OPERATION During 2011, Petrovo Municipality and Utility Company PE „Komunal“ Petrovo have started the activities on the restructuring of utility company. Due to unsolved management relations and poor business performance utility company was shut down in 2010 and then re-established by the Decision of Petrovo Municipality. Currently, there are some activities in implementation of loan in the amount of BAM 400,000.00 through The Republic of Srpska Investment – Development Bank. This money should be used to start the utility company operation, purchase of machinery, trucks and other necessary equipment. Implementation of these activities is being expected by the end of 2011 i.e. at the beginning of 2012. It is important to stress that Utility company PE„Komunal“ Petrovo will have very little to no room for further savings in operation given the size of Petrovo Municipality and a small number of consumers. However, since utility company also deals with providing other utility services, it is expected to have sufficient cash inflow in a total sum of revenues to cover the basic costs of the enterprise.
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 114 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
3.3.2 SOCIAL ASPECTS OF INCREASING THE COST OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICES
The 2007 Household Budget Survey (HBS) for Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) was implemented in partnership by the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BHAS), The Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) and the Republic of Srpska Institute for Statistics (RSIS). Material well-being should be measured in a way that indicates the standard of living that people experience. And yet, as we know, this is difficult to measure and it is generally assumed that a material well-being is a function of the goods and services that people consume. As different individuals consume different goods and services in different quantities, it is assumed that the monetary value of goods and services indicates the level of well-being (“utility”) they produce. Therefore, if two different bundles of goods and services have different monetary values, it is assumed that the most expensive will give a higher level of material well-being to the consumer. Goods and services are bought to be consumed: the cost of a consumption bundle is therefore an indicator of utility according to a money metric (a monetary measure). How much an individual spent is thus considered an indicator of how much that individual consumes, i.e. what level of well-being is going to be attained from that consumption. This way material well-being, i.e. the standard of living, can be expressed in Convertible Marks [BAM], Euros, US Dollars or any other currency. In this sense, poverty is measured as that level of consumption (expenditure) that does not reach a certain level under which the consumption bundle is insufficient to produce a minimum and acceptable level of material well-being. The survey results show that household consumption statistically registered is greater than the statistically registrated revenue which is explained by the high participation of the "informal economy" and other statistically and officially unregistered cash flows. It is interesting to see that the share of costs for water and sanitation services is 13.7% of the total household costs for utilities and energy expenditures. That is the obvious proof of over the decades- long policy which considered water and sanitation services as primarily social rather than economic categories.
Percentage share in consumption of energy and utilities (BAM) (%) Total monthly consumption 1.623,86
Electricity, Gas, Water, other energy resources 113,67
Water Supplying 15,58 13,71% Water and Sewerage in Total 19,63 17,27%
The table below explains why the entire utilities sector that specializes in providing water supply services is in a very difficult economic situation, and unable to cover the basic costs of operation and maintenance from the revenues generated by providing services. It is obvious that the pricing policy was based and adopted to the capabilities of app. 15% of relatively poor population and that the rest of the population was spared of paying the real water supply services.
Relative Poverty
The Relative Poverty Line per Adjusted Member per month 350,22 (BAM)
Percentage of the Poor per Adjusted Member 15,64 (%)
Water Supplying 6,32 1,80%
Water and Sewerage in Total 7,58 2,16%
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 115 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
One possibility to overcome this situation is the introduction of block tariffs that would allow "relatively poor" part of the population to have the ability to use water services at affordable prices with rational behaviour and consumption, while at the same time the rest of the consumers could use the same services in accordance with their ability to pay the true cost of services. However, when it comes to social aspects of increasing the costs of water supply services in Petrovo Municipality, the above data should be interpreted with caution because Petrovo Municipality is one of the underdeveloped municipalities in both Republic of Srpska and Federation of BiH. This is confirmed by the findings of the Study called “Regional Disparities in BiH” conducted by the UNDP of BiH in 2010 in which Municipality of Petrovo is listed as “extremely underdeveloped” municipality and by the development criteria occupies 134 position of 142 municipalities in BiH. Regarding the registered poor people which are included into the group of „real poverty“, there is a Study “Action plan for social inclusion into the system of social/children protection, related to the branch of water supplying in Petrovo Municipality for 2011-2012” drafted, which provides the recommendations and guidelines for solving the problems of socially jeopardized persons. For all the foregoing reasons when performing economic and financial analysis the Consultant used moderate and conservative assumptions of both revenue growth and estimates of the current revenues and financial abilities of households.
3.3.3 PETROVO MUNICIPALITY ABILITIES TO FINANCE THE WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS
Abilities of Petrovo Municipality to finance the reconstruction projects and the construction of water supplying infrastructure are extremely limited due to small budgetary revenues. The current strategy of Petrovo Municipality as the underdeveloped municipality has been focused on the finding the additional sources of funding through higher levels of government (the Government of Republic of Srpska) or through the international organizations. Previous chapters show that the defined priority projects can be financed only from the following funding sources Increasing the price of water supply services Increasing the collection rate Financing the infrastructure projects from the additional funding sources at the level of Republic of Srpska or through international organisations' grants.
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 116 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
0,95 Water Supply Service Price BAM/m3 0,9
0,85
0,8
0,75
0,7
0,65 Cijena usluge voda - vodomjeri 0,6 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Chart 8: Plan of increasing the price of water supply services
100,00% 95,00% Increasing Collection Rate 90,00% 85,00% 80,00% 75,00% 70,00% 65,00% 60,00% 55,00% 50,00% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Chart 9: Plan of increasing the collection rate 7000 6500 6000 Number of Consumers 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Broj potrošača priključenih na sistem
Chart 10: Increasing the number of users
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 117 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Based on a possible plan for price increase as well as increasing the number of consumers we are able to assess that the utility company PE „Komunal“ Petrovo after covering fixed costs of operation, will be able to accumulate a surplus of funds for the purpose of the financing the priority projects from the revenues provided by the water supply services. Despite the significant increase in prices of services and number of consumers, the utility company will be able to become a sustainable, to cover basic costs of its operation and to start financing reconstruction projects of water supply system on its own only after the year 2015.
Financial Capacity of Utility Company 800.000
600.000 Ukupno prihodi; 400.000 371.687 Akumulirani višak; - 200.000 Ukupni97.286 troškovi ; 241.712
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 KM -200.000
-400.000
-600.000
-800.000
-1.000.000
Chart 11: : Financial ability of utility company
CONCLUSION This optimistic plan of the assessment of water utility’s financial ability is based on three important assumptions: Strict compliance with the plan of price increase and the collection degree Increase the number of users by including households which are currently not customers of Water Utility Company, but have organized water supply and do not pay water supply services. Utility Company will annually generate additional income from other sources amounting to app. BAM 30,000.00
Chapter: Prioritized Plan of Investment Measures for the Period of 10 Years 118 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
4 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PRIORITY INVESTMENTS
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 119 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
4.1 IDENTIFYING TECHNICAL SCOPE FOR INVESTMENT MEASURES AND COST ASSESSMENT
Due to favourable hydrogeological conditions the Municipality of Petrovo has sufficient quantities of quality potable water the use of which does not require high costs because of the small share of costs for electricity. The main problems of Petrovo Municipality water supply are often the result of unplanned network development and the system itself. The lack of project documentation and cadastre of underground installations also represents a pronounced problem. Lack of regular maintenance of existing systems and the network has resulted in need for a general reconstruction of all system parts in the area of Petrovo Municipality. In addition to lack of knowledge of water supply system, measurements in the water supply systems are one of the mayor problems. There are no available data on water production or the water consumption. Existing sources should be renewed. Reservoirs also need repair and due to worn out pipelines and it is assumed that there is a great percentage of losses in the system. Therefore, when it comes to priority investments in water supply systems in the area of Petrovo Municipality, activities on the current water supply system reconstruction are first course of action.
Table 43: Recapitulation of the priority measures plan
Cost Cost Description of Works (BAM) (BAM) GIS, hydraulic model, defect removal, monitoring of the system and procurement of equipment for defect removal and developing project 1.632.224,70 documentation
Construction of new main distribution transmission pipelines 1.386.034,26
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Karanovac 267.125,64
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Sočkovac 308.190,49
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Kakmuž and Petrovo 810.718,13
Reservoirs 206.100,00
Rehabilitation of capture structures and reservoirs 106.100,00
Construction of new reservoirs - Karanovac 100.000,00
Construction of Chlorine stations – Gas chlorination 8.750,00
SKADA Remote Control System 176.000,00
Total: 3.409.108,96
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 120 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
The above table shows that total value of priority investments is higher than the actual financial ability of Utility company PE„Komunal“Petrovo and Petrovo Municipality. In accordance with the actual financial abilities and in cooperation with the Supervisory Board it was decided the commence of activities on
Construction of new main distribution transmission pipelines 1.386.034,26
SKADA Remote Control System 176.000,00
TOTAL 1.562.034,26
will be separated from the Plan of priority measures. These activities remain the priority for the next 10 years, but the Petrovo Municipality will initiate activities on obtaining additional funds for financing these projects through application thereof to higher government levels of Republic of Srpska and international organizations. If Municipality Petrovo fails to implement these projects in the next decade their absence will not affect significantly quality of water supply and ability to manage the system. The revised plan of priority measures is given in the table below. Table 44: Revised plan of priority measures
Cost Cost Description of Works (BAM) (BAM) GIS, hydraulic model, defect removal, monitoring of the system and procurement of equipment for defect removal and developing project 1.632.224,70 documentation
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Karanovac 267.125,64
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Sočkovac 308.190,49
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Kakmuž and Petrovo 810.718,13
Reservoirs 206.100,00
Rehabilitation of capture structures and reservoirs 106.100,00
Construction of new reservoirs - Karanovac 100.000,00
Construction of Chlorine stations – Gas chlorination 8.750,00
Total: 1.847.074,70
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 121 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
4.2 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
4.2.1 OPERATION EXPENSES OF UTILITY COMPANY
List of employees in PE „Komunal“:
Seq. No. Employed Staff Total 1 MSc in Mechanical Engineering 1 2 Economist 1 3 Mechanical Technician 1 4 Machinist 1 5 Grammar School – Specialist of certain duties 1 6 Skilled Welder 1 7 Driver 1 8 Low-qualified Worker 3 Total Number of Employees: 10
Total fixed expenses Salaries and other payments BAM 163,200.00 Other BAM 35,000.00 Total BAM 198,200.00
WATER SUPPLYING (70%) BAM 138,740.00
VARIABLE COSTS (including the regular maintenance costs) Average cost (BAM 6 per connection per month
VARIABLE EXPENSES IN TOTAL BAM 64,800.00
PE „KOMUNAL“ IN TOTAL BAM 203,540.00
4.2.2 COST RECOVERY PLAN Analysis was made on the basis of the following assumptions All of the costs were calculated on the basis of the current costs without inflation, VAT and other fees and taxes The discount rate is 8% Possible income sources are defined as: Incomes obtained by providing water supply services with the services costs up to household capability, i.e. 1.3% of estimated revenues Increasing the number of users The following charts show projections of increasing the water supply services' prices, number of consumers and collection rate.
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 122 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
7000
6000 Increasing Number of Consumers
5000
4000
Broj potrošača priključenih na sistem 3000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
0,95 Water Supply Service Price 0,9
0,85
0,8
0,75
0,7 Cijena usluge voda - vodomjeri 0,65
0,6 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
100,00% Increasing Collection Rate 95,00%
90,00%
85,00%
80,00%
75,00%
70,00%
65,00%
60,00%
55,00%
50,00% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
With these projections we see that the utility company could cover basic operating costs and accumulate surplus funds which would be used for system maintenance and financing of priority actions and measures.
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 123 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
According to their priorities, the expenses recovery can be divided into
Cost Recovery Type I Difference between operational costs and total revenues after investments Difference between operational and maintenance costs and total revenues Cost Recovery Type II after investments
If we assume that the annual investment is zero, i.e. that there are no investments in the development and maintenance of the system, for each year or cumulatively for the period considered, we will get financial investment capacity of the utility company. The results of this analysis are shown in the following chart
Cost Recovery Plan
400000 Pokrivanje troškova Tip I; 291.116
200000 Pokrivanje troškova AkumuliraniTip II; višak; 129.975 - 0 97.286
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
-200000 KM
-400000
-600000
-800000
Income and Operation Costs Projection
800000
700000
600000
500000
400000 Ukupno prihodi; 371.687 300000 Ukupni troškovi ; 200000 241.712
100000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
It is obvious that, with the assumed scenario, the utility company will start to accumulate the surplus funds for investing in priority projects only from the year 2015. By the year 2022, at the end of 10- year period, accumulated investment surplus would be app. BAM 1,400,000.
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 124 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
The above analysis was performed assuming the constant price level of 2010, inflation was not taken into account. This means that the above-defined plan of covering the costs is feasible only if the planned water supply price increase is adjusted for inflation value in the considered period. If we also put in an already-prepared model the investments expenses in the Plan of Priority Measures in accordance with the assumed dynamic plan
Plan of Investement Costs 600000
500000
400000
300000 KM
200000
100000
0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Chart 12: Investment plan we will get the following results
Income and Operation Costs Projection 800000
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Chart 13: Investment plan – final option
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 125 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Cost Recovery Plan 400000
200000
0
-200000
-400000
-600000
-800000
Pokrivanje troškova Tip I Pokrivanje troškova Tip II Akumulirani višak
Chart 14: Cost recovery plan – final option
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 126 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Economic-financial analysis COST RECOVERY PLAN Operational costs, maintenance costs and investments costs
All values are expressed in BAM YEAR 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
TOTAL COSTS 194.400 194.400 194.400 444.400 348.288 402.254 456.299 710.425 464.633 418.926 223.304 227.771 232.326 236.973 241.712
Operational and Maintenance Costs 194.400 194.400 194.400 444.400 348.288 402.254 456.299 710.425 464.633 418.926 223.304 227.771 232.326 236.973 241.712
Maintenance 129.600 129.600 129.600 129.600 132.192 134.836 137.533 140.283 143.089 145.951 148.870 151.847 154.884 157.982 161.141 Operational costs 64.800 64.800 64.800 64.800 66.096 67.418 68.766 70.142 71.544 72.975 74.435 75.924 77.442 78.991 80.571
Investments costs 250.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 500.000 250.000 200.000
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 127 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
BAM 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Households connected to the system 950 1450 1500 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1800 1800 Consumers connected to the system 3800 5800 6000 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 7200 7200
Water consumption (litre/capita/day) 180 162,00 156,21 151,33 147,13 147,13 143,45 140,19 137,27 137,27 137,27 137,27 137,27 137,27 137,27 Water consumption per household (m3/day) 0,72 0,65 0,62 0,61 0,59 0,59 0,57 0,56 0,55 0,55 0,55 0,55 0,55 0,55 0,55
Households with the water meter 950 1.450 1.500 1.700 1.700 1.700 1.700 1.700 1.700 1.700 1.700 1.700 1.700 1.800 1.800 Households without the water meter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Price of water services– water meters (BAM/m3) 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90
(BAM/conn/mon Price of water services – lump sum th) 6,00 6,00 6,00 6,00 6,00 8,00 12,00 14,00 14,00 14,00 14,00 14,00 14,00 14,00 14,00 Other revenues Fee 2 ( BAM/year) (BAM Fee 3 /conn/month) (BAM Fee 3 /conn/month)
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 128 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Revenues from collected services 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Households
- Invoiced consumption BAM 149.796 240.068 273.687 300.486 292.139 328.657 320.440 313.157 306.633 306.633 306.633 306.633 306.633 324.671 324.671 - Collection rate % 60,00% 75,00% 85,00% 85,00% 90,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00%
Households - TOTAL
- Invoiced consumption BAM 149.796 240.068 273.687 300.486 292.139 328.657 320.440 313.157 306.633 306.633 306.633 306.633 306.633 324.671 324.671
- Charged value BAM 89.878 180.051 232.634 255.413 262.925 312.224 304.418 297.500 291.302 291.302 291.302 291.302 291.302 308.437 308.437
Household Revenues per person per year BAM 3156 3188 3219 3252 3284 3317 3350 3384 3417 3452 3486 3521 3556 3592 3628
Invoiced service as % of revenue % 1,25% 1,30% 1,42% 1,36% 1,31% 1,46% 1,41% 1,36% 1,32% 1,31% 1,29% 1,28% 1,27% 1,26% 1,24% Charged service as % of revenue % 0,75% 0,97% 1,20% 1,16% 1,18% 1,38% 1,34% 1,29% 1,25% 1,24% 1,23% 1,22% 1,20% 1,19% 1,18%
Industry and other business consumers
- Invoiced consumption BAM 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 - Collection rate % 75,00% 80,00% 83,00% 75,00% 80,00% 85,00% 90,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00% 95,00%
TOTAL - Industry and other business consumers
- Invoiced consumption BAM 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000 - Charged value BAM 26.250 28.000 29.050 26.250 28.000 29.750 31.500 33.250 33.250 33.250 33.250 33.250 33.250 33.250 33.250
1. Other revenues BAM 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 2. 3. Total 0 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 129 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
Results of the analysis Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Revenues All values are expressed in BAM
Revenues obtained from the services to the households
Collected revenues 89.878 180.051 232.634 255.413 262.925 312.224 304.418 297.500 291.302 291.302 291.302 291.302 291.302 308.437 308.437
Revenues obtained from the services to the industry Collected revenues 26.250 28.000 29.050 26.250 28.000 29.750 31.500 33.250 33.250 33.250 33.250 33.250 33.250 33.250 33.250
Revenues from the budgetary institutions Collected revenues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total revenues 116.128 208.051 261.684 281.663 290.925 341.974 335.918 330.750 324.552 324.552 324.552 324.552 324.552 341.687 341.687 Other revenues 0 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 Additional financing from the budget 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Loan
Total revenues 116.128 238.051 291.684 311.663 320.925 371.974 365.918 360.750 354.552 354.552 354.552 354.552 354.552 371.687 371.687
Costs
Operational costs 64.800 64.800 64.800 64.800 66.096 67.418 68.766 70.142 71.544 72.975 74.435 75.924 77.442 78.991 80.571
Maintenance and reinvestment costs 129.600 129.600 129.600 129.600 132.192 134.836 137.533 140.283 143.089 145.951 148.870 151.847 154.884 157.982 161.141
Operational and maintenance costs before savings 194.400 194.400 194.400 194.400 198.288 202.254 206.299 210.425 214.633 218.926 223.304 227.771 232.326 236.973 241.712 Savings of costs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Operational and maintenance costs in total 194.400 194.400 194.400 194.400 198.288 202.254 206.299 210.425 214.633 218.926 223.304 227.771 232.326 236.973 241.712
Investment costs 0 0 0 250.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 500.000 250.000 200.000 0 0 0 0 0 Repayment of loans
Total costs 194.400 194.400 194.400 444.400 348.288 402.254 456.299 710.425 464.633 418.926 223.304 227.771 232.326 236.973 241.712
Lack of money for investments 116.128 238.051 291.684 61.663 170.925 171.974 115.918 -139.250 104.552 154.552 354.552 354.552 354.552 371.687 371.687
Cost recovery Type I 51.328 173.251 226.884 -3.137 104.829 104.556 47.152 -209.392 33.007 81.576 280.117 278.628 277.110 292.696 291.116
Cost recovery Type II -78.272 43.651 97.284 -132.737 -27.363 -30.280 -90.381 -349.675 -110.082 -64.374 131.247 126.781 122.226 134.715 129.975
Accumulated surplus -78.272 -34.622 62.663 -70.074 -97.437 -127.717 -218.098 -567.773 -677.855 -742.229 -610.982 -484.201 -361.975 -227.261 -97.286
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 130 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
4.3 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
For all projects that are the subject of this study is not necessary to do a preliminary assessment of environmental impacts in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Srpska.
4.4 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND STRATEGY
The Supervisory Board of Petrovo Municipality, which has actively participated in the preparation of this Study will be the body responsible for implementation of the Study. The study is considered to be a "living" document that will at least annually, in accordance with the progress of implementation and in accordance with other planned activities of both Municipality and utility company, be revised and updated in accordance with the needs.
The Supervisory Board of Petrovo Municipality
Dr Zoran Blagojević Mayor Draženka Head of Department Petrovo Municipality Maksimović Vukadin Blagojević
isory Board isory Zoran Đuranović
Water and Sewerage Boban Panić Managing Director Utility Company Superv Mladen Vulić Petrovo
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 131 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
4.5 DYNAMIC PLAN
Year S.n. Type of works 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 219 2020
1 Development of Water Source Protection Study
2 Development of WSS hydraulic model
Procurement of equipment and water supply system 3 monitoring Development of project documentation at the level of the 4 main projects Investigation of the network and rehabilitation of defects in 5 the first 10 years
6 Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Karanovac
7 Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Sočkovac
Reconstruction of distribution network in WSS Kakmuž and 8 Petrovo
9 Rehabilitation of capture structures and reservoirs
10 Construction of new reservoirs - Karanovac
11 Construction of Chlorine stations – Gas chlorination
Chapter: Feasibility Study for Priority Investments 132 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
5 APPENDICES
Chapter: Appendices 133 WATER SUPPLY STUDY FOR PETROVO MUNICIPALITY
APPENDIX 1: GENERAL MAP OF PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – THE CURRENT STATE
APPENDIX 2: GENERAL MAP OF PETROVO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – THE PLANNED STATE
Chapter: Appendices 134