Index
Acquasparta Formation (AF), 505 fossil record, 197, 206 AF. Acquasparta Formation lake sedimentation phase, 200 AgredaSee Alloformation, 265, 270 Araripe-Potiguar depression (NE Brazil) deposition, 276 lacustrine phases, 197-206 facies associations and thicknesses, 271-273 sedimentary basins and sequences, 198-199 Agua Grande fault, 220 tectonic setting, 197 Aguil6n Formation (Central Iberian Range-NE Spain) Aratu local stage, 229 facies distribution, 288-289 Arches, sediment thickness and, 103 facies distribution, vertical, 293 Artoles Formation, 295 facies, principal, 292 Atafona Member, 226 lake unit paleoenvironments, 289 Aygyrshol Formation, 62 main fault, 288 thickness distribution, 288 Aguil6n subbasin (Central Iberian Range-NE Spain) Badejo Structural High, 229 facies distribution and stratigraphy, 289 Badlands (S. Dakota), field sites, 350. Chadron geologic subbasin, 285 Formation See also main listric fault, 287 Balbuena subgroup. Salta group outcrops, 286 Barbalha, 205 See Aix-en-Provence region Barungoi sequences, 52 basin architecture, 320 Basalts sedimentation context, 320-321 Columbia River, 364-365 lacustrine carbonate accumulation, 320 Etendeka, 178 Aktau Formation, 59 flood, 55, 167-168, 178 lower part, 63 Kalkrand, 167 Aktau Mountain Karoo, 167-168 lithostratigraphic units, 59 Neogene and Quaternary, 55 lithostratigraphy, paleontology, and depositional Bayunshirere sequences, 52 phases, 62 Beauce limestones (France). Paris Basin (Beauce Alac6n Formation, facies distribution and limestones) See stratigraphy, 284 Beaufort Group, 87, 100 Albian phase, 203-206 Bembridge Limestone Formation, 369-370 Alkaline lake deposits, 167-168 biomicrites, 372 Alluvial fan brecciated-nodular, 372 facies association, 511 carbonate facies, 374-375 ponds, 67-70 clotted-peloidal-ooidal, 372-374 Altai basins (Mongolia), 48 facies and cyclicity, 370-371 Anaerobic degradation, 20 important localities, 370 Andina Basin (Argentina), 323-327 intraclastic, 372 basin evolution, 327 laminar (Crustose), 374 Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary deposits, 324 lithologies, 372-374 Salta Group distribution, 324 marls and marly, 372 sedimentation processes, 327 muds and siliciclastic lithologies, 374 setting and stratigraphy, 323 silicified with microlenticular gypsum Yacoraite Formation, 323-324 pseudomorphs, 374 Angaran palynoflora! province (Mongolia), 36 succession, 373 Anoxia development, 310 Biomarkers, 21, 23 Anyao Formation Bioturbation preservation, 93 flute marks in turbidites, 192 Black Hills (S. Dakota) fossil record, 191 aquifers, 355 Jurassic lake deposits, 189 crystalline core, 355 regional setting, 189 field sites, 350 sedimentary facies, 189-190 modern flow systems, 355 stacking pattern, 190 Paleozoic carbonates, 353 turbidite lacustrine deposits, 192 uplift, 355 Aquigulake Group, 125 Blesa Formation Araripe Basin (NE Brazil), 197-199, 203-206 depositional sequence, 280, 282 Aptian lake deposits, 206 facies sequence, distribution, and stratigraphy, formation columns, 201 283-284
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lithostratigraphic synthesis, 281 sedimentary environments, 264-274 members, 279 stratigraphy, 263-264, 266 sedimentation, 280 subbasins, 266 Blomidon Formation, 160-161 Campos Basin (Brazil) fossil record, 160 acoustic-lithologic units, 226-241 mudstones and sandstones, 162 bioclastic carbonate lacustrine facies models, 245-254 Bogda Shan, 126 biostratigraphic interval characteristics, 246 uplift, 123 deposition, 241-243, 245 west flank, 127 facies associations, 246-248 Bouma sequences, 189, 362 geologic setting, 245-246 Breccia formation, in situ, 94 index map, 226 Brejo Santo Formation, 197 Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy, 245-246 lithologic column, 201 main structural elements, 246 Bristol Dry Lake (California) paleoenvironmental synthesis, 253-254 alluvial fan, 598-599 rift and transitional phase stratigraphy, 227-228 basin age and hydrochemistry, 600-602 rift phase structural features, 245 core age correlation, 603 rift, south-dipping, 230 depositional environments, 598-600 rift stage units, 2311 233-235 facies distribution, 600 stratigraphy, 225-228 geologic setting, 597-598 tectono-stratigraphic evolution, 241 major ion concentrations, 602 unit highs and low, 229-230 playa hydrology and margin, 599-600 units A-J, 226-241 salt pan, 599-600 units, transitional, 230 sedimentology, stratigraphy, and Candeias Formation, 214 hydrochemistry, 597-603 synrift system, 211 stratigraphic framework and sections, 600-601 Cangfanggou Group, 115 water-wells and cores, 598 Carbonates Buxin Group, lithostratigraphy, 332 Cascante-Ademuz zone, 499 interbedded fine-grained, 134-135 lacustrine, 47, 181, 186, 320, 501-502 Cabiunas Formation, 226, 229 lake sequences, shallowing-upward, 353 Calcaire de Rognac Formation, 319 Nilga Basin, 47 characterized, 320-321 Paleozoic, 353 regions, 317-319 Carboniferous and Permian lakes (Mongolia) stratigraphy, 318 biostratigraphic information, 36 Calcaire de Vitrolles episode, 320 facies details, 36 Calcaire de Vitrolles Formation, 319 fossil record, 36 Canet section, 321 geochemical characterization, 38 characterized, 320-321 tectonic overview, 36 detailed section, 320 Cascade Range (Washington, U.S.) Calcaire du Berry (COB), 389-394 Eocene wrench-fault step-over basin, 359-366 fossils, 390 geological setting, 359-361 geochemistry, 389 lacustrine facies, 363-365 limestone types, 392 Nahahum Canyon Member, 361-362 lithologic section at La Chevalerie Quarry, 393 paleolimnology, 363 outcrop exposures, 390 thermal maturity, 363-365 paleoenvironmental interpretation, 394 Cascante-Ademuz zone, 497-502 sedimentology, 389 carbonate lacustrine systems, 501-502 stratigraphy, 389 carbonates, 499 Calcaire Lacustre de Touraine (CLT), 343-344 coal (lignite), 500 Eocene exposures and sections, 344-345 evaporite lacustrine systems, 502 subbasins, 344-345 evaporites, 499-500 Calcaires de Beauce Formation lacustrine facies, 499-500 Oligocene-Miocene, 417-422 lacustrine systems, 501-502 Pithiviers area stratigraphy, 420 Libros, stratigraphic framework, 500 Calcariola-Fosso Canalicchio unit (CFCU), 527 mudstones, 500 Camarillas Formation, 295 Case Strinati Lake, 530-531 Cameros Basin (Northern Spain) Castellar Formation, 295 alloformations, 267-269 facies distribution, 297, 300 continental deposits, 263 main facies, 299 continental infilling, 274-275 sedimentary evolution, 297-299 domain, 257 sedimentologic model, 301 eastern and western, 263-265 COB. Calcaire du Berry fossil record, 264, 274 CentralSee Iberian domain, 258 paleogeographic maps for alloformations, 274-276 CFCU. Calcariola-Fosso Canalicchio unit paleogeographic source areas, 264-265 ChadronSee Formation (Badlands, S. Dakota)
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calcretes controversy, 350 Daheyen Formation, 129 carbonate, 349-352 Death Valley (California) depositional environment, 352 basins. Furnace Creek Formation geological setting, 349 ephemeralSee lake and pond associations, 73 implications, 353-355 lake, 591 lacustrine limestones and tubas, 349-355 wadi fan, dune, and temporary lake deposits, 72 lithofacies, 351-352 Degradation, anaerobic, 20 lithology, 349-350 Depositional sequences, 7 paleontology, 352 Desert lake deposits, temporary, 67 stratigraphic correlation of sections, 352 Dilution, 20 stratigraphy and age, 350-351 Distensive basins, lacustrine tufa and travertine deposition in late Eocene, 354 and, 311 Konservat-Lagerstiitten White River Group, 349 Doros Formation (Namibia), 88-89 Chemeron Formation facies architecture, 95 diatom assemblages and distribution, 468 facies variations, 103 floras, 469-470 fluvio-lacustrine succession, 95 Cherts, Magadi-type, 183 fossil record, 93 Chignecto subbasin, 159 geometry and extent, 89 location, 160 lake development, 90-93 Chilean Altiplano lake sediments, 87-88 geologic and geographic setting, 625 nearshore fluvial setting with ephemeral saline lake Late Quaternary lacustrine deposition, 625-634 intervals, 93 morphostructural units in lakes, 626 regional tectonostratigraphic framework, 89 China Lake, 591 rift zone model, 101 Chuladyr Formation, 60 sedimentologic log, 92 lacustrine deposition and, 63 sedimentologic relationships, 104 Chumstick Formation Drying-upward, cycles and trend, 82 basin, measured sections, 360 Dumfries Basin, 67-70 burial temperatures, 364 alluvial fan, 69 divisions, 359-361 environments, 72 extent, 364 fan toe, desert floor, interdune pond, and lake paleocurrent data of members, 362 deposits, 71 stratigraphic relationships of members, 361 sheetflood and playa deposits, 73 vitrinite reflectance values, 366 Dwyka Group, 177 CLAMP. Climate-Leaf Analysis Multivariate sequence, 168 ProgramSee Dzumbain sequence (Mongolia), 45, 47, 51 Clastic sediment input, 20 Climate, lake size and, 7 Climate-Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program Eagle Creek fault zone, 366 (CLAMP), 427 Early Jurassic rift valley, 167-168 CLT. Calcaire Lacustre de Touraine East Govi fossil record, 48 Coal depositsSee (Mongolia), 48 Ebro Basin (NE Spain), 407-414 Colorado Plateau, 181 alluvial and lacustrine facies, 400 Columbia River Basalt, 364-365 geologic maps and setting, 395-396, 407-408 Coquinas sequence halite precipitation, 401 bioclastic bars, beaches, and sheets, 248-249 lacustrine evolution, 396-402 bioherms, 248, 252 lacustrine vs. alluvial units, 408 calcarenite, 248-249 Oligocene-Miocene deposits, 400 chronozone paleoenvironment distribution, 253 Oligocene-Miocene rock chronostratigraphy and depositional evolution and paleoenvrionments, 247, stratigraphic profiles, 409-410 251-253 paleogeography, 396-402 facies association, 249-251 sedimentology, 396-402 lacustrine deposits, facies patterns, and paleo sequential trends of Pyrenean domain, 403 environments, 247-248, 252 stratigraphic and evolutionary summary, 399 marginal lake environment, 248 stratigraphy, 395 paleogeographic evolution, 254 units, 402-403 Corumbatai Formation, 101 upper Arvenian and lowermost Orleanian, 410 Crato Member upper Oligocene-upper Miocene rocks, 397 environmental interpretation, 206 Elbe subgroup, 81 lithologic column for lake sequence, 207 El Bolage Limestone, 497 lithologic log, 205 El Campo Gypsum, 497 Creede Formation (SW US), 425 Environment stress characteristics, 25 depositional history, 433 Eocene Green River Formation, 4-5 geologic map with paleovalleys and Ephemeral lake sedimentation changes, 83 paleocanyons, 432 Erosion unconformities, 226 Oligocene, 427-430 Etendeka flood basalts, 178
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Facies associations hydrocarbon potential, 162-164 Agreda Alloformation, 271-273 lacustrine strata of, 160-162 alluvial, 449-450, 511 stratigraphy, 159-160 Campos Basin, 246-248 subbasin location, 160 channel/levee subassociation, 450, 454 Triassic-Jurassic lacustrine deposition, 159 Coquinas sequence, 249-251 Furnace Creek Formation (Death Valley, U.S.) dry mudflat-playa complex, 454-456 basin, 486-487 ephemeral, 449 borates, 487 evaporite lake complex, 454-460 carbonate/ siliciclastic laminites, 483-487 fluvial-lacustrine, 7 central basins, 481-488 Calve subbasin, 300 conglomerates, 482-483, 485 Huerteles, Magana, Matute, and Valdeprado depositional model of, 488 Alloformations, 271-273 facies, 482-488 lacustrine. Lacustrine facies associations fault zone (FCFZ), 481 mudflat-swampSee complex, 454 Golden Canyon, 487 NGB, 76-84 lacustrine facies, 486-487 open lake, 456, 460 lithologic column for, 483-484 playa-lake complex, 456 lithostratigraphy of, 481-482 shallow lake, 454 lower conglomerate facies, 485 siliciclastic-carbonate lacustrine complex, 454 outcrop and main features, 482 subassociations, 454 Salt Creek, 486 Sulmona Basin, 521-524 sandstones, 483 Tanzhuang Formation, 133-137 tertiary stratigraphy of basin, 483 Tiberino Basin, 508 volcanics, 487-488 UKB, 449-460 Farm Hardap pool structures, 174-175 Gai-As Formation, 88-89. Gai-As Formation Faults (Brazil); Gai-As FormationSee also (Namibia) active, 53 analogy of sedimentologic relationships, 104 Aqua Grande, 220 architectural model of rift zone, 101 Aguil6n Formation, 288 facies variations, 103 Cascade Range, 359-366 Gai-As Formation (Brazil), 98 Eagle Creek, 366 Gai-As Formation (Namibia) extensional, 295-301 facies architecture changes, 95 Furnace Creek, 481 fluvio-lacustrine succession, 95 Calve, 295-301 fossil record, 90, 91 Hardap, 168 lake development, 90-93 Las Hoyas, 304 lake, upward-shallowing with tempestites, 91, 93 listric, 287 offshore lacustrine setting, 91 Mata-Catu, 210-21 1 regional tectono-stratigraphic framework, 89 Miravete, 297-298 sedimentologic log, 92 Nova America, 220 Gai-As Lake rift-related, 102 Brazil, 96-100 Tancheng-Lujiang, 474 extent and age, 89-90 trending, 296 Namibia, 93, 96 Twyfelfontein Formation, 99 paleogeographic setting, 104 Yellow River, 189 sediments, 87-88 FBF. Fosso Bianco Formation system (N. Namibia and Brazil), 87 FCF. See Furnace Creek Formation tectonic evolution, 100-104 FCFZ.See Furnace Creek Formation, fault zone Calve subbasin (Teruel, Spain) FlamingSee Mountain facies association vertical distribution, 300 facies analysis and paleogeography, 147-149 facies, Castellar Formation main, 299 outcrop, 142, 148 facies, Weald thickness distribution, 298 Flood basalts, 55, 167-168, 178 faults, extensional and lacustrine evolution, 295-301 Floodplain lake deposits, Early Pleistocene alluvial plain, faults, trending, 296 535-541 geologic map, 296 Florissant Formation (SW US), 425-427 geologic setting, 295 geologic map of, 430 sedimentary record, 295-296 lake basins in region, 427 tectonic control of sedimentation, 296-297 stratigraphy of, 431 Gas chromatograms, 41 Flute marks, 190 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), 145 Fluvial-lacustrine facies associations, 7 GC-MS. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Fossil preservation processes, 310 Gilbert typeSee deltas, 137 Fosso Bianco Formation (FBF), 505 Como Member, 214 Framework, integrated, 3 Gondwana Fundy rift basin (E. Canada) deposits, 100 formations, 161 distribution of Karoo strata, 88
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Govi Basin, 44, 51 facies assemblage, 136 Guruvung Tess, 55 Jurassic lacustrine and fan delta deposits, 190 Green River Formation (Wyoming), Eocene lake units, 14 regional setting, 133, 189 Gudaus Hill, 94, 103 stratigraphic column, 191 Guruvung Tess playa lake, 55 subbasin Mesozoic stratigraphy, 135, 191 Triassic lacustrine deposits, 134 Hampshire Basin (England), 369-375 Junggar Basin (China and NW China) location and geologic context, 369 fossil record, 115 Hardap area geologic setting, 111-115 master fault, 168 geology of Kelameili area, 112 Nature Park, lithologic logs of interlayers, 170-171 geophysical data, 117 quarry pool structures, 172, 174 Kelameili area, 111 reservoir, Early Jurassic Kalkrand flood basalts, 167 lithofacies paleogeography of Late Permian, 113-115 Henan Province (China), 189 Permian deposits, 123 Hiawatha outcrop, 5 Permian outcrop distribution, 124 Hongyanchi Formation, 27, 127 Permian units, 127 fossil record, 129 origin, 113 Hoya de la Madre de las Latas sequence, 309 Quaternary deposits, 112 Huab area stratigraphy of Kelameili area, 113 transitional offshore lake facies, 94 Kalkrand Formation (Mariental) Formation, 88, 101 generalized stratigraphy, 169 marine Whitehill equivalents, 101 interlayers, 178 Huerteles Alloformation, 268, 270 Jurassic, 168 allocyclic controls, 272 sedimentological model, 176-177 facies associations and average thicknesses, 271-273 Kapthurin Formation, 566 lithology, 269 Karoo flood basalts (S. Namibia), 167-168 sedimentation, 271-272 geological context, 167 Huerteles alloformation deposition, 276 Kelameili Mountains, 111-112 Hulett Member, 155 Kenya Rift Valley (Southern) Hummocky cross-stratification, 94 Lake Baringo, 561-567 Hydrocarbon Olorgesailie Formation, 553-559 character, potential, and production, 3 Keszthely-basin evolution, 611 generation influences, 21 Khargus Nurr (Mongolia), 54 Hydrogen vs. oxygen indexes, 446 Khorgos Formation, 63 Kokwob Formation, stratigraphic sections of lacustrine Iberian Basin (NE Spain) sequence, 566 Cretaceous sedimentation in domains, 260 Koora graben, 554 Early Cretaceous, 257 Kudu wells (Namibia), 168 evolutionary stages, 257 offshore gas field potential reservoir domains, paleogeographic, 257-260 equivalents, 178 subbasins, chronostratigraphic framework, 259 Kwenia graben, 554 Iberian Peninsula, outcrops in Aguil6n subbasin, 286 Kyzylbulak Formation, 59 Iberian Range, geologic map of Lower Cretaceous domains, 248 Lacustrine Iguatu Basin, 202 alluvial units vs., 400, 408 Iguatu-Ic6 basins, 199-200 area, 413 Ilhas system syn-rift, 211 assemblage, 325-327 IIi Basin (SE Kazakhstan), 59-62 basins. Lacustrine basins depositional systems, 62-63 carbonates,See 47, 181, 186, 320, 501-502 geological map, 61 development phases, 126-127 location, 60 depositional environments, 510 paleontology, 62 deposits. Lacustrine deposition Indian Wells Valley, 592 diversity, SeeMongolia, 55 lpiac;u-Campina Verde depocenter axis, 103 Eocene, 346 Irati Formation (Brazil), 88 episodes, late Pliocene-Holocene evolution, 527-534 fossil record, 96 episodes, Upper Cretaceous and early Paleocene, Isle of Wight 317-321 Bembridge outcrop, 370 evaporite systems, 502 paleogene succession in, 371 evolution, 396-402 succession in Whitecliff Bay, 373 evolution and extensional faults, 295-301 Isopach values, 214 facies. Lacustrine facies Itabapoana member, 226 fluvio succession,See 95 first phase, 202 Jiangjunmiao Formation, 115 311 Jingjingzigou Formation, 27, 127 lateKonservat-Lagerstiitten, Pliocene and Pleistocene, 591-594 Jiyuan-Yima Basin (China and SE China) Late Quaternary deposition, 625-634
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lithologic column, 81 upper Upper Permian, 129 lithostratigraphic succession, 547 Lacustrine facies, 486, 499-500 limestone. Lacustrine limestone alluvial, 400, 449-461 Lower Barremian,See 279 assemblages, 323-327, 442-445 mudstones, 49, 127 association attributes, 6 offshore setting, 91 bioclastic carbonate models, 245-254 Oligocene, 381-386 in Cascade Range, 359-366 palustrine system, middle Miocene Son Verdera, controls, 6 441-447 deltaic, 364 Pleistocene, 518-521 evaporative associations, 11 Quaternary, 581-588 fluctuating-profundal, 9 rocks, 17, 470 fluvial, 7 shallowing-upward succession, 351 in Fundy rift, 160-1 62 sedimentation, Triassic, Jiyuan-Yima Basin in Furnace Creek, 486-487 (SE China), 133 patterns, 247 sediments. Lacustrine sediments relationships, 186 sequences. See Lacustrine sequences Lacustrine limestone shoreline association,See 324-325 basin-margin, 419 siliciclastic carbonate complex, 454 late Baronian (Eocene), 343-347 successions, 547 tufas (Chadron Formation) and, 349-355 systems. Lacustrine systems Lacustrine Oligocene basins, 381-386 transitionSee to, 96-99 geographic location and tectonic situation, 381 Lacustrine basins sedimentation patterns and tectonic controls, 385 distensive, 311 stratigraphy and sedimentology, 381-382 Early Tertiary, 330 Lacustrine sediments, 182-183 Hong Kong and SE China, 329-333 features, 607-608 Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary continental, 329-333 location, 591 Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary sedimentary, 330 marine/laguno, 419 leading factors of fill evolution, 3-8 Miocene and Pliocene diatomaceous, 465-470 Lower Cretaceous, 225 sequences, 412 Oligocene. Lacustrine Oligocene basins shoreline association, 324-325 paleogeography,See 331 spatial distribution, 608-609 Lacustrine deposition, 63, 111, 363, 536-539 Lacustrine sequences, 37, 42, 566 in basin, 327 Late Jurassic to Mid-Cretaceous, 197-206 Cenozoic (SE Kazakhstan), 59-62 Miocene-Pliocene and marginal, 481-488 deep, 252 sediment, 412 deep paleoenvironment, 248 sediment interlayers, 168, 172 deep-water syn-rift, 209 sediment interlayer variability, 172-177 fan delta, 190 Lacustrine systems, 497-503, 505-511 fossiliferous, 303 common elements of, 28 Jurassic, 190 Early Cretaceous, 285 Late Quaternary, 625-634 lower Barremian, 279 locations in southwestern US, 426 lower-Middle Pleistocene, 543-549 Neogene of north-central Ebro Basin, 395-403 Neogene (Southern Teruel Graben), 497-503 paleobiota in, 473-476 Paleogene-Neogene shallow carbonate, 407-414 palustrine and, 522 prodelta, 509 Permian (NW China). Lacustrine deposits, Upper Cretaceous, 323-327 Permian (NW China)See Lagoa Feia Formation, 226, 229 Pleistocene carbonate, 517-524 bioclastic bar deposits, 250 Pliocene, 505-512 bioclastic sheet/bar fringe deposits, 251 recognition of subaqueous, 84 bivalve limestone composition, 248 Triassic, 134, 136 chronozone paleoenvironment distribution, 253 Triassic-Jurassic (E. Canada), 159 depositional sequences, 248 turbidite, 192 marginal lake environment, 250 Upper Cretaceous-Cenozoic, 335-339 paleogeographic evolution, 254 upper Eocene and Oligocene, 425-435 rift lake stratigraphy, 225-243 Lacustrine deposits, Permian (NW China), 123 rift stages, 231-243 chronostratigraphic correlation, 126 stratigraphic column, 247 fossil record, 127, 129 Laguna Chungani lower, 125 geographic and geologic location, 628 lower upper, 127-129 geographic and geologic setting, 626-627 outcrops, 125 sedimentary facies, 628 representative sections of, 128 seismic surveys, 629 setting, 123 stratigraphy, 627 stratigraphy, 123-125 Laguna de Babicora Basin (NW Mexico) upper Jijicao group, 127-129 Cano profile stratigraphic section, 576
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chronostratigraphic sequences, 569 sedimentation, recent, 562-565 climate, 569 short core logs, 564 climatic changes summary, 577 topographic setting, 562 climatic optimum, 577-578 water composition, 562 Early Holocene, 577 Lake basins El Diablo profile stratigraphic section, 575 architecture of late Mesozoic extension, 45 elevations, environments, and stratigraphic balanced-fill, 8, 12-13, 18, 21, 22, 26 profiles, 572 marine-connected, 23 hypsithermat 577-578 overfilled, 8, 11-12, 17, 22, 25 La Pinta profile stratigraphic section, 574 types. Lake-basin types Las Vargas profile stratigraphic section, 573 underfilled,See 8, 15-16, 19, 21, 23, 26-27 Late Holocene, 578 Lake-basin types, 3, 8-10 Late Quaternary paleolake in, 569-578 biomarker distribution, 27 Late Wisconsinan, 576-577 characteristics, 15 location, 569 hydrocarbon type and, 21-28 location and hypsometric features, 570 hydrogen index, 26 Middle Holocene, 577-578 nonmarine strata, 16 origin ot 569 recognizing diversity, 16 paleoenvironmental interpretation, 575-578 sequence stratigraphy, 10-16 radiocarbon dates of profiles, 571 shallow and deep, 20 sedimentary facies, 570-575 successions, 8 vegetation, 569 TOC, 26 Laguna del Negro Francisco Lakes geographic and geological locations and setting, basins. Lake basins; Lake-basin types 633-634 Bristol DrySee Lake. Bristol Dry Lake ostracod valves, 632 Case Strinati Lake,See 530-531 sedimentary interpretations, 633 center parasequence development and stacking, 16 stratigraphy, 634 China Lake, 591 Laguna Lejia, 627-630 conditions, 83-84 Laguna Miscanti Death Valley, 591 geographic and geologic location, 631 floor sediments, modern, 564 ostracod valves, 632 Gai-As Lake. Gai-As Lake sedimentary facies and units, 631 Guruvung Tess,See 55 seismic surveys, 629 hydrology, 13 stratigraphy, 627, 630 Lake Baikal, 54-55 La Huerguina Formation, 303-304 Lake Balaton. Lake Balaton Lake Baikat 54-55 Lake Baringo, See561-567 Lake Balaton (Hungary) level variance, 16 basement, 607 Malawi, 103 catchment area, river system, and subbasins, 606 modern. Lakes, modern formation and evolutionary history, 609-616 Owens Lake,See 591 geologic background, 605-607 playa, 70-73 geology of Quaternary and pre-Quaternary present-day (Mongolia), 53-55 sequence, 608 Searles Lake, 591-594 Holocene, 610, 614, 616 size, climate and, 7 lacustrine sediment features and distribution, 607-609 Southern Lake, 532 late Pleistocene areal extent, 610 systems. Lake systems limnogeology, 605-616 types, sequenceSee expression, 11-16 peat bed, 607 Lakes, modern Pleistocene, 610-614 climatic humidity, 12 research history, 605 mixis types, 13 Si6fok Basin evolution, 615 PIE comparison, 12 upper Miocene (upper Pannonian), 609-610 water chemistry, 13 zones, 606 Lake systems Lake Baringo knowledge of, 3 bathymetry, 563 marine sequence-stratigraphic modet 4 drainage basin, 563 marine systems and, 4 Kapthurin Formation, 566-567 tectonic and volcanic evolution, 177-178 lake floor, 562-563 La Nava Limestone, 497-498 late Pleistocene-Holocene record, 565-566 Las Hoyas paleolake, 310-311 limnology, 561-562 Las Hoyas subbasin (Iberian Ranges, Spain) location, 562 fossil record, 303 Pleistocene and Holocene sediments and volcanic Hoya de la Madre de las Latas sequence, 309 rocks, 565 fossil record, 306-307 Pleistocene precursors, 561-567 lacustrineKonservat-Lagers fossiliferoustiitten deposits, 303 recharge, 561-562 lacustrine 311 Konservat-Lagerstiitten,
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location, 303 Mariental-Kalkrand highway main fault systems, 304 road section, 172 paleoenvironmental model, 310-311 sediment interlayer 173 II, paleogeographic domains, 304 Marine systems, lake systems and, 4 Pocillo del Pozuelo sequence, 306-309 Mata-Catu fault, 210-211 Rambla de las Cruces sequences, 303, 306 Matute Alloformation, 264, 268-270 sedimentary infilling, 306 deposition, 276 sedimentary record, 305 facies associations and average thicknesses, 271-273 sequences, 303, 306-309 Mawa Formation, 189, 192 stratigraphy and main characteristics, 303, 308 McCoy Brook Formation, 161-162 Late Cretaceous, Tertiary, and present-day lakes measured section, 163 (Mongolia) Scots Bay member, 163 facies details, 52-53 McKay Head, measured section, 163 tectonic overview, 51-52 Mehun-sur Yevre basin, geologic map and Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous lakes (Mongolia) stratigraphy, 391 facies arrangements, basinscale, 45 Metastable reaction monitoring (MRM), 145 facies details, 45-48 Minas subbasin, location, 160 tectonic overview, 43-44 Miravete fault Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous lakes (Mongolia) anticline, 298 biostratigraphic information, 48-49 stratigraphic sections, 297 fossil record, 48-49 Missao Velha Formation, 198 geochemical characterization, 49-51 lithologic column, 201 reservoir and cap rock properties, 51 Modern lakes, 12-13 Late Permian Playa lake deposits (Central Europe), Mongolia southern basin, 75-76 active faults, 53 Lava sequence, 167 alluvial systems, 54 LOU. Lower depositional unit carboniferous and permian lakes, 36-38 Lead mineralization,See 205 carboniferous source rock quality, 40 Lima Campos Basin, 200 coal beds, 42 first phase lacustrine sedimentation, 202 gas chromatograms, 41 lithologic columns, 202 gas potential coals, 51 Limestones geology known in western literature, 35 Beauce. Paris basin (Beauce limestones) hydrocarbon trapping styles, 52 BembridgeSee Formation, 369-370 key localities, 39 bivalve, 248 lacustrine sequences, 37, 42 brecciated, 445 lake basins, 35 El Bolage, 497 lakes during evolution, 35-56 formation, Upper Eocene Bembridge, 369-375 Late Cretaceous, Tertiary, and present-day lakes, 51-52 lacustrine, 343-347, 349-355, 419 Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous lakes and paleogeo- laminated, 445 graphic reconstruction, 43-51 La Nava, 497-498 Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins, 38 oncolitic, 265 Middle Jurassic-Quaternary basin distribution, 42 Son Verdera, 442-446 modern lake basins, 56 Torrente de Cinca, 407, 410 oil potential basins, 49-51 Touraine basin, 344, 346-347 Permian source rock quality, 40 types at COB, 392 plateaus of Neogene and quaternary flood basalts, 55 well-stratified, 445 plate tectonic context and principal plates, 35-36 Lithologies, typical examples, 7 source rock quality data, 50 Lorna de La Nava Limestone, 497-498 tectonostratigraphic framework, 35 Longshore currents, 104 Triassic, Early Jurassic, and Middle Jurassic lakes and Lower Barremian coastal lacustrine system, 279 sedimentation, 38-43 Lower depositional unit (LOU), 527 Triassic mountain chain, 38 Lower-Middle Jurassic source rock (Mongolia), 44 Triassic source rock quality, 43 Lucaogou Formation, 27, 127 Morrison Formation (Colorado) Luciano Mesa Member, 153 age, 181-182 waterbody depth, 154 carbonate microfacies, 185 Lukeino Formation diatoms, 468-469 depositional synthesis, 185-186 distribution of measured stratigraphic sections, 182 Maestrazgo domain subbasins, 260 lacustrine facies relationships, 186 Magana Alloformation, 267, 270 lacustrine sedimentology, 182-183 facies associations and average thicknesses, 271-273 microfacies, 182 Malhada Vermelha Basin, 200 paleontology, 183-185 first phase lacustrine sedimentation, 202 regional geologic setting, 181 Formation, 200-202 stratigraphic section, 183-184 lithologic columns, 202 Morro Pelado Member, 100, 103 Marginal terrigenous complex (MTC), 446 Mouthbar deposit variability, 138
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MRM. Metastable reaction monitoring stratigraphy, 266 MTC. SeeMarginal terrigenous complex Opencast coal mines MudflatSee deposits, 84 Talbulag, 48 Mudstones, clayey, 137 Tavantolgoi, 40 Tsagan Ovar, 43 Nahahum Canyon Member Ordos megabasin, 137 age, 361 Organic enrichment challenges, 21 delta-front deposits, 365 Organic matter, 18-19 implications, 365 autochthonous aquatic, 19 lacustrine-deltaic facies, 364 character variations, 27 lacustrine deposits, 363 destruction, 19 lake-basin deposits, 365 Organic production, 25 lithofacies, 361-362 Organic-rich shales (ORS), 136 Monitor section, 364 ORS. Organic-rich shales nomenclature, 361 OS. SeeOstracode assemblages stratigraphy, 361, 363 OstracodaSee (N. Patagonia) Namibia analyzed cores, 584, 586 continental margin, 100 area and material studies, 581-587 distribution of Karoo strata, 88 Lago Seco, 582 Doros Formation. Doros Formation Lago Trebol, 581 Gai-As Formation.See Gai-As Formation La Salina, 583, 587 Karoo flood basalts,See 167-168 localization and sample dates, 582-583 Kudu wells, 168, 178 Los Juncos, 582-583, 586 NGB. North German Basin Mallin Aguado, 582 NgororaSee Formation, 465-469 Maquinchao section, 585, 588 diatom assemblages and distribution, 468 methods, 587 Nilga Basin, 46 quaternary lacustrine, 581-588 lacustrine carbonates, 47 results, 587-588 lacustrine mudstones, 49 River Maquinchao section, 583-587 Nonmarine basin evolution, 46 Ostracode (OS) assemblages, 226 North American Stratigraphic Code, 263 Outcrops Northern Teruel Graben, Northern (Neogene) Aguil6n subbasin, 286 (NE Spain). Teruel Graben Bembridge, 370 North German BasinSee (NGB) CDB, 390 fossil record, 75 Flaming Mountain, 142, 148 Late Permian sediments, 76 Furnace Creek, 482 lithologic column of lacustrine and related Hiawatha, 5 deposits, 81 Junggar Basin, 124 sedimentology and facies associations, 76-84 Permian, 125 North Sea Lower Permian facies map, 68 Qiketai Formation, 142, 148 Nova America fault, 220 Salt Creek Hills, 483 San Lorenzo Cycle, 546 Oil potential, in Mongolian basins, 49-51 Trail Dugway, 5 Olho d' Agua Comprido Member, 198 Turpan-Hami Basin, 124 lithologic column, 201 Owens Lake, 591 Oliete subbasin (NE Spain) Parana Basin (South America) depositional sequences, 280-282 fill, 102 facies in Blesa depositional sequence, 283 fossil record, 97 geologic map, 280 geology, 97 lower Barremian coastal lacustrine system, 279 Paris Basin, Beauce limestones (France) Oligocene Brule Formation, 353 biomicrites, 418 Olorgesailie Formation (S. Kenya Rift Valley) breccio-conglomerates, 421 basin paleogeography and paleoenvironments, crusts and stromatolites, 421 557-559 disaggregational lithologies, 418-421 diatom distribution and variability, 556-558 geology, 417 facies distribution, 556-557 lithologic relationships, 422 location, 554 lithologies, 417-421 measured sections, 555 major geological boundaries, 418 mineralogy, 554-556 marly to cemented micrites and microsparites, paleolake phases, 559 417-418 Pleistocene spatial and temporal facies variations, matrix-supported authochthonous breccias, 418-419 553-559 Oligocene-Miocene, 417-422 sedimentary facies, 554 pedogenic lithologies, 421 stratigraphy, 554 peloidal micrites, 419-421 Omingonde successions, 89 reticular cracking, 418 Oncala Allogroup, 263-264, 269-274 rhizolithic micrites, 421
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tertiary stratigraphy, 419 Middle Jurassic, 141, 145, 147-149 Paris Basin (France), 389-394 outcrop, 142, 148 Mehun-sur Yevre Basin, 391 paleogeography, 147-152 Passa Dois Group, 103 rock-eval and thermal maturation, 147 isopach map, 97 subsurface, 142 Pediment ponds, 67-70 Taican-2 well, 145, 147, 150 Pendencia graben (Potiguar Basin), 203 Qilu Hu (China) tectonic details, 205 bathymetric maps, 620 Permian subsidence, rapid, 129 diatoms, 620 Ping Chau Formation, 329-330 environmental inferences, 620 exposed middle part, 333 late Pleistocene to present sediment records, 619-623 fossil record, 331 sediment core composition, 621 lithostratigraphy, 332 sediment core stratigraphy, 622 Ping Chau Island, location and geology, 331 Quiric6 platform, 222 Pingdinquan Formation, Upper Permian (China) boron and ballium concentrations, 119-120 carbonate rocks, 117-119 Rambla de las Cruces II sequence, 306 exposed, 112 fossil record, 310 facies, 115-1 17 logged section, 309 facies description and associations, 118 shallowing-upward sequence, 309 facies zonation, 119-120 Rambla de las Cruces I sequence, 303 fossils and paleoecology, 119 Reconcavo Basin (NE Brazil) glauconite occurrences, 119 axial sandstones, 216-217, 220 lacustrine deposits, 111 basic systems, 211 lithology, 115-117 Berriasian sandy strata, 209 measured lithologic sections, 114 Berriasian paleogeography, 221 paleoenvironment, 115-119 Berriasian turbidites, syn-rift, 214-220 paleolake subenvironments, 116 depositional characteristics, 214-218 reservoir properties, 119-120 depositional system synthesis, 218-220 sedimentology, 115-119 exploration stages, 210 sediments, 117 location, 210 sublacsutrine deltas, 120 log response, 216 trace elements, 119 petroleum systems, main, 213 Piramb6ia Formation, 103 regional setting, 209-211 Playa lakes, 70-73 sandstone isolith map of tdi II, 215 temporary deposits, 72-73 sedimentary structure types, 218 PNE. Ponte Naja Formation sedimentary thickness, 210 PocilloSee del Pozuelo sequence, 306-309 stratigraphic chart, 212 Ponds, alluvial fan and pediment, 6770 stratigraphic progression, vertical, 220-222 Ponta Grossa Arch, 100 structural architecture, 211 Ponte Naja Formation (PNE), 505, 507 subsidence areas, low, 221 Pool structure development, 175 tectonics, 222 Portlandian-Barremian phase, 197-203 transverse sandstones, 218-220 Potiguar Basin, 205 Reconcavo-Tucano-Jatoba rift, 209 Present-day lakes (Mongolia), 53-55 Regressive cycle, major, 83 Provence (Southern France) Rieti Basin (Central Apennines, Italy) Basin, 317-321 Case Strinati Lake, 530-531 continental deposits, 318 Early Pleistocene, 533 depositional environment, 382 fossil record, 534 lacustrine Oligocene basins, 381-386 geologic scheme, 529 Oligocene exposures, 382-384 geologic setting and evolution, 527-530 sedimentary pattern through time, 385 Holocene lakes, 533-534 stratigraphic framework of basin, 317 Late Pleistocene-Holocene, 533 upper Cretaceous and Early Paleocene lacustrine location, 528 episodes, 317-321 northern sector lithologic logs, 530-531 Pseudomicrokarst features, 182 Pliocene-Pleistocene tectono-sedimentary Pyrenean range lithofacies, 398 evolution, 530 Pyrolysis analysis, 446 Southern Lake (Holocene), 532 Rift basins gravity-driven, 220 Qigu Formation, 152 hydrocarbon exploration, 209 Qiketai Formation margin and drainage zone associations, 209 borehole core intervals, 151 nonmarine vertical succession, 209 depositional facies, 146 Rift lake environment types, 225 facies analysis, 147-152 Rift sequences (Mongolia), 45 Mi-l and Ling-7 wells, 147 Rio da Serra-Aratu (NeocomianBarremian) age, 199
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Rio do Peixe Basin, 200-202 fossil record, 538 deepest portion, 204 lacustrine deposits, 536-539 first phase lake sedimentation, 203 lacustrine deposits, floodplain, 539 Rio do Rasto Formation lake and crevasse splay deposit alternations, 540 fossil record, 99-100 lake deposits and paleosol alternations, 541 lithologic logs, 98 lithofacies and lake evolution relationships, 539 subdivisions, 99 stratigraphic section, 537 trans-Atlantic correlation with Gai-As, 90-93 Santana Formation, 205 transition from marine irati to lacustrine, 96-99 Sant' Arcangelo Basin (S. Italy) Rio Piranhas Formation, 200 early Pleistocene, 549 Rocks fossil record, 548 cap, 51 geologic setting, 543-544 carbonate, 117-119 late evolutionary stages, 543-549 carboniferous, 40 location, 544 Holocene, 565 main structural elements, 544 Jurassic, 44 San Lorenzo Cycle, 544-548 Jurassic-Cretaceous, 51 sequences, 543-544 lacustrine, 17, 470 stratigraphic details and units, 545 Oligocene-Miocene, 397, 409-410 Santash Formation, 62 organic-rich deposition, 17-21 Saynshand sequence, 52 organic-rich development, 24 Scotland southern basins, 68 Pleistocene, 565 Scots Bay member, 163-164 record importance, 28 Searles Lake (California), 591-594 Triassic, 43 chemical sedimentation, 592 volcanic, 565 history, reconstructed, 594 Rognacian Vitrollian series, 319 lacustrine sediment location, 591 Rotliegendes lithologies and ages of dated horizons, 593 deposition, 75 location, 592 sedimentary succession, 79-80 tufa terraces, 592 Southern Europe, 78 Sediments Southern Scotland, 67 exits (Mongolia), 53 spectral analysis of logs, 83 input, clastic, 20 stratigraphic column of succession, 77 interlayers, volcanic and hydrothermal interaction, 175-177 Salta group Sequence-stratigraphic-geochemical framework, 3 depocenters, main, 325 Sergi-Agua Grande system, 211 distribution, 324-325 Serrinha Member, 99, 103 lacustrine facies in upper Cretaceous, 323-327 Shales, organicrich, 136 subgroups, 323 Shandong Province, Shanwang Basin. Shanwang Salt Creek Hills Basin (Miocene) See Central Death Valley basin, 486 Shanshui Basin, 332 lacustrine facies, 486 Shanwang Basin (Miocene) (Shandong Province, Eastern outcrops, 483 China) Salt Wells Valley, 592 geological setting, 473 Salvador Formation, 217, 220 Shan wang Formation. Shanwang Formation Sandflat facies aridity, 84 Shanwang Formation See Sandstones fossil biota, 476 axial, 220 lacustrine deposits, 473-474 current-ripple-laminated, 134 location, 474 deformed and wave-reworked, 135-136 paleobiota in lacustrine deposits, 474-476 San Lorenzo Cycle stratigraphic sequence of basin, 475 lacustrine middle unit, 545-548 Siltstones lithostratigraphic successions, 547 interbedded fine-grained, 134-135 outcrop pattern of deposits, 546 laminated, 134 sequence C, 544-545 SMCF. Santa Maria di Ciciliano formation San Rafael Group, regional correlation, 156-157 SongliaoSee Basin, 44 Santa Margalida Basin (Mallorca), 442 Son Verdera limestone unit chronostratigraphic sketch of postorogenic facies assemblage, lacustrine and palustrine, 442-445 Neogene, 443 facies, coaly, 444-445 geologic setting, 441-442 limestones, brecciated, laminated, and stratified, lithostratigraphic correlation among logs, 444 443, 445 Son Verdera limestone unit, 442-446 log, 447 Santa Maria di Ciciliano Formation (SMCF), 505 marginal terrigenous complex, 446 alluvial plain depositional system, 538 marls, 442, 444 depositional and paleogeographic reconstruction, organic matter, 445-446 535-536 paleobiologic content, 445
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sequential organization and paleogeography, 446-447 Teruel Graben, Neogene (Southern Spain) siltstones, organic matter-bearing, 442-443 basin-fill sequence, 497-502 Sousa Formation, 200 Cascante-Ademuz zone, 494-502 depositional history, 203 evolution of lake systems, 502-503 lithologic column, 204 facies distribution, 498 South Atlantic rift, 102 lacustrine deposits, lithologic columns of, 501 Southern Permian basin (SPB) (Central Europe), 76 lacustrine systems, 497-503 Southwestern Iberian domain, 258, 260 sequence in Libras area, 499 SPB. Southern Permian basin Thornhill Basin, 67 Stigliano-RotondellaSee ridge, 544, 549 environments, 72 Stratal packages, 7 fan toe pond and lake deposits, 70 Stratification, chemical and thermal, 20 pediment, 69-70 Sulmona Basin (Central Apennines, Italy) Tiberino Basin (Umbria, Central Italy) facies association, Fiorata, 521-523 exposed Pleistocene deposits, 536 facies association, Gagliano, 521 facies association, lithologic column of, 508 facies association, Pratola Peligna, 523-524 formation locations, 536 geographic and geologic setting, 517-519 formations, 535-541 lacustrine and palustrine deposits, 522 formations, lithostratigraphic, 505, 507 middle Pleistocene distribution of facies lacustrine depositional system, 505-511 associations, 523 location, 506 middle Pleistocene isotopic analyses of carbonate, 521 paleoenvironmental reconstruction, 511-512 Pleistocene lacustrine deposits, 518-521 paleogeographic reconstruction, 512 Pleistocene sedimentary sequences, 520 pre-Pliocene substratum, 507 tectonic framework, 518 southwestern branch, 507 tectonic-sedimentary evolution, 524 synthetic stratigraphic framework, 508 Sundance Formation (Wyoming), 155 tectonic-sedimentation relationship, 511-512 Szemes Basin evolution, 613 Tien Shan ranges, Quaternary orogeny, 63 Sziglieget-Basin evolution, 612 Tithonian-Berriasian time, 263 TOC. Total organic carbon Taboca, 205 TodiltoSee Formation Taihang Mountains Formation, 192 location and distribution of members, 154 Tamsag Basin, 44, 51 regional correlation, 156-157 Tancheng-Lujiang fault system, 474 stratigraphy and paleontology, 154 Tanzhuang Formation, 189 waterbody depth, 154 facies assemblage, 136 Todilto Salina Basin (SW U.S.) facies associations, 133-137 fossil record, 155 fossil record, 133-134, 136 paleontology, age, and correlation, 154-155 mouthbar deposit variability, 138 Salina deposition, 155 regional setting, 133 stratigraphy, 153 sediment facies, 133-137 tectonics and sedimentation, 153-154 vertical distribution, 137 Tonque Arroyo Member, 153 Taodonggou Group, 129 Torrente de Cinca unit Tarlong Formation, 129 lacustrine area, cross-section of, 413 tdi. Tectonic-depositional interval lacustrine sedimentary sequences, 412 Tectonic-depositionalSee interval (tdi), 214 limestones, 407, 410 sand occurrence analysis, 215 lutites and marls, 411 Tecto-sedimentary units (TSU), 395, 401 megasequential arrangement, 412-413 Tera Allogroup, 263-269 paleogeographic sketches, 414 stratigraphy, 266 sedimentary sequences, 411-412 Teresina Formation, 99, 103 sedimentologic features, main, 411 Terminology, 10 Total organic carbon (TOC), 21 Teruel graben, Neogene (NE Spain) Touraine Basin (France) alluvial deposits, 492-494 geochemistry, 343-344 facies interpretation, 491-494 limestone fossils, 347 lake system evolution, 496 limestone types, 344 lithofacies associations, 491-494 paleoenvironment of Eocene lacustrine limestone, 346 lithostratigraphic logs, 493 stratigraphy and sedimentology, 343 lithostratigraphy, 491-492 Trail Dugway outcrop, 5 measured logs, 495 Transgressive condition initiation, 83 northern part of basin, 492 Triassic and Jurassic lakes (Mongolia), 38-43 paleosols, 493 Triassic, Early Jurassic, and Middle Jurassic lakes palustrine carbonate occurrences, 494 (Mongolia) schematic map, 492 biostratigraphic information, 43 sedimentary record, 494 facies details, 40-42 shallow lake sedimentation, 495 geochemical characterization, 43 shallow lake systems, 494 Tsagansab sequence (Mongolia), 45
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reservoir potential, 51 Washakie Basin (Wyoming), 4-5 TSU. Tecto-sedimentary units Water See Tugen Hills-Baringo District (Central Kenya Rift) chemistry, 18 Chemeron Formation, 468-470 depth, 10 eastward migration of main depositions, 466 Wetting-upward minor cycles, 82 fossil diatom floras, 470 Whitehill Formation (South Africa), 88 geology, 465 Whitehill/Irati Formation, 103 lacustrine rocks, 470 White River Group (Nebraska and S. Dakota), Lukeino Formation, 468-469 stratigraphy, 351 morphostructural elements, 466 Wolfville Formation, 159-160 Ngorora Formation, 465-469 Wulapo Formation, 127 paleogeographic evolution, 470 sedimentary formations, major, 466 Xierxitu Formation, 128 stratigraphic column, 467 Lower Permian, 125 Turbidites, syn-rift Berriasian sublacustrine, 214 Xingyun Hu (China) Turpan-Hami Basin (NW China) bathymetric maps, 620 basinwide unconformities, 145 environmental inferences, 620 depositional facies for Middle Jurassic Qiketai Late Pleistocene to present sediment records, 619-623 Formation, 146 sediment core composition, 621 distribution of Permian outcrops, 124 sediment core stratigraphy, 623 geologic setting, 141-142 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (NW China), 123 intermontane position, 143 lacustrine mudstones, 127 Yacoraite Formation, 323-324 Permian deposits, 123 distribution and main depocenters, 325 Permian units, 127 fossil assemblage contents, 326 stratigraphy and sedimentology, 142-147 lacustrine assemblage, nearshore, 325-326 at Tian Shan Xiang, 125 lacustrine assemblage, open, 326-327 time-slice geologic map, 144 lacustrine deposition within basin, 327 Twyfelfontein Formation, 88 lacustrine shoreline association, 324-325 fault, 99 lithology, sedimentary features, fossils, and interpre tations, 326 oncolites recognized, 325 UKB. Upper Kizilirmak Basin (Tiirikye) See sedimentary facies, 324-327 United States (Southwest). Death Valley See Yangshuzhuang Formation, 189, 192 Callovian paleogeography, 158also deltaic facies, 190 lacustrine deposits, 426 Yellow River fault, 189 lake deposits associated with volcanoes, 430 Yeni<;ubuk Formation (Lower-Middle-Miocene), 449-461 paleoclimatic and tectonic implications, 434-435 deposition phases, 460 upper Eocene and Oligocene lake deposits, 433-434 facies descriptions and interpretation, 458-459 Upper Kizilirmak Basin (UKB) (Tiirikye) lithologic columns of Tatili and lower Kizilsardag alluvial systems, 449-454 members, 452-453 facies associations, 449-460 sequence, 455-457 facies descriptions and interpretation, 458-459 succession, 452-453 location, 450 Yunnan Province (China) paleogeographic evolution, 460-461 late Pleistocene to present sediment records, sedimentology, 449 619-623 stratigraphic relations, 451 paleoecological studies, 619 Uvs Nurr (Mongolia), 54 palynological studies, 619-620 water-column nutrient analyses, 619 Valdeprado Alloformation, 269, 270 Zaysan Basin (Eastern Kazakhstan) description, 273-274 depositional systems, 338-339 facies associations and average thicknesses, 271-273 deposition cycles, 339 Valdeprado alloformation deposition, 276 fossil groups, 338 Verbrandeberg area, marginal facies, 94, 96 geologic map, 336 Villanueva de Huerva Formation lithostratigraphy, 335-337 facies distribution, 285-288 paleontology, 337-338 facies, principal, 290 stratigraphic schemes, 337 facies, vertical distribution of main, 291 Zinc sulfide mineralization, 205 isopach map, 287 Zircon radiometric dating, 90
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