Centro De Energia Nuclear Na Agricultura Ecologi

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Centro De Energia Nuclear Na Agricultura Ecologi 0 Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura Ecologia trófica, funcional e isotópica de mamíferos terrestres da Mata Atlântica Marcelo Magioli Tese apresentada para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Ecologia Aplicada Piracicaba 2018 1 Marcelo Magioli Licenciado e Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas Ecologia trófica, funcional e isotópica de mamíferos terrestres da Mata Atlântica Orientadora: Profª. Drª. KATIA MARIA PASCHOALETTO MICCHI DE BARROS FERRAZ Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. MARCELO ZACHARIAS MOREIRA Tese apresentada para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Ecologia Aplicada Piracicaba 2018 2 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação DIVISÃO DE BIBLIOTECA – DIBD/ESALQ/USP Magioli, Marcelo Ecologia trófica, funcional e isotópica de mamíferos terrestres da Mata Atlântica / Marcelo Magioli. - - Piracicaba, 2018. 196 p. Tese (Doutorado) - - USP / Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”. Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura. 1. Mamíferos 2. Funções tróficas 3. Isótopos estáveis 4. Dieta I. Título 3 AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus por estar comigo durante toda essa longa caminhada, me mostrando que não existem eventos ao acaso, e que tudo se encaixa no seu devido tempo. A minha orientadora e amiga Profª Katia M. P. M. B. Ferraz, por ter confiado e acreditado em mim desde o início, a uns 8 anos atrás, quando diversas portas se fecharam. Agradeço por ser uma entusiasta dos trabalhos que desenvolvemos juntos, algo que me motivou muito todo esse tempo. Te agradeço pela parceria e amizade nesses anos, e espero que possamos mantê-la por muitos outros ainda. Agradeço pelas oportunidades, indicações e experiências proporcionadas nessa caminhada na ciência! Ao meu co-orientador e amigo Profº Marcelo Z. Moreira, meu mentor nos isótopos estáveis. Agradeço pela paciência, ensinamentos, apoio e amizade ao longo desses anos, e por tudo que conseguimos desenvolver. Felizmente, ainda temos muitos projetos para trabalhar juntos e perpetuar essa ótima parceira e amizade! Ao Profº Milton C. Ribeiro pela parceria de longa data, amizade, conversas agradáveis e pelo que desenvolvemos juntos. Mais uma vez, sua ajuda e apoio foram fundamentais para o desenvolvimento dessa tese. Valeu! Aos membros do meu comitê de acompanhamento: Dr. Ronaldo G. Morato, que além de um amigo, foi sempre um incentivador do meu trabalho; Profº Alexandre R. Percequillo, pelos ensinamentos, aulas e ajuda na identificação dos roedores, além dos trabalhos que desenvolvemos juntos! I thank Dr. Otso Ovaskainen for all the help with the analysis of the functional effectiveness, for the patience, and supporting tons of e-mails I sent you. Thank you! A Profª Renata C. Fonseca por compartilhar material biológico que contribuiu muito para elaboração dessa tese! Aos Profs Adriano G. Chiarello, Adriano P. Paglia, Eleonore Z. F. Setz, Mauro Galetti e Renata Pardini pela colaboração no capítulo da efetividade funcional. Ao meu amigo/irmão Alex Bovo pela amizade todos esses anos, conversas, ajudas durante as estadias em Piracicaba, entrega de documentos, campos, revisão de artigos e capítulos sem fim, e uma porrada de outras coisas que com certeza não vou lembrar. Pela parceria que formamos e finalmente publicamos trabalhos juntos! Valeu! Ao amigo Vinicius Alberici pela amizade, conversas, ajudas com SIG, campos, leitura de artigos e capítulos, e mais uma vez, uma porrada de outras coisas que não vou lembrar. Valeu! Aos amigos Alex, Vinícius, Letícia, Fernanda, Gambá, Camylla, Bruna, Marie, Martin, Gabriel, Leandro, André, Amanda, João, Thais, Beatriz e Katia pela ajuda nas coletas de campo! 4 A Gabriel L. Urbano, Lucas D. Romano, Leandro P. Silva, Bruna Lopes, Bruna Pacheco, João Vitor Z. Magioli, Letícia Munhoes e Gustavo Morato por toda a ajuda na triagem das amostras! Agradeço aos amigos do LEMaC, Carol, Ana, Eduardo, Beatriz, Jake, Silvio, Yuri, Roberta, Mariana, Daiane, Vanessa e Henrique pelas conversas, discussões sobre ciência, amizade e cafezinhos no laboratório! Aos amigos do LMQ por todos os anos que fiquei instalado ai! Em especial ao Jefferson L. Polizel pela amizade, conversas e a imensa ajuda com a parte de SIG, que foi fundamental para o desenvolvimento dessa tese. Obrigado! Agradeço imensamente a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa no Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) pela bolsa de doutorado (#2014/10192-7), que me permitiu desenvolver essa tese a contento. Me possibilitou participar de congressos internacionais e nacionais divulgando os resultados desse trabalho, e gerando um enorme enriquecimento profissional e pessoal. Obrigado! A Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela bolsa nos nove primeiros meses desse doutorado! À FAPESP pelo financiamento do projeto “Ecologia trófica, diversidade funcional e ocorrência de mamíferos terrestres na Mata Atlântica” (#2014/09300-0). À Fundação Grupo Boticário de Proteação a Natureza pelo financiamento do projeto “Ecologia e conservação de felinos no bioma Mata Atlântica” (#201410014). A Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Ecologia Aplicada pelo suporte durante o doutorado. Em especial a Mara, por toda ajuda com os trâmites da pós-graduação! Aos amigos Daniel Franco, Daniel Ferreira, Pedro, Breno, Kurt e Coreano pela amizade de longa data, conversas oportunas e churrascos. Obrigado! A minha família: minha mãe Marilene, eterna apoiadora do meu trabalho e carreira! A minha irmã Paula, pelas conversas, e pelo meu sobrinho/afilhado Mateus, obrigado! Aos meus avós Iris e João por todo carinho, ajuda, almoços de domingo, e muitas outras coisas. Amo vocês! Aos meus filhos, as melhores coisas que já fiz nessa vida! O mais velho, João Vitor, que acompanha essa minha caminhada desde o começo, e suportou os percalços de minha ausência por diversas vezes. E não é que se tornou um ótimo rapaz! A mais nova, Sofia, que deu um novo sentido e brilho para a minha vida, me fazendo enxergar e sentir coisas que nunca havia imaginado! Amo vocês! Por fim, à minha esposa, companheira, melhor amiga e apoiadora Larissa, por se esforçar tanto a entender as longas e longas horas em campo e na frente do computador. Por me sustentar nos momentos difíceis e comemorar comigo as vitórias. Te agradeço pela nossa ‘parceria’ ao longo desses quase 10 anos juntos, e pelo nosso primeiro ‘artigo’ publicado juntos, a Sofia! Te amo! 5 SUMÁRIO RESUMO .................................................................................................................................. 7 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. 8 1. INTRODUÇÃO ..................................................................................................................... 9 Referências ....................................................................................................................... 11 ARTIGO 1 - SUBSTITUIÇÃO DO PREDADOR DE TOPO EM UMA FLORESTA TROPICAL DEFAUNADA DO ANTROPOCENO ............................................................... 15 Resumo ............................................................................................................................. 15 Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 15 Introdução ......................................................................................................................... 16 Material e métodos ........................................................................................................... 18 Área de estudo ........................................................................................................... 18 Coleta das amostras fecais ......................................................................................... 20 Triagem e identificação das amostras fecais ............................................................ 20 Análise de dados ........................................................................................................ 21 Resultados ........................................................................................................................ 22 Discussão .......................................................................................................................... 25 Dieta de Puma concolor .............................................................................................. 26 Puma concolor x Panthera onca ................................................................................. 29 Conclusões ........................................................................................................................ 30 Referências ....................................................................................................................... 30 ARTIGO 2 - MUDANÇAS PERVASIVAS NO USO DOS RECURSOS, HABITAT E ESTRUTURA TRÓFICA DE ASSEMBLEIAS DE MAMÍFEROS EM UM HOTSPOT DE BIODIVERSIDADE ............................................................................................................... 39 Resumo ............................................................................................................................. 39 Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 40 Introdução ........................................................................................................................
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