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Of Phu Phanang Biodiversity Conservation Area, Lao People' THESIS BEETLE FAMILIES (ORDER: COLEOPTERA) OF PHU PHANANG BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AREA, LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC SEEPHAI SOUKSAVAT GRADUATE SCHOOL, KASETSART UNIVERSITY Academic Year 2018 THESIS APPROVAL GRADUATE SCHOOL, KASETSART UNIVERSITY DEGREE: Master of Science (Entomology) MAJOR FIELD: Entomology DEPARTMENT: Entomology TITLE: Beetle Families (Order: Coleoptera) of Phu Phanang Biodiversity Conservation Area, Lao People's Democratic Republic NAME: MISS SEEPHAI SOUKSAVAT THIS THESIS HAS BEEN ACCEPTED BY THESIS ADVISOR (Associate Professor Nantasak Pinkaew, Ph.D.) THESIS CO-ADVISOR (Assistant Professor Suksawat Ponpinij, Ph.D.) DEPARTMENT HEAD (Assistant Professor Roungthip Masmeatathip, Ph.D.) APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE SCHOOL ON DEAN (Associate Professor Somwang Khantayanuwong, Ph.D.) THESIS BEETLE FAMILIES (ORDER: COLEOPTERA) OF PHU PHANANG BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AREA, LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC SEEPHAI SOUKSAVAT A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Entomology) Graduate School, Kasetsart University Academic Year 2018 C ABSTRACT SEEPHAI SOUKSAVAT : Beetle Families (Order: Coleoptera) of Phu Phanang Biodiversity Conservation Area, Lao People's Democratic Republic. Master of Science (Entomology), Major Field: Entomology, Department of Entomology. Thesis Advisor: Associate Professor Nantasak Pinkaew, Ph.D. Academic Year 2018 The survey of coleopterans was conducted in Phu Phanang Biodiversity Conservation Area, middle region of Laos, two times in December 2017 and June 2018. This research was aimed to survey and identify of coleopterans to family level. Specimens were collected with window trap and pitfall trap. Both kind of traps were set in two different habitats, teak plantation and disturbed natural forest (which Lagerstroemia sp. is dominant tree). Twelve window traps and 36 pitfall traps were set in each location. The study resulted in collection of 3,691 beetle specimens. They were identified to 38 families 194 morphospecies as follows: Subordr adephaga compose Rhysodidae, Carabidae, Paussidae, Cicindelidae and Dytiscidae. Suborder polyphaga compose Histeridae, Silphidae, Staphylinidae, Scirtidae, Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, Lycidae, Derodontidae, Bostrichidae, Lymexylidae, Cleridae, Nitidulidae, Silvanidae, Laemophloeidae, Phalacridae, Endomychidae, Coccinellidae, Latridiidae, Mycetophagidae, Mordellidae, Tenebrionidae, Alleculidae, Salpingidae, Anthicidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Hispidae, Bruchidae, Anthribidae, Curculionidae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae and Monotomidae. Number of 973 specimens were found in dry season and 2,718 specimens in rainy season. Seven families were found in rainy season less than dry season (10 families) and 21 families were found in both seasons. Differentiation of family number based on kind of trap present as 12 families were captured with window traps more than pitfall traps (3 families) and 23 families were captured in both kinds of trap. For the number of beetle family based on habitat type showed 6 families were found in teak plantation less than in secondary forest (14 families) and 18 families were found in both habitats. Illustrations and the key to family of beetles in Phu Phanang Biodiversity Conservation Area are provided. _________________ _______________________________ ____ / ____ / ____ Student's signature Thesis Advisor's signature D ACKNOWLEDGEM ENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Associate Professor Nantasak Pinkaew and Assistant Professor Suksawat Ponpinij for providing invaluable guidance, comments and suggestions throughout my thesis study. I would like to thank the staffs of the Department of Entomology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, who helped me accurate identification insect species and provided some laboratory facilities. This research was supported in part by "Improving Knowledge and Understanding of the Coleopteran Biodiversity in Laos Project". I would like to thanks Dr. Dirk Babendreier and Dr. Phoutthasone Sibounnavong support scholarship this studies. I thank the staffs of the Department of Plant Protection Unit, Faculty of Agriculture, National University, especially Mr. Bounsanong Chouangthavy, Phonepadith Phewphanh and Souphaphone Rattanalasy for support during collecting trips to Phou Pha Nang National Biodiversity Conservation Area. Finally, I would like to express my special appreciation to my family and all of my friends for their supports and continued encouragements throughout this research study. SEEPHAI SOUKSAVAT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. C ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... D TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... E LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... F LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. G INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................... 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................. 19 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .............................................................................. 25 LITERATURE CITED .......................................................................................... 139 CURRICULUM VITAE ........................................................................................ 147 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1 List of coleopterous families in Phu Phanang Biodiversity Conservation Area and number of morphospecies in each family based on seasons, habitats and kind of traps. ....................................................................................................................... 25 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 General structure of Coleoptera. .................................................................. 4 Figure 2 Head structure of beetle. .............................................................................. 5 Figure 3 Abdominal sternum of suborder Adephaga. ................................................. 8 Figure 4 Abdominal sternum of suborder Polyphaga. ............................................... 11 Figure 5 Life cycle of beetle. ................................................................................... 11 Figure 6 Map of Phu Phanang in Laos ..................................................................... 17 Figure 7 Map of Phu Phanang Biodiversity Conservation Area in Vientiane ............ 18 Figure 8 Teak plantation sites .................................................................................. 21 Figure 9 Disturbed natural forest sites ...................................................................... 21 Figure 10 Collecting sites. ....................................................................................... 22 Figure 11 Collecting traps. ....................................................................................... 22 Figure 12 Preserving of specimen. ........................................................................... 24 Figure 13 Photographic equipment, Leica S8 AP stereomicroscope equipped with Leica MC170 HD. ................................................................................................... 24 Figure 14 Comparison of families number based on season. .................................... 28 Figure 15 Comparison of families number based on kind of trap. ............................. 28 Figure 16 Comparison of families number based on habitat. .................................... 29 Figure 17 Adult of coleopterous families (dorsal, lateral, ventral). 17A. Alleculidae sp.1. 17B. Alleculidae sp.2. 17C. Anthribidae sp.1. 17D. Anthribidae sp.2. 17E. Anthribidae sp.3. ..................................................................................................... 99 Figure 18 Adult of coleopterous families (dorsal, lateral, ventral). 18A. Anthribidae sp.4. 18B. Anthicidae sp.1. 18C. Anthicidae sp.2. 18D. Bruchidae sp.1. 18E. Bruchidae sp.2. ...................................................................................................... 100 Figure 19 Adult of coleopterous families (dorsal, lateral, ventral). 19A Scolytidae sp.1. 19B. Scolytidae sp.2. 19C. Scolytidae sp.3. 19D. Scolytidae sp.4. 19E. Scolytidae sp.5. ..................................................................................................... 101 H Figure 20 Adult of coleopterous families (dorsal, lateral, ventral). 20A. Scolytidae sp.6. 20B. Scolytidae sp.7. 20C. Scolytidae sp.8. 20D. Scolytidae sp.9. 20E. Scolytidae sp.10..................................................................................................... 102 Figure 21 Adult of coleopterous families (dorsal, lateral, ventral). 21A Scolytidae sp.11. 21B. Scolytidae sp.12. 21C. Scolytidae sp.13. 2D. Scolytidae sp.14. 21E. Scolytidae sp.15..................................................................................................... 103 Figure 22 Adult of coleopterous
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