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Home , Han (state)

3.30 t ~ CLASSICAL EMPIRES EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

Ch'in and Dynasties in China 256 BCE-220 CE

DYNASTIESIPERIOD BCE EVENTS 403-221 BCE 300 256 Ch'in emerges as most powerful of Warring States. . 11 Ch'in kills last Chou king, Nan 246 Cheng becomes king of Ch'in 230-221 Ch'in defeats all other Warring States ft 256-206 BCE . Ch'in 221 Ch'in king Cheng names himself Shih Tt, "first supreme (universal) emperor" over first unified, ft 202 BCE-220 CE centralized Chinese state. Currency, script, and weights . Han and measures standardized 220-214 Construction of to link 9-23 CE existing fortifications to keep out nomads Hsin rule over Han China I 12~ 214 Ch'in China reaches greatest extent 200 213 "Burning of the Books": Shih Huang Ti has all literature he considers subversive destroyed 210 Shih Huang Ti dies. Erh Shih, last Ch'in emperor, succeeds him and rules to 206. Erh Shih, a harsh ruler, kills capable ministers. His tyrannical rule results in widespread uprisings and civil war 150 206 Liu Pang, rebel general, defeats last Ch'in emperor Erh Shih. Ch'in Empire disintegrates into small states; Liu Pang rules state of Han 202 Liu Pang, later known as Emperor Kao Tsu, declares himself Chinese emperor, founds (Western or 100 former) and rules to 195. Capital estab- lished at Ch'ang-an 179-157 Reign of Western Han emperor Liu Heng, later known as Wen Ti, considered an ideal Confucian ruler (upright and accountable to other statesmen). Han China peaceful and prosperous 50 140 Confucianism (system or code of ethics) adopted as orthodox ideology of state 140-87 Reign of Ti, longest reigning Western Han emperor. Han China battles against nomadic Hsiung-nu . CE and expands into central Asia 138-126 Chang Chien, Han diplomatic envoy, travels in central Asia; his reports lead to establishment of trade route known as Silk Road I 32-7 BCE During rule of succession of young, weak Western Han emperors, Wang family grows powerful 1-9 CEWang Mang rules as regent for two infant Han 50 emperors, Ping Ti (1-6 CE) and -Tzu (6-9 CE) 9 Wang Mang seizes power, proclaims himself emperor, and establishes Hsin dynasty 23 Uprisings throughout China. Wang Mang killed in palace by rebels: Hsin dynasty ends. City of Ch'ang-an destroyed. China descends into civil war, fought 100 between numerous factions (to 36) 25 Liu Hsiu, member of Han dynasty later known as Emperor Kuang Wu Ti, restores (Eastern or latter) Han dynasty and rules to 57. Capital established at what is now Loyang A soldier of the ''terra-cotta ." 36 Han China finally pacified and reunified Hundreds of these were buried in the 150 58-88 Eastern Han China at its most powerful, during tomb of the Ch'in emperor Shih Huang reigns of Ming Ti (58-76) and Chang Ti (76-88). China Ti (reigned 221-210 BCE) to protect him expands into central Asia and fights Hsiung-nu in the afterlife. 184 "Yellow Turbans," Taoist sect, revolts in north. Successfully put down by Han general Tsao T'sao, 200 who later rebels against Han dynasty himself 189-220 Reign of last Eastern Han emperor Hsien Ti. Struggles between court factions lead to loss of central control; widespread uprisings result 220 Last Eastern Han emperor Hsien Ti abdicates. Han China splits into three kingdoms between 220 and 222 . . Period dominated by another dynasty 250

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