SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 SA YEARBOOK 2008/09FOREIGN FOREIGN RELATIONS RELATIONS
The Department of Foreign Affairs formulates, co-ordinates, implements and manages South Africa’s foreign-policy and international relations programmes throughout the world.
242 SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 FOREIGN RELATIONS 10
These are guided by a commitment to promoting: )T REPLACED THE /RGANISATION OF !FRICAN 5NITY /!5 s HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY WHICH WAS ESTABLISHED ON -AY IN !DDIS s JUSTICE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW !BABA %THIOPIA 4HE !5S OBJECTIVES INCLUDE s INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND INTERNATIONALLY AGREED s ACHIEVING GREATER UNITY AND SOLIDARITY BETWEEN mechanisms for resolving conflicts African countries and the peoples of Africa s !FRICA IN WORLD AFFAIRS s DEFENDING THE SOVEREIGNTY TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY s ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH REGIONAL AND and independence of its member states international co-operation. s ACCELERATING THE POLITICAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC The department continues to implement its integration of the continent strategic priorities in line with government’s s ENCOURAGING INTERNATIONAL CO OPERATION FOREIGN POLICY OBJECTIVES OUTLINED IN THE s PROMOTING PEACE SECURITY AND STABILITY ON THE programme of the International Relations, Peace continent and Security Cluster. s PROMOTING DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES AND INSTITU- tions, popular participation and good govern- South Africa and Africa ance South Africa’s development is inextricably linked s PROMOTING AND PROTECTING PEOPLES RIGHTS to the development of Africa and the southern s ESTABLISHING THE NECESSARY CONDITIONS TO ENABLE African region. the continent to play its rightful role in the global Africa faces the challenge of positioning itself economy and in international negotiations to address the marginalisation of the continent by s PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT ECO engaging global role-players on socio-economic nomic, social and cultural level, and integrating DEVELOPMENT AND FACILITATING A FAIR AND JUST GLOBAL African economies order. s PROMOTING CO OPERATION IN ALL lELDS OF HUMAN activity to raise living standards African Union (AU) s PROMOTING RESEARCH IN ALL lELDS The AU is Africa’s premier institution and principal s ERADICATING PREVENTABLE DISEASES AND PROMO organisation for the promotion of the continent’s ting good health on the continent. accelerated socio-economic integration, which The AU has made notable progress towards the will lead to greater unity and solidarity between political and economic integration of the conti- African countries and peoples. South Africa was nent: instrumental in establishing the AU and its organs, s THE PERMANENT HOME OF THE 0!0 WILL BE namely the: COMPLETED IN s !SSEMBLY s THE !5 HAS DEVELOPED THE 03# WHICH IS RESPON- s %XECUTIVE #OUNCIL sible for the resolution of conflicts, peacekeep- s SPECIALISED TECHNICAL COMMITTEES ING AND POST CONmICT RECONSTRUCTION IN CONJUNC- s lNANCIAL INSTITUTIONS TION WITH THE 5NITED .ATIONS 5. s 0ERMANENT 2EPRESENTATIVES #OMMITTEE 02# s A COMMON DEFENCE POLICY HAS BEEN ADOPTED s 0EACE AND 3ECURITY #OUNCIL 03# which includes the Standby Force, with a s 0AN !FRICAN 0ARLIAMENT 0!0 NUCLEUS OF lVE BRIGADES ONE FROM EACH REGION s %CONOMIC 3OCIAL AND #ULTURAL #OUNCIL %COSOCC s THE (UMAN AND 0EOPLES 2IGHTS #OURT HAS BEEN s #OURT OF *USTICE ESTABLISHED WITH *UDGE "ERNARD .GOEPE AS ONE s !FRICAN #OURT ON (UMAN AND 0EOPLES 2IGHTS OF THE lRST JUDGES s !FRICAN #OMMISSION ON (UMAN AND 0EOPLES s THE 0ROTOCOL ON THE 2IGHTS OF 7OMEN IN !FRICA Rights. AND THE $ECLARATION ON 'ENDER %QUALITY IS BEING 4HE lNANCIAL INSTITUTIONS NAMELY THE !FRICAN implemented Monetary Fund, African Central Bank and African s THE 0ROTOCOL ON THE #OURT OF *USTICE IS #OURT OF *USTICE STILL HAVE TO BE OPERATIONALISED underway 4HE MEMBER !5 WAS OFlCIALLY LAUNCHED IN The eight existing regional economic communities $URBAN ON *ULY FOLLOWING ITS INAUGURAL 2%#S WHICH INCLUDE THE 3OUTHERN !FRICAN $EVEL- summit. OPMENT #OMMUNITY 3!$# AND THE %CONOMIC
243 #OMMUNITY OF 7EST !FRICAN 3TATES %COWAS HAVE New Partnership for Africa’s begun to determine time lines to achieve free trade Development (Nepad) agreements and customs unions. South Africa, in collaboration with key African countries, has been at the forefront in devel- Promoting peace, security and oping Nepad as Africa’s premier development stability on the continent programme, in mobilising African and interna- The AU is responsible for the peaceful resolution tional support for Nepad and in supporting Nepad of conflict among member states, through such structures and processes. Nepad is a holistic, inte- appropriate means as may be decided upon by the grated, sustainable development initiative prima- AU Assembly. RILY ESTABLISHED AS AN !FRICAN REJUVENATION PLAN The PSC Protocol tOOK EFFECT IN $ECEMBER that focuses on creating the conditions for sustain- AND COMPRISES MEMBER STATES 4HE 03# WAS able development, namely: LAUNCHED IN !DDIS !BABA IN -AY !S A COLLEC- s PEACE SECURITY DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL GOVER tive security and early warning arrangement, the nance PSC allows for a timely and effective response to s ECONOMIC AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE conflict and crises in Africa. s REGIONAL INTEGRATION In terms of PSC statutes, all African countries 4HE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF .EPAD IS TO ERADICATE should establish their own early warning centres. poverty, halt the marginalisation of Africa in the The AU PSC Protocol provides for the creation globalisation process, promote the empowerment of the African Standby Force, to be operationalised and economic integration of women and achieve OVER YEARS THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS -$'S The second extraordinary session of the AU The underlying principles of Nepad are: !SSEMBLY HELD IN ,IBYA IN &EBRUARY ADOPTED s !CCOUNTABILITY .EPAD RECOGNISES THE IMPOR- the Common African Defence and Security Policy. tance of good political, economic and corporate South Africa is sparing no effort in conflict reso- governance in creating the conditions for devel- lution and/or peacekeeping missions in the Demo- opment, with African governments embrac- CRATIC 2EPUBLIC OF #ONGO $2# "URUNDI #ÙTE ing greater accountability to their constituents. D)VOIRE 3UDAN #OMOROS %THIOPIA AND %RITREA Nepad also seeks to base Africa’s partnership with the North on mutual accountability. Socio-economic development and s /WNERSHIP .EPAD IS A LONG TERM VISION THAT integration of the continent is African-led and -owned. Ownership should The AU is the principal institution responsible for be promoted through broad and deep partici- promoting sustainable development at economic, pation by all sectors of society, and by tapping social and cultural level, as well as integrating INTO INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGEEXPERTISE TO DElNE !FRICAN ECONOMIES 2%#S ARE RECOGNISED AS THE needs and solutions. building blocks of the AU, necessitating the need s 0ARTNERSHIP 7HILE .EPAD IS A PARTNERSHIP for their close involvement in formulating and between and among Africans, it seeks to accel- implementing all AU programmes. erate sustainable development in Africa through To this end, the AU must co-ordinate and take partnerships with the South, and to forge a decisions on policies in areas of common inte- new partnership with the developed North that rest to member states, as well as co-ordinate and CHANGES THE UNEQUAL RELATIONSHIP WITH !FRICA harmonise policies between existing and future Resources for Nepad are mobilised by way of 2%#S FOR THE GRADUAL ATTAINMENT OF THE !5S OBJEC- increasing savings and capital inflows via debt tives. Seven specialised technical committees are RELIEF INCREASED TARGETED OFlCIAL DEVELOPMENT AID responsible for the actual implementation of the /$! AND PRIVATE CAPITAL INVESTMENT AS WELL AS continental socio-economic integration process, through better management of public revenue and together with the PRC. expenditure. 4HE ADOPTION OF .EPAD IN WAS THE AFlR- mation of a shared vision, conviction and a pledge 3OUTH !FRICAN JUDGE .AVANETHEM 0ILLAY WAS by Africa and its leaders to eradicate poverty and APPOINTED AS THE 5NITED .ATIONS (UMAN to place African countries, both individually and Rights Commissioner in Geneva, Switzerland, i collectively, on a path of sustainable growth and ON 3EPTEMBER 0ILLAY WAS A JUDGE AT THE development, halting the marginalisation of Africa )NTERNATIONAL #RIMINAL #OURT IN 4HE (AGUE in the globalisation process.
244 Over the past six years, the activities of Nepad PARTNERSHIP WITH THE 7ORLD (EALTH /RGANISATION evolved from the conceptualisation of frame- 7(/ CONTINUES TO YIELD POSITIVE RESULTS works for the actualisation of the new vision and Other achievements include the establishment onwards to implementation strategies and action OF THE )NFRASTRUCTURE 0ROJECT 0REPARATION &ACILITY AT PLANS IN THE IDENTIlED PRIORITY AREAS #ONSEQUENTLY THE !FRICAN $EVELOPMENT "ANK !$" AND NOTABLE sectoral frameworks and mechanisms have been increases in national and multicountry infrastruc- developed and are being implemented in the TURE PROJECT INVESTMENTS BY THE !$" AND OTHER PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS IN THOSE PRIORITY AREAS MULTINATIONAL DEVELOPMENT lNANCE INSTITUTIONS Such areas include: $&)S INCLUDING THE 7ORLD "ANK "UILDING ON THESE s THE COMPREHENSIVE !FRICAN AGRICULTURE DEVELOP- early successes in infrastructure, the Infrastruc- ment programme TURE #ONSORTIUM FOR !FRICA )#! WAS ESTABLISHED s THE SHORT TERM ACTION PLAN FOR INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE !$" AS PART OF THE ' SUPPORT TO .EPAD development FOLLOWING THE 'LENEAGLES 3UMMIT s THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 34 CONSOLIDATED ! MAJOR CONTINENTAL EVENT REGARDING INFRASTRUC- action plan ture development was the launch of the Pan- s THE ENVIRONMENT PLAN African Infrastructure Development Fund during s THE !5.EPAD HEALTH STRATEGY the Accra Summit. This fund, with at least s THE EDUCATION ACTION PLAN 53 MILLION AT ITS DISPOSAL IN MID AIMED s THE TOURISM ACTION PLAN AT PASSING THE 53 BILLION TARGET IN s STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR THE !FRICAN 0EER Nepad has forged global partnerships with 2EVIEW -ECHANISM !02- industrialised and developing countries and multi- s THE !FRICA PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY INITIATIVE lateral organisations. ! SIGNIlCANT ACHIEVEMENT OF .EPAD HAS BEEN IN At international level, the UN adopted Nepad as TERMS OF ITS IDENTIlCATION AND PROCESSING OF PRIO a framework for the programmes of its agencies RITY AREAS AGRICULTURE INFRASTRUCTURE INFORMATION WORKING IN !FRICA 4HE ' COUNTRIES ALSO ADOPTED AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY ;)#4= 34 ENVI- Nepad as a framework for their development RONMENT AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION THAT SUPPORT AND RESPONDED BY DEVELOPING THE ' were not among top priorities of the develop- Africa Action Plan, which focuses on Nepad priori- ment agenda of international partners. As a result, TIES 4HE /RGANISATION FOR %CONOMIC #O OPERATION within South-South and South-North co-opera- AND $EVELOPMENT /%#$ COUNTRIES THE #OMMON- tion, these priority areas have now become core WEALTH AND THE 7ORLD 4RADE /RGANISATION 74/ issues. Furthermore, the successful development also embraced Nepad in a similar fashion. and launch of the Investment Climate Facility has Nepad introduced the APRM, accepted by been implemented. This facility is aimed at making member states of the AU as an African self-moni- African countries more attractive to investment toring mechanism. globally. The peer review process is aimed ! MAJOR ACHIEVEMENT IN TERMS OF THE HEALTH at addressing corruption, poor gover- focus of Nepad has seen the emergence of the NANCE AND INEFlCIENT DELIVERY OF PUBLIC GOODS AND Global Fund through which resources are provided services to the citizens of African countries. It FOR THE OVERARCHING STRATEGY TO lGHT ()6 AND !)$3 encourages the adoption of policies, standards tuberculosis and malaria, and address their impact and practices that lead to political stability, high on development. Increased support for integrated economic growth, sustainable development and health systems to deliver programmes and new accelerated regional and continental economic approaches to the training and retention of health integration through the sharing of experiences and workers are emerging. Countries have moved to best practices and is important to the sustainability IMPLEMENT THE .EPAD (EALTH 3TRATEGY AND THE of Nepad.
Representation in South Africa and abroad 2001/02 2004/05 2007/08
South African missions in Africa 37 South African missions in the world Source: Development Indicators, 2008
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 245 FOREIGN RELATIONS The APRM has received international acclaim s IMPLEMENTING THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF 3OUTH AND THE lRST SETS OF REVIEWS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED Africa’s Peer Review Report in terms of the in Ghana, Rwanda, Kenya, South Africa, Algeria, 3OUTH !FRICAN 0ROGRAMME OF !CTION AS CO ORDI- Benin, Uganda, Nigeria and Burkina Faso. Country- nated by the Department of Public Service and review missions were completed in Lesotho, Mali, !DMINISTRATION -AURITIUS -OZAMBIQUE AND 4ANZANIA IN THE SECOND s USING THE .ATIONAL &RAMEWORK FOR ,OCAL HALF OF WITH THE POSSIBLE SCHEDULING OF THESE %CONOMIC $EVELOPMENT ,%$ AS A PLATFORM FOR COUNTRIES FOR PEER REVIEW BY *ANUARY !T THE development and implementation of Nepad and !5 3UMMIT IN !DDIS !BABA IN *ULY -AURI- RISDP programmes within South Africa. TANIA BECAME THE TH MEMBER STATE TO ACCEDE The Addis Ababa Summit decision regarding to the APRM. A formal application for member- the expeditious integration of Nepad into the AU ship of the APRM was received from Togo, which STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES PROVIDES A SIGNIlCANT increased the membership of the mechanism to step forward, especially in terms of the continen- COUNTRIES REPRESENTING MORE THAN THREE QUAR- tal ownership of Nepad and the AU serving as an ters of the countries in Africa. implementing agent in its own right. 4HE .EPAD (EADS OF 3TATE AND 'OVERNMENT A critical aspect is the use of continental devel- Implementation Committee, at its meeting in Addis OPMENT FUNDS FOR .EPAD PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS !BABA ON *ANUARY AGREED TO PROCEED WITH INCLUDING THE 0AN !FRICAN )NFRASTRUCTURE $EVEL- the integration of Nepad into the AU structures and opment Fund, the African Development Fund, the PROCESSES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE POINT SET OF African Infrastructure Consortium, the African conclusions agreed on at the Nepad Brainstorm- 7ATER &ACILITY THE !$" 0ROJECT 0REPARATION &ACILITY ING 3UMMIT IN -ARCH IN !LGIERS !LGERIA )T and the Common African Agriculture Development was further recommended that a close working 0ROGRAMME 3UPPORT 'ROUP relationship be established between the Nepad Secretariat and the AU Commission in facilitating Structures this issue. For South Africa, the implementation Heads of State and Government OF .EPAD IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE 3!$# 2EGIONAL Implementation Committee (HSGIC) )NDICATIVE 3TRATEGIC $EVELOPMENT 0LAN 2)3$0 AS 4HE .EPAD (3')# REPORTS ANNUALLY TO THE SUMMIT the regional expression of Nepad, forms a critical of the AU. The chairperson of the AU Commission PILLAR THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE OVERALL OBJECTIVE OF THE IS AN EX OFlCIO MEMBER OF THE )MPLEMENTATION consolidation of the African Agenda. Committee, and the AU Commission is expected to Concerning the implementation of Nepad at participate in steering committee meetings. national level, this is situated within the overall 4HE (3')# COMPRISES STATES FOUR PER !5 South African national development framework GEOGRAPHIC REGION INCLUDING THE lVE INITIA and strategy, the International Relations, Peace ting states: South Africa, Nigeria, Algeria, Senegal AND 3ECURITY )203 #LUSTER AND OTHER CLUSTER PRIOR- AND %GYPT ities, for example: 4HE MAIN FUNCTION OF THE (3')# IS TO SET POLICIES s FAST TRACKING IMPLEMENTATION OF .EPAD PRIOR- priorities and Nepad’s programme of action. ITY SECTORS IE INFRASTRUCTURE )#4 AGRICULTURE TOURISM CAPACITY BUILDING
Peacekeeping operations Personnel 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Democratic Republic of Congo Eritrea and Ethiopia 5 777 Burundi
Liberia 33 Sudan 339 Total 1 123 1 579 1 686 4 477 4 358 4 462 4 900 4 016 4 860 Source: Department of Foreign Affairs. The table included deployment of uniformed military observers, hence the small numbers in some cases.
246 Steering Committee 4HE LAUNCH OF THE &4! WILL LAY A lRM FOUNDATION FOR The Steering Committee comprises representa- regional economic integration. TIVES OF THE (3')# MEMBERS )T IS TASKED WITH The FTA Agreement is part of the SADC’s DEVELOPING THE TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR IDENTIlED ongoing efforts to create strong relations with PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS AND OVERSEEING THE southern African countries through trade. The Secretariat. SADC also aims to create a regional customs union, referred to as the Southern African Customs Secretariat 5NION BY The Nepad Secretariat co-ordinates imple- Other agreements signed at the summit MENTATION OF PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES APPROVED INCLUDED THE 0ROTOCOL ON 34 AND THE !GREEMENT BY THE (3')# 4HE FULL TIME CORE STAFF OF THE 3ECRE- !MENDING !RTICLE OF THE 0ROTOCOL ON 4RADE )N tariat, located at the Development Bank of South- THE 3EYCHELLES WAS WELCOMED BACK AS A ern Africa in Midrand, provides liaison, co-ordina- MEMBER OF 3!$# 4HE /RDINARY 3UMMIT OF tion, and administrative and logistical functions (EADS OF 3TATE AND 'OVERNMENT WILL BE HELD IN THE for Nepad. DRC. The AU’s mechanisms for peer review and conflict resolution reflect commitment to human Southern Africa rights, democratisation, good governance, and Angola peace and security. !FTER THE CEASElRE OF IN !NGOLA FOLLOWING decades of war, peace still prevails in that country. Southern African 4HE SIGNING OF THE CEASElRE AGREEMENT ENDED ONE Development Community of Africa’s most protracted and devastating wars. 4HE 3!$# HAS BEEN IN EXISTANCE SINCE The Memorandum of Commitment between when it was formed as a loose alliance of nine the Angolan Government and the National Union MAJORITY RULED STATES IN SOUTHERN !FRICA KNOWN AS for the Total Independence of Angola, which was the Southern African Development Co-ordination SIGNED ON !UGUST IS REGARDED AS A WATER- Conference, with the main aim of co-ordinatng shed along the road to peace and reconciliation. It DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO LESSEN ECONOMIC DEPEN was agreed then that elections would be held as dence on the then apartheid South Africa. The soon as circumstances permitted. founding member states are: Angola, Botswana, South Africa committed itself to assist- ,ESOTHO -ALAWI -OSAMBIQUE 3WAZILAND 5NITED ing Angola with its post-conflict reconstruction Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES 4HE lRST SESSION OF THE 4HE #ABINET ,EKGOTLA HELD IN *ULY *OINT #OMMISSION OF #O OPERATION *## WAS HELD decided that South Africa should focus on the IN 0RETORIA IN &EBRUARY 3UBSEQUENTLY SIGNI following priorities: lCANT PROGRESS WAS MADE IN IDENTIFYING NEGOTIA s ENHANCING REGIONAL POLITICAL COHESION TING AND lNALISING NUMEROUS AGREEMENTS s ADVANCING 3!$# REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION The South African Government has offered to WITH A FOCUS ON THE 3OUTHERN !FRICAN #USTOMS provide technical assistance, if and when needed, 5NION ;3ACU= to the planned elections in Angola. s INTENSIFYING EFFORTS TOWARDS INFRASTRUCTURE development Lesotho s ADVANCING THE UNDERSEA CABLE INITIATIVE TO 4HE MOST SIGNIlCANT AND VISIBLE BEACON REmEC expedite the continent’s access to the informa- ting South Africa’s bilateral relations with Lesotho tion highway IS THE ,ESOTHO (IGHLANDS 7ATER 0ROJECT ,(70 s ADVANCING FOOD SECURITY ISSUES IN THE REGION WHICH QUALIlES AS A .EPAD PROJECT s IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE REGION THAT ARE 4HE PROJECT WAS STARTED IN AS A JOINT CREATED BY THE 7ORLD #UP venture to supply water to South Africa, espe- s STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY OF THE 3!$# 3ECRE- cially the rapidly growing urban population of tariat. Gauteng, and to meet Lesotho’s electricity needs. 4HE 3UMMIT OF THE 3!$# (EADS OF 3TATE AND 4HE PROJECT DELIVERS ABOUT MILLION M3 of water 'OVERNMENT WAS HELD IN !UGUST 3OUTH !FRICA to South Africa per year. took over the chair of the SADC at the summit. The South Africa and Lesotho agreed to engage in a LAUNCH OF THE &REE 4RADE !REA &4! AND THE ADOP- strategic partnership to help Lesotho in accelerat- tion of the SADC Protocol on Gender and Develop- ing its economic development to raise its status ment were some of the highlights of the summit. FROM THAT OF A LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRY ,$# &OR
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 247 FOREIGN RELATIONS this purpose, South Africa and Lesotho signed the in Port Louis, Mauritius. Bilateral relations have *OINT "ILATERAL #OMMISSION OF #O OPERATION *"## BEEN STRENGTHENED SINCE ESPECIALLY IN TRADE AGREEMENT IN !PRIL and investments, culture, sport and recreation. In addition to strategic areas of co-operation, 4HERE WAS ALSO PROGRESS TOWARDS THE lNALISATION THE *"## ALSO PROMOTES THE PROCESS OF CONSOLIDA of the General Co-operation Agreement as well ting relations between South Africa and Lesotho. as agreements in other areas such as education, 3INCE THERE HAS BEEN SIGNIlCANT SECTORAL SCIENTIlC AND TECHNICAL CO OPERATION SHIPPING AND co-operation between the two countries. maritime, environment and tourism as well as 6ARIOUS PROJECTS HAVE BEEN IDENTIlED AND IMPLE- social development. MENTED SUCH AS THE HYDROLOGICAL PROJECT WHEREBY THE 3OUTH !FRICAN $EPARTMENT OF 7ATER !FFAIRS AND Comoros Forestry is providing Lesotho with technical assis- 3OUTH !FRICA AND THE #OMOROS HAVE HAD OFlCIAL tance and capacity-building to improve hydrologi- RELATIONS SINCE &OLLOWING THE SIGNING OF CAL DATA QUALITY AND QUANTITY BY MODERNISING DATA the Fomboni All-Party Framework Agreement of COLLECTION EQUIPMENT AND NETWORK DESIGN &EBRUARY PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS FOR THE Formal bilateral meetings under the auspices of three sister islands and for the Union of Comoros THE *"## ARE HELD ON A REGULAR BASIS WERE HELD IN -ARCH AND !PRIL South Africa, as the AU-mandated co-ordinator Botswana of the Countries of the Region on the Comoros, is 3OUTH !FRICA AND "OTSWANA SIGNED THE *OINT 0ERMA- facilitating and closely monitoring the transition NENT #OMMISSION FOR #O OPERATION *0## IN process. 4HE *0## PROVIDES A LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAME- WORK FOR FURTHER CO OPERATION IN IDENTIlED STRATE- Mozambique GIC AREAS 4HE LAST 3OUTH !FRICA "OTSWANA *0## 3OUTH !FRICA AND -OZAMBIQUE SHARE CO OPERATIVE MEETING WAS HELD IN .OVEMBER AND TOOK and friendly political and economic relations, both STOCK OF PROGRESS REGARDING *0## PROJECTS in a bilateral and multilateral context. -OZAMBIQUES ECONOMY CONTINUES TO PERFORM Malawi well and expectations are that the average growth Malawi is one of South Africa’s main trading part- RATE OF THAT HAS BEEN SEEN OVER THE PAST ners in the southern African region, with the trade years will continue. balance in South Africa’s favour. -OZAMBIQUE REMAINS 3OUTH !FRICAS SECOND South Africa-based companies increasingly largest export market in southern Africa. South interested in linking up with and establishing a !FRICA AND -OZAMBIQUES ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP IS PRESENCE IN -ALAWI RANGE FROM THE lNANCE TELE- the strongest in the southern Africa region. communications and the retail sectors, to those in )N !PRIL THE 3OUTH !FRICA -OZAMBIQUE the construction industry. (EADS OF 3TATE %CONOMIC "ILATERAL #OMMISSION South Africa’s former Deputy Minister of Foreign was held in Maputo. Affairs, Mr Aziz Pahad, together with his Malawian The meeting ensured the maintenance of sound COUNTERPART $EPUTY -INISTER (ENRI -UMBA political and economic relations between South co-chaired the inaugural session of the South Afri- !FRICA AND -OZAMBIQUE CA -ALAWI *## IN *UNE Forty agreements covering various spheres of -R 0AHAD ALSO CO CHAIRED THIS lRST SESSION OF co-operation were entered into between the two THE 3OUTH !FRICA -ALAWI *## WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF countries. South Africa’s priority to strengthen bilateral politi- 4HESE INCLUDE THE -APUTO (ARBOUR AGRI- cal, economic and trade relations with Malawi to cultural development, natural gas trade, de- consolidate the SADC developmental agenda. MINING THE -APUTO $EVELOPMENT #ORRIDOR A JOINT water commission, promotion and reciprocal Indian Ocean islands protection of investment, and custom administra- South Africa’s political, economic and diplomatic tion. relations with countries in the Indian Ocean islands )N -AY FORMER 0RESIDENT -BEKI HELD remain strong. political bilateral discussions with his Mozam- )N -ARCH FORMER 0RESIDENT 4HABO -BEKI bican counterpart, President Armando Guebuza, ATTENDED THE TH )NDEPENDENCE $AY CELEBRATIONS in Maputo.
248 Namibia similar constitutional developments and chal- Co-operation in various areas marks the relation- lenges, and share similar views on multilateral ship between South Africa and Namibia. issues. Trade between South Africa and Tanzania The two governments often meet at high-level is steadily increasing and a number of exchanges engagements such as the regular heads of state HAVE TAKEN PLACE AT OFlCIAL LEVEL TO ENHANCE economic bilateral meetings. The meetings focus co-operation. ON JOINT ECONOMIC CO OPERATION PROJECTS SUCH AS Close co-operation takes place in a number of spatial development initiatives, tourism, energy lELDS BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES AND MEMORAN- matters as well as matters related to Sacu and the DUMS OF UNDERSTANDING -O5S AND AGREEMENTS SADC. on a wide variety of issues have been signed. The 4HE ANNUAL *OINT #OMMISSION ON $EFENCE AND 0RESIDENTIAL %CONOMIC #OMMISSION PROVIDES THE Security aims to identify, discuss and promote necessary co-operative framework to manage co-operation regarding bilateral and regional the development and implementation of bilateral ISSUES OF MUTUAL INTEREST IN THE lELDS OF DEFENCE PROJECTS state and public security. 4HE 3OUTH !FRICA .AMIBIA (EADS OF 3TATE Zambia #OMMISSION WAS HELD IN !UGUST South Africa has established a deep mutual bond 4HE %CONOMIC "ILATERAL #OMMISSION SERVES AS with Zambia, as evidenced by existing bilateral a platform for reinforcing bilateral economic rela- agreements and an annual increase in trade and tions between South Africa and Namibia. investment flow between the two countries. Since the establishment of the commission, Former South African President and Mrs Mbeki, South Africa has assisted Namibia to establish a supported by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, CARDIAC UNIT AT THE 7INDHOEK #ENTRAL (OSPITAL /N Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, represented the *UNE .AMIBIA OPENED ITS lRST CARDIAC 'OVERNMENT AND PEOPLE OF 3OUTH !FRICA AT THE OFl- unit and became the third country on the continent cial funeral service of the late Zambian President, AFTER 3OUTH !FRICA AND %GYPT TO HAVE A CARDIAC UNIT -R ,EVY -WANAWASA ON 3EPTEMBER and to conduct successful heart operations. South Africa is one of Namibia’s important Uganda economic partners. Bilateral trade between South /FlCIAL DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN 3OUTH !FRICA Africa and Namibia accounts for two thirds of AND 5GANDA WERE ESTABLISHED IN )N -ARCH Namibia’s total foreign trade. #ABINET APPROVED THE DEPLOYMENT OF 3OUTH South Africa and Namibia are part of SADC !FRICAN .ATIONAL $EFENCE &ORCE 3!.$& MEMBERS AND THE %CONOMIC 0ARTNERSHIP !GREEMENT %0! in northern Uganda as part of the AU mission. CONlGURATION THAT IS NEGOTIATING WITH THE %UROPEAN Commission. The two countries share a common Kenya INTEREST IN ENSURING THAT THE %0! FOSTERS REGIONAL )N -ARCH THE 3OUTH !FRICAN 'OVERNMENT integration and development. sent a relief consignment to Kenya in response to an appeal for emergency support aimed at helping Swaziland its internally displaced persons, following the elec- )N !PRIL THEN 0RESIDENT -BEKI VISITED THE tions in December, which resulted in sporadic Kingdom of Swaziland where he held bilateral violence. political and economic discussions with King The consignment comprised, among other Mswati III about, among other things: THINGS BLANKETS CHEMICALLY TREATED s ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES PRESENTED BY THE MOSQUITO NETS TARPAULINS AND WATER 7ORLD #UP PURIlCATION TABLETS 4HE TOTAL COST OF THE INTERVEN- s THE ,UBOMBO 3PATIAL $EVELOPMENT )NITIATIVE TION WAS 2 MILLION WHICH HAS BEEN IDENTIlED AS VITAL FOR LEVERAGING )N 3EPTEMBER THE -INISTER OF 4RADE AND economic integration between the two coun- Industry, Mr Mandisi Mpahlwa and the Kenyan tries. Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Trade and Industry, Mr Uhuru Kenyatta, addressed and Tanzania OPENED THE lRST +ENYAN 4RADE &AIR IN 3OUTH !FRICA Bilateral relations with Tanzania are cordial and They also signed a bilateral trade co-operation PROGRESS IS BEING MADE IN A WIDE RANGE OF lELDS OF agreement and an MoU on economic co-opera- mutual interest. Both countries have experienced tion.
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 249 FOREIGN RELATIONS Zimbabwe Development co-operation :IMBABWE CELEBRATED YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE South Africa is not a donor country, but devel- ON !PRIL "ESIDES THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL opment co-operation with countries in Africa is proximity, South Africa and Zimbabwe also have integral to the country’s foreign policy. Assis- A COMMON AND LONG HISTORY OF REGIONAL AFlLIATION tance is wide-ranging and includes educational and cultural ties. The people of Zimbabwe also visits by agriculturists, establishing viable training played an important role in supporting the libera- centres, conserving the environment, and render- tion struggle against apartheid in South Africa. ing medical assistance and technology-exchange The relationship at government-to-government PROGRAMMES 4ECHNICAL AND lNANCIAL ASSISTANCE level between South Africa and Zimbabwe is cordial aimed at capacity-building, especially to SADC and high-level co-operation is taking place. COUNTRIES IS A MAJOR INSTRUMENT FOR PROMOT- A political agreement between Zanu-PF and ing economic development, peace and stabil- THE -OVEMENT FOR $EMOCRATIC #HANGE -$# WAS ity, democracy and the African Renaissance on a SIGNED IN :IMBABWE IN 3EPTEMBER FOLLOWING regional basis. a long process of negotiations facilitated by South Africa under the aegis of SADC and the AU. Relations with central Africa In the agreement, parties declared their commit- South Africa continued to strengthen its bilateral ment to work together to create a genuine solution relations with the countries in the central African to the situation in Zimbabwe. REGION DURING /N *ANUARY THE -$# AND :ANU 0& The embassies in Cameroon, Gabon, Congo and ended more than four months of negotiations and %QUATORIAL 'UINEA ARE FULLY STAFFED AND OFlCIALS agreed to a transitional power-sharing govern- represent South Africa in Chad and São Tomé and ment. Principe. An honorary consul has been appointed 4HE AGREEMENT CAME AFTER AN %XTRAORDINARY IN THE #ENTRAL !FRICAN 2EPUBLIC #!2 TO ASSIST WITH 3UMMIT OF 3!$# (EADS OF 3TATE AND 'OVERNMENT South Africa’s programmes in that country. meeting that was held in South Africa. The agree- ment is expected to last for up to two years after Gabon which elections are to be held under a new consti- Diplomatic relations between South Africa and tution. 'ABON WERE ESTABLISHED IN ! LEGAL FRAME- work was created through the signing of a co- Ethiopia operation agreement, and further agreements "ILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH %THIOPIA WERE were since signed. REVIVED IN WHEN 3OUTH !FRICA OPENED AN ! MEETING OF SENIOR OFlCIALS BETWEEN THE TWO embassy in Addis Ababa. The SANDF has been COUNTRIES TOOK PLACE IN /CTOBER IN 'ABON DEPLOYED IN %THIOPIA IN SUPPORT OF THE !5 03# -R 3EYOUM -ESlN THE -INISTER OF &OREIGN São Tomé and Principe !FFAIRS OF %THIOPIA AND A DELEGATION OF %THIOPIAN Diplomatic relations between São Tomé and SENIOR OFlCIALS VISITED 3OUTH !FRICA TO ATTEND THE Principe and South Africa were established in May LAUNCH OF THE 3OUTH !FRICA %THIOPIA *OINT -INISTE- 3OUTH !FRICA OPERATES A SATELLITE OFlCE IN RIAL #OMMISSION *-# IN -ARCH São Tomé and Principe under the accreditation of The two delegations recalled the signing of the embassy in Libreville, Gabon. THE $ECLARATION OF )NTENT IN -ARCH AND THE A general co-operation agreement between São General Co-operation Agreement between the Tomé and Principe and South Africa was signed 3OUTH !FRICA AND %THIOPIA IN -ARCH IN 4HE NEXT MEETING OF OFlCIALS IS EXPECTED TO BE CONVENED IN !DDIS !BABA IN TO lNALISE NEGO- Congo tiations on all draft agreements that have been Diplomatic relations between South Africa and exchanged between the two delegations and to the Republic of Congo were established in further explore areas of co-operation. -ARCH 3OUTH !FRICA OPENED AN EMBASSY IN This meeting will also prepare for the second "RAZZAVILLE IN #ONGO IN !N -O5 ON $EFENCE SESSION OF THE *-# TO BE HELD IN %THIOPIA IN between South Africa and Congo was signed in 4HE %THIOPIAN 0RIME -INISTER -R -ELE :ENAWI !PRIL IN 0RETORIA VISITED 3OUTH !FRICA IN *UNE
250 Equatorial Guinea Government of Burundi, and the National Assembly on $IPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN %QUATORIAL 'UINEA !UGUST 3OUTH !FRICAS CONTRIBUTION AND 3OUTH !FRICA WERE ESTABLISHED IN -AY towards the establishment of peace and stabil- The two countries have signed bilateral agree- ity in Burundi included the deployment of SANDF ments in the following areas: general co-oper- troops, with an African peace mission in Burundi, ation, defence and regular diplomatic consulta- now called as the UN Operation in Burundi. tion. The South African oil company Petro-SA is South Africa has committed itself to working involved in oil-exploration activities in that country. with the regional leadership, the Government and 4HE TWO COUNTRIES ARE EXPECTED TO LAUNCH A *"## the people of Burundi, including the leadership of in the near future. THE 0ALEPEHUTU &., IN lNDING A LONG LASTING SOLU- tion to their current challenges. Cameroon South Africa hosted a special meeting with $URING 3OUTH !FRICA AND #AMEROON SIGNED GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES OF "URUNDI IN *UNE a general co-operation agreement, a trade agree- TO DISCUSS A WAY FORWARD TOWARDS PEACE IN ment and an MoU on economic co-operation. that country. These agreements set the framework for the An agreement between South Africa and strengthening of relations and business activity "URUNDI WAS SIGNED IN 3EPTEMBER IN "UJUM- between the two countries. bura to facilitate the implementation of a co- operation agreement between the two countries Central African Republic IN THE lELD OF HEALTH INCLUDING STRENTHENING INTER- 3OUTH !FRICA HAS ENJOYED FULL DIPROMATIC RELATIONS ventions for safe motherhood, hospital services, WITH THE #!2 SINCE !UGUST reducing malaria morbidity and mortality and the )N -AY #ABINET APPROVED THE DEPLOYMENT referral of Burundian patients to the South African OF 3!.$& MEMBERS TO #!2 public health sector. South Africa continues to contribute to the peace Chad process in Burundi, with the Minister of Defence, The South African embassy in Chad became fully -R #HARLES .QAKULA BEING THE FACILITATOR FUNCTIONAL IN 4HE #HADIAN 'OVERNMENT IS planning to open an embassy in Pretoria in the Democratic Republic of Congo near future. Interaction between the two govern- The DRC has made remarkable progress and ments on bilateral issues continues to take place. presents real opportunities for intraregional economic co-operation, foreign direct investment Rwanda &$) AND SUSTAINED GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Full diplomatic relations were established between (OWEVER CYCLES OF CONmICT HAVE SEVERELY UNDER- 3OUTH !FRICA AND 2WANDA IN -AY 4HE TWO MINED BOTH !FRICAN AND FOREIGN INVESTOR CONl- countries maintain good political relations. Their dence, further weakened indigenous economic co-operation focuses on the post-conflict recon- development and increased dependence on struction of Rwanda and has extended to the foreign loans and assistance. co-ordination of Nepad on the continent. South Africa is fully committed to continued To further strengthen this bilateral structure, the engagement with the DRC, and to assisting the Implementation Monitoring Committee has been new democratically elected Government with its established at director-general level to provide the consolidation of democracy, in line with its foreign- necessary co-ordinating, planning and monitoring POLICY OBJECTIVES framework to manage effective implementation of South Africa has also committed to provi- approved programmes, and to ensure the delivery ding ongoing assistance to the new Government OF CROSS CUTTING TRAINING AND HUMAN RESOURCE (2 to reform the DRC’s economy, and is supporting capacity-building programmes. measures to encourage a predictable and stable economic environment to unlock investment and Burundi trade opportunities between the two countries. South Africa’s good relations with Burundi are 4HE 0RESIDENTIAL "INATIONAL #OMMISSION ".# demonstrated by the leading role the Govern- between South Africa and the DRC provides a legal ment played in the Arusha Peace and Recon- framework to manage the numerous post-conflict ciliation Agreement signed by representatives RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN THAT OF THE MAIN (UTU AND 4UTSI POLITICAL PARTIES THE country.
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 251 FOREIGN RELATIONS )N !PRIL FORMER 0RESIDENT -BEKI HOSTED Côte d’Ivoire HIS COUNTERPART FROM THE $2# 0RESIDENT *OSEPH South Africa established full diplomatic relations +ABILA IN 0RETORIA FOR THE lFTH ".# 3UMMIT WITH #ÙTE D)VOIRE IN -AY 'IVEN ITS lRM South Africa’s assistance to the DRC is broadly commitment to the African Renaissance and its BASED ON lVE PRIORITY AREAS HEALTH EDUCATION attendant features of stability, democratisation water and sanitation and infrastructure, with secu- and development on the continent, South Africa rity sector reform being an all encompassing prior- will continue to promote the restoration of peace ity. The BNC, which has been in existence between AND STABILITY IN #ÙTE D)VOIRE 3OUTH !FRICA AND THE $2# SINCE PROVIDES A In this regard, South Africa’s mediation efforts, legal and administrative framework to manage and under the auspices of the AU, culminated in the implement a number of post-conflict reconstruc- SIGNING OF THE 0RETORIA !GREEMENT IN !PRIL TION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN THAT COUNTRY South Africa continues to support peace efforts 4HE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECTS IN THE $2# IN #ÙTE D)VOIRE remains the substance of the BNC’s work, focusing )N -ARCH FORMER 0RESIDENT -BEKI MET WITH on the development of the DRC. A detailed report 0RESIDENT ,AURENT 'BAGBO OF #ÙTE D )VOIRE IN #APE on the progress with respect to implementation of Town. They discussed among other things, the: THIS !PEX 0RIORITY WAS PRESENTED TO THE *ULY s STATUS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE /UAGA- Cabinet Lekgotla. dougou Peace Agreement s NATIONAL IDENTIlCATION PROCESS Relations with North and West s DEMOBILISATION DISARMING AND REINTEGRATION Africa and the Horn of Africa process. $URING 3OUTH !FRICA EXPANDED AND consolidated its bilateral relations with the region. Egypt The following key performance areas were 3OUTH !FRICA AND %GYPT CONTINUE TO ENJOY CORDIAL achieved in the region: bilateral relations. s PROMOTING THE !FRICAN !GENDA IN .ORTH !FRICA )N *ULY FORMER 0RESIDENT -BEKI HELD BILAT- s STRENGTHENING !5 STRUCTURES IN THE REGION eral political, economic and trade discussions at s CONTRIBUTING TOWARDS PEACE STABILITY SECURITY THE 5NION "UILDINGS IN 0RETORIA WITH THE %GYPTIAN and democracy in North Africa 0RESIDENT -R (OSNI -UBARAK WHO PAID HIS lRST s CONSOLIDATING AND ENHANCING STRATEGIC AND state visit to South Africa. structured bilateral relationships with the The meeting was held to further strengthen and countries of North Africa consolidate bilateral political, economic and trade s ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY AND TOURISM PROMOTION relations between the two countries. s PROMOTING PUBLIC DIPLOMACY s PROMOTING 3OUTH 3OUTH AND .ORTH 3OUTH Sudan agendas. 4HE SECOND SESSION OF THE 3OUTH !FRICA 3UDAN *"# TOOK PLACE IN -AY IN +HARTOUM FOLLOWED BY Algeria THE LAUNCH OF THE 3OUTH !FRICA 3UDAN *OINT "USI- Algeria remains South Africa’s strategic partner ness Forum. A number of agreements, includ- in North Africa. Synergy at the executive level in ing the MoU on Co-operation in the Field of Agri- terms of the AU and Nepad has resulted in a pre- culture, an agreement on mutual assistance on sidential BNC. Bilateral trade and economic links customs administration and a letter of intent on have developed steadily. HEALTH WAS SIGNED DURING THE *"# South Africa’s economic reach to Algeria )N -ARCH THE !5 0OST #ONmICT AND 2ECON- includes possible involvement in the energy struction Committee in Sudan, under the leader- HYDROCARBONS SECTOR 3INCE THE ESTA ship of Minister Dlamini Zuma, visited that country BLISHMENT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ".# IN VARIOUS and agreed that AU member states would contri- co-operation agreements have been signed. BUTE TO PROJECTS THAT WILL ASSIST WITH THE DEVELOP- South Africa has continued its co-operation with ment and reconstruction of Sudan. three important AU institutions based in Algiers, South Africa is further involved in post-conflict namely the Centre for the Study and Research on reconstruction and development in Southern 4ERRORISM THE !FRICAN %NERGY #OMMISSION AND THE Sudan through the training of Sudan Government Pan-African Youth Union. OFlCIALS &ORMER 0RESIDENT -BEKI VISITED 3UDAN IN 3EPTEMBER
252 During the visit, the South African delegation -ORE THAN BUSINESS PEOPLE FROM 3OUTH HELD TALKS WITH 0RESIDENT %L "ASHIR ON A WIDE RANGE !FRICA AND .IGERIA CONVERGED IN *OHANNESBURG AND of issues that covered internal situations in their Cape Town for the Nigeria-South Africa Business respective countries, and bilateral, regional and &ORUM THAT TOOK PLACE IN *OHANNESBURG AND #APE international issues of mutual concern. 4OWN RESPECTIVELY IN *ULY The forum sought to strengthen economic ties and Morocco co-operation between the two countries by provid- Bilateral relations between South Africa and ing the necessary platform for information and Morocco remain cordial, but are influenced by knowledge-sharing, and the exploration of future South Africa’s recognition of the Saharawi Arab collaborative business ventures. Democratic Republic, as well as South Africa’s principled stand on the issues of decolonisation Ghana and self-determination in relation to the illegal Diplomatic relations were established between OCCUPATION OF 7ESTERN 3AHARA 'HANA AND 3OUTH !FRICA IN South Africa and Ghana have agreements in the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic following areas: mining, defence, taxation, invest- 4HE ISSUE OF THE ILLEGAL OCCUPATION OF 7ESTERN ment and aviation. Sahara remains a foreign-policy priority for South A number of technical exchanges took place Africa, especially in terms of the sanctity of colo- BETWEEN 3OUTH !FRICA AND 'HANA IN INCLUD- nial borders and the recognition of the Saharawi ING IN THE lELDS OF DEFENCE AND AVIATION people’s right for self-determination. Burkina Faso Mauritania South Africa and Burkina Faso established non- South Africa expanded the bilateral legal frame- RESIDENT DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS IN -AY )N work between the two countries and supported South Africa established a diplomatic mission in the implementation of the democratic roadmap Burkina Faso. undertaken by the military transitional government Although Burkina Faso has limited exploitable FOLLOWING THE COUP DÏTAT OF !UGUST resources, opportunities exist for South African South Africa also supported the lifting of the AU mining companies to mine gold, zinc and manga- suspension of the country. nese. Since agriculture is the dominant industry, In this regard, South Africa participated in the opportunities exist for the trade of various agricul- CONSTITUTIONAL REFERENDUM IN *UNE LEGISLA- tural products. Trade between the two countries is TIVE AND MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS IN $ECEMBER LIMITED 4HE 3OUTH !FRICA "URKINA &ASO *## WAS AND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN -ARCH AS PART ESTABLISHED IN of the AU Observer Mission for Mauritania. The Islamic Republic of Mauritania opened a resident Benin DIPLOMATIC MISSION IN 3OUTH !FRICA DURING Diplomatic relations were established between "ENIN AND 3OUTH !FRICA IN -AY 3OUTH !FRICA Liberia and Benin maintain good bilateral relations. The Former Deputy President Phumzile Mlambo- two countries signed a general co-operation agree- .GCUKA HOSTED ,IBERIAN 0RESIDENT %LLEN *OHNSON MENT IN /CTOBER 4HEY HAVE AMONG OTHER 3IRLEAF AT A GALA DINNER IN *ULY AT THE 0RESI- THINGS IDENTIlED THE FOLLOWING AREAS OF CO OPERA- DENTIAL 'UEST (OUSE IN 0RETORIA TION AGRICULTURE ARTS AND CULTURE AND JUSTICE An embassy was opened in Cotonou in Nigeria &EBRUARY "ENIN OPENED AN EMBASSY IN Diplomatic relations between South Africa and 0RETORIA IN 4HE FORMER -INISTER OF $EFENCE .IGERIA WERE ESTABLISHED IN 4HE TWO COUN- Mr Mosiuoa Lekota, and Mr Issifo Kogui Ndouro, tries maintain good bilateral relations. Nigeria is the Minister of Defence of Benin, signed an agree- one of South Africa’s largest trading partners on ment to develop and formulate procedures for THE !FRICAN CONTINENT )N -AY THE SEVENTH military co-operation between South Africa and session of the South Africa-Nigeria BNC was held. "ENIN IN *UNE )N *UNE THE .IGERIAN 0RESIDENT -R 5MARI The agreement also includes promoting the 9AR!DUA VISITED 3OUTH !FRICA 4HIS WAS HIS lRST training of military personnel through the exchange state visit to South Africa. of trainees, instructors and observers.
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 253 FOREIGN RELATIONS Republic of Togo Mali Diplomatic relations between South Africa and Full diplomatic relations between South Africa 4OGO WERE ESTABLISHED IN 3OUTH !FRICA AND AND -ALI WERE ESTABLISHED IN 4HE LATTER Togo maintain good bilateral relations. established an embassy in Pretoria in December 4HE 3OUTH !FRICAN AMBASSADOR TO !BIDJAN #ÙTE ! 3OUTH !FRICAN EMBASSY WAS ESTABLISHED d’Ivoire, is accredited on a non-residential basis IN "AMAKO IN .OVEMBER AND THE lRST 3OUTH to Togo. African ambassador to Mali was appointed in .OVEMBER Cape Verde Mali is a strong supporter of the African Renais- 3OUTH !FRICA AND #APE 6ERDE ESTABLISHED DIPLO- SANCE INITIATIVE AND .EPAD )N !UGUST THE MATIC RELATIONS IN 3OUTH !FRICAS AMBASSA- Agreement on the Preservation of the Ancient dor to Senegal is also accredited as South Africa’s -ANUSCRIPTS IN THE !HMED "ABA )NSTITUTE OF (IGHER NON RESIDENT AMBASSADOR TO #APE 6ERDE WHILE THE Learning and Islamic Research in Timbuktu was #APE 6ERDEAN AMBASSADOR TO !NGOLA IS ACCREDITED concluded between the two countries. to South Africa as non-resident ambassador. 3OUTH !FRICA IS SUPPORTING A PROJECT AIMED AT In line with expanding South Africa’s effort to improving the preservation of these ancient manu- expand her diplomatic reach on the African conti- scripts. NENT REGULAR INTERACTION WITH #APE 6ERDE IS ENVIS- They vary in content from religious treatises and aged in the coming years, including exploring poems to documentary letters dealing with legal MUTUALLY BENElCIAL BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES and commercial matters, while others relate to slavery, mathematics, astronomy, medicine and The Gambia HISTORY n ALL OF THEM SUBJECTS OF IMMENSE INTER- Full diplomatic relations between South Africa and est to scholars and the African population at large. 4HE 'AMBIA WERE ESTABLISHED IN !UGUST 4HREE MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT ARE TO 7HILE 3OUTH !FRICAS AMBASSADOR TO 3ENEGAL IS s IMPLEMENT A CONSERVATION PROGRAMME TO PROTECT accredited to The Gambia as non-resident ambas- and improve environmental storage conditions sador, the Gambian ambassador to the AU in Addis for the manuscripts Ababa is accredited to South Africa as that coun- s REBUILD THE !HMED "ABA #ENTRE TO ONE OF INTER- try’s non-resident ambassador. South Africa main- national stature while ensuring its architectural TAINS AN HONORARY CONSUL OFlCE IN 4HE 'AMBIA TO harmony with ancient Timbuktu look after South African interests. s PROMOTE ACADEMIC STUDY AND PUBLIC AWARE- NESS OF THE MAGNIlCENT AND ANCIENT !FRICAN AND Guinea Islamic heritage at Timbuktu. Diplomatic relations were established with the The two countries exhibited selected manuscripts 2EPUBLIC OF 'UINEA IN 3OUTH !FRICA OPENED A FROM THE !HMED "ABA )NSTITUTE OF (IGHER ,EARNING DIPLOMATIC MISSION IN #ONAKRY IN .OVEMBER and Islamic Research at the Iziko Museum in Cape 4OWN IN 4HE EXHIBITION DEMONSTRATES BILA Guinea-Bissau teral co-operation between South Africa and Mali South Africa opened a diplomatic mission in AND AFlRMS !FRICAS PRE COLONIAL LITERARY TRADITION )T 'UINEA "ISSAU IN &EBRUARY 4HE OPENING also brought the people of the two countries closer of the diplomatic mission will contribute to the in the effort to create a united and proud Africa. In strengthening of bilateral relations between South *ANUARY 0RESIDENT -OTLANTHE ATTENDED THE Africa and Guinea-Bissau. OFlCIAL OPENING OF A NEW FACILITY THAT WAS BUILT IN South Africa is also a member of the Country Mali to preserve the manuscripts. 3PECIlC #ONlGURATION ON 'UINEA "ISSAU WITH THE South Africa and Mali held the review session of UN Peace-Building Commission. THE 3OUTH !FRICA -ALI *## IN &EBRUARY 4HE As part of this group, South Africa strives to session assessed progress in the implementation mobilise the international community to contribute of decisions taken during the second session of to the rebuilding of that country, in both political THE COMMISSION IN $ECEMBER and economic terms. The two countries are committed to promoting )N 3EPTEMBER A FRAMEWORK CO OPERATION democracy and good governance, and there agreement was signed between South Africa and is substantial South African involvement in the Guinea-Bissau. Malian gold-mining sector.
254 Senegal A SIGNIlCANT CONTRIBUTION TO NEGOTIATIONS FOR THE Full diplomatic relations between South Africa and release of the two Libyan suspects in the so-called 3ENEGAL WERE ESTABLISHED IN -AY AND THE TWO “Lockerbie issue”. COUNTRIES REPRESENTATIVE OFlCES WERE UPGRADED TO embassy level. Bilateral relations between South Sierra Leone Africa and Senegal are based mainly on the South Africa and Sierra Leone established diplo- Senegalese Government’s strong support for the MATIC RELATIONS IN 4HE 3OUTH !FRICAN AMBAS- African Renaissance initiative and Nepad, and its SADOR IN #ÙTE D)VOIRE WAS ACCREDITED TO 3IERRA strong commitment to promoting democracy and ,EONE IN $ECEMBER good governance. Although the country remains poor, various Dr Dlamini Zuma co-chaired the inaugural accomplishments towards promoting democracy SESSION OF THE 3OUTH !FRICA 3ENEGAL *OINT #OMMIS- and development have been achieved. SION FOR "ILATERAL #O OPERATION *#"# WITH HER Senegalese counterpart, Dr Cheikh Tidiane Gadio, Niger ON !PRIL $URING THE SESSION THE TWO COUN- Diplomatic relations were established between tries agreed to co-operate in various areas. .IGER AND 3OUTH !FRICA IN -AY 3OUTH !FRICA The session also enabled the signing of the and Niger maintain good bilateral relations. bilateral Defence Co-operation Agreement. Agree- South Africa is represented in Niger on a non- ments on sports co-operation, agriculture, live- RESIDENTIAL BASIS BY ITS AMBASSADOR IN #ÙTE D)VOIRE stock development and minerals and energy were Niger is represented in South Africa by its ambas- SIGNED IN SADOR IN %THIOPIA
Tunisia Relations with Asia and Bilateral relations between South Africa and the Middle East Tunisia are characterised by a substantial reservoir Asia and Australasia of goodwill towards expanding relations, including South Africa and Indonesia were instrumental in closer economic and trade ties. the launch of the New Asia-Africa Strategic Part- )N 3EPTEMBER -INISTER $LAMINI :UMA NERSHIP .!!30 IN "ANDUNG IN ON THE TH CO CHAIRED THE lFTH SESSION OF THE 3OUTH anniversary of the Bandung Conference, which !FRICA 4UNIS *"# WITH HER 4UNISIAN COUNTERPART cemented Afro-Asian solidarity. NAASP, in the spirit Mr Abdelwaheb Abdallah. During her visit in of Bandung, represents a commitment by heads Tunisia, Dr Dlamini Zuma paid a courtesy call to of state and governments to help build closer 0RESIDENT :INE %L !BIDINE "EN !LI economic ties between Africa and Asia. Among the highlights of the discussions was the decision to embark on trilateral co-opera- East Asia tion between South Africa, Tunisia and Mali on Japan advanced training for Malian archivists tasked with 3OUTH !FRICAS BILATERAL RELATIONSHIP WITH *APAN HAS the preservation of the Timbuktu manuscripts. expanded across a wide spectrum and is strength- ened with regular interaction between the two Libya countries under the auspices of the bilateral Part- 5NOFlCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN 3OUTH !FRICA AND THE nership Forum. 'REAT 0EOPLES 3OCIALIST ,IBYAN !RAB *AMAHIRIYA The forum was upgraded to the level of ministers are long-standing and go back to the days of the OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AT THE END OF WHEN -INISTER struggle against apartheid. $LAMINI :UMA PAID AN OFlCIAL VISIT TO *APAN 4HE lRST 3OUTH !FRICAN FORMAL ACCREDITATION The Partnership Forum provides a framework WAS ESTABLISHED ON .OVEMBER WHEN THE within which both countries are able to continu- South African ambassador to Tunisia presented ously work towards strengthening, developing and his credentials to the Secretary of the General BROADENING RELATIONS TO THE MUTUAL BENElT OF BOTH People’s Committee for Foreign Liaison and Inter- countries. Discussions are held over a wide spec- NATIONAL #O OPERATION &OREIGN -INISTER trum of areas. Relations between South Africa and Libya 4HE EXCHANGES IN THE lELDS OF 34 CONSTITUTE A are solid and have been highlighted by high- priority bilateral sector and are aimed at extend- PROlLE VISITS TO ,IBYA BY BOTH FORMER PRESIDENTS ING SUCH INITIATIVES TO THE BENElT OF THE REGION AT Nelson Mandela and Mbeki. South Africa made large.
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 255 FOREIGN RELATIONS 4HE 'OVERNMENT OF *APAN HAS PROVIDED SUBSTAN- /N THE TRADE SIDE A POSITIVE TRADE BALANCE tial assistance to the Accelerated and Shared in favour of South Africa was achieved by the end 'ROWTH )NITIATIVE FOR 3OUTH !FRICA !SGI3! AND THE OF &EBRUARY *OINT )NITIATIVE FOR 0RIORITY 3KILLS !CQUISITION *IPSA Relations between South Africa and the Demo- *APAN ESTABLISHED THE *APANESE *IPSA 7ORKING CRATIC 0EOPLES 2EPUBLIC OF +OREA .ORTH +OREA ARE 'ROUP IN 4OKYO WHICH MOBILISES *APANESE STAKE- CORDIAL )N THE TWO COUNTRIES CELEBRATED lVE HOLDERS FROM ACROSS THE SPECTRUM PUBLIC PRIVATE years of the establishment of diplomatic relations. AND CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS TO ASSIST WITH (2 capacity-building. Greater China )N -ARCH -INISTER $LAMINI :UMA ATTENDED 4HE YEAR WAS SIGNIlCANT IN THAT IT MARKED the Tokyo International Conference on African THE TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIPLO- $EVELOPMENT 4)#!$ -INISTERIAL 0REPARATORY matic relations between South Africa and the Conference. The conference laid a foundation for 0EOPLES 2EPUBLIC OF #HINA 02# 4HE CELEBRATORY THE !FRICA *APAN (EADS OF 3TATE 3UMMIT HELD IN programme commemorating this historic land- -AY IN *APAN 3OUTH !FRICA PARTICIPATED IN mark was launched with an exchange of congrat- THE 4)#!$ )6 -INISTERIAL 0REPARATORY #ONFERENCE ulatory messages between the two presidents and within the context of fostering African development THEIR FOREIGN MINISTERS ON *ANUARY WITH THE THROUGH THE STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP WITH *APAN two countries agreeing to sponsor or co-sponsor ,AUNCHED BY *APAN IN AS AN INITIATIVE FOR a series of events during the course of the year. Africa’s development, TICAD is aimed at promoting A series of South African weeks celebrating the high-level policy dialogue between African leaders TH ANNIVERSARY WERE HELD IN "EIJING 3HANGHAI and development partners. TICAD also seeks to 'UANGZHOU AND (ONG +ONG IN !PRIL mobilise support for African-owned development 4HE PERIOD SAW A FURTHER STRENGTHEN- initiatives. In this regard, key issues addressed at ing and enhancement of the burgeoning Strate- the ministerial conference included the accelera- gic Partnership between South Africa and the PRC tion of sustainable economic growth, achieving the WITH A NUMBER OF SIGNIlCANT HIGH LEVEL VISITS AND MDGs, consolidating peace and democratisation, PROJECTS REINFORCING THIS RELATIONSHIP and addressing environmental issues. The third session of the BNC was held in The conference was organised around the 3EPTEMBER !MONG THE CONCLUSIONS REACHED THEME h4OWARDS A 6IBRANT !FRICA ! #ONTINENT OF at the BNC was an agreement to establish a stra- (OPE AND /PPORTUNITYv 4)#!$S GUIDING PRINCIPLES tegic dialogue between the two foreign ministers of African ownership and international partner- to further strengthen and enhance the South Afri- ships are entrenched in Nepad values and princi- can-Chinese Strategic Partnership. At the invi- ples. Both TICAD and Nepad place identical obliga- TATION OF -INISTER $LAMINI :UMA -R 9ANG *IECHI tions on African countries and their development Minister of Foreign Affairs of the PRC, visited South partners. Of the eight Nepad Programme of Action !FRICA IN *ANUARY FOR THE INAUGURAL SESSION OF AREAS *APAN HAS IDENTIlED THE FOLLOWING FOUR AS the Strategic Dialogue. immediate priority areas: 3EVERAL HIGH LEVEL MEETINGS TOOK PLACE IN s INFRASTRUCTURE 3OUTH !FRICA HAS ALSO CONlRMED ITS PARTICIPATION s AGRICULTURE IN THE 3HANGHAI 7ORLD %XPO WHICH WILL BE HELD IN s MARKET ACCESS TRADE AND INVESTMENT PROMO- 4HE 7ORLD %XPO WITH ITS YEAR HISTORY IS TION AS WELL AS PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT regarded as the Olympic Games of the economy s (2 DEVELOPMENT AND 34 AND IS SCHEDULED TO RUN FROM -AY TO /CTOBER %CONOMIC AND TRADE RELATIONS The Koreas between South Africa and the PRC have grown !S PART OF +OREAS CONTRIBUTION TO *IPSA THE COUNTRY rapidly since the formal establishment of diplo- has offered a number of skills-training opportuni- MATIC RELATIONS YEARS AGO ties to the South African youth. Negotiations towards a bilateral air services South Asia AGREEMENT WERE HELD IN 3EOUL IN EARLY IN AN South Africa and Afghanistan established diplo- attempt to reach an agreement, which if agreed MATIC RELATIONS IN 3EPTEMBER 3OUTH !FRICA to, may put into place a direct flight between the never recognised the former Taliban regime two capitals. There has been a notable increase in and has normalised relations with the current the number of Koreans visiting South Africa since 'OVERNMENT 4HE 3OUTH !FRICA ,IAISON /FlCE FOR
256 !FGHANISTAN WAS ESTABLISHED IN HEADED NON Singapore is an important member of the Indian residentially by the South African high commis- /CEAN 2IM )/2 OF WHICH 3OUTH !FRICA IS A MEMBER sioner to Pakistan. Singapore has also played a leading role in formu- South Africa and Sri Lanka established diplo- lating the NAASP. This partnership mandated all MATIC RELATIONS IN Asian and African countries to give expression to )N !PRIL FORMER 0RESIDENT -BEKI PAID AN their political relations by expanding trade and OFlCIAL VISIT TO )NDIA WHERE HE LED A SENIOR 3OUTH economic relations. African government delegation to the inaugural 6IETNAM PLAYS AN INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT ROLE Africa-India Partnership Summit. in South-east Asia and has vast economic poten- (EADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT FROM 3OUTH tial and opportunities for mining, infrastructure Africa, DRC, Ghana, Kenya, Senegal, Uganda, development, and agricultural and manufacturing :AMBIA "URKINA &ASO %THIOPIA %GYPT ,IBYA companies. Algeria, Tanzania and Nigeria as well as the chair- South Africa believes that there is large poten- person of the AU Commission participated along- tial for economic relations and especially for the side Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in the private sector to take up business opportunities summit that considered modalities to strengthen IN 6IETNAM 4HERE ARE MANY LONG TERM TRADE AND the co-operation between Africa and India. investment opportunities for South African compa- 7HILE IN )NDIA FORMER 0RESIDENT -BEKI VISITED NIES IN THAT COUNTRY %CONOMIC RELATIONS WITH Indian President Pratibha Patil and held discus- Malaysia and Indonesia remain important, due to sions with the incoming chairperson of the AU, Malaysian investment in South Africa and the size 4ANZANIAN 0RESIDENT *AKAYA +IKWETE )NDIA IS of the Indonesian market. AMONG THE TOP INVESTING COUNTRIES IN 3OUTH Malaysia has indicated its support for Nepad Africa. Several South African and Indian businesses and has sought to promote the Malaysian-initiated BELONG TO THE )NDO 3OUTH !FRICA #%/S "USINESS &ORUM Langkawi International Dialogue aimed at expan- THAT WAS ESTABLISHED IN TO HELP STIMULATE TRADE ding co-operation among countries of the South, and investment between the two countries. including those in southern Africa. The existence of opportunities for closer co- President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from operation between South Africa and India have Indonesia paid a state visit to South Africa in BEEN IDENTIlED IN THE CAPITAL EQUIPMENT AGROPRO -ARCH cessed products, autos and components, services, )#4 34 HEALTH AND 3--% SECTORS Taiwan Diplomatic relations between South Africa and 4HE lFTH SESSION OF THE 3OUTH !FRICA 4AIWAN 0AKISTAN WERE ESTABLISHED IN !PRIL ! LETTER Dialogue Forum took place in South Africa in OF UNDERSTANDING ESTABLISHING A JOINT COMMIS- .OVEMBER 4HE DIALOGUE FORUM SERVES AS A SION *# BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES WAS SIGNED vehicle for technical co-operation between South IN 4HE LIFTING OF THE #OMMONWEALTH SUSPEN- !FRICA AND 4AIWAN IN THE lELDS OF TRADE AND INVEST- sions that had been imposed on Pakistan paved MENT HEALTH 34 EDUCATION TELECOMMUNICATIONS the way for the normalisation of South Africa’s and arts and culture co-operation. relations with that country, and created the oppor- tunity to engage on issues of mutual interest. Central Asia 4HE lRST SESSION OF THE 3OUTH !FRICA 0AKI- The economies of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turk- STAN "ILATERAL *# WAS HELD IN )SLAMABAD IN MENISTAN +YRGYZSTAN AND 4AJIKISTAN ARE ALL AT -ARCH various stages of change and development. %CONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR 3OUTH !FRICA IN THE South-east Asia Central Asian states include infrastructure develop- 4HE !SSOCIATION OF 3OUTH %AST !SIAN .ATIONS ment, mining technology, energy exploitation and !SEAN HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPOR- related mining and engineering technology, agro- TANT GROUPINGS WITHIN THE !SIA 0ACIlC REGION 3OUTH processing expertise and exports, water-manage- Africa maintains embassies and high commissions ment expertise, and infrastructure for adventure IN SIX OF THE MEMBER STATES OF !SEAN n )NDO- and ecotourism. NESIA -ALAYSIA 3INGAPORE 4HAILAND 6IETNAM AND the Philippines. These Asean states and Myanmar Australasia and the Pacific islands "URMA ALSO MAINTAIN EMBASSIES AND HIGH South Africa and Australia established diplomatic commissions in South Africa. RELATIONS IN AND ENJOY VERY CLOSE POLITICAL AND
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 257 FOREIGN RELATIONS economic ties. As campaigns for the international !RABIA THE 5NITED !RAB %MIRATES 5!% )RAN AND ISOLATION OF 3OUTH !FRICA INTENSIlED IN THE S Yemen. AND S SUCCESSIVE !USTRALIAN GOVERNMENTS 4HE -IDDLE %AST IS AN IMPORTANT ECONOMIC REGION PLACED !USTRALIA lRMLY IN THE ANTI APARTHEID CAMP AS IT OCCUPIES A UNIQUE GEOPOLITICAL POSITION IN THE supporting UN resolutions against apartheid and TRICONTINENTAL HUB OF %UROPE !SIA AND !FRICA implementing the oil, trade and arms embargo as )T IS THE SOURCE OF OF THE WORLDS PETROLEUM well as a sports boycott against South Africa. reserves and commands two of the most strate- New Zealand maintains a high commission in gically important waterways in the world, namely Pretoria, while the high commission in Canberra the Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, giving represents South Africa in New Zealand. access to the Asian hinterland via the Gulf of 3INCE POLITICAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL LINKS !QABA 3OUTH !FRICA PLACES STRONG EMPHASIS ON THE between the two countries have improved signi- expansion of diplomatic representation and activi- lCANTLY )N THE #APE 4OWN #OMMUNIQUE ties in this region, where it was formerly under- was signed, seeking to strengthen co-operation represented, particularly in the area of trade, which between South Africa and New Zealand. HAS GROWN SIGNIlCANTLY SINCE 3OUTH !FRICA The political relationship has been further HAS EMBASSIES IN OF THE COUNTRIES IN THE strengthened through visits by numerous high- REGIONS )RAN )SRAEL *ORDAN +UWAIT /MAN 0ALES- level delegations to New Zealand to gain expertise TINE 1ATAR 3AUDI !RABIA 3YRIA AND 5!% 4HERE ARE IN THEIR DIFFERENT lELDS AND TO EXCHANGE KNOWLEDGE also two subordinate consular missions in the to enhance capacity-building in central, provincial REGION NAMELY IN $UBAI 5!% AND *EDDAH 3AUDI and local-government structures. !RABIA /F THE -IDDLE %AST COUNTRIES HAVE 3OUTH !FRICA AND .EW :EALAND ENJOY WIDE RAN embassies in South Africa – only Bahrain is not ging multilateral relations. Both are members of represented in this country. THE 6ALDIVIA 'ROUP WHICH AIMS TO PROMOTE SOUTH- 4HE 3OUTH !FRICAN CONSULATE GENERAL IN *EDDAH ern hemisphere views in international environmen- in addition to performing important functions rela- TAL MEETINGS AND ENHANCE SCIENTIlC CO OPERATION ting to the promotion of trade, also serves 4HEY ENJOY A CLOSE WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITHIN members of the South African Muslim community the context of the Antarctic Treaty and Indian Ocean on their annual pilgrimage to Mecca. More than 7 lSHERIES AND ALSO INTERACT WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE 3OUTH !FRICANS EMBARK ON THE (AJJ PILGRIMAGE 74/ AND THE #AIRNS 'ROUP each year. South Africa and New Zealand also work closely 3OUTH !FRICA SUPPORTS A JUST EQUITABLE AND on Commonwealth issues, particularly those affec- COMPREHENSIVE PEACE PROCESS IN THE -IDDLE %AST ting Africa. The South African Government wants to and an end to the illegal occupation of land that has STRENGTHEN RELATIONS WITH THE 0ACIlC )SLANDS 4HE led to conflict and violence between the peoples of ROVING AMBASSADOR TO THE 0ACIlC )SLANDS HAS BEEN the region. Peace and security for the Israelis and accredited to the Independent State of Papua New the Palestinians cannot be achieved without the 'UINEA THE &IJI ISLANDS AND THE 3OLOMON )SLANDS FULlLMENT OF THE INALIENABLE RIGHT OF THE 0ALESTIN- )N &EBRUARY -INISTER $LAMINI :UMA MET ian people to self-determination within their own HER COUNTERPART FROM .EW :EALAND -R 7INSTON sovereign state. Peters, for bilateral discussions. South Africa has continued to call on all parties The high commissioner in Canberra, Australia, to the conflict in Israel and Palestine to avoid has been accredited to the Cook Islands, Fede- actions that could add to an already volatile situa- rated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Marshall tion. The country has been consistent in calling for )SLANDS THE 2EPUBLIC OF 6ANUATU AND THE )NDEPEN the immediate implementation of the Road Map, dent State of Samoa. without preconditions, to achieve comprehensive and lasting peace between Israel and Palestine. The Middle East Featuring prominently in the Israeli-Palestinian )N THE -IDDLE %AST THE $EPARTMENT OF &OREIGN PEACE PROCESS IS THE 5NITED 3TATES 53 INITIATED Affairs distinguishes between two clearly identi- Annapolis International Conference, which took lABLE SUBREGIONS /N THE ONE HAND THERE IS THE PLACE IN .OVEMBER 3OUTH !FRICA WAS REPRE- ,EVANT WHICH COMPRISES )SRAEL )RAQ *ORDAN sented by Minister Dlamini Zuma. The conference Lebanon, Palestine and Syria; and on the other is called for ongoing negotiations between President the Arabian/Persian Gulf Region, comprising the Mahmoud Abbas of Palestine and Prime Minister member states of the Gulf Co-operation Council, %HUD /LMERT OF )SRAEL AS WELL AS STEERING COMMIT- namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi tees led by Israeli Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni and
258 former Palestinian Prime Minister Ahmed Qurei, to MULTILATERAL EVENTS SUCH AS THE ' AND THE 5NITED REACH lNAL STATUS AGREEMENTS .ATIONS 'ENERAL !SSEMBLY 5.'! In an effort to alleviate the humanitarian situa- )N -AY FORMER 0RESIDENT 'EORGE 7 "USH tion of Palestinians, the South African Government re-authorised the legislation that established the ANNOUNCED ITS INTENTION TO PROVIDE lNANCIAL ASSIST- 0RESIDENTS %MERGENCY 0LAN FOR !)$3 2ELIEF 0EPFAR ANCE TO 0ALESTINE FOR CAPACITY BUILDING PROJECTS Through Pepfar, South Africa was allocated a total The donation will be made annually for a period of OF APPROXIMATELY 2 BILLION 53 MILLION DURING THREE YEARS FROM TO A FOUR YEAR PERIOD )N 3OUTH !FRICA RECEIVED )N &EBRUARY IN #AIRO THE 3OUTH !FRICAN ABOUT 2 BILLION OF WHICH WAS DIRECTLY Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr Dlamini Zuma, disbursed to South African organisations, including together with Mr Amre Moussa, Secretary General dozens of community and faith-based groups. In of the League of Arab States, signed an agreement terms of capacity-building, the visit of the Secre- formalising the establishment of the Arab League TARY OF (EALTH AND (UMAN 3ERVICES -R -ICHAEL /FlCE IN 3OUTH !FRICA 4HE OPENING OF SUCH AN OFlCE ,EAVITT CULMINATED IN PROJECTS THROUGH WHICH THE in South Africa, with full diplomatic privileges, will South African departments of health and of social further promote bilateral relations between South development received US support in the establish- Africa and the Arab countries. ment of training programmes for clinical assist- )N -AY FORMER 0RESIDENT -BEKI LED A HIGH ants. powered government and business delegation to $URING THE 53! REMAINED THE LARGEST DONOR Qatar within the context of South Africa’s priority to of ODA to South Africa and one of the single largest consolidate bilateral political, economic and trade foreign investors in the South African economy. relations with Qatar and the other Gulf States. South Africa is one of the USA’s leading trading %CONOMIC RELATED AGREEMENTS SIGNED WITH partners in Africa, and accounts for the most THE -IDDLE %AST REGION INCLUDE THOSE RELATING TO diverse trade flows. Total trade between the two AIR SERVICES DOUBLE TAXATION AND lSCAL EVASION countries has been increasing steadily in recent health, promotion and reciprocal protection of years, with South Africa maintaining a trade investments and trade. surplus. The USA is South Africa’s second-larg- /N *ULY THE TH MEETING OF THE 3OUTH est trade partner after Germany, and its second- !FRICA )RAN *# WAS HELD IN 4EHRAN )RAN largest export market. South Africa continues Kuwait has become an increasingly impor- TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE BENElTS OF THE !FRICAN tant market for South African exports and several Gowth and Opportunity Act and will continue to +UWAITI COMPANIES HAVE MADE MAJOR MULTIMILLION work towards increasing export volumes and rand investments in the construction and develop- diversifying its product lines. ment of hotels and real estate in South Africa, as An important pillar of South Africa’s bilateral WELL AS ON THE *OHANNESBURG 3ECURITIES %XCHANGE relations is people-to-people interaction. In this regard, a wide range of individuals and institutions Relations with the Americas continue to interact on a regular basis; notably United States of America through the process of engaging the Diaspora, The overall bilateral relationship with the USA increasing training and capacity-building, and remains strong with co-operation expanding on CONCLUDING -O5S IN AREAS SUCH AS 34 EDUCATION MATTERS OF COMMON INTEREST AND MUTUAL BENElT agriculture, sister city agreements, etc. The USA 3INCE BUSINESS CIVILIAN AND GOVERNMEN- is the second-largest source of tourists to South tal links with the USA have expanded. The bilat- Africa. eral relationship has been reviewed on an annual basis within the South Africa-USA Annual Bilateral Canada Forum. The reviews focus on the achievements The annual consultations between South Africa and challenges that have arisen and consider the AND #ANADA lRST LAUNCHED IN AS A RESULT OF WAY FORWARD IN VARIOUS IDENTIlED CATEGORIES OF a Declaration of Intent signed during former Pres- interaction, namely: ident Mbeki’s state visit to Canada, remain an s PEACE BUILDING AND SECURITY effective vehicle for managing relations in all s EXPANSION OF DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM spheres. s SPREADING ECONOMIC GROWTH AND WELL BEING 4HE YEAR HERALDED THE lFTH CONSECU- Direct high-level government-to-govern- tive annual consultations in Pretoria. The agenda ment contact has continued and interactions at had expanded in scope and includes ODA, trade
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 259 FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INVESTMENT AND CO OPERATION IN THE lELDS d’affaires, was established in Trinidad and Tobago OF SPORT ARTS AND CULTURE 34 SAFETY AND SECU- IN rity, minerals and energy, agriculture and trans- 4HE MAJORITY OF THE PEOPLE OF THE #ARIBBEAN ARE port and Africa and multilateral issues. Twelve of African descent and thus have strong histori- South African government departments are now cal and cultural links with the continent of Africa. participating in the annual state consultations 3OUTH !FRICAS ENDEAVOUR IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE plenary, while a further six are participating in the AU to strengthen co-operation between Africa and back-to-back ODA annual consultations between the African Diaspora in the Caribbean, has given South Africa and Canada as arranged in close added impetus to bilateral and multilateral rela- consultation with National Treasury. tions. Co-operation between the various spheres of New governments have recently come to power government is ongoing with a perennial focus IN "ARBADOS "ELIZE AND *AMAICA )N &EBRUARY on skills transfer and capacity-building. A steady #UBAS 0RESIDENT &IDEL #ASTRO RELINQUISHED growth in regular high-level visits in both direc- power to his brother Raul Castro as a result of ill tions further serves to cement and expand the health. CORDIAL AND MUTUALLY BENElCIAL INTERACTION IN ALL Trinidad and Tobago has vast resources of spheres. natural gas and is a manufacturing and transport )N THE lELD OF /$! #ANADA HAS PROVIDED ASSIS hub in the region. In formulating South Africa’s TANCE TOTALLING MORE THAN 53 MILLION SINCE policy in relation to the emerging markets of the WITH ANNUAL SPENDING AVERAGING ABOUT Caribbean, it is important to strengthen relations 53 MILLION SINCE #ANADAS CONTINUED and develop common positions on global issues constructive involvement in South Africa focuses such as access to the markets of the industrial on the strengthening of service-delivery in four North, reform of international institutions and the KEY SECTORS NAMELY ()6 AND !)$3 GOVERNANCE promotion of the development agenda. rural development and regional co-operation. *AMAICA AND 4RINIDAD AND 4OBAGO HAVE ESTAB- In the economic sphere, Canada has become the lished resident missions in South Africa. By second-largest investor in South Africa after the USA MID THE $OMINICAN 2EPUBLIC WAS IN THE and is still in an upward curve. Bombardier invested process of establishing a resident mission in South ABOUT 2 BILLION IN THE 'AUTRAIN AND THE ANNOUNCED Africa and an agreement had been granted to the Rio Tinto/Alcan investment in an aluminium smelter ambassador-designate and to the high commis- AT #OEGA AMOUNTS TO 2 BILLION -INING INVESTMENT SIONER DESIGNATE OF *AMAICA also continues to show positive growth and was The Foreign Affairs Minister of Suriname paid a ESTIMATED TO TOTAL 2 BILLION IN 7ITH SEVERAL VISIT TO 3OUTH !FRICA TO AMONG OTHER THINGS OFl- MAJOR #ANADIAN MINING INVESTMENTS DUE TO COME OFF cially open that country’s diplomatic mission. the ground in the next couple of years, Canadian The sixth session of the South Africa-Cuba investment in South African mining is expected to #ONSULTATIVE &ORUM WAS HELD IN *UNE IN DOUBLE BY 0RETORIA 4HIS HISTORIC EVENT PRECEDED THE lRST South Africa remains Canada’s largest trading Summit of the African, Caribbean, Latin American partner in sub-Saharan Africa. There has been an Leaders and the Diaspora. EXPONENTIAL GROWTH IN TRADE WITH lGURES DOUBLING Accordingly, it laid the basis for the Diaspora to BETWEEN AND play a pivotal role in the renewal of Africa while Annual two-way trade between South Africa simultaneously cementing African-Caribbean- AND #ANADA INCREASED BY MORE THAN IN Latin American solidarity and co-operation. with South African exports to Canada reaching Minister Dlamini Zuma visited Cuba for bilateral MORE THAN 2 BILLION WHILE IMPORTS FROM #ANADA DISCUSSIONS IN !UGUST 4HE MINISTER BRIEFED AMOUNTED TO ABOUT 2 BILLION South Africa’s envoys on regional, continental and international political issues, including the The Caribbean outcomes of the SADC Summit. 3OUTH !FRICA ENJOYS CORDIAL RELATIONS WITH THE COUN- (UMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE OF 2 WAS TRIES OF THE #ARIBBEAN #ARICOM 4HE 3OUTH !FRICAN RESPECTIVELY RENDERED TO (AITI AND "OLIVIA embassy in Cuba is accredited to the Dominican Republic, while the South African high commission Latin America IN +INGSTON *AMAICA IS ACCREDITED TO #ARICOM The South American community of nations covers countries. A high commission, headed by a chargé MILLION SQUARE KILOMETRES WITH MILLION
260 INHABITANTS A GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT '$0 OF )N /CTOBER 0RESIDENT -OTLANTHE $R more than US$973 billion and exports of more Dlamini Zuma and a large delegation of govern- THAN 53 BILLION 4HE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN MENT OFlCIALS AND BUSINESS PEOPLE VISITED )NDIA Central America and the Andean Community are for the third IBSA Summit in New Delhi. The South playing an increasingly important role in interna- African delegation attended the IBSA Summit tional political bodies and formations such as the within the context of advancing South Afri- .ON !LIGNED -OVEMENT .!- UNDER THE 0RESI- ca’s economic interests within the framework of dency of Cuba and the UN. advancing South-South co-operation. Bilateral relations with Latin America and A range of technical and commercial agree- the Caribbean will continue advancing the deve- ments are either in place or being negotiated with lopment agenda of the South and the several of the countries in the region. strengthening of co-operation among developing The inaugural meeting of the South Africa- countries through active participation in group- !RGENTINE *# TOOK PLACE IN 0RETORIA IN &EBRUARY ings of the South at regional, interregional CO CHAIRED BY -INISTER $LAMINI :UMA AND and multilateral levels. A number of impor- HER !RGENTINE COUNTERPART -R *ORGE 4AIANA WITH TANT VISITS FROM ,ATIN !MERICA DURING the second meeting taking place in Buenos Aires provided a platform for closer co-operation. IN *ULY Of particular importance is the need to build 4HE *# WITH "RAZIL ALSO TOOK PLACE DURING stronger and balanced relationships with Latin AS DID THE *OINT #ONSULTATIVE -ECHANISM WITH American countries. Chile. Bilateral relations with Latin America will be /FlCIAL AND STUDY VISITS TO COUNTRIES OF THE 3OUTH- USED TO ENHANCE ECONOMIC SCIENTIlC TECHNI- ERN #ONE BY MINISTERS AND OFlCIALS ARE ONGOING )N cal and business opportunities through bilateral the sphere of defence, for example, the navies of MECHANISMS SUCH *"#S /PPORTUNITIES FOR INTERAC- several Southern Cone countries and South Africa tions with the G5 will be monitored continually. PARTICIPATED JOINTLY IN THE !TLASUR JOINT NAVAL 4HERE IS ALSO SIGNIlCANT POTENTIAL FOR CO OPERA- exercise, contributing to closer institutional ties. TION WITH THE -ERCOSUR 3OUTHERN #OMMON -ARKET )N !UGUST FORMER $EPUTY 0RESIDENT trading bloc, which consists of Argentina, Brazil, Mlambo-Ngcuka visited Mexico. She also led a 0ARAGUAY 5RUGUAY AND 6ENEZUELA AS FULL MEMBERS 3OUTH !FRICAN DELEGATION TO THE TH )NTERNATIONAL 6ENEZUELA STILL TO BE RATIlED BY "RAZIL AND 0ARA- AIDS Conference. GUAY AND A STEADILY INCREASING NUMBER OF ASSOCI- ate members in the Latin American region. A partial Relations with Europe Preferential Trade Agreement with the Merco- European Union (EU) SUR WAS SIGNED IN $ECEMBER WITH NEGOTI- 4HE %5 IS A UNIQUE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION ations regarding outstanding detail completed in COMPRISING MEMBER STATES $EVELOPED PRIMA- MID .EGOTIATIONS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE rily as a single market, it is the largest economy in towards a full FTA. the world with a combined nominal GDP of almost "RAZIL REMAINS A SIGNIlCANT PLAYER IN THE MULTI- € TRILLION IN 4HE %5 HAS A COMMON TRADE lateral context, particularly regarding the interests POLICY A COMMON AGRICULTURAL AND lSHERIES POLICY OF THE 3OUTH 7ITH ITS LIKE MINDED APPROACH TO A AND A REGIONAL POLICY TO ASSIST ITS UNDERDEVE NUMBER OF SIGNIlCANT ISSUES AFFECTING THE DEVELO LOPED REGIONS 4HIRTEEN MEMBER STATES HAVE ALSO ping world, it remains a strategic partner for South ADOPTED A SINGLE CURRENCY THE %URO 4HE %5 HAS Africa. also developed the Common Foreign and Secu- In the bilateral sphere, a broad range of contacts RITY 0OLICY AND THE %UROPEAN 3ECURITY AND $EFENCE and exchanges are ongoing between Brazil and Policy. South Africa. A South African investment recruit- 3INCE BUILDING ON SHARED VALUES AND MENT MISSION VISITED "RAZIL IN *UNE MUTUAL INTERESTS 3OUTH !FRICA AND THE %5 HAVE 4HE )NDIA "RAZIL 3OUTH !FRICA )"3! $IALOGUE developed a comprehensive partnership based on Forum also provides a multilateral mechanism the Trade, Development and Co-operation Agree- for institutionalised engagement. In this context, MENT 4$#! 4HE 4$#! WHICH WAS SIGNED IN South-South co-operation was boosted by the PROVISIONALLY CAME INTO FORCE IN *ANUARY AND )"3! -INISTERIAL -EETING IN 3OMERSET 7EST IN -AY WAS FULLY RATIlED ON -AY GOVERNS 3OUTH WHICH COVERED A BROAD RANGE OF TOPICS AND !FRICAS RELATIONS WITH THE %5 4HROUGH THIS AGREE- COINCIDED WITH THE lRST )"3! JOINT NAVAL EXERCISE ment, a partnership has been built, which rests on
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 261 FOREIGN RELATIONS lVE PILLARS TRADE POLITICAL DIALOGUE DEVELOPMENT *APAN 5KRAINE #HINA )NDIA AND "RAZIL 4HE *OINT co-operation, economic co-operation and co-ope- !CTION 0LAN FOR THE 3OUTH !FRICAN %5 3TRATE- ration in other areas. gic Partnership develops a strategic partnership &OLLOWING A REVIEW IN WHICH WAS THAT SIGNIlCANTLY ENHANCES EXISTING CO OPERATION CONDUCTED IN TERMS OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF ARTICLES including most notably at summit level, on issues AND OF THE 4$#! CALLING FOR A REVIEW WITHIN of mutual interest at bilateral, regional, continental lVE YEARS OF ITS ENTRY INTO FORCE 3OUTH !FRICA AND or global level. One of the guiding principles for the THE %5 EMBARKED ON NEGOTIATING NEW TEXTS DURING strategic partnership is that it must support South UNDER TITLES ) Political Dialogue )6 Economic Africa’s national, regional and African priorities Co-operation 6 Development Co-operation 6) and programmes to eradicate poverty and under- Other Areas of Co-operation AND 6)) Financial DEVELOPMENT SUCH AS !SGI3! *IPSA AND "ROAD Aspects of Co-operation OF THE AGREEMENT &OLLOW- "ASED "LACK %CONOMIC %MPOWERMENT "%% 4HIS ING UP TO lVE ROUNDS OF EXTENSIVE NEGOTIATIONS IN IS FURTHER EMPHASISED IN THE STATED OBJECTIVE OF THE some of the negotiating groups, agreement was development partnership between South Africa and REACHED ON NEW TEXTS IN /CTOBER WHEN THE %5 TO DEVELOP THE 3ECOND %CONOMY AND TO LINK the two chief negotiators initialled agreed texts for IT MORE CLOSELY TO THE &IRST %CONOMY 4HE BROADER 35 new and revised articles. The revised agree- POLICY DIALOGUE WITH THE %5 AND ITS MEMBER STATES MENT WAS EXPECTED TO BE SIGNED DURING includes the sharing of experiences of the regional 3OUTH !FRICA AND THE %5 AGREED AT THE *OINT POLICY OF THE %5 EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS #O OPERATION #OUNCIL *## TO BUILD ON THE STRONG macroeconomic dialogue and education and trai- and productive relations underpinned by the TDCA ning. by working towards a truly strategic partnership The strategic partnership does not replace but based on an open and concrete dialogue, pursued RATHER BUILDS UPON THE 4$#! )N TWO 3OUTH on the basis of mutual understanding and owner- !FRICAN %5 MINISTERIAL TROIKAS WERE HELD UNDER THE SHIP OF THE PROCESS !S A CONSEQUENCE THE *OINT NEW STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP 4HE lRST ANNUAL SUMMIT !CTION 0LAN FOR THE 3OUTH !FRICAN %5 3TRATEGIC UNDER THE PARTNERSHIP TOOK PLACE IN *ULY 0ARTNERSHIP WAS ADOPTED ON -AY AT THE Implementation of the TDCA’s trade provisions 3OUTH !FRICAN %5 -INISTERIAL 4ROIKA MEETING HELD IN HAS BEEN UNDERWAY SINCE WITH THE AIM OF Brussels, Belgium. establishing an FTA between South Africa and the 4HE %5 HAS DEVELOPED STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS %5 BY 4OTAL TRADE HAS DEVELOPED CONSIDE WITH MAJOR ACTORS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC AND POLIT- RABLY OVER THE PAST DECADE )N 3OUTH !FRICAS ical spheres, including the USA, Canada, Russia, EXPORTS TO THE %5 AMOUNTED TO 2 BILLION 4HE %5 RANKED AS 3OUTH !FRICAS NUMBER ONE EXPOR 4HE %UROPEAN 5NION %5 3OUTH !FRICA 3UMMIT TING REGION FOR AND 3OUTH !FRICAS TOTAL WAS HELD IN *ULY IN "ORDEAUX &RANCE )N IMPORTS FROM THE %5 AMOUNTED TO 2 BILLION IN A JOINT STATEMENT OF THE %UROPEAN #OMMIS- i ALSO RANKING NUMBER ONE sion by the former President of South Africa, As a member of the SADC and the world’s oldest Mr Thabo Mbeki, President of France, Mr Nicolas Sarkozy, and customs union, the Sacu, South Africa is parti- 0RESIDENT *OSE -ANUEL "ARROSO THE PRESIDENTS WELCOMED THAT CIPATING IN THE NEGOTIATION OF THE 3!$# %CONOMIC since the establishment of a strategic partnership between 0ARTNERSHIP !GREEMENT %0! WITH THE %5 4HE REVI- 3OUTH !FRICA AND THE %5 IN -AY BILATERAL RELATIONS HAVE sion of the trade chapter of the TDCA has, there- DEVELOPED INTO AN ENHANCED MUTUALLY BENElCIAL PARTNERSHIP FORE BEEN FULLY SUBSUMED INTO THE 3!$# %0! based on strengthened political dialogue and co-operation in PROCESS 4HE 3!$# %0! NEGOTIATING FRAMEWORK a wide range of economic and other areas. The partnership is WAS PRESENTED IN -ARCH BY THE PARTICIPAT- a reflection of the shared values and interests of South Africa ing member states of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, AND THE %5 AND AN INSTRUMENT FOR BOTH SIDES TO JOINTLY PURSUE -OZAMBIQUE .AMIBIA 3OUTH !FRICA 3WAZILAND their commitment to promote liberty, peace, security and stabil- AND 4ANZANIA !N %5 RESPONSE WAS PRESENTED TO ITY IN THE WORLD AND !FRICA IN PARTICULAR 4HE PRESIDENTS IDENTIlED THE 3!$# %0! NEGOTIATING FORUM IN -ARCH the following possible areas for enhanced bilateral co-operation after which full-scale negotiations began. in future: energy, space, transport, health, information commu- 3OUTH !FRICA AND THE %5 HAVE SIGNED TWO SEPA- nications technology, migration and social dialogue. They also rate agreements on wine and on spirits. South WELCOMED THE ADOPTION BY THE %5 OF THE %5 !GENDA FOR !CTION !FRICA HAS NOT RATIlED THESE AGREEMENTS PENDING on the Millennium Development Goals. the conclusion of negotiations on South African
262 TRADEMARKS AND %5 GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATORS African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) .EGOTIATIONS TO CONCLUDE A lSHERIES AGREEMENT States – European Union relations have been abandoned. South Africa assumed full membership of the ACP 4HE EARLIEST AGREEMENT WITH THE %5 IS THE 34 GROUP OF COUNTRIES IN )T BECAME A QUALIlED !GREEMENT WHICH FACILITATED ACCESS BY MEMBER OF THE ,OMÏ #ONVENTION IN AND OF 3OUTH !FRICAN RESEARCHERS INTO THE %5S &RAME- its successor, the Cotonou Partnership Agreement WORK 0ROGRAMME n THE MAIN INSTRUMENT OF THE %5 #0! SIGNED IN #OTONOU IN *UNE for funding excellence-based research. The CPA is a framework for co-operation Through regular and concerted marketing of BETWEEN THE COUNTRIES OF THE !#0 GROUP AND 3OUTH !FRICAS 34 EXPERTISE IN %UROPE AS WELL THE %5 4HE NEW %5 MEMBERS THAT ACCEDED IN as the fostering of strategic partnerships with -AY ADOPTED THE AGREEMENT AS PART OF THE KEY %UROPEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2$ %5S LEGISLATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE organisations, South African researchers secured 1UALIlED MEMBERSHIP MEANS THAT 3OUTH !FRICA PARTICIPATION IN ALMOST 3IXTH &RAMEWORK is excluded from the trade regime provided in 0ROGRAMME PROJECTS RESULTING IN DIRECT %URO- the agreement and from the provisions on ODA. pean investment of € MILLION INTO 3OUTH !FRICAN 3OUTH !FRICA CAN HOWEVER TENDER FOR PROJECTS IN research and enabling South African participa- all ACP countries and participate fully in all politi- TION IN CUTTING EDGE %UROPEAN 2$ PROJECTS WORTH cal instruments of the agreement. South Africa’s more than € MILLION ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THE %5 ARE GOVERNED BY 7ITH REGARD TO DEVELOPMENT CO OPERATION THE the TDCA. #OUNTRY 3TRATEGY 0APER #30 BETWEEN 3OUTH 4HE #0! DIFFERS SIGNIlCANTLY FROM ITS PREDECES- !FRICA AND THE %5 FOR TO IS THE JOINTLY SOR IN THAT ITS DURATION WILL BE YEARS WITH A agreed framework for development co-operation REVISION CLAUSE EVERY lVE YEARS AND A lNANCIAL and implementation. It was drawn up by South PROTOCOL FOR EACH lVE YEAR PERIOD 4HE AGREEMENT !FRICA THE %UROPEAN #OMMISSION %# AND %5 underscores the importance of regional economic member states. co-operation. It is innovative in the sense that it constitutes The most far-reaching changes are to be intro- A JOINT ANALYSIS BETWEEN PARTNERS IE MEMBER DUCED IN THE AREA OF TRADE THROUGH REGIONAL %0!S STATES AND THE COMMISSION ON 3OUTH !FRICAS where non-reciprocal preferences will be gradu- DEVELOPMENTAL NEEDS AND A JOINT STRATEGY TO ally abolished and regional integration processes address these needs. The goal of development encouraged. One of the key aspects of South Afri- co-operation will be poverty alleviation in the ca’s membership of the ACP is its active partici- context of sustainable development, in line with PATION IN THE THREE !#0 %5 JOINT POLITICAL ORGANS THE 3OUTH !FRICAN 'OVERNMENTS POLICY OBJECTIVES NAMELY THE #OUNCIL OF -INISTERS THE *OINT 0ARLIA- namely to: mentary Assembly and the Committee of Ambas- s PROMOTE PRO POOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH sadors. INCLUDING IN THE 3ECOND %CONOMY South Africa takes part in dialogue on impor- s IMPROVE THE CAPACITY AND PROVISION OF BASIC tant issues such as peace-building, conflict reso- SERVICES FOR THE POOR INCLUDING ()6 AND !)$3 lution, respect for human rights, democratic prin- and education ciples and the rule of law. South Africa regularly s PROMOTE GOOD GOVERNANCE participates in ACP summits, Council of Ministers’ 4HE #30 SETS OUT A JOINT RESPONSE STRATEGY WHICH meetings, trade ministers’ meetings and the ACP is then implemented through the Multi-Indicative &ORUM ON 34 Programme. It is much wider in scope than a tradi- 4HE INTEREST AND COMMITMENT SHOWN BY THE %5 tional development strategy, as it aims to develop regarding the African continent and its develop- the TDCA, in the medium term, into a strategic MENT IS ENCOURAGING 7ITHIN THAT CONTEXT THE %# PARTNERSHIP IN EVERY AREA 4HE %5 IS 3OUTH !FRICAS and the Nepad Secretariat are closely co-ope- largest development partner representing about rating through established structures and regular OF ALL /$! 4HE lNANCIAL ENVELOPE APPROVED dialogue and information-sharing. They have FOR 3OUTH !FRICA FOR TO IS € MILLION also agreed to increase coherence between 4HE %UROPEAN )NVESTMENT "ANK HAS ALSO APPROVED %5 MEMBER STATES AND THE %# IN SUPPORT OF a loan mandate of € MILLION FOR 3OUTH .EPAD PROJECTS THE !5 AND ITS INSTITUTIONS AND Africa after considerable lobbying by the South THE 2%#S African Government.
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 263 FOREIGN RELATIONS Benelux countries 'ERMANY RANKS WITH THE 5NITED +INGDOM 5+ The Benelux countries remain important trade and and the USA among the three largest economic INVESTMENT PARTNERS OF 3OUTH !FRICA AND MAJOR role-players in South Africa regarding trade, invest- tourist-providers. MENT lNANCE AND TOURISM -AJOR INVESTMENTS BY 3OUTH !FRICA ENJOYS CLOSE POLITICAL RELATIONS WITH 'ERMAN COMPANIES INCLUDE "-7 $AIMLER#HRYSLER the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg and 6OLKSWAGEN 3IEMENS "AYER AND &ERROSTAAL engages in substantial and fruitful co-operation )N &EBRUARY THE 'ERMAN -INISTER OF partnerships with these countries. %DUCATION AND 2EASEARCH $R !NETTE 3CHAVAN The focus on establishing trilateral co-operation visited South Africa as the guest of the Minister of to promote peace, security and economic diplo- Science and Technology Mr Mosibudi Mangena. macy are continuing, with special emphasis on She was accompanied by a large delegation of INITIATIVES IN SUPPORT OF *IPSA AND !SGI3! SCIENTIlC EXPERTS AND REPRESENTATIVES FROM INDUS- The Belgian Government continues to take a TRY TO ENHANCE TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIlC CO OPERA- keen interest in South and southern Africa, and the tion and skills transfers. Great Lakes Region, particularly the DRC. There is Relations between South Africa and Switzerland a regular exchange of views between South Africa HAVE CONTINUED TO GROW SINCE !S A RESULT OF and Belgium on the issues and the complicated democratic changes in South Africa, Switzerland PROCESSES NECESSARY TO lND DURABLE SOLUTIONS TO decided to grant South Africa special status on the the conflicts in the region. Swiss foreign-policy agenda as one of the focus )N /CTOBER THE SECOND SESSION OF THE AREAS FOR 3WISS INTERESTS OUTSIDE %UROPE "ELGIUM 3OUTH !FRICA *# WAS HELD IN 0RETORIA WITH )N $ECEMBER -INISTER -ANGENA SIGNED the focus on bilateral political and economic rela- THE !GREEMENT ON 3CIENTIlC #O OPERATION WITH tions, promotion of the African Agenda, develop- Switzerland. ment co-operation and co-operation within the )N -ARCH -INISTER $LAMINI :UMA HELD context of the United Nations Security Council bilateral political, economic and trade discussions 5.3# with her Swiss counterpart, Ms Micheline Calmy- Co-operation with Flanders is strong on AsgiSA Rey. AND *IPSA ESPECIALLY IN THE AREAS OF SKILLS DEVELOP- 4HE 3OUTH !FRICA 3WITZERLAND *OINT 7ORKING MENT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF 3--%S 'ROUP MEETING WAS HELD IN -AY IN "ERNE The Dutch Government has consistently Switzerland. supported South Africa in terms of bilateral and Bilateral relations with the Republic of Austria multilateral relations. A large number of bilateral ARE SOUND %CONOMIC RELATIONS WERE SIGNIlCANTLY agreements have been signed and high-level bila- STRENGTHENED DURING THE VISIT IN 3EPTEMBER TERAL MINISTERIAL MEETINGS ARE HELD FREQUENTLY by a South African business delegation. )N !PRIL FORMER $EPUTY 0RESIDENT -LAMBO This was followed by a visit by a delegation .GCUKA LED A GOVERNMENT DELEGATION ON AN OFlCIAL of the Austrian Chamber of Commerce. Besides visit to the Netherlands. Luxembourg and South engaging the Austrian Government at national level !FRICA ENJOY GOOD BILATERAL RELATIONS (IGH LEVEL in support of development programmes, increased visits between the two states take place regularly. economic involvement, and support for the African Agenda, provincial partnerships with key Austrian German-speaking countries provinces have also resulted in increased busi- 3INCE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 3OUTH !FRICA ness ties and commitments to support training and Germany has developed into a strong socio- programmes for South African students. Closer economic and political partnership that has shown CO OPERATION IN THE lELD OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IS considerable growth in many areas. excpected to intensify in the future. Germany has made substantial new invest- )N !PRIL -INISTER $LAMINI :UMA HELD BILAT- ments in the South African economy since the eral political, economic and trade discussions with DEMOCRATIC ELECTION AND REMAINS ONE OF THE her Austrian counterpart, Ms Ursula Plassnik, in country’s most important trading partners. Since 6IENNA ITS INCEPTION IN THE 3OUTH !FRICA 'ERMAN ".# HAS BECOME THE MOST SIGNIlCANT INSTRUMENT Nordic countries through which bilateral relations are conducted. 3OUTH !FRICA ENJOYS EXCELLENT RELATIONS WITH ALL 4HE EXTENT OF CO OPERATION AND JOINT INITIATIVES IS THE .ORDIC COUNTRIES $ENMARK &INLAND )CELAND substantial. .ORWAY AND 3WEDEN &LOWING FROM THE STRONG
264 grassroots support in these countries for demo- the third position in terms of South African exports. cratisation in South Africa, relations have been 7ITH THE NUMBER OF TOURISTS PER YEAR APPROACHING ESTABLISHED IN VIRTUALLY EVERY lELD AT BOTH PUBLIC half a million, the UK is also South Africa’s most AND OFlCIAL LEVELS 4HE SCOPE OF .ORDIC DEVELOP- important overseas tourism market. MENT CO OPERATION IS BROAD AND HAS BENElTED CIVIL 3OUTH !FRICA RECEIVES ABOUT 2 BILLION /$! PER society and government. YEAR WHICH ACCOUNTS FOR AROUND OF THE 3OUTH Relations in the international arena have seen African total budget per annum. The UK, through close co-operation on multilateral issues. The its Department for International Development Nordic countries are strong supporters of Nepad. $&)$ AS IMPLEMENTING ARM SEEKS TO PROMOTE They are directly involved in conflict resolution development and reduce poverty in Africa. The AND RECONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN !FRICA AND HAVE UK took the lead initiatives in putting the plight of ALREADY ENTERED INTO TRILATERAL PROJECTS WITH 3OUTH !FRICA ON THE AGENDA OF THE ' DISCUSSIONS HELD IN !FRICA SUCH AS IN THE $2# )N -ARCH -INISTER THE 5+ IN ADVOCATING FOR ADDITIONAL RESOURCE $LAMINI :UMA JOINED .ORDIC AND !FRICAN FOREIGN REQUIREMENTS TO TACKLE POVERTY AND VULNERABILITY ministers at the seventh session of the Nordic- in Africa and “make poverty history”. African Informal Foreign Ministerial Meeting in South Africa’s relationship with the UK covers Gaborone, Botswana. a very wide spectrum and remains sound. The They discussed, among other things, climate main areas of co-operation are political, trade change and its effects on Africa, peace and secu- AND INVESTMENT SECURITY DEFENCE lNANCE rity challenges in Africa and UN issues. tourism and other technical sectors. The defence 0RIME -INISTER *ENS 3TOLTENBERG OF .ORWAY relationship remains important for the strategic PAID A WORKING VISIT TO 3OUTH !FRICA IN !PRIL interest of both countries. The UK contributed AND SIGNED A *OINT $ECLARATION ON #LIMATE #HANGE 2 MILLION TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE 3OUTH AND %NERGY )SSUES WITH FORMER $EPUTY 0RESIDENT African National Peace Mission Training Centre in Mlambo-Ngcuka. The Sweden-South Africa Busi- Pretoria. In the multilateral arena, good working NESS "REAKFAST 3EMINAR WAS HELD IN !PRIL relations exist between South Africa and the UK, The purpose of the seminar, which was hosted by where challenges are dealt with as they appear. THE $EPARTMENT OF 4RADE AND )NDUSTRY IN CONJUNC- The eighth meeting of the South Africa-UK tion with the Swedish Trade Council, Swedish "ILATERAL &ORUM WAS HELD IN 0RETORIA IN *ULY %MBASSY AND "USINESS 5NITY 3OUTH !FRICA WAS TO strengthen economic and trade relations between Irish Prime Minister, Mr Bertie Ahern, paid a Sweden and South Africa. WORKING VISIT TO 3OUTH !FRICA IN *ANUARY It focused on issues of common interest for the ACCOMPANIED BY ABOUT )RISH BUSINESSES INVES- Swedish and the South African Business Commu- TIGATING INVESTMENT AND JOINT VENTURE OPPORTUNI- nity such as the general business climate in South ties in South Africa. Africa, possibilities and partnerships around )N &EBRUARY FORMER $EPUTY 0RESIDENT "%% AND THE BROADER ECONOMIC CO OPERA- Mlambo-Ngcuka launched the Irish and South tion between South Africa and Sweden. !FRICAN (ERITAGE 0ROJECT AT THE .ELSON -ANDELA Gateway to Robben Island in Cape Town. The United Kingdom and Ireland PROJECT IS BASED ON HISTORICAL RESEARCH OF BILATERAL The UK is one of the largest foreign direct inves- relations that both Ireland and South Africa have tors into South Africa and consistently occupies SHARED SINCE 4HE PROJECT WILL EXTEND RELA- tions between the two countries, through poten- )N *UNE 3OUTH !FRICA AND THE GOVERN- tial exchange programmes on e-schools, where ments of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway students from the two countries would partici- and Sweden signed a Declaration of Intent i pate. concerning partnerships in Africa. The Decla- Former Deputy President Mlambo-Ngcuka ration of Intent means they will work together based on the VISITED )RELAND IN !PRIL TO FOLLOW UP ON principles of: !SGI3! AND *IPSA PROJECTS DISCUSSED DURING HER s OWNERSHIP .OVEMBER VISIT TO $UBLIN s ALIGNMENT s HARMONISATION Mediterranean Europe s MANAGING FOR RESULTS South Africa and the countries of Mediterra- s MUTUAL ACCOUNTABILITY NEAN %UROPE MAINTAIN EXCELLENT RELATIONS THROUGH
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 265 FOREIGN RELATIONS several institutionalised mechanisms such as Africa, which plays a positive and constructive the South Africa-France Political Dialogue, South role in the reconstruction and development of Africa-Spain annual consultations and various THIS COUNTRY 4HE (ELLENIC COMMUNITY IN 3OUTH commissions on trade and industry; health; !FRICA IS ESTIMATED AT EDUCATION ARTS CULTURE AND 34 AND SPORT )N *ANUARY THE $EPUTY -INISTER OF These countries are among South Africa’s top Foreign Affairs, Ms Sue van der Merwe, hosted trading partners and remain large investors in the the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the South African economy, providing not only capital (ELLENIC 2EPUBLIC -R 4HEODOROS +ASSIMIS FOR INmOW BUT ALSO THOUSANDS OF JOBS -EDITERRANEAN bilateral political and economic discussions. %UROPE HAS EXCELLED IN PROVIDING SEVERAL OPPOR- Greece is the oldest and the largest market for TUNITIES FOR TRAINING IN TERMS OF *IPSA THROUGH 3OUTH !FRICA IN THE "ALKAN REGION 7HILE 'REECE government and business interventions. IS NOT A MAJOR DONOR COUNTRY IT HAS CONTRIBUTED President Nicolas Sarkozy of France, accompa- to programmes in education and health in South nied by a large government and business delega- !FRICA 4HESE INCLUDE A 53 DONATION TO A tion, paid a state visit to South Africa in February HEALTH CLINIC IN 3EBOKENG AND A 53 DONA- $URING THE VISIT HE ADDRESSED 0ARLIAMENT tion to sports facilities in Soweto and Alexandra. Both presidents attended the South Africa-France Business Forum to enhance economic ties at Central Europe the highest level. South Africa and France also Former Deputy President Mlambo-Ngcuka paid an co-operate in various multilateral forums, particu- OFlCIAL VISIT TO THE #ZECH 2EPUBLIC AND THE 2EPUBLIC larly to improve peace and security on the African OF 3LOVAKIA IN -AY continent and support the advancement of global 4HE VISIT WAS THE lRST BY A 3OUTH !FRICAN $EPUTY governance. (EAD OF 3TATE TO THE #ZECH 2EPUBLIC AND 3LOVA- )N *UNE -INISTER $LAMINI :UMA MET WITH KIA SINCE THE 6ELVET 2EVOLUTION AND THE SEPERA- her French counterpart, Ms Bernard Koucher, in TION OF THE TWO STATES IN 4HE VISIT PROVIDED Paris. an opportunity to concretise bilateral relations Italy and South Africa have agreed to deepen the between the two countries. level of exchanges on a number of issues critical to )N *UNE -INISTER $LAMINI :UMA VISITED development on the African continent, especially THE 2EPUBLIC OF 3LOVENIA FOR THE 3OUTH !FRICA %5 REGARDING PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE (ORN OF !FRICA -INISTERIAL 4ROIKA WHICH TOOK PLACE IN ,JUBLJANA 4O and post-conflict reconstruction in the DRC and MEET THE CHALLENGES OF !SGI3! AND *IPSA AND TAKE the Great Lakes Region. Minister Dlamini Zuma full advantage of the new opportunities arising in VISITED )TALY IN 3EPTEMBER TO STRENGTHEN BILAT- #ENTRAL %UROPE IT IS IMPERATIVE FOR 3OUTH !FRICA eral relations. to maintain and further strengthen political and At the invitation of the Spanish Government, economic ties with these countries. Concerted 3OUTH !FRICA PARTICIPATED IN THE :ARAGOZA %XPO efforts are being made by government to develop 3PAIN FROM *UNE TO 3EPTEMBER political and economic relations with the Central !BOUT COUNTRIES FROM THE %5 THE !MERI- %UROPEAN REGION cas and Africa participated in the expo. The expo TOOK PLACE UNDER THE THEME h7ATER AND 3USTAIN- Eastern Europe able Development”. In line with the theme, South Then Deputy President Mlambo-Ngcuka held bilat- African crafters showcased the depth of South eral political, economic and trade discussions with Africa’s craft industry. the First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia, Sergei )N *UNE -INISTER $LAMINI :UMA )VANOV IN -ARCH AT THE 5NION "UILDINGS IN concluded economic bilateral discussions with Pretoria. her Spanish counterpart, Foreign Affairs Minis- (E WAS ACCOMPANIED BY THE 2USSIAN -INISTER TER -IGUEL !NGEL -ORATINOS IN -ADRID %CONOMIC of Natural Resources, Yuri Trutnev who is, together relations between South Africa and Spain have with Minister Dlamini Zuma, the co-chair of the grown at a very rapid pace recently, with total South Africa-Russia Intergovernmental Trade and trade between the two countries amounting to %CONOMIC #OMMITTEE )TEC 4HE INTERSESSIONAL )TEC 2 BILLION HAVING DOUBLED OVER THE PAST meeting laid the basis for the fully fledged Itec, four years. WHICH WAS HOSTED BY 2USSIA IN -AY South Africa and Greece have strong cultural )N .OVEMBER ANOTHER INTERSESSIONAL )TEC TIES THROUGH THE (ELLENIC COMMUNITY IN 3OUTH meeting was held in Durban, South Africa.
266 )N -ARCH "ULGARIAS $EPUTY -INISTER OF peace and security and the multilateral system Foreign Affairs, Mr Feim Chauhev, paid a state of governance. South Africa remains an active visit to South Africa. Bulgaria is one of the new participant in these ongoing efforts to implement MEMBERS OF THE %5 "ULGARIA HAS ALSO HISTORICALLY THE 7ORLD 3UMMIT /UTCOME DOCUMENT TO BEEN VIEWED AS THE GATEWAY TO EASTERN %UROPE reform the UN. It also believes that the multilateral and is known to be one of the stabilising coun- system should be fully engaged in human devel- tries in the Balkans. Diplomatic relations between opment and poverty eradication, starting with the BOTH COUNTRIES STARTED IN AND ECONOMIC RELA- achievement of the MDGs; the common struggle to TIONS NOW STAND AT ABOUT 2 MILLION -ANY AREAS address environmental degradation; the pursuit of in which South Africa can extend its co-operation an overarching human-rights agenda; the promo- HAVE BEEN IDENTIlED n ENERGY TRANSPORT INFRA- tion of democracy and good governance; and all structure development, health and especially agri- efforts to combat terrorism and the proliferation culture. of weapons, both of mass destruction and small )N 3EPTEMBER -INISTER $LAMINI :UMA arms. South Africa maintains that issues such visited Belarus and met her counterpart, Mr Sergei AS THESE POSE MAJOR THREATS TO WORLD PEACE AND Martynov, for bilateral political and economic security. Through participation in organisations discussions. During the discussions, Minis- and groups such as the UN, the AU, the NAM, the ter Dlamini Zuma indicated that a process was G77 and the Commonwealth, South Africa seeks underway to open a South African consul-general TO ENSURE THAT NATIONAL INTERESTS AND OBJECTIVES OFlCE IN "ELARUS WHICH WILL BE UNDER THE SUPERVI- as well as those of the continent and developing sion of the Moscow embassy, aimed at strength- countries generally, are taken on board in discus- ening economic ties between the two countries. sions in multilateral forums and reports. South Africa was represented by former Deputy 0RESIDENT -LAMBO .GCUKA AT THE lRST 4URKEY United Nations General Assembly !FRICA 3UMMIT WHICH TOOK PLACE IN !UGUST South Africa’s priorities for participation in the in Istanbul. UNGA, its main committees and organs, include: The summit was held under the theme: “Soli- s PURSUING AN OVERARCHING HUMAN RIGHTS AGENDA darity and Partnership for a Common Future”. including the right to development The Istanbul Declaration, adopted by the s PROMOTING GLOBAL PEACE AND SECURITY SUMMIT CAPTURES AND PROMOTES .EPAD AND 2%# s PROTECTING AND PROMOTING MULTILATERALISM programmes, in particular focusing on eight areas international law and the centrality of the UN of co-operation: Charter s developing a concrete manifestation of solida- s ADDRESSING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT POVERTY ERADI- rity and partnership for a common future cation and environmental degradation s intergovernmental co-operation s ADVANCING THE ACTIVE FOLLOW UP AND IMPLEMEN- s TRADE INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF 3--%S tation of the MDGs, international development s infrastructure, energy and transport GOALS AND THE OUTCOMES OF MAJOR 5. CONFER- s agriculture, agribusiness, rural development ences and water resources s ADVANCING 3OUTH 3OUTH CO OPERATION THROUGH s culture and education, media and communica- active participation in the NAM and other South- tion, peace and security. South co-operation arrangements s PROMOTING THE REFORM OF THE 5.3# 'ENERAL Multilateral diplomacy !SSEMBLY %COSOCC AND REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS 4HE ADOPTION OF THE 5. 7ORLD 3UMMIT /UTCOME and generally revitalising the UN system DOCUMENT IN .EW 9ORK IN BY MORE THAN s PROMOTING THE #OMMON !FRICA 0OSITION ON THE heads of state and government marked one of the REFORM OF THE 5. INCLUDING THE EQUITABLE REPRE- most prominent efforts to protect and strengthen sentation of Africa on the UNSC multilateralism. s DISARMAMENT ARMS CONTROL AND NON PROLIFERA- %XPECTATIONS OF WHOLESALE CHANGE AND REFORM tion of both weapons of mass destruction and of the UN, however, proved not to be realisti- conventional arms cally attainable. The Review Summit nonetheless s IMPLEMENTING THE *OHANNESBURG 0LAN OF !CTION agreed on a number of reforms to address events OF THE 7ORLD 3UMMIT ON 3USTAINABLE $EVELOP- and issues that continue to undermine global MENT 733$
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 267 FOREIGN RELATIONS s HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE In ensuring the implementation of the Tunis s PROMOTING THE !5 AND .EPAD IN THE 5. CONTEXT Commitment and Tunis Agenda for Information s PROMOTING GENDER MAINSTREAMING Society, as the outcome of the second phase of the s SUPPORTING THE GLOBAL CAMPAIGN AGAINST TERRO 7ORLD 3UMMIT ON THE )NFORMATION 3OCIETY 3OUTH rism. Africa will remain involved in the ongoing discus- )N 3EPTEMBER $R $LAMINI :UMA ADDRESSED sions on Internet governance as well as bridging the UNGA in New York. the digital divide between developed and develo- ping countries. United Nations reform 4HE ADOPTION OF THE 7ORLD 3UMMIT /UTCOME Human rights BY MORE THAN HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERN- A commitment to promoting human rights is one ment, set in motion a number of reforms in the UN of the central considerations in the implementa- system that include: tion of South Africa’s foreign policy. South Africa is s ESTABLISHING A PEACE BUILDING COMMISSION A MAJOR PLAYER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL s ESTABLISHING A HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL human-rights law at the UN, continually evaluating s IMPLEMENTING MANAGEMENT REFORMS IN THE 5. the effectiveness of existing human-rights treaties Secretariat and proposing additional instruments and striving s REVIEWING THE MANDATES OF 5. ACTIVITIES AND to advance the progressive realisation of all human programmes rights, both globally and nationally. s lNALISING THE COMPREHENSIVE #ONVENTION AGAINST South Africa played an active role in the esta- Terrorism and developing a broader counter- BLISHMENT OF THE 5. (UMAN 2IGHTS #OUNCIL 5.(2# terrorism strategy in Geneva, which replaced the former Commission s MAINTAINING AND STRENGTHENING POLITICAL MOMEN- ON (UMAN 2IGHTS 3OUTH !FRICA IS A MEMBER OF THE tum for development. 5.(2# WHERE IT HAS STRONGLY ADVOCATED FOR A TREATY South Africa supports and actively participates in on the right to development as well as sponsored all negotiations. AN (2# RESOLUTION ON THE RECTIlCATION OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE #OMMITTEE ON %CONOMIC 3OCIAL AND United Nations Security Council Cultural Rights, which will elevate the committee The UNSC has primary responsibility for the main- to be on par with all other treaty-monitoring bodies. tenance of international peace and security. It is For the same reason, South Africa has supported organised so as to be able to function continu- the elaboration of an optional protocol to the ously, and a representative of each of its members )NTERNATIONAL #OVENANT ON %CONOMIC 3OCIAL AND must be present at all times at the UN. Cultural Rights to create an individual complaints The comprehensive reform of the UNSC remains mechanism for the covenant, thereby strengthe- work in progress. South Africa was elected as a ning economic, social and cultural rights globally. NON PERMANENT MEMBER OF THE 5.3# IN FOR A 3OUTH !FRICA WAS ONE OF THE lRST COUNTRIES TO SIGN period of two years. and ratify both the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its optional Science and technology protocol, becoming a state party to the Conven- The South African Government has recognised TION IN .OVEMBER )N COMPLIANCE WITH THE THE IMPORTANCE OF HARNESSING 34 AS AN INTEGRAL Convention on the Rights of the Child, South Africa part of a wider political and economic strategy to is preparing the third country report on the status address national and regional development priori- of children’s rights to the UN Committee on the ties. Rights of the Child. ! MAJOR VEHICLE TO ACHIEVE THIS OBJECTIVE IS 3OUTH South Africa is also actively participating in the !FRICAS BID TO HOST THE PROPOSED 3QUARE +ILOMETRE preparatory committees for the Durban Review Array as an extraordinary opportunity for advan- #ONFERENCE WHICH WILL BE HELD IN IN FOLLOW CING 3OUTH !FRICA AND ITS PEOPLE THROUGH SCIENTIlC UP TO THE 7ORLD #ONFERENCE AGAINST 2ACISM 2ACIAL and industrial development, developing regional Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intoler- SCIENTIlC CAPACITY HUMAN CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ANCE WHICH WAS HELD IN 3OUTH !FRICA IN in the region, creating business opportunities and providing state-of-the-art infrastructure for South Humanitarian issues African scientists and engineers as well as those !S A SIGNATORY TO THE 'ENEVA #ONVEN- in the region. TION 2ELATING TO THE 3TATUS OF 2EFUGEES ITS
268 0ROTOCOL AND THE /!5 #ONVENTION 'OVERNING development. International efforts are aimed at THE 3PECIlC !SPECTS OF 2EFUGEE 0ROBLEMS IN !FRICA both the mitigation of climate changes by stabilis- South Africa has committed itself to protecting ING THE CONCENTRATION OF GREENHOUSE GASES '('S refugees. These international treaties have been in the atmosphere and measures to enable coun- DOMESTICATED THROUGH THE 2EFUGEE !CT tries to adapt to the adverse effects of climate !CT OF change. &ULlLLING ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL AND In terms of mitigation, the key negotiation issue domestic law, South Africa played an active role is related to the future of the Kyoto carbon market. in facilitating the voluntary repatriation of Angolan The current period of legally binding commitments refugees from South Africa after peace was OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES EXPIRES IN consolidated in Angola. Given the large number of 4HE TH CONFERENCE OF THE 0ARTIES OF THE refugees in Africa and the critical need for burden- Framework Convention on Climate Change sharing by countries, South Africa also contri- #/0 AND #/0-/0 OF THE +YOTO 0ROTOCOL buted to various initiatives to address these needs, WHICH CONCLUDED IN "ALI )NDONESIA ON $ECEM- INCLUDING A CONTRIBUTION OF 2 MILLION TO THE 5. BER SUCCEEDED IN AGREEING TO LAUNCH NEGO- (IGH #OMMISSION FOR 2EFUGEES 2ETURN AND 2EINTE- tiations towards a strengthened international gration Programme for Sudan. climate-change regime. South Africa’s foreign-policy interventions on The decision includes a clear agenda for the key MIGRATION ARE GUIDED BY ITS ADHERENCE TO THE MAJOR ISSUES TO BE NEGOTIATED UP TO 4HESE ARE international human-rights instruments, including s ACTION FOR ADAPTING TO THE NEGATIVE CONSE- THE 5NIVERSAL $ECLARATION ON (UMAN 2IGHTS AND QUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE the various refugee conventions and conventions s WAYS TO REDUCE MITIGATE '(' EMISSIONS related to, among other things, the rights of women s WAYS TO WIDELY DEPLOY CLIMATE FRIENDLY TECHNO and children. This includes the understanding that logies migration, if properly managed, could contribute s lNANCING BOTH ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION MEA SIGNIlCANTLY TO ENHANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOP- sures. ment in African countries. 4HESE NEGOTIATIONS NEED TO CONCLUDE IN FOR South Africa’s participation in humanitarian THE GOVERNMENTS TO RATIFY THEM BEFORE AND assistance is strongly embedded in the principles TO AVOID ANY GAP BETWEEN THE lRST AND SECOND OF 5.'! 2ESOLUTION AND ITS GUIDING PRINCI- COMMITMENT PERIODS ON THE REDUCTION OF '(' ples of providing humanitarian assistance on the emissions. basis of neutrality, impartiality and humanity. South 3OUTH !FRICA IS lRMLY COMMITTED TO THE PROTEC- Africa plays an active role in providing humanitar- tion of the oceans and the sustainable manage- ian assistance globally, with a particular focus on MENT OF ITS MARINE RESOURCES )T HAS RATIlED ALL THE !FRICAN CONTINENT IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE 5. THE MAJOR TREATIES DEALING WITH MARINE MARITIME and other international organisations, to allevi- lSHERIES AND !NTARCTIC MATTERS SUCH AS THE 5. ate the plight of thousands of victims of natural Convention on the Law of the Sea and its related sudden-onset disasters and complex humanitar- instruments, the International Maritime Conven- ian emergencies. tions, the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation Compliance Agreement, and the Antarctic Treaty. Environment South Africa is committed to maintaining the politi- Disarmament cal momentum gained in the sphere of sustainable South Africa continues to reinforce its position as DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE OUTCOMES OF THE 733$ an active and substantive role-player on disarma- AND THE *OHANNESBURG 0LAN OF )MPLEMENTATION ment, non-proliferation and arms-control issues at 6ARIOUS 5. CONVENTIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT national, regional and international levels. SUCH AS THE 5. #ONVENTION TO #OMBAT $ESERTIl- It actively participated in the various nuclear cation, the UN Framework Convention on Climate disarmament and non-proliferation forums, inclu- Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity DING THE .UCLEAR .ON 0ROLIFERATION 4REATY are used by South Africa to meaningfully reduce .04 2EVIEW #ONFERENCE poverty and, in so doing, meet the aims of the The failure by some states to implement their MDGs. OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE .04 PARTICULARLY ON NUCLEAR Climate change is regarded as one of the DISARMAMENT AND TO ROLL BACK AGREEMENTS MADE MAJOR STUMBLING BLOCKS TO ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE at previous conferences created a climate that
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 269 FOREIGN RELATIONS MADE IT DIFlCULT TO MAKE PROGRESS WITH KEY CHAL- Kimberley Process Certification Scheme lenges facing the nuclear disarmament and non- (KPCS) proliferation regime. The KPCS is a voluntary tripartite international Together with other role-players in the nuclear forum, intent on preventing the use of diamonds lELD 3OUTH !FRICA ACTIVELY PARTICIPATED IN THE in the promotion of conflict, while encouraging the meetings of the policy-making organs of the Inter- contribution of diamonds to prosperity. NATIONAL !TOMIC %NERGY !GENCY )!%! )MPORTANT 4HE +0#3 FORUM COMPRISES ALL MAJOR DIAMOND ISSUES CONSIDERED BY THE )!%! "OARD OF 'OVERNORS producing, -trading and -processing countries, as included the implementation of NPT safeguards in well as the diamond industry and civil society. Iran and Korea. The department participates actively in the South Africa actively participates in the struc- standing bodies of the KPCS. TURES OF THE #HEMICALS 7EAPONS #ONVENTION THE /NE OF THE DEPARTMENTS PRIMARY OBJECTIVES IN "IOLOGICAL AND 4OXIC 7EAPONS #ONVENTION "7# monitoring the KPCS and participating in the busi- and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemi- ness of KPCS standing and ad hoc bodies is to CAL 7EAPONS support government’s efforts to ensure that the South Africa continues to emphasise the impor- collective interests of African diamond-producing TANCE OF THE "7# AND THE NEED TO STRENGTHEN IT TO countries are protected. ADEQUATELY ADDRESS THE THREAT POSED BY THE POSSI- ble use of biological and toxic weapons by terro- North-South co-operation rists and other non-state actors. The Department of Foreign Affairs serves as the 3OUTH !FRICA WAS ADMITTED AS THE lRST focal point for North-South dialogue, engaging key !FRICAN STATE TO JOIN THE 7ASSENAAR !RRANGE- GLOBAL ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS SUCH AS THE 74/ THE MENT CONVENTIONAL ARMS AND DUAL USE TECH- /%#$ AND THE 7ORLD )NTELLECTUAL 0ROPERTY /RGAN- NOLOGY CONTROL REGIME IN $ECEMBER ISATION 4O ACHIEVE THIS OBJECTIVE 3OUTH !FRICA and became a full participating state on ensures that the development agenda remains &EBRUARY part of the focus of key economic forums, particu- In the context of South Africa’s participation in LARLY THE ANNUAL ' 'ROUP OF 3EVEN MOST INDUS- various international arms-control bodies, such as TRIALISED NATIONS PLUS 2USSIA 3UMMIT AND 7ORLD the Nuclear Suppliers Group, the Zangger Commit- %CONOMIC &ORUM MEETINGS tee and the Missile Technology Control Regime, South Africa continues to promote the principle South-South co-operation of access to advanced technologies for peaceful In advancing the development agenda of the South purposes, thereby ensuring that non-proliferation and within the overall context of promoting multi- controls do not become a means whereby deve- lateralism, South Africa participated in the second loping countries are denied access to technologies 3OUTH 3UMMIT IN *UNE IN $OHA 1ATAR REQUIRED FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT Progressively, the importance of South-South co-operation is being acknowledged, especially in Crime and crime prevention terms of global, regional and country-level efforts &OLLOWING ITS RATIlCATION OF THE 5. #ONVEN- to achieve the MDGs. Rather than being a substi- tion against Transnational Organised Crime and tute for North-South co-operation, the modalities its three supplementary protocols: The Protocol of South-South co-operation are complementary. Against Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Air and South African foreign policy seeks to, among Sea; the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish other things, persuade the international commu- 4RAFlCKING IN 0ERSONS ESPECIALLY 7OMEN AND nity to support the efforts of developing countries Children; and the Protocol Against the Illicit Manu- to expand such co-operation. FACTURING OF AND 4RAFlCKING IN &IREARMS THEIR 0ARTS Through active participation in other co-ope- and Components and Ammunition, South Africa ration arrangements such as IBSA, South Africa PARTICIPATED IN THE #ONFERENCE OF THE 0ARTIES #O0 seeks to contribute to strengthening South-South of the Convention against Transnational Organised co-operation and the development of innovative #RIME IN /CTOBER &OLLOWING ITS RATIlCATION co-operation programmes. of the UN Convention against Corruption, South !FRICA PARTICIPATED IN THE lRST #O0 OF THE #ONVEN- Global finance TION AGAINST #ORRUPTION IN The Department of Foreign Affairs has in its engage- MENTS SOLICITED THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO FULlL
270 its Monterrey commitments. It recognises the need The former Minister of Public Service and for increased and more predictable resources for Administration Ms Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi was development. elected vice-president of the second UN Commit- As such, it supports initiatives such as Action TEE OF %XPERTS ON 0UBLIC !DMINISTRATION AND &INANCE !GAINST (UNGER AND 0OVERTY TO IMPLEMENT INNO- FOR THE PERIOD TO VATIVE lNANCING MECHANISMS FOR DEVELOPMENT ON !NOTHER 3OUTH !FRICAN *UDGE -ERVYN +ING WHO a public, private, domestic or external basis, to chaired the King Commission on Corporate Gover- complement ODA. nance in South Africa, has been elected chair- !S ONE OF THE ' COUNTRIES WITHIN THE "RETTON person of a high-level steering panel to evaluate 7OODS )NSTITUTIONS "7)S THE DEPARTMENT CONTRIB- governance in the UN. utes to developing pragmatically the global part- Active participation in administrative and bud- nership between developed and developing coun- getary issues is aimed at ensuring, to the fullest tries. extent possible, that UN programmes as well as 7ITHIN THIS CONTEXT 3OUTH !FRICA IS COMMITTED TO BUDGETARY AND ADMINISTRATIVE PRIORITIES ADEQUATELY the continuous review of the representivity, opera- cater for development and poverty eradication. In TIONS AND STRATEGIES OF THE "7)S AND MORE EFFEC- this regard, priority areas for South Africa include tive participation by developing countries in these the funding of UN structures and programmes that bodies. FOCUS ON !FRICA AND .EPAD AND SUFlCIENT FUNDING for peacekeeping operations on the continent. Social development Furthermore, South Africa continues to play a South African representation on pivotal role in the international arena, particularly United Nations bodies and organs in the promotion of the global health agenda. South Africa strives to be active in all bodies and (AVING SUCCESSFULLY CHAIRED THE ' AND #HINA functional committees of the UN dealing with its 'ROUP DURING THE TH SESSION OF THE 5. #OMMIS- FOREIGN POLICY PRIORITIES OR OBJECTIVES AND THUS sion for Social Development and the 39th session serves on the following: of the UN Commission on Population and Deve- s )NTERNATIONAL #RIMINAL 4RIBUNAL FOR 9UGOSLAVIA LOPMENT 5.#0$ IN 3OUTH !FRICA FURTHER TO *UDGE * -OLOTO advanced the momentum created in both UN s 5.(2# SUCCESSOR TO THE #OMMISSION ON (UMAN commissions. 2IGHTS South Africa delivered a keynote address, which s )NTERNATIONAL #RIMINAL #OURT TO set the tone for the entire session, as well as the *UDGE - 0ILLAY TH SESSION OF THE COMMISSION 3OUTH !FRICA ALSO s )NTERNATIONAL 4RIBUNAL FOR THE ,AW OF THE 3EA PARTICIPATED AT THE TH SESSION OF THE 5.#0$ IN TO *UDGE ! (OFFMANN !PRIL South Africa serves on the following subsidiary At both commissions, South Africa reiterated BODIES OF THE %COSOCC the country’s priority social and population-deve- s #OMMISSION FOR 3OCIAL $EVELOPMENT TO lopment issues as contained, respectively, in the 733$ #OPENHAGEN $ECLARATION AND THE s 3TATISTICAL #OMMISSION TO International Conference on Population and Deve- s #OMMISSION ON 3USTAINABLE $EVELOPMENT lopment Plan of Action, which include, among TO other things, the internationally agreed develop- s #OMMISSION ON 0OPULATION AND $EVELOPMENT ment goals. TO s #OMMISSION ON #RIME 0REVENTION AND #RIMINAL Participation in United Nations *USTICE TO budgetary and programmatic issues /VER THE PAST lVE YEARS 3OUTH !FRICA HAS PLAYED United Nations Country Team a prominent role in the context of UN budgetary (UNCT) in South Africa and programmatic issues. South Africa’s Auditor- The United Nations Development Programme General served on the UN Board of Auditors from 5.$0 SEEKS TO IMPLEMENT PROGRAMMES THAT UNTIL THE END OF 4HE !UDITOR 'ENERAL are relevant to government’s transformation and WAS ALSO RE ELECTED IN AS THE %XTERNAL !UDITOR development imperatives. The UNDP has a country for the UN Industrial Development Organisation for OFlCE IN 0RETORIA WHICH IS HEADED BY THE RESI- THE PERIOD TO dent representative, who is also the UN resident
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 271 FOREIGN RELATIONS co-ordinator for all UN operational activities in UN MDGs, Nepad and the plight of small and less- South Africa. developed countries. The UN Development Assistance Framework 4HE #OMMONWEALTH (EADS OF 'OVERNMENT 5.$!& IS A MECHANISM TO ESTABLISH AN INTEGRATED -EETING #(/'- TAKES PLACE BIENNIALLY -ALTA framework for co-operation for development HOSTED THE #(/'- IN .OVEMBER UNDER THE assistance between the UN system, represented theme Networking the Commonwealth for Deve- THROUGH 5. FUNDS PROGRAMMES AND AGENCIES lopment, also focusing on world trade, migration present in South Africa and government. and terrorism. The UNDAF reflects the priorities conveyed !SIDE FROM THE &INAL #OMMUNIQUÏ WHICH to the UN by government and is based on the addresses different issues of concern to the #OMMON #OUNTRY !SSESSMENT ##! 4HE PREVIOUS Commonwealth, heads of government also issued 5.$!& ENDED IN $ECEMBER 4HE DEPARTMENT the Malta Declaration on Networking the Common- worked with the UNCT in South Africa and nume- WEALTH FOR $EVELOPMENT THE 6ALLETTA 3TATEMENT ON rous other departments to prepare the new UNDAF, Multilateral Trade, and the Gozo Statement on which will guide UN support in South Africa from 6ULNERABLE 3MALL 3TATES TO )N THIS PROCESS A ##! HAS BEEN South Africa made numerous contributions to drafted by government and accepted by the UN THE -ALTA #OMMUNIQUÏ IN PARTICULAR ON ISSUES and the new UNDAF. relating to the MDGs, the African Agenda and Nepad, and addressing health, education and debt Commonwealth relief. South Africa also supported strong positions The Commonwealth comprises 53 member coun- on trade liberalisation, climate change and terro- tries on every continent and with a combined popu- rism. LATION OF BILLION ONE QUARTER OF WORLD POPULA- South Africa actively participates in the various TION MAKING UP ONE lFTH OF WORLD TRADE )T IS AN ministerial meetings and governing bodies of the important multilateral institution uniting countries #OMMONWEALTH -EETINGS OF MINISTERS OF lNANCE with common historical backgrounds. have devoted resources in support of the Monter- Members range from micro-states in Polynesia REY #ONSENSUS JUSTICE MINISTERS HAVE DRAFTED TO MEMBERS OF THE ' THE SMALLEST AND POOREST TO model anti-terrorism legislation and control mea- the richest and most populous, with cross-cutting sures over money laundering; and ministers of AFlLIATIONS STRADDLING THE .ORTH 3OUTH DIVIDE education and of health have adopted codes of The Commonwealth is united by its shared conduct in the recruitment of health workers and ideals and common traditions manifested in teachers. similar structures of governance, public adminis- 5GANDA HOSTED THE #(/'- IN .OVEMBER tration and law, a common working language, and under the theme, Transforming Commonwealth commercial and business practices and under- Societies to Achieve Political, Economic and standing. It is an important multilateral institution, Human Development. Trinidad and Tobago will both uniting and serving its member countries and HOST THE #(/'- providing a lobby on global issues. Its programmes of action, such as the Non-Aligned Movement Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-opera- 4HE .!- WITH ITS MEMBER STATES IS THE LARGEST tion, the Commonwealth Youth Programme and political grouping of countries outside of the UN, the Commonwealth Foundation, are focused on making it an important lobby group of developing capacity-building, economic and social develop- countries in global affairs. ment, the removal of disparities in living standards 3OUTH !FRICA FORMALLY JOINED THE MOVEMENT IN across the world, and the alleviation of poverty and AND HAS PLAYED A LEADING ROLE EVER SINCE illiteracy. These programmes are committed to the
272 Multilateral agreements signed or ratified between 1 January 2007 and 31 March 2008 Date signed Title Date
-ARCH Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material 3EPTEMBER R %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER .OVEMBER #ONVENTION ON #OMBATING "RIBERY OF &OREIGN 0UBLIC /FlCIALS IN *UNE A %NTRY INTO International Business Transactions FORCE !UGUST 3EPTEMBER Sixth Additional Protocol to the Constitution of the Universal Potal *ULY OR !UGUST R 5NION 505 .OVEMBER #ONVENTION ON )NTERNATIONAL )NTERESTS IN -OBILE %QUIPMENT 3EE *ANUARY R %NTRY !CT OF '' OF !UGUST INTO FORCE -AY .OVEMBER Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile *ANUARY R %QUIPMENT ON -ATTERS 3PECIlC TO !IRCRAFT %QUIPMENT 3EE !CT OF '' OF !UGUST *UNE International Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in %NTRY INTO FORCE -AY Customs Matters *ULY Protocol to the OAU Convention on the Prevention and Comba- *ULY R ting of Terrorism !PRIL International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear -ARCH R Terrorism !UGUST 0ROTOCOL ON THE &ACILITATION OF -OVEMENT OF 0ERSONS 3!$# -AY R %NTRY INTO FORCE *ULY *UNE &REE 4RADE !GREEMENT BETWEEN THE %&4! 3TATES AND THE 3!#5 &EBRUARY R States $ECEMBER Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities !PRIL R %NTRY INTO FORCE -AY $ECEMBER Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with !PRIL R Disabilities *ANUARY Multilateral Agreement on Co-ordination of Maritime Search and Rescue Services !UGUST Memorandum of Understanding among the Southern African %NTRY INTO FORCE !UGUST Development Community Member States on the establishment of a Southern African Development Community Standby Brigade 3!$# !UGUST Memorandum of Understanding among the Member States of the %NTRY INTO FORCE !UGUST 3OUTHERN !FRICA $EVELOPMENT #OMMUNITY ON THE .EW (EADQUAR- ters of SADC /CTOBER Agreement on Customs and Tax Administration Co-operation %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER /CTOBER Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation in the Field of %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER 0UBLIC !DMINISTRATION AND 'OVERNANCE )"3! /CTOBER Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation in the Field of %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER 3OCIAL )SSUES )"3! /CTOBER Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation in the Field of %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER (EALTH AND -EDICINE )"3! /CTOBER -EMORANDUM OF 5NDERSTANDING ON #O OPERATION IN 7ILD %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER 2ESOURCES )"3! /CTOBER Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation in the Field of %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER (IGHER %DUCATION )"3! /CTOBER -EMORANDUM OF 5NDERSTANDING ON #ULTURAL #O OPERATION )"3! %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER Source: Department of Foreign Affairs R 2ATIlCATION a = Accession
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 273 FOREIGN RELATIONS Bilateral agreements signed between 1 January 2006 and 31 March 2008 Date signed Country/organisation Title Date &EBRUARY China, People’s Republic of 0ROTOCOL OF 0HYTOSANITARY 2EQUIREMENTS FOR THE %XPORT %NTRY INTO FORCE &EBRUARY of Table Grapes from South Africa to China &EBRUARY China, People’s Republic of 0ROTOCOL OF 0HYTOSANITARY 2EQUIREMENTS FOR THE %XPORT %NTRY INTO FORCE &EBRUARY of Tobacco Leaves from South Africa to China &EBRUARY China, People’s Republic of 0ROTOCOL ON %CONOMIC AND 4ECHNICAL #O OPERATION %NTRY INTO FORCE &EBRUARY &EBRUARY Central African Republic Memorandum of Understanding %NTRY INTO FORCE concerning Defence Co-operation. &EBRUARY &EBRUARY Burundi General Co-operation Agreement. %NTRY INTO FORCE &EBRUARY &EBRUARY Argentine Agreement on Bilateral Co-operation in the Field of %NTRY INTO FORCE Sport and Recreation &EBRUARY &EBRUARY Argentine %XTRADITION 4REATY
&EBRUARY Argentine Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters
-ARCH Benin *OINT #OMMUNIQUE -ARCH Uganda Memorandum of Understanding regarding the Reno- %NTRY INTO FORCE vation of the OR Tambo School of Leadership. -ARCH -ARCH AU Agreement on the Material and Technical Organisa- %NTRY INTO FORCE tion of the Third Ordinary Session of the African Union &EBRUARY #ONFERENCE OF -INISTERS OF (EALTH
-ARCH Oman !GREEMENT ON 3CIENTIlC AND 4ECHNOLOGICAL #O OPERA- tion
-ARCH Saudi Arabia Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and %NTRY INTO FORCE !PRIL 0REVENTION OF 4AX %VASION WITH 2ESPECT TO 4AXES ON Income and on Capital -ARCH Russian Federation !GREEMENT ON #O OPERATION IN THE &IELD OF 7ATER %NTRY INTO FORCE -ARCH Resources and Forestry -ARCH Australia Letter of Intent regarding Future Co-operation in Fish- eries within the South African and Australian Maritime *URISDICTIONS IN THE 3OUTHERN /CEAN -ARCH FAO Agreement on Capacity-Building for South African %NTRY INTO FORCE -ARCH 0ROFESSIONAL AND %MERGING &ARMERS IN THE &IELD OF !GRI- culture and Food Security -ARCH New Zealand Co-operation Arrangement %NTRY INTO FORCE -ARCH !PRIL Burkina Faso !GREEMENT ON THE %STABLISHMENT OF A *OINT #OMMIS- %NTRY INTO FORCE !PRIL sion of Co-operation !PRIL Malta Agreement in respect of Police Co-operation !PRIL Tanzania Agreement concerning Merchant Shipping and other Related Matters
!PRIL Tanzania Agreement on Co-operation in areas of Migration %NTRY INTO FORCE *UNE Matters
!PRIL Tanzania !GREEMENT REGARDING THE 7AIVER OF 6ISA 2EQUIRE- MENT FOR (OLDERS OF $IPLOMATIC 3ERVICE AND /FlCIAL Passports
!PRIL AU Permanent Court of Arbitration Agreement regarding %NTRY INTO FORCE THE %STABLISHMENT OF A 2EGIONAL &ACILITY OF THE 0ERMA- !PRIL nent Court of Arbitration for Africa.
!PRIL Spain Agreement concerning Defence Co-operation %NTRY INTO FORCE !PRIL
274 Bilateral agreements signed between 1 January 2006 and 31 March 2008 Date signed Country/organisa- Title Date tion !PRIL UNDP #OST 3HARING !GREEMENT FOR A *OINT #OUNTRY ,EVEL %VALUATION %NTRY INTO FORCE !PRIL of the Role of the United Nations in Contributing to South Afri- ca’s Development !PRIL USA -EMORANDUM OF 5NDERSTANDING ON THE &ULBRIGHT %XCHANGE %NTRY INTO FORCE !PRIL Programme !PRIL Flanders 4HIRD *OINT #OMMISSION FOR #O OPERATION 0ROGRAMME FOR THE 9EARS AND -AY AU Agreement on the Material and Technical Organisation of the %NTRY INTO FORCE -AY Retreat of Ministers of Foreign Affairs to Reflect on the State of THE !FRICAN 5NION AND AN %XTRAORDINARY 3ESSION OF THE %XECU- tive Council of the African Union -AY Niger !GREEMENT ON THE %STABLISHMENT OF A *OINT #OMMISSION OF %NTRY INTO FORCE -ARCH Co-operation -AY Switzerland Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation with respect to Taxes on Income -AY Sudan Memorandum of Understanding on Development Co-opera- tion for Policing in Sudan -AY %5 4HE 3OUTH !FRICAN %UROPEAN 5NION 3TRATEGIC 0ARTNERSHIP *OINT Action Plan *UNE Netherlands Agreement concerning the Status of Military and Civilian Personnel of their Department/Ministry of Defence present in each other’s Territory for Activities Related to Military Co- operation *UNE Netherlands Arrangement on a Financial Contribution towards the South African Department of Defence’s Participation in the African Union Special Task Force in Burundi *UNE Slovak Republic -EMORANDUM OF #O OPERATION &OREIGN !FFAIRS %NTRY INTO FORCE *UNE *UNE Lesotho Agreement on the Facilitation of Cross-Border Movement of Citizens *UNE Lesotho Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation in the Field %NTRY INTO FORCE *UNE of Correctional Services *UNE Lesotho Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation in the -ANAGEMENT OF 7ILD &IRES AND OTHER &ORESTS -ANAGEMENT Issues *UNE Republic of Korea Memorandum of Understanding on Bilateral Co-operation in %NTRY INTO FORCE *UNE the Field of Sport and Recreation *ULY Cuba !GREEMENT ON THE %MPLOYMENT OF #UBAN 4ECHNICAL !DVISERS *ULY Lesotho Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation in the Field %NTRY INTO FORCE *ULY of Agriculture *ULY Malaysia Memorandum of Understanding on Agricultural Co-operation %NTRY INTO FORCE *ULY !UGUST China, People’s Memorandum of Understanding on Sport Co-operation %NTRY INTO FORCE !UGUST Republic of !UGUST Guinea-Bissau Agreement on Defence Co-operation %NTRY INTO FORCE !UGUST !UGUST Malawi !GREEMENT ON 3CIENTIlC AND 4ECHNOLOGICAL #O OPERATION %NTRY INTO FORCE !UGUST !UGUST DRC *OINT $ECLARATION OF )NTENT CONCERNING 3UPPORT AND !SSIS tance to the Democratic Republic of Congo in the Reform of the Armed Forces !UGUST DRC Memorandum of Understanding on Development and Co- operation in Transport-Related Matters !UGUST DRC 0ROTOCOL ON (OSPITAL 3ERVICES %NTRY INTO FORCE !UGUST !UGUST Finland Agreement concerning the Knowledge Partnership on Infor- %NTRY INTO FORCE !UGUST mation and Communications Technology 3EPTEMBER -OZAMBIQUE Agreement on Combined Border Control Posts on the Mozam- BIQUE 3OUTH !FRICA "ORDER SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 275 FOREIGN RELATIONS Bilateral agreements signed between 1 January 2006 and 31 March 2008 Date signed Country/organisa- Title Date tion 3EPTEMBER -OZAMBIQUE Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the 0REVENTION OF &ISCAL %VASION WITH 2ESPECT TO 4AXES ON )NCOME 3EPTEMBER IBRD 'LOBAL %NVIRONMENT &ACILITY 4RUST &UND 'RANT !GREEMENT 0LUS 0ROJECT !GREEMENT WITH )DIAN /CEAN #OMMISSION AND 0ROJECT Agreement with the South African Maritime Safety Authority 3EPTEMBER ICAO Memorandum of Understanding between the Republic of South Africa and the International Civil Aviation Organisation regarding Safety Oversight Audit 3EPTEMBER China, People’s !GREEMENT ON #O OPERATION IN THE -INERALS AND %NERGY %NTRY INTO FORCE 3EPTEM- Republic of Sector BER 3EPTEMBER China, People’s !GREEMENT ON #O OPERATION IN THE &IELD OF %DUCATION %NTRY INTO FORCE 3EPTEM- Republic of BER 3EPTEMBER China, People’s Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Public %NTRY INTO FORCE 3EPTEM- Republic of Service and Administration of the Republic of South Africa and BER the Ministry of Personnel of the People’s Republic of China on #O OPERATION IN THE &IELDS OF (UMAN 2ESOURCES $EVELOPMENT and Public Administration /CTOBER UNDP !GREEMENT ON %STABLISHING A 3ERVICE #ENTRE IN 3OUTH !FRICA %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER /CTOBER Kenya !GREEMENT FOR THE %STABLISHMENT OF A *OINT #OMMISSION OF %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER Co-operation /CTOBER %5 Additional Protocol to the Agreement on Trade, Development %NTRY INTO FORCE 0ROVISIONALLY and Co-operation ON *ANUARY /CTOBER AU Agreement on the Material and Technical Organisation of the %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER Conference of African Ministers responsible for Road Trans- port /CTOBER Namibia Agreement on the Transfer of Status Records of Persons Born, %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER -ARRIED OR $IED IN .AMIBIA (ELD BY THE 'OVERNMENT OF THE Republic of South Africa /CTOBER Namibia Memorandum of Understanding on Diplomatic Consultations %NTRY INTO FORCE /CTOBER .OVEMBER Mauritania Co-operation Agreement in the Field of Mining and Mineral %NTRY INTO FORCE .OVEMBER Resources .OVEMBER Mauritania Co-operation Agreement in the Fields of Petroleum and %NERGY .OVEMBER Sudan Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the 0REVENTION OF &ISCAL %VASION WITH RESPECT TO 4AXES ON )NCOME .OVEMBER Sudan Agreement for the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments .OVEMBER Sudan Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation in Immigra- %NTRY INTO FORCE .OVEMBER TION 0OPULATION AND %LECTION -ATTERS .OVEMBER Sudan Memorandum of Understanding on Defence Co-operation %NTRY INTO FORCE .OVEMBER .OVEMBER Sudan -EMORANDUM OF 5NDERSTANDING REGARDING %CONOMIC #O %NTRY INTO FORCE .OVEMBER operation .OVEMBER Sudan Statement of Intent on Co-operation in the Area of Social %NTRY INTO FORCE .OVEMBER Development .OVEMBER Sudan Trade Agreement %NTRY INTO FORCE .OVEMBER .OVEMBER UK Memorandum of Understanding concerning Defence Co- %NTRY INTO FORCE .OVEMBER operation .OVEMBER DRC Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation on Issues %NTRY INTO FORCE RELATED TO 0UBLIC 7ORKS .OVEMBER .OVEMBER -OZAMBIQUE !GREEMENT FOR THE %STABLISHMENT OF A *OINT 0ERMANENT %NTRY INTO FORCE Commission on Defence and Security .OVEMBER
276 Bilateral agreements signed between 1 January 2006 and 31 March 2008 Date signed Country/organisa- Title Date tion .OVEMBER Angola Co-operation Agreement between the Government of the Republic of South Africa and the Government of the Republic of Angola in the Field of Petroleum .OVEMBER Angola Agreement on Co-operation in the Field of Tourism %NTRY INTO FORCE .OVEMBER .OVEMBER Zimbabwe !GREEMENT ON 3CIENTIlC AND 4ECHNOLOGICAL #O OPERATION %NTRY INTO FORCE .OVEMBER $ECEMBER Zambia !GREEMENT ON 3CIENTIlC AND 4ECHNOLOGICAL #O OPERATION %NTRY INTO FORCE $ECEMBER $ECEMBER Denmark Agreement between the Government of the Kingdom of %NTRY INTO FORCE Denmark and the Government of the Republic of South Africa $ECEMBER REGARDING !CCELERATING #HILD AND 7OMENS 0ROTECTION THROUGH 0REVENTION AND 2ESPONSE TO 6IOLENCE AND ()6 AND !)$3 IN 3OUTH !FRICA n *ANUARY USAID Memorandum of Understanding between the Government %NTRY INTO FORCE of the Republic of South Africa through the Department of *ANUARY %DUCATION AND THE 'OVERNMENT OF THE 5NITED 3TATES THROUGH the United States Agency for International Development on Co-operation in the Development of Textbooks and Learning Materials &EBRUARY Multilateral Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation in the Area %NTRY INTO FORCE &EBRUARY of Anti-Corruption &EBRUARY India Agreement on Co-operation and Mutual Assistance in Customs Matters &EBRUARY India Programme of Co-operation in Science and Technology %NTRY INTO FORCE &EBRUARY &EBRUARY Malawi Memorandum of Understanding on Defence Co-operation %NTRY INTO FORCE &EBRUARY &EBRUARY %GYPT %XECUTIVE 0ROGRAMME OF #O OPERATION FOR THE )MPLEMENTA- %NTRY INTO FORCE &EBRUARY tion of the Agreement on Co-operation in the Fields of Arts and Culture &EBRUARY France !GREEMENT ON #O OPERATION IN THE &IELD OF %NERGY %NTRY INTO FORCE &EBRUARY &EBRUARY France Agreement on Co-operation pertaining to Tourism %NTRY INTO FORCE &EBRUARY &EBRUARY France !GREEMENT ON 3CIENTIlC AND 4ECHNOLOGICAL #O OPERATION &EBRUARY France Agreement on Transport-Related Matters %NTRY INTO FORCE &EBRUARY &EBRUARY France $ECLARATION ON 3OUTH !FRICA &RENCH #O OPERATION ON *IPSA &EBRUARY France 3TATEMENT OF )NTENT ON THE %XTENSION OF THE #ONTINENTAL 3HELF THE 3URVEILLANCE OF &ISHERIES AND 3CIENTIlC 2ESEARCH #O OPE RATION IN THE 7ATERS !DJACENT TO THE &RENCH 3OUTHERN AND !NTARCTIC 4ERRITORIES AND -ARION AND 0RIOCE %DWARD ISLANDS -ARCH Indonesia *OINT $ECLARATION ON A 3TRATEGIC 0ARTNERSHIP FOR A 0EACEFUL AND Prosperous Future -ARCH Indonesia Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operative Activities in %NTRY INTO FORCE -ARCH the Field of Defence -ARCH Indonesia Memorandum of Understanding on Cultural Co-operation %NTRY INTO FORCE -ARCH -ARCH Indonesia Statement on the New Asian-African Partnership -ARCH %THIOPIA Agreement for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments -ARCH %THIOPIA !GREEMENT ON THE %STABLISHMENT OF A *OINT -INISTERIAL %NTRY INTO FORCE -ARCH Commission -ARCH %THIOPIA Memorandum of Understanding regarding Industrial and Technical Co-operation
SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 277 FOREIGN RELATIONS Acknowledgements BuaNews Estimates of National Expenditure 2008, published by National Treasury Department of Foreign Affairs www.dfa.gov.za www.gov.za www.iol.co.za www.tshwane.gov.za Suggested reading !DAM ( AND -OODLEY + Seeking Mandela: Peacemaking between Israelis and Palestinians *OHANNESBURG 7ITWATERSRAND 5NIVERSITY 0RESS !DEBAJO ! AND 3CANLON ( EDS A Dialogue of the Deaf: Essays on Africa and the United Nations. *OHANNESBURG &ANELE *ACANA -EDIA !DEBAJO ! !DEDEJI ! AND ,ANDSBERG #EDS South Africa in Africa: The Post-Apartheid Era. Scottsville: 5NIVERSITY OF +WA:ULU .ATAL 0RESS !KOKPARI *EDS The African Union and its Institutions *OHANNESBURG &ANELE Bond, P. Talk Left, Walk Right: South Africa’s Frustrated Global Reforms ND ED 0IETERMARITZBURG 5NIVERSITY OF +WA:ULU .ATAL 0RESS #LAPHAM # (ERBST * AND -ILLS ' EDS Big African States: Angola, Sudan, DRC, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa. *OHANNESBURG 7ITS 5NIVERSITY 0RESS Dorrian, P. The Making of South Africa Inc: Unlocking South Africa’s Global Potential. Cape Town: Zebra Press, Draper, P. ed. Reconfiguring the Compass: South Africa’s Trade Diplomacy *OHANNESBURG 3OUTH !FRICAN )NSTITUTE OF )NTERNATIONAL !FFAIRS Draper, P and Le Pere, G. eds. Enter the Dragon: Towards a Free Trade Agreement between China and the Southern African Customs Union *OHANNESBURG 3OUTH !FRICAN )NSTITUTE OF )NTERNATIONAL !FFAIRS (UGHES 4 Composers, Conductors and Players: Harmony and Discord in South African Foreign Policy. *OHANNESBURG +ONRAD !DENAUER 3TIFTUNG Landsberg, C. The Quiet Diplomacy of Liberation: International Politics and South Africa’s Transition. *OHANNESBURG *ACANA Le Pere, G and Shelton, G. China, Africa and South Africa: South-South Co-operation in a Global Era. Midrand: )NSTITUTE FOR 'LOBAL $IALOGUE Mills, G. Security Intersection: The Paradox of Power in an Age of Terror. *OHANNESBURG 7ITS 5NIVERSITY 0RESS Mills, G and Skidmore, N. eds. Towards China Inc Assessing the Implications for Africa *OHANNESBURG 3OUTH !FRICAN )NSTITUTE OF )NTERNATIONAL !FFAIRS Murray, R. Human Rights in Africa: From the OAU to the African Union. Cambridge: University of Cambridge 0RESS Olivier, G. South Africa and the European Union: Self-Interest, Ideology and Altruism. Pretoria: Protea "OEKEHUIS Southall, R. ed. South Africa’s Role in Conflict Resolution and Peacemaking in Africa. #APE 4OWN (UMAN 3CIENCES 2ESEARCH #OUNCIL 0RESS 7HEELER 4 The History of the South African Department of Foreign Affairs. n *OHANNESBURG 3OUTH !FRICAN )NSTITUTE OF )NTERNATIONAL !FFAIRS 7ILLIAMS 6 AND 4SANCO 4 Prospects for Migration Data Harmonisation in the SADC. Cape Town: Institute for $EMOCRACY IN 3OUTH !FRICA
278 SA YEARBOOK 2008/09 279 FOREIGN RELATIONS