ICANS XXI Dawn of High Power Neutron Sources and Science Applications

Book of Abstracts

ICANS XXI Dawn of high power neutron sources and science applications

29 Sep - 3 Oct 2014, JAPAN Ibaraki Prefectural Culture Center

Update : 12 Oct. 2014 Best photography in 7th Oarai Town Photo Contest.

WELCOME TO ICANS XXI ICANS (International Collaboration on Advanced Neutron Sources) is a network for scientists who are involved in developing pulsed neutron sources and accelerator based spallation neutron sources. Since 1st ICANS meetings was held in 1977 at Argonne National Laboratory in the day of dawn of spallation neutron technique, ICANS has been continuously held already 20 times somewhere in the world. Now we are extremely happy to announce that the ICANS, the 21st meeting, will be held at Mito hosted by J-PARC this autumn. We have a large number of topics to be discussed, there are twelve topics, such as futuristic idea of neutron source, rapid progress in facilities, integration issues in target-moderator-development, etc. The details can be found in the agenda. The meeting has a two layered structure, one is plenary session and another is workshop. Two of them are complementary and tightly cooperate each other. In the meeting we would like to enhance "workshop style", which is an original and traditional way of ICANS. Actually 2/3 of topics will be discussed in the workshop sessions. It also will be essentially organized/ lead by the workshop chairs. Plenary session shows overall issues in a relevant workshop, whose details should be talked/discussed in the workshop. The venue for the meeting is Mito city, where the 2nd Shogun Family lived for a long period of time during Edo era from 17th to 19th century, when the Tokugawa shogunate ruled the country. Mito is one hour train distance from Tokyo and two hours by bus from the Narita Airport, the central international airport of Japan. There is Kairakuen park by Senba Lake, which is one of the three most famous parks of Japan. One can find various kind of blossoms for each season. Especially plum blossoms in early spring is very famous. In autumn, you can see beautiful moonlight projected on the fluctuation water surface in Senba Lake. We are preparing the some enjoyment at seaside as an excursion. Let's enjoy your stay in Mito not only discussion but something exciting outside. Weather is comfortable in autumn in Mito. We are looking forward to seeing you ICANS in Mito Japan.

The chair, Masa Arai 7th March. 2014 1 Honorary Chair: Noboru Watanabe Chairman: Masatoshi Arai

ORGANIZERS

J-PARC Center High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS)

SUPPORTING ORGANIZERS

Atomic Energy Society of Japan Ibaraki Prefecture J-PARC/MLF Users Society Japanese Society for Neutron Science Particle Accelerator Society of Japan

COMMITTEE

ADIVISORY COMMITTEE Mark Bourke (LANSCE) Colin Carlile (SVS) Jack Carpenter (ANL) Kurt N. Clausen (PSI) Rolando Granada (CNEA/CONICET) Alexander Ioffe (JCNS) Yoshiaki Kiyanagi (Nagoya Univ.) Chun Loong (ANL) Robert J. McQueeney (ORNL) Feri Mezei (ESS) Roger Pynn (LENS) Andrew Taylor (ISIS) Wagner Werner (PSI) Jim Yeck (ESS)

2 PROGRAM COMMITTEE Ken Andersen (ESS) Masa Arai (J-PARC) Dimitri Argyriou (ESS) Dave Baxter (LENS) Sasha Belushkin (JINR) J. Bermejo (ESS Bilbao) Bertrand Blau (PSI) Hesheng Chen (CSNS) Michihiro Furusaka (Hokkaido Univ.) Masatoshi Futakawa (J-PARC) Kevin Jones (ORNL) Robert McGreevy (ISIS) Guenter Muhrer (ESS) Toshiya Otomo (KEK) Eric Pitcher (ESS) Jorg Voigt (Jeulich)

LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Chair; Masato Arai Conference Secretaries; Masatoshi Futakawa (Chief), Shinichi Itoh, Takashi Kamiyama, Shin-ichiro Meigo, Kenji Nakajima, Takayuki Oku, Kenji Sakai, Kaoru Sakasai, Hideki Seto, Junich Suzuki , Kentaro Suzuya, Hiroshi Takada, Makoto Teshigawara

3 SOCIAL PROGRAM

Registration & Reception (Welcome drink) Sep. 28 (Sun) 17:00 - 19:00 Venue : President Hotel Mito (http://www.solarehotels.com/en/hotel/kanto/president-hotel-mito/)

Excursion Oct. 1 (Wed) Beach seining in Oarai coast (http://1st.geocities.jp/rssnf577/) 13:00 - Departure from the Ibaraki Prefectural Culture Center by shuttle bus. 14:00 - 16:00 Beach seining in Oarai coast 17:00 - Arrival at Ibaraki Prefectural Culture Center

If it rains, aquarium "AQUA WORLD" in Oarai 13:00 - Departure from the Ibaraki Prefectural Culture Center by shuttle bus 14:00 - 16:00 AQUA WORLD 17:00 - Arrival at the Ibaraki Prefectural Culture Center

Bunquet Oct. 1 (Wed) 19:00 - Venue : The Party Hall "Felivert Sunshine" (http://party.felivert.jp/index.html) YANSA DAIKO, Japanese traditional dram performance, will be performed on the stage.

4 J-PARC site tour Oct. 3 (Fri) 13:00 - 18:30 13:00 - Departure from the Ibaraki Prefectural Culture Center by shuttle bus. 14:00 - 17:30 J-PARC Site Tour 18:30 - Arrival at the Ibaraki Prefectural Culture Center

Exhibitors Display During 9/29 - 10/2, company exhibition will be held in the public space at 2nd floor of Main building.

Publication of Proceedings Instruction for the preparation of manuscripts will be available on ICANS XXI official website (http://j-parc.jp/researcher/MatLife/en/meetings/ICANS_XXI/).

OTHOR INFORMATION Günter Bauer Memorial Sep. 30 (Tue) 9:00 - 9:30 (Hall A)

ICANS Contact Meeting Sep. 30 (Tue) 19:00 - 20:00 (Room 9) Only IAC and PAC member.

Lunch Box Exchange : Sep. 29 (Mon) - Oct. 2 (Thu) 12:00 - 13:00 (Restaurant "MON MARCHE") You can exchange it only by a lunch box ordered from the ICANS XXI web site. You can choice a lunch box from meat , chiken, fish or sandwich. Restaurant is also available (11:00 - 17:00, ～ 50 seats).

Coffee Break Coffee and beverage are available in the public space at 2nd floor , Main building.

WIFI Network You can use wifi network in the public space at 2nd floor , Main building.

Posters Display:13:30 29th Sep. to 16.30 2nd Oct. in Public space. Dimensions : 90 cm wide x 120 cm high.

5 400m 4 3

1 Suijo H.S. Suijo 50 EKINAN Chuoh st. 2

MITO St. SAKURA River SAKURA

SEMBA Bridge ) ) The Museum of Modern Art, Ibaraki Ibaraki Prefectural Culture Center 県立県民文化センター JR JOBAN Line Lake SEMBA ) KAIRAKUEN Garden

MAP OF AROUND IBARAKI PREFECTURAL CULTURE CENTER CULTURE AROUND IBARAKI PREFECTURAL OF MAP Mito - Iwama st. Iwama - Mito ) Walking distance: 20min. from Mito St. Walking http://www.daiwaroynet.jp/english/mito/ http://felivert.jp/access/ http://www.solarehotels.com/en/hotel/kanto/president-hotel-mito/ http://travel.rakuten.com/hotel/Japan-Ibaraki-Mito_Court_Hotel_Mito/54539/ 1. President Hotel Mito ( 2. Daiwa Roynet Hotel Mito ( 3. Court Hotel Mito ( 4. Felivelt Sunshine ( 6 AKATSUKA St. To MITO St. Entrance Restaurant “Mon Marche” Up to 2F Hall A MAIN Build. 1F MAIN Build. 2F Public Space Parking area Room 8 IBARAKI PREFECTURAL CULTURE CENTER FLOOR GUIDE CULTURE IBARAKI PREFECTURAL Room 10 Annex 1F Annex 2F Room 9

7 SESSION, DISCUSSION ITEMS , TIMETABLE

Günter Bauer Memorial (special session)

1. Blue Sky Session (panel discussion) Panelists: Dimitri Argyriou, Jack Carpenter, Roger Pynn, Henrik Rönnow, Ferenc Mezei, Masatoshi Arai, Andrew Taylor

2. Facility Session (FS) 2-1 Prominently Progressed Facilities 2-2 Strategies for Next Steps at Facilities 2-3 Advances in Coming Facilities

3. Target and Moderator Development (TM) 3-1 Target 3-2 Moderator 3-3 Utilities and Remote Handling

4. Integrated Interface (I I) 4-1 Integrated Interface (plenary) 4-2 Integrated Interface (evening panel discussion)

5. Accelerator and Beam Transport (ABT) 5-1 Accelerator and Beam Transport #1 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport #2

6. Neutron Instruments (NI) 6-1 Reflectometry, SANS 6-2 Spectroscopy 6-3 Polarization 6-4 Diffraction and Imaging

7. Devices (D) 7-1 Neutron Optics #1 7-2 Neutron Optics #2 7-3 Devices

8. Sample Environments (SE) 8-1 Sample Environments #1

8 8-2 Sample Environments #2

9. Shielding (S)

10. Data Acquisition and Analysis (DAA) 10-1 Data Acquisition and Analysis #1 10-2 Data Acquisition and Analysis #2

11. New Moderator Concept and Compact Source (NMC) 11-1 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source #1 11-2 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source #2 11-3 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source (night session)

12. Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities (SO)

9 6. Neutron Instruments (NI) 12. Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities (SO) 28-Sep 29-Sep (Mon) 30-Sep (Tue) (Sun) 8:30 Registration 8:30 - 9:00 ： 9:00 Welcome Address 9:00 Hall A 9 00 Gunter Bauer Memorial 9:20 Hall A J. Carpenter 9:30 4. Integrated Interface Hall A 4-1: Integrated Interface (Plenary) 2 Facility Session 10：00 2-3 Advances in coming Facilities 10:30 II-01 - 06 10:30 FS-11 - 12

Coffee Break Coffee Break 11:00 11:00 11:00 11:00 11：00 Hall A Hall A Room 8 Room 10 6. NI 5. ABT 3. TM 6-2 5-1 Accelerator 3-3 Utilities 2. Facility Session Spectroscopy and Beam and remote 2-1 Prominently progressed facilities Transport handling ABT-01 - 03 12：00 NI-06 - 09 TM-21 - 24 FS-01 - 04 12:20 12:30 12:35 12:40 Group photograph Lunch 13：00 @ Culture Center Entrance Lunch 13:30 Public space 13:45 Hall A 14：00 2. Facility Session Poster Session I 2-2 Strategies for next steps at facilities (13:30 - 15:30)

15：00 FS-05 - 10 15:30 15:30

Coffee Break Coffee Break 16:00 16:00 16:00 16:00 16:00 16:00 16：00 Hall A Room 8 Room 10 Hall A Room 8 Room 10 6. NI 12. Safety & 3. TM 6. NI 5 ABT 9. Shielding 6-1 Operation 3-1 Target 6-3 5-2 Reflectomet for High Polarization Accelerator S-01 - 07 ： ry, SANS Power TM-01 - 05 and Beam 17 00 Facilities NI-10 - 13 Transport Registration & NI-01 - 05 Welcome drink SO-01 - 07 17:40 ABT-04 - 12 18:00 ・president 17:55 18：00 hotel 18:05 ・1F Baquet 18:30 18:30 room

19：00 19:00 Hall A Room 9 ICANS contact 4-2. Integrated Interface meeting Moderator: P. Roger 20：00 20:00 20:30

21：00

1. Blue Sky Session, 2. Facility Session(FS), 3. Target and Moderator Development (TM), 4. Integrated Interface (II), 5. Accelerator and Beam Transport (ABT), 6. Neutron Instruments (NI), 7. Devices (D), 8. Sample Environments (SE), 9. Shielding (S), 10. Data Acquisition and Analysis (DAA), 11. New Moderator Concept and Compact Source (NMC), 12. Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities (SO) 10 1-Oct (Wed) 2-Oct (Thu) 3-Oct (Fri) 8:30 9:00 9:00 9:00 9:00 9:00 9:00 Hall A Hall A Room 8 Room 9 Room 10 Hall A 9：00 1. Blue Sky Session 3. TM 10. DAA 8. SE 7. D WS 3-2 10-1 DAA 8-1 SE #1 7-1 Neutron Conclusion Panelists: Moderator Optics #1 M. Arai, D. Argyriou, J. Carpenter, DAA-01 - 04 SE-01 - 04 F. Mezei, R. Pynn, H. Rönnow, A. Taylor TM-07 - 20 D-01 - 03 10：00 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:10

Coffee Break Coffee Break 11:00 11:00 11:00 11:00 Hall A Room 8 Room 9 Room 10 Hall A 11：00 10. DAA 8. SE 7. D 11. NMC 10-2 DAA 8-2 SE #2 7-2 Neutron Closing 11-1 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source SE-05 - 07 Optics #2 Session NMC-01 - 03 DAA-05 - 08 12:15 12:00 D-04 - 06 12:00 12：00 12:30 12:10 Lunch 13:00 Lunch Excursion 13：00 ・ Fine wether: Beach seining (dragnet fishing) 13:30 Public space in Oarai coast http://1st.geocities.jp/rssnf577/index.html 14：00 Poster Session II (13:30 - 15:30)

J-PARC site 15：00 15:30 tour

・Rainy wether: Aquarium in Oarai Coffee Break http://www.aquaworld-oarai.com/en/ 16:00 16:00 16:00 Hall A Room 8 Room 10 16：00 6. NI 11. NMC 7. D 6-4 Difraction 11-2 NMC 7-3 Devices and Imaging NMC-04 - 07 D-07 - 15 NI-14 - 18 17：00 17:20 17:40 17:40 18:05 Room 9 8. SE Room 8 8-38-3 SESE special 18：00 11. NMC session onon thethe futurefuture of high-high- 11-3 NMC magnetic field NMC-08 - 10 investigation usingusing neutrons 19:00 Banquet (19:00〜21:00) 19:05 19：00 ・Place: http://party.felivert.jp/index.html 19:00 ・Entertainments: Japanese drum http://www.yansadaiko.com/index.php 20：00

21：00

11 12 PROGRAM

Sunrise of Ohse beach PROGRAM (Oral) Sep. 29 (Mon) Hall A

Session 4-1 Integrated Interface (plenary) Chair:Chun Loong Time / ID Title Name Page 9:20 -9:30 Organisational Interfaces: Past Roger Pynn * 110 II-01 Experience and some Lessons (Indiana Univ.) Learned

9:30 -9:40 Neutron moderators, beam Feri Mezei * 111 II-02 extraction and delivery to sample (ESS)

9:40 -9:50 Five years of the ISIS Second Sean Langridge * 112 II-03 Target Station: from ideas to (RAL) operational instruments

9:50 -10:00 Optimisation of the ESS Ken Andersen * 113 II-04 instrument suite for pancake (ESS) moderators

10:00 -10:10 instruments - advanced modeling Garrett Granroth * 114 II-05 of Neutron scattering data at (ORNL) SNS and SNS-TS2 approach on moderator-instruments interfaces

10:10 -10:20 Experiences on Integrated Hiroshi Takada * 115 II-06 Interface at J-PARC/MLF (J-PARC)

Session 2-1 Prominently Progressed Facilities (plenary) Chair: Jack Carpenter Time / ID Title Name Page 11:00 -11:25 ISIS: past, present and future Robert McGreevy * 50 FS-01 (RAL)

11:25 -11:50 Modernized IBR-2 reactor and Sasha Belushkin * 51 FS-02 first experiments at its neutron (JINR) beams

11:50 -12:15 The ORNL Spallation Neutron Ken Herwig * 52 FS-03 Source (SNS): Status Report and (ORNL) Future Plans

* invited 14 12:15 -12:40 Progress of J-PARC/MLF Masatoshi Arai * 53 FS-04 (J-PARC)

Session 2-2 Strategies for Next Steps at Facilities (plenary) Chair: ― Time / ID Title Name Page 13:45 -14:05 Upgrade plans for the Swiss Christian Rüegg * 54 FS-05 Spallation Neutron Source (PSI) SINQ – Moderators, Guides, Instruments, and New Science

14:05 -14:25 ISIS Target Station 1 Upgrade Matt Fletcher * 55 FS-06 Project (RAL)

14:25 -14:45 Plans for the Second Target Ken Herwig * 56 FS-07 Station at the Oak Ridge National (ORNL) Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source

14:45 -15:05 From LANSCE to MaRIE: An John L. Erickson * 57 FS-08 Experimental Facility Concept (LANL) Revolutionizing Materials in Extremes Research

15:05 -15:25 Plan of ADS in J-PARC Toshinobu Sasa * 58 FS-09 (J-PARC)

15:25 -15:30 Preliminary Plan of STS in Masatoshi Futakawa* 59 FS-10 J-PARC (J-PARC)

Session 6-1 Reflectometry, SANS Chair:Robert McGreevy Co-chair:Ken Andersen, Kenji Nakajima, Alexander Ioffe Time / ID Title Name Page 16:00 -16:30 LoKI - A Broad Band High Flux Andrew Jackson * 136 NI-01 SANS Instrument for the ESS (ESS)

16:30 -16:50 Status of the Small and Wide Jun-ichi Suzuki 137 NI-02 Angle Neutron Scattering (CROSS) Instrument TAIKAN of J-PARC

* invited 15 16:50 -17:20 VERITAS, a vertical reflectometer Stefan Mattauch * 138 NI-03 for long pulse neutron sources (JCNS)

17:20 -17:40 Polarized Neutron Reflectometry Masayasu Takeda 139 NI-04 with the Intense Pulsed Neutron (J-PARC) Source at J-PARC

17:40 -18:00 Pulsed Source SANS Efforts in Julian Tao 140 NI-05 China (CSNS)

Session 4-2 Integrated Interface (evening panel discussion) Moderator:Pynn Roger Time Panelist Page 19:00 - Feri Mezei (ESS), Sean Langridge (RAL), - Ken Andersen (ESS), Thomas Proffen (ORNL), Dimitri Argyriou (ESS), Robert McGreevy (RAL), Ken Herwig (ORNL), Masatoshi Arai (J-PARC)

* invited 16 Sep. 29 (Mon) Room 8

Session 12 Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities Chair: Eric Pitcher Time / ID Title Name Page 16:00 -16:25 Radioactive material Leak Yoshimi Kasugai * 268 SO-01 Accident at the Hadron (J-PARC) Experimental Facility and Safety Measures for Operation of the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility of J-PARC

16:25 -16:50 Improvements to Lujan Neutron Charles T. Kelsey * 269 SO-02 Scattering Center operations plan (LANL) and sample management system

16:50 -17:10 Improvement of the J-PARC Hideki Tatsumoto 270 SO-03 cryogenic hydrogen system (J-PARC) aimed at long-lasting stable operation

17:10 -17:30 Development of the Personnel Garry Trahern 271 SO-04 Safety System for the ESS (ESS)

17:30 -17:50 Progress of General Control Kenji Sakai 272 SO-05 System for Materials and Life (J-PARC) Science Experimental Facility in J-PARC

17:50 -18:10 Development of the Target Safety Linda Coney 273 SO-06 System for the ESS Target (ESS) Station

18:10 -18:30 Management of the radioactive Daniela Ene 274 SO-07 waste and emissions within the (ESS) European Spallation Source facility

* invited 17 Sep. 29 (Mon) Room 10

Session 3-1 Target Chair: John Hains Co-chair:Masatoshi Futakawa, Rolando Granada, Bertrand Blau Time / ID Title Name Page 16:00 -16:25 Implementation of pitting Masatoshi Futakawa* 68 TM-01 mitigation for the JSNS Hg target (J-PARC)

16:25 -16:50 Operational experience and plans John Galambos * 69 TM-02 for SNS Hg target (ORNL)

16:50 -17:15 Progress of the ESS monolith Rikard Linander * 70 TM-03 design and engineering solutions (ESS) for target and moderator systems

17:15 -17:35 Thermal Hydraulic Design of Katsuhiro Haga 71 TM-04 Double-walled Mercury Target (J-PARC) Vessel

17:35 -17:55 Post-irradiation examination of Yong Dai 72 TM-05 the MEGAPIE target (PSI)

* invited 18 Sep. 30 (Tue) Hall A

Günter Bauer Memorial 9:00 - 9:30 Chair: Masatoshi Arai Speaker: Jack Carpenter(ANL)

Session 2-3 Advances in Coming Facilities (plenary) Chair:Mark Bourke Time / ID Title Name Page 9:30 -9:55 European Spallation Source- Jim Yeck * (ESS) 60 FS-11 Construction Update

9:55 -10:20 as for Advances in CSNS JunRong Zhang * 61 FS-12 (CSNS)

Session 6-2 Spectroscopy Chair:Robert McGreevy Co-chair:Ken Andersen, Kenji Nakajima, Alexander Ioffe Time / ID Title Name Page 11:00 -11:20 Overview of spectrometers Kenji Nakajima 141 NI-06 at Materials & Life Science (J-PARC) Experimental Facility, J-PARK

11:20 -11:40 VOR: a wide bandwidth chopper Pascale Deen 142 NI-07 spectrometer at the ESS to (ESS) explore uncharted scientific areas.

11:40 -12:00 T-REX: A Time-of-flight Nicolo Violini 143 NI-08 Reciprocal space Explorer for the (FZJ) future ESS source

12:00 -12:20 High throughput Inelastic Neutron Timmy Ramirez- 144 NI-09 Scattering, from fiction to reality Cuesta (ORNL)

* invited 19 Session 6-3 Polarization Chair:Robert McGreevy Co-chair:Ken Andersen, Kenji Nakajima, Alexander Ioffe Time / ID Title Name Page 16:00 -16:30 Polarization at pulsed neutron Alexander Ioffe * 145 NI-10 sources (FZJ)

16:30 -17:00 MEOP, SEOP and the Wai Tung Hal Lee * 146 NI-11 deployment of polarised neutron (ANSTO) capabilities at ANSTO

17:00 -17:20 Development of compact Takayuki Oku 147 NI-12 laser optics for an in-situ spin- (J-PARC) exchange optical pumping 3He neutron spin filter

17:20 -17:40 Spin manipulation components David Baxter 148 NI-13 usign high-Tc superconducting (LENS) materials

* invited 20 Sep. 30 (Tue) Room 8

Session 5-1 Accelerator and Beam Transport #1 Chair:Ken Herwig, Co-Chair:Michikazu Kinsho Time / ID Title Name Page 11:00 -11:30 J-PARC: The path to 1 MW at Kazami Yamamoto * 120 ABT-01 J-PARC, including 400 MeV (J-PARC) linac improvement, RCS improvements, and plans for front end upgrades

11:30 -12:00 SNS: Recent Advances in Power John Galambos * 121 ABT-02 to Routine 1.3-1.4 MW Operation (ONRL/SNS) and Future Plans

12:00 -12:30 ESS: The current ESS beam Matts Lindroos * 122 ABT-03 design and target interface (ESS)

Session 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport #2 Chair:Ken Herwig, Co-Chair:Michikazu Kinsho Time / ID Title Name Page 16:00 -16:15 Cylcotron-based high power Davide Reggiani 123 ABT-04 neutron sources - operating (Paul Scherrer experience and future outlook Institute)

16:15 -16:30 The Path to 2.8 MW Operation John Galambos 124 ABT-05 for the SNS Accelerator (ORNL/SNS)

16:30 -16:45 Accelerator upgrades for the ISIS John Thomason 125 ABT-06 facility (STFC/RAL/ISIS)

16:45 -17:00 Temporal Characteristics of the Tom Shea (ESS) 126 ABT-07 ESS Proton and Neutron Pulses

17:00 - 17:15 Instrumentation and Machine Tom Shea (ESS) 127 ABT-08 Protection Strategy for the ESS Target Station

17:15 -17:30 X/S-band Electron Linac Misturu Uesaka 128 ABT-09 Based Neutron Sources (Univ. of Tokyo) for Advanced Nuclear Science&Technology&Education

* invited 21 17:30 -17:45 Development of Beam Shaping Shin-ichiro Meigo 129 ABT-10 System based on Non-Linear (J-PARC) Optics at JSNS

17:45 -18:00 Recent progress of beam Hiroyuki Harada 130 ABT-11 commissioning in the J-PARC (J-PARC) 3-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron

18:00-18:15 Localization of the beam loss Shinichi Kato 131 ABT-12 caused by the foil scattering for (Tohoku Univ.) high-intensity routine operation in the J-PARC 3-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron

* invited 22 Sep. 30 (Tue) Room 10

Session 3-3 Utilities and Remote Handling Chair: John Hains Co-chair:Masatoshi Futakawa, Rolando Granada, Bertrand Blau Time / ID Title Name Page 11:00 -11:25 SINQ Utilities and Remote Bertrand Blau * 88 TM-21 Handling System: 17 Years of (PSI) Operational Experience

11:25 -11:50 Operational experience on David Haynes * 89 TM-22 utilities and remote handling on (ISIS) ISIS (more than two decades of experience)

11:50 -12:15 The ESS target station hot cell Magnus Gohran * 90 TM-23 facility and associated logistics (ESS)

12:15 -12:35 Operational experience on Hidetaka Kinoshita 91 TM-24 utilities and remote handling on (J-PARC) J-PARC

Session 9 Shielding Chair: Gunter Muhrer, Co-chair:Yoshiaki Kiyanagi Time / ID Title Name Page 16:00 -16:20 PHITS code and its application to Koji Niita * (RIST) 224 S-01 the JSNS shielding

16:20 -16:40 Shielding design of Mo-99 Michal Mocko * 225 S-02 production facility (LANL)

16:40 -17:00 Shielding design at SNS Franz Gallmeier * 226 S-03 (ORNL)

17:00 -17:15 Development of helium vessel in Li Lin (CSNS) 227 S-04 CSNS

17:15 -17:35 Shielding design of RIKEN Sheng Wang 228 S-05 Accelerator-driven Neutron (RIKEN) Source (RANS)

17:35 -17:50 High-energy backgrounds at Nataliia 229 S-06 pulsed neutron sources Cherkashyna (ESS) * invited 23 17:50 -18:05 How much carbon in steel is Gunter Muhrer 230 S-07 really needed? (ESS)

* invited 24 Oct. 1 (Wed) Hall A

Session 1 Blue Sky Session (panel discussion) Chair: Andrew Taylor Time Panelist 9:00 -10:30 Dimitri Argyriou (ESS), Jack Carpenter (ANL), Roger Pynn (Indiana Univ.), Henrik Rönnow (ETH), Ferenc Mezei (ESS), Masatoshi Arai (J-PARC), Andrew Taylor (RAL)

Session 11-1 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source #1 (plenary) Chair:Dave Baxter, Co-chair:Michihiro Furusaka Time / ID Title Name Page 11:00 -11:25 Compact accelerator driven Kiyanagi Yoshiaki * 254 NMC-01 neutron source (Nagoya Univ.)

11:25 -11:50 The pelletized cold neutron Sergey Kulikov * 255 NMC-02 moderator at the IBR-2 (JINR) reactor. The first experience of exploitation.

11:50 -12:15 Low-Dimensional High Brightness Alan Takibayev * 256 NMC-03 Hydrogen Moderators (ESS)

* invited 25 Oct. 2 (Thu) Hall A

Session 3-2 Moderator Chair: John Hains Co-chair:Masatoshi Futakawa, Rolando Granada, Bertrand Blau Tme / ID Title Name Page 9:00 -9:20 Moderator performance Makoto Teshigawara 74 TM-07 characterization, operational * experience, and plans at JSNS (J-PARC)

9:20 -9:40 SNS Second Target Station Franz Gallmeier * 75 TM-08 Moderator Studies (ORNL)

9:40 -10:00 Moderator configuration choice Konstantin Batkov * 76 TM-09 for ESS (ESS)

10:00 -10:15 Moderator optimization studies Konstantin Batkov 77 TM-10 for ESS (ESS)

10:15 -10:30 Using SSW and ROOT to study Troels Schonfeldt 78 TM-11 advanced brightness features for (ESS) the ESS

TM-12 ― ― ―

Coffee Break

11:00 -11:15 Neutronics modelling for the ISIS Goran P. Skoro 80 TM-13 TS1 upgrade (ISIS)

11:15 -11:30 CombLayer : A fast parametric Stuart Ansell 81 TM-14 MCNP(X) model contructor (ISIS)

11:30 -11:45 ISIS Target Station 2 Reflector Stephen D 82 TM-15 Modifications Gallimore (STFC - RAL - ISIS )

11:45 -12:00 Development of moderators and Wenting Du 83 TM-16 reflectors for CSNS (CSNS)

TM-17 ― ― ―

12:15 -12:30 Technological system for Maxim Victorovich 85 TM-18 controlling and monitoring Bulavin operation of the cryogenic (Joint Institute for moderator at the IBR-2M reactor Nuclear Research) * invited 26 12:30 -12:45 CAB models for water: new J. Rolando Granada 86 TM-19 scattering kernels for the (Argentine interaction of thermal neutrons Atomic Energy with water Commission)

12:45 - 13:00 A New Method in Assisting Wei Lu 87 TM-20 Moderator Study at SNS (ORNL)

Session 6-4 Difraction and Imaging Chair:Robert McGreevy Co-chair:Ken Andersen, Kenji Nakajima, Alexander Ioffe Time / ID Title Name Page 16:00 -16:20 Beamline for European Materials Jochen Fenske 149 NI-14 Engineering Research (HZB)

16:20 -16:40 HFM-EXED - the high field facility Oleksandr 150 NI-15 for neutron scattering at HZB Prokhnenko (HZB)

16:40 -17:00 The new single-crystal neutron Gail Iles 151 NI-16 Laue diffractometer in Berlin (HZB)

17:00 -17:20 ODIN - the future imaging Markus Strobl 152 NI-17 instrument at ESS (ESS)

17:20 -17:40 The first energy-resolved neutron Takenao Shinohara 153 NI-18 imaging system in the world (J-PARC) -“RADEN” at J-PARC MLF-

* invited 27 Oct. 2 (Thu) Room 8

Session 10-1 Data Acquisition and Analysis #1 Chair: Toshiya Otomo, Co-chair:Mark Hagen Time / ID Title Name Page 9:00 - 9:20 Data Acquisition for the Spallation Steven M. Hartman 234 DAA-01 Neutron Source (ORNL) 9:20 - 9:45 Developments in data acquisition, Garret Granroth * DAA-02 reduction and analysis at the (SNS) 235 SNS 9:45 - 10:10 Architecture of Data Analysis and J.R. Zhang * 236 DAA-03 Management Software at CSNS (CSNS)

10:10 - 10:30 Data acquisition and device Takeshi Nakatani 237 DAA-04 control software framework in (J-PARC) MLF, J-PARC

Session 10-2 Data Acquisition and Analysis #2 Chair: Toshiya Otomo, Co-chair:Mark Hagen Time / ID Title Name Page 11:00 -11:20 Hardware Aspects, Modularity T. Gahl 238 DAA-05 and Integration of an Event Mode (ESS) Data Acquisition and Instrument Control for the European Spallation Source ESS AB

11:20 - 11:40 Maximising the scientific impact Jonathan William 239 DAA-06 of large scale facilities using Taylor software development and (DMSC -European scientific computing. spallation source)

11:40 -12:05 Transformation of S(Q,E) to G(r,t) Tatsuya Kikuchi * 240 DAA-07 with MEM (J-PARC)

12:05 - 12:30 Improving the connection Stuart Campbell * 241 DAA-08 between neutron scattering and (SNS) computational modeling at the Spallation Neutron Source.

* invited 28 Session11-2 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source Chair:Dave Baxter, Co-chair:Michihiro Furusaka Time / ID Title Name Page 16:00 -16:20 Combined neutron moderator Konstantin 257 NMC-04 for the IBR-2 reactor. Project Alexandrovich of moderator with continuous Mukhin change of pellets in the chamber (JINR) on the basis of the combined moderator. Refrigerator 1200 Watt 10K for neutron moderators. Technical devise and support for moderators.

16:20 -16:40 An update on the LENS facility David V Baxter 258 NMC-05 for 2014 (LENS)

16:40 -17:00 Fundamental physics possibilities Esben Bryndt 259 NMC-06 at the European Spallation Klinkby Source (ESS)

17:00 -17:20 Novel approach of thermal and Yoshie Otake 260 NMC-07 fast neutron imaging and data (RIKEN) analysis at RANS -RIKEN Accelerator-driven compact neutron source-

Session 11-3 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source (night session) Chair:Dave Baxter, Co-chair:Michihiro Furusaka Time / ID Title Name Page 18:05 -18:25 Convoluted Moderators for Erik B. Iverson 261 NMC-08 Enhanced Slow Neutron Beam (ORNL) Production

18:25 -18:45 Benchmark experiment on "entry- Knud Thomsen 262 NMC-09 grooves" in moderator / reflector (PSI) material

18:45 -19:05 Triphenylmethane as a new Thomas Huegle 263 NMC-10 moderator material (LANL)

* invited 29 Oct. 2 (Thu) Room 9

Session 8-1 Sample Environments #1 Chair: Zoe Bowden, Co-chair:Kazuya Aizawa Time / ID Title Name Page 9:00 -9:30 Pulsed High Magnetic Fields for Yasuo Narumi * 212 SE-01 Pulsed Neutron Sources -Recent (Tohoku Univ.) Progress and Applications-

9:30 -9:50 Impact of the cryogen free Oleg Kirichek 213 SE-02 revolution on operation of ISIS (ISIS, STFC) facility

9:50 -10:10 Neutron Scattering in Very High Peter G Smeibidl 214 SE-03 Magnetic Fields - The New (HZB) Hybrid Magnet at Helmholtz Centre Berlin

10:10 -10:30 10kbar Hydrogen Intersifier Christopher Michael 215 SE-04 System Goodway (ISIS, STFC)

Session 8-2 Sample Environments #2 Chair: Zoe Bowden, Co-chair:Kazuya Aizawa Time / ID Title Name Page 11:00 -11:20 Cryogenic Loading Devices for Stefanus Harjo 216 SE-05 Materials Science & Engineering (J-PARC) Studies at J-PARC

11:20 -11:40 Concepts for Sample Matt Rechard North 217 SE-06 Manipulation & Automation using (STFC) Robotics at ISIS

11:40 -12:00 High-Pressure and High- Asami Sano- 218 SE-07 Temperature Neutron Furukawa Experiments using 6-axis Multi- (J-PARC) Anvil Press, ATSUHIME

* invited 30 Session 8-3 SE special session on the future of high-magnetic field investigation using neutrons Chair: Zoe Bowden, Co-chair:Kazuya Aizawa Time / ID Title Name Page 17:40 -17:55 Peter G Smeibidl TBA ― SE-08 (HZB)

17:55 -18:10 Oleksandr SE-08 TBA Prokhnenko ― (HZB)

18:10 -18:40 High Magnetic Field Co- laboratory Project of Japan and Hiroyuki Nojiri SE-08 ― Strategy for Quantum Beam (Tohoku Univ.) Science Applications

* invited 31 Oct. 2 (Thu) Room 10

Session 7-1 Neutron Optics #1 Chair: Nigel Rhodes, Co-chair:Kazuhiko Soyama Time / ID Title Name Page 9:00 -9:30 Development of focusing Dai Yamazaki * 188 D-01 supermirors by means of ion (J-PARC) beam sputtering and ultra-precise figuring techniques

9:30 -9:50 Conceptual design of a reflective Damian Martin 189 D-02 focusing system for a Small Angle Rodriguez Neutron Scattering Instrument (ESS)

9:50 -10:10 Development of a large multiple- Shin Takeda 190 D-03 segment elliptical neutron- (Hokkaido Univ. ) focusing mirror using metal substrate

Session 7-2 Neutron Optics #2 Chair: Nigel Rhodes, Co-chair:Kazuhiko Soyama Time / ID Title Name Page 11:00 -11:30 Neutron optics at BL06 beam line Masahiro Hino * 191 D-04 for spin echo(VIN ROSE) (Kyoto Univ.) 11:30 -11:50 Development of general guide Carolin Zendler 192 D-05 concepts for the European (ESS) Spallation Source 11:50 -12:10 Reflection of slow neutrons from Vladimir Ignatovich 193 D-06 powder of nanorods (JINR)

Session 7-3 Devices Chair: Nigel Rhodes, Co-chair:Kazuhiko Soyama Time / ID Title Name Page 16:00 -16:20 Detector development within the Nigel Rhodes * 194 D-07 International Colaboration on (RAL) Neutron Detectors

16:20 -16:40 Development of position-sensitive Tatsuya Nakamura * 195 D-08 scintillator neutron detectors at (J-PARC) the J-PARC/MLF

* invited 32 16:40 -17:00 Performance of boron lined straw Davide Raspino 196 D-09 tubes for large area neutron (RAL) detectors.

17:00 -17:20 High Quality 10B4C Coatings for Gregor Jacek 197 D-10 Detection of Cold Neutrons Nowak (HZG)

17:20 -17:40 3He-free triple GEM thermal Antonino 198 D-11 neutron detector Pietropaolo (ENEA)

17:40 -18:00 Development and future Garrett Jeff Sykora 199 D-12 prospects of wavelength shifting (RAL) fibre detectors at ISIS

18:00 -18:20 Development of Ce:LiCAF Daiki Matsuyama 200 D-13 Scintillator System for High (Tokyo Univ.) Precision Nuclear Data Measurement Using Short Pulsed X-Band Electron Linac Based Neutron Source

18:20 -18:40 Fast neutron imaging system Yoshichika Seki 201 D-14 for nondestructive inspection of (RIKEN) large-scale concrete structure

18:40 -19:00 A Vision For Detectors for the Richard J Hall- 202 D-15 European Spallation Source ESS Wilton AB (ESS)

Oct. 3 (Fri) Hall A

9:00 - 11:00 Workshop Conclusion 11:00 - 12:00 Closing Session

* invited 33 POSTERS

Poster Presentation Guidelines

•Posters will be mounted from 13:30 PM 29th Sep. to 16.30 PM 2nd Oct. in Public space room. •Hand carry your poster to the meeting •The dimensions of the poster boards are 90 cm wide x 120 cm high (roughly A0 size). •Panels for posters will be clearly marked with the ID number in programme. •Material for mounting posters will be provided in the poster area. •Especially, posters will be displayed on Poster session I(13:30-15:30, 30th Sep. ) or Poster session II (13:30-15:30, 2nd Oct.) with obligatory presence of, at least, one responsible •Company exhibition and coffee-break-room are also same Public space.

2. Facility Session (FS) ID Title Name Page FS-P01 Three Years of Operational Experience Bertrand Blau 62 with the High Intensity Ultracold (PSI) Neutron Source at PSI

FS-P02 Comparison of observed and calculated Robert Bewley 63 ISIS TS1 Neutronic response (ISIS facility)

FS-P03 New Sorgentina Fusion Source (NSFS) Patrizio Console 64 Experimental Facility Supporting Camprini Materials Research (ENEA Brasimone Research centre)

3. Target and Moderator Development (TM) ID Title Name Page TM-P01 Pressure wave reduction due to gas Hiroyuki Kogawa 92 microbubbles injection in mercury (J-PARC) target of J-PARC

TM-P02 In-situ structure integrity evaluation for Tao Wan 93 high-power spllation neutron source (J-PARC) using a laser Doppler method

34 TM-P03 Very high-cycle fatigue behavior in Xiong Zhihong 94 mercury target vessel for high-power (Ibaraki Univ.) pulsed spallation neutron source

TM-P04 Status update on the ESS Target Rikard Linander 95 systems development (ESS)

TM-P05 An investigation into the suitability of Stephen D 96 additive manufacture techniques for Gallimore neutron moderator vessels. (STFC - RAL - ISIS)

TM-P06 The Mockup of the Decoupled & Chunming Hu 97 Poisoned Hydrogen Moderator in (CSNS) CSNS

TM-P07 Brightness measurement of the cold Tibor Reiss 98 neutron source at SINQ, PSI (PSI)

TM-P08 Development of a small accelerator- Chris Franklyn 99 based cold neutron source. (Necsa)

TM-P09 Measurements of Neutron Beam Erik Iverson 100 Performance at the Spallation Neutron (ORNL) Source

TM-P10 Water helium mixture for use in neutron Yannick Bessler 101 sources as premoderator, coolant and (FZJ) leak detection at the same time

TM-P11 Welding processes of high-strength Yannick Bessler 102 aluminum alloys for using in cold (FZJ) sources

TM-P12 Engineering perspective of the ESS Rikard Linander 103 Moderator and Reflector systems (ESS)

TM-P13 Progress of the Au-In-Cd alloy Motoki Ooi 104 decoupler development in JSNS (JAEA)

TM-P14 Very high-cycle fatigue behavior in Takashi Naoe 105 mercury target vessel for high-power (J-PARC) pulsed spallation neutron source

TM-P15 Progress on the Design of the Target Eric J. Pitcher 106 Station for the European Spallation (ESS) Source

35 TM-P16 Alternative target designs for power Cristian Bungau 107 upgrade of the TS1 target at the ISIS (Univ. of Neutron Facility Huddersfield)

4. Integrated Interface (II) ID Title Name Page II-P01 Fast Neutron Applications at ESS Alberto Milocco 116 (Univ. of Milano- Bicocca )

II-P02 Thermal Hydraulic and Thermo- Jorg Wolters 117 Mechanical Design of the Proton Beam (FZJ) Window for ESS

5. Accelerator and Beam Transport (ABT) ID Title Name Page ABT-P01 plasma window study for gas target Kun Zhu 132 (Peking Univ.)

ABT- Challenges for Next Generation Kevin W. Jones 133 Accelerator-based Neutron Sources (ORNL)

6. Neutron Instruments (NI) ID Title Name Page NI-P01 Chopper system and neutron optics of Mustapha Rouijaa 154 the Beamline for European Materials (Helmholtz-Zentrum Engineering Research (BEER) at ESS Geesthacht )

NI-P02 Polarized 3He development at SNS Xin Tong 155 (Oak Ridge National Lab)

NI-P03 SIMRES - a simulation tool for Jan Saroun 156 development of neutron scattering (Nuclear Physics instruments at reactor and spallation Institute ASCR) sources

NI-P04 Towards the high-sensitive detection Ichiro Tanaka 157 of hydrogen based on the proton (Ibaraki Univ.) polarization technique in neutron protein crystallography

36 NI-P05 Overview of the McStas monte carlo Peter K Willendrup 158 ray-tracing instrument simulation (DTU Physics) project

NI-P06 Instrument Developments and Neutron Shinichi Itoh 159 Brillouin Scattering Experiments on (KEK) HRC

NI-P07 Recent status of a cold neutron disk Kenji Nakajima 160 chopper spectrometer AMATERAS (J-PARC)

NI-P08 Development of polarized and focused Kazuki Ohishi 161 neutron beam at the small and wide (CROSS) angle neutron scattering instrument TAIKAN

NI-P09 TOF studies of multiple Bragg Pavol Mikula 162 reflections in cylindrically bent prefect (Nuclear Physics crystals at small pulsed neutron source Institute of the ASCR, v.v.i.)

NI-P10 General Purpose Powder Le Kang 163 Diffractometer at CSNS (IHEP)

NI-P11 High resolution SESANS with time- Raul V. Erhan 164 gradient magnetic fields spectrometer: (IFIN-HH) feasibility study for the implementation at long pulsed neutron sources

NI-P12 Multitask approach for neutron beam Antonino 165 lines at spallation neutron sources Pietropaolo (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi)

NI-P13 Monte Carlo simulations for the Raul Victor Erhan 166 EPSILON and SKAT long flight path (Joint Institute for diffractometers at the IBR-2 pulsed Nuclear Research neutron source Dubna)

NI-P14 Recent progress in the chopper Ryoichi Kajimoto 167 spectrometer 4SEASONS at J-PARC (J-PARC)

NI-P15 Present Status of BL19 TAKUMI at Stefanus Harjo 168 J-PARC (J-PARC)

NI-P16 Concept of multi-purpose Extreme Oleksandr 169 Conditions Instrument for the ESS Prokhnenko (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin)

37 NI-P17 Progress on POLANO Spectrometer Tetsuya Yokoo 170 for Polarized Neutron Experiment (KEK)

NI-P18 MAGIC chopper: theory, simulation, Mitsutaka Nakamura 171 and experimental evaluation (J-PARC)

NI-P19 Design of neutron guide system for Peter Konik 172 high-flux reactor PIK (Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute)

NI-P20 Development of a medium and small- Toshinori Ishida 173 angle neutron scattering instrument (Hokkaido Univ.) iANS optimized for compact accelerator driven neutron source

NI-P21 Magnetic Shield Design of In-situ Hiroshi Kira 174 SEOP Polarized 3He Neutron Spin (CROSS) Filter for High Magnetic Field Sample Environment Accessories at J-PARC

NI-P22 Neutron diffractometer encompassing Kazuo Kurihara 175 protein crystals with large unit cell (JAEA) volume at J-PARC

NI-P23 Using Fermi choppers for spallation Jorg J Voigt 176 source based chopper spectrometers (Forschungszentrum Julich)

NI-P24 Current Status of the small and wide Shin-ichi Takata 177 angle neutron scattering instrument (J-PARC) TAIKAN at J-PARC

NI-P25 Design of the new SANS instruments Huarui Wu 178 on CPHS (Tsinghua Univ.)

NI-P26 The Time-of-Flight Ultra-Small-Angle Jack Carpenter 179 Neutron Scattering (TOF-USANS) (ANL) Instrument at SNS: Commissioning Started in August 2014

NI-P27 Band chopper: a solution for large Alexander Ioffe 180 beams and limited space (Juelich Centre for Neutron Science)

NI-P28 Thermal neutron tomography and Masako Yamada 181 transmission spectroscopy at RIKEN (RIKEN) Accelerator-driven compact neutron source

38 NI-P29 Multi Pulse-Shaped Incident Energy Kaoru Shibata 182 Band Measurements on the TOF type (J-PARC) near Backscattering Spectrometer DNA in J-PARC

NI-P30 Current status of a TOF-Laue single Takashi Ohhara 183 crystal neutron diffractometer SENJU (J-PARC)

NI-P31 Applications of new neutron beam Hidetoshi Ohshita 184 monitor (nGEM) (KEK)

NI-P32 A radial collimator for a time-of-flight Jennifer Lynn 185 neutron spectrometer Niedziela (ORNL)

7. Devices (D) ID Title Name Page D-P01 Development of a flexible neutron Masahiro Hino 203 supermirror sheet and its application (Kyoto Univ.)

D-P02 Development of an in-situ SEOP 3He Hirotoshi Hayashida 204 neutron spin filter for magnetic imaging (CROSS) techniques at J-PARC

D-P03 A neutron imaging detector based on Joseph D Parker 205 the muPIC micro-pixel chamber and its (CROSS) application to magnetic imaging with polarized, pulsed neutrons at J-PARC

D-P04 Research on a metallic-ellipsoidal Jiang Guo 206 mirror for focusing neutron beams (RIKEN)

D-P05 Development of a 2012 model for the Setsuo Satoh 207 6Li time analyzer (LiTA12) detector (KEK) system

D-P06 Development of Various Shielding Wataru Kambara 208 Devices to Suppress Background in (J-PARC) J-PARC

D-P07 The estimation of the crystallinity on Kaoru Shibata 209 the silicon wafer surface which was (J-PARC) coating Gd thin film on the backside, by the double crystal X-ray diffraction method

39 8. Sample Environments (SE) ID Title Name Page SE-P01 Recent Progress in Sample Haitao Hu 219 Environment at CSNS (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

SE-P02 Light irradiation experiments at J-PARC Yoshifumi 220 - installation and demonstration Sakaguchi (CROSS)

SE-P03 Present status of sample environment Tomokazu Aso 221 at J-PARC MLF (J-PARC)

SE-P04 In-situ Scattering Experiment under Kazutaka Ikeda 222 High Pressure Hydrogen Gas by High- (KEK) Intensity Total Diffractometer, NOVA

9. Shielding (S) ID Title Name Page S-P01 A study of the neutron backgrounds at Douglas David 231 SINQ DiJulio (ESS)

10. Data Acquisition and Analysis (DAA) ID Title Name Page DAA-P01 Mantid Data Reduction and Peter F Peterson 242 Visualization at SNS and HFIR (ORNL)

DAA-P02 Neutron diffraction imaging at NOVA Shinichi Shamoto 243 (J-PARC) and HRPD, RESA, and (JAEA) TNRF (JRR-3)

DAA-P03 Automation of neutron spectrometry Vladimir K. 244 experiments using network Ignatovich technologies (FLNP JINR)

DAA-P04 6Li/7Li and 14N/15N Isotopic Yasuo Kameda 245 Substitution Experiments Using NOVA (Yamagata Univ.) Spectrometer at J-PARC

DAA-P05 Abstract programming interface for Nicolo Borghi 246 MCTAL files (European Spallation Source)

40 DAA-P06 Neutron Diffraction Study of Takuro Kawasaki 247 Piezoelectric Material Under Cyclic (Japan Atomic Electric Field Using Event Recording Energy Agency) Technique

DAA-P07 The Data Management and Software Mark Edward Hagen 248 Centre for the ESS (European Spallation Source)

DAA-P08 Z-MEM & Z-3D, Maximum Entropy Yoshihisa Ishikawa 249 Method and Visualization Software for (J-PARC, IMSS, Electron/Nuclear Density Distribution in KEK) Z-Code

DAA-P09 Monte Carlo Simulation of the Garrett E. Granroth 250 Resolution Ellipsoid for the SEQUOIA (ORNL) Spectrometer

DAA-P10 Web Monitor and prototype Analysis at Garrett E. Granroth 251 the SNS (ORNL)

11. New Moderator Concept and Compact Source (NMC) ID Title Name Page NMC-P01 Control system of filling of chamber Alexandr 264 for cryogenic moderator of IBR-2 Evgenyevich research reactor Verhoglyadov (JINR)

NMC-P02 Design on Target and Moderator Kazuhiro Tagi 265 of X-band Compact Electron Linac (Tokyo Univ.) Neutron Source for Short Pulsed Neutrons

NMC-P03 Approximate S(a,b) program for H2 Stuart Ansell 266 containing MOFs and other confined (RAL) systems

12. Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities (SO) ID Title Name Page SO-P01 Neutron guide activation and handling Zsofia Kokai 275 for the European Spallation Source (ESS)

SO-P02 Studies of magnet activation due to Cristian Bungau 276 beam losses and (Univ. of back-scattered neutrons Huddersfield)

41 Memo Günter Bauer Memorial

Chair : Masatoshi Arai (J-PARC) Speaker : Jack Carpenter (ANL)

Sunflower in Bando city Günter Bauer Memorial IN MEMORIAM GÜNTER BAUER

Our colleague and friend, Günter Siegfried Bauer, died December 13, 2013, 72 years old. It is fitting to remember him here, today, as one of the most respected, beloved, stalwart, influential leaders of our ICANS community.

Günter Bauer during the Cold Moderator Conference at Argonne in 1997.

Günter earned his PhD in Physics at University of Bochum in 1975, spent some time at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and then joined the scientific staff of Kernforschungszentrum, Jülich (KFZ). There, he undertook work on the Spallation Neutronen Quelle, SNQ, conceived as a 5-MW 1.1-GeV proton linac-compressor-ring neutron source, a joint project of KFZ and KfA (Karlsruhe) pursued from 1980 and presented in 1985. Günter led the 44 Günter Bauer Memorial target station work, based on a water-cooled rotating target. A prototype tested (without protons) successfully for 1000 hours, which he proudly showed me once, still stands on display.

He moved to the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in the late 1980s, where he took up work on the target for the SINQ neutron scattering facility, a upwardly incidence system based on the steady beam of protons from the 600-MeV sector-focused synchrocyclotron. The SINQ target system was built under his scientific leadership. A steady progression of successively more aggressive target arrangements, accompanied by materials irradiation tests, led to the present “cannelloni” Pb target, which now operates at about 1.5 MW proton beam power. Later, in support of rising interest in accelerator-driven “energy amplifier“ systems, Günter pushed the MEGAPIE developments. The liquid Pb-Bi eutectic target operated successfully at MW power in SINQ for several months. Günter’s avid interest in liquid metal targets led him to advocate liquid mercury targets for the SNS at ORNL (1.4 MW so far) and the for the Material and Life Sciences facility in JPARC (1 MW to come), which are operating successfully. The problem of cavitation erosion in the pulsed source gradually became evident, and Günter worked diligently with others to develop solutions. Progress in that work continues. He took a prominent part in special interest meetings devoted to development of high-power accelerator-based neutron targets.

He tended not only to spallation target questions, but also to moderator questions, especially those of cold moderators. Günter took part in all the international meetings devoted to cold moderators and stimulated development and testing, promoting the building and use of a mockup pulsed source at the COSY synchrotron at Jülich. Günter did not sit still at home. In early years, he traveled, sometimes with me, to spread the word for accelerator-driven neuron sources. Later, with others of us, Günter served, usually as chairman, on technical advisory committees on all of the accelerator-based neutron source projects, and some of the advanced reactor projects, some of which have been built, others not but not for want of good advice. In those sessions, he guided discussions most effectively, using his broad knowledge of the physics and engineering of sources. If other committee members failed to contribute to committee reports, he himself did the job. In these ways, Günter was a member of the ubiquitous “group of five,” with Tim Broome, Gary Russell, Noboru Watanabe, and me. We of ICANS know of all this, because Günter attended all of the ICANS meetings after 1980, and reported there.

Günter was devoted to his family: wife Gitti, Axel and Karin. When he moved to PSI, he designed and built, doing much of the work himself, a 45 Günter Bauer Memorial magnificent house on a hillside in Waldshut, Germany, across the Rhine from Switzerland. He equipped his Mercedes camper van with all the needed amenities for off-the-grid living and they traveled a lot. He and his family enjoyed cruising the canals of France, and included Rhonda, my wife, and me on one week-long travel in Alsace; he took patient glee watching me poorly guide our boat through the narrow waterways. Günter was fluent in English and French, and in German, of course, and perhaps also Chinese, whose country he loved and traveled extensively. Günter was an exceptionally kind person, not only in relation to people, but also to Nature’s wild creatures. “Why did you do that?” he asked me once when I tried to kill a wasp that threatened us once in the PSI guesthouse. I felt ashamed.

And Günter had immense charm. It was almost always Günter who thanked, and arranged flowers, for the hosts and assistants at our meetings.

Now it is our turn to express our admiration and gratitude to Günter, for his long and invaluable service to the neutron science community.

THANK YOU, GÜNTER! J. M. Carpenter

46 Session 1

Blue Sky Session (panel discussion)

Panelist: Dimitri Argyriou, Jack Carpenter, Roger Pynn, Henrik Rönnow, Ferenc Mezei, Masatoshi Arai, Andrew Taylor

Nagahama beach in Kita-ibaraki city Panel Discussion 1 Blue Skay Session Memo

48 Session 2

Facility Session (Plenary)

2-1 Prominently progressed facilities 2-2 Strategies for next steps at facilities 2-3 Advances in coming facilities

Mt. Tsukuba Oral FS-01 2-1 Prominently Progressed Facilities (plenary)

ISIS: past, present and future

Robert McGreevy1 1ISIS, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0EA, UK [email protected]

Abstract On December 16th 2014 ISIS will celebrate 30 years since first operation. A recent international review concluded that “ISIS has, since its creation, being able to create a culture of innovation that has had profound impact on and will continue to change the way neutron scattering is performed worldwide”. This presentation will give an overview of some of the past innovations referred to, including TS2, and the current plans and future prospects for further innovation.

50 Oral 2-1 Prominently Progressed Facilities (plenary) FS-02

Modernized IBR-2 reactor and first experiments at its neutron beams

A.V.Belushkin Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR, Dubna, Russia

IBR-2 reactor is the main basic facility at JINR dedicated to condensed matter research. The IBR-2 operates as a fast pulsed reactor. Its main distinctive property, which makes it differ from other nuclear reactors, is the mechanical modulation of the reactivity by means of a movable reflector. Producing a record neutron flux of 1016 n/cm2 /s in the pulse, the IBR-2 reactor is also an economical and relatively inexpensive facility. The IBR-2 reactor is mainly used for investigations in the fields of condensed matter physics (solids and liquids), biology, chemistry, Earth and materials science. Operating experience has shown that it is a very effective neutron source; in most areas of application it compares well with the best neutron sources based on proton accelerators. At present, this experience is of special importance in connection with the increasing interest in long-pulsed neutron sources. IBR-2 operated successfully from 1984 until 2006. On December 18, 2006 reactor was shut down for modernization. Main directions of reactor modernization include: 1. A compact reactor core. 2. Lower speed of rotation of the main movable reflector, counter rotation of rotors, use of a nickel alloy as a reflector material. 3. Use fuel pellets configuration that will allow increasing the depth of fuel burn up to 9%. 4. New design of safety system which improves its parameters. 5. Creation of easily replaceable moderators, their optimization for each neutron beam. Development of the cryogenic moderators with palletized moderator material.

Dismantling of the old reactor parts and installation of the new equipment was completed in 2010. Brief history of the work will be outlined in the report. In February 2011 loading of fresh fuel to the reactor core was completed and physical start-up has began. After successful realization of this stage in June, the power start-up program was fulfilled resulting in increase of the mean reactor power to the design value of 2 MW (peak power of the reactor reached 1850 MW). During the power start-up several instruments around the reactor started to operate in a test mode. Beam intensities at different beam ports have been measured and some real experiments were realized, including structure studies of advanced materials, engineering diagnostics of industrial components, neutron activation analysis, characterization of biological membranes, study of nanostructured materials, etc. Examples of these researches will be presented in the report. Also some highlights from the user program at the reactor will be outlined.

51 Oral FS-03 2-1 Prominently Progressed Facilities (plenary)

The ORNL Spallation Neutron Source (SNS): Status Report and Future Plans

Kevin W. Jones1 1Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 [email protected]

Abstract The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is approaching full potential and utilization as a leading tool for diverse scientific applications. Recent achievements include sustained neutron source operation for proton beam powers well above 1.0 MW with a stable demonstration run at the design power of 1.4 MW, and completion of the SNS Instruments Next Generation II (SING- II) project that completes a suite of 18 instruments that support the international user program. Significant progress has been made in development and deployment of neutron data analysis and visualization tools together with related advances in data acquisition and slow controls for instruments. This facility overview will summarize progress and achievements since the last ICANS meeting and briefly summarize future plans for the facility, including efforts aimed at defining the scientific case and a technical design report for the proposed Second Target Station, thereby providing an introduction to other facility contributions to this collaboration meeting.

52 Oral 2-1 Prominently Progressed Facilities (plenary) FS-04

Progress of J-PARC/MLF

Masatoshi Arai Materials Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, JAEA [email protected]

Abstract Since we started operation in 2008 December, although we had a difficulty of disas- ter and accident, we have steadily progressed performance of the neutron source. Now the accelerator power is about 300kW, and we will ramp up the power to 500kW or more in the late fall this year after improvement in the accelerator, target system and instrument. One of them is a He-gas injection into the Hg flaw of the target. We have already found the injection of the Helium micro bubbles can have a drastic effect on the target pitting mitigation, whose evidence was observed in a reduction of vibration of the target container. We have also installed an octupole magnet in the proton beam transport line right before the target in order to reduce peak heat deposition density in the target by flattening the peak top of the proton beam profile. Cryogenic moderators have been quite stably operated since 2012 after we could identify and improved a root cause of problem in the cooling loops. Essentially all of instruments have been well operated without any serious problem. However, we have found a weak point on shielding for the neutron flux at 1MW power on several instruments, which are closing to the radiation control area boundary near by the building wall, outside of which is a general area.

During the last operation at 300kW, we have confirmed the performance of instruments constructed with a new concept, which views the couple moderator. New data acquisition system with the event-recording method has showed effectiveness and flexibility in experiments and versatility in data analysis. Now we can obtain data and new science for the next generation stage.

53 Oral FS-05 2-2 Strategies for Next Steps at Facilities (plenary)

Upgrade plans for the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source SINQ – Moder- ators, Guides, Instruments, and New Science

Christian Rüegg1,2, Uwe Filges3, Michael Wohlmuther4

1Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

2Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland

3Laboratory for Developments and Methods, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

4Accelerator Operation and Development, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

[email protected]

Abstract The Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) operates the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source SINQ, and sources for muon spectroscopy, particle physics and synchrotron X-ray experiments. A new free-electron laser (SwissFEL) is currently under construction and will start operation in 2017. For the neutron source SINQ a coherent upgrade program has been developed for its moderators, neutron guide system, and neutron scattering and imaging instruments. This program will be presented as overview of possible improvements to SINQ. Specifically for the instruments new concepts and designs have been developed that rely on advanced neutron optics and will allow us to address the most recent scientific challenges. New instruments proposed for construction at the European Spallation Source ESS and designed by the Swiss-Danish Consortium will be introduced briefly.

54 Oral 2-2 Strategies for Next Steps at Facilities (plenary) FS-06

Target Station 1 Upgrade Project

Matt Fletcher1 1ISIS, STFC, UK [email protected]

Abstract ISIS is a pulsed neutron and muon source. It is situated at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory on the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom and is part of the Science and Technology Facilities Council. It uses the techniques of muon spectroscopy and neutron scattering to probe the structure and dynamics of condensed matter on a microscopic scale ranging from the subatomic to the macromolecular. Hundreds of experiments are performed annually at ISIS by visiting researchers from around the world, in diverse science areas including physics, chemistry, materials engineering, earth sciences, biology and archaeology. Tar- get station 1 was first operated in 1985, with the addition of a second target station in 2007. ISIS is currently considering upgrading TS1 to increase the output and to improve operability. This talk will outline the progress made to date with our investigations into the potential benefits and risks in upgrading our existing target station.

55 Oral FS-07 2-2 Strategies for Next Steps at Facilities (plenary)

Plans for the Second Target Station at the Oak Ridge National Labora- tory Spallation Neutron Source

Kenneth W. Herwig1 1Instrument and Source Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

[email protected]

Abstract Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is home to two forefront neutron scattering facilities, the High Flux Isotope Reactor and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). SNS was designed from its outset to accommodate a second target station (STS), effectively doubling the capacity of the accelerator infrastructure to drive science using neutrons. With the addition of a short-pulse, long-wavelength, 10 Hz STS, ORNL and the neutron scattering community will have the unique opportunity to optimize a suite of neutron scattering instruments and capabilities across three co-located neutron sources with complementary characteristics, matching instrument and scattering techniques to the optimum source. This talk will describe the current concept for STS, compare its characteristics to the other ORNL neutron sources, and will conclude with a look ahead at select STS instrument concepts.

56 Oral 2-2 Strategies for Next Steps at Facilities (plenary) FS-08

From LANSCE to MaRIE: An Experimental Facility Concept Revolutionizing Materials in Extremes Research

John L. Erickson LANL

57 Oral FS-09 2-2 Strategies for Next Steps at Facilities (plenary)

Plan of ADS in J-PARC

Toshinobu Sasa Transmutation section, J-PARC Center, JAEA [email protected]

Abstract After the Fukushima accident due to the Great East Japan Earthquake and ensuing tsunami, public interest to nuclear waste management is increased. In the latest strategic energy policy of Japan express to enhance a research and development to reduce the burden of long-lived nuclides in spent nuclear fuel. Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) precedes R&Ds to reduce the radiological hazard of long-lived nuclides by Partitioning and Transmutation (P-T) technology. Within the framework of the J-PARC project, JAEA also promoted to construct the Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF) to study the minor actinide (MA) transmutation by accelerator driven system (ADS). TEF locates at the end of LINAC, which is also important components to be developed for future ADS, and share the proton beam with other experimental facilities in J-PARC. R&Ds for important technologies required to build the facilities are also performed, such as MA bearing fuel loading into the critical assembly, spallation product removal method especially for the polonium, and so on. The objectives and construction schedule of the facilities, the latest design concepts, the recommendations from national review working party and key technologies to construct TEF are described in the presentation.

58 Oral 2-2 Strategies for Next Steps at Facilities (plenary) FS-10

Preliminary Plan of STS in J-PARC

Masatoshi Futakawa1, Masatoshi Arai1, Hiroshi Takada1, Kanji Nakajima1 Kazuya Aizawa1, Kazuhiko Soyama1, Michikazu Kinsho1 1J-PARC Center

[email protected]

Abstract A very preliminary plan associated with second target station in J-PARC will be introduced in the presentation. The restriction of existing facilities in J-PARC and the uniqueness are taken consideration as much as possible.

59 No. 2 Facility Session Plenary session 2:3 Advances in coming Facilities

Oral FS-11 2-3 Advances in Coming Facilities (plenary) European Spallation Source – Construction Update James Yeck1 1Director General, ESS [email protected]

Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS) is under construction. The main pre-requisites for the construction start were recently satisfied including: environmental and regulatory permits; funding commitments from the member countries; and, a successful progress assessment. The ESS host countries of Sweden and Denmark, after consultation with the ESS member countries, approved the start of civil construction on the site near Lund University and the newly constructed MAX IV synchrotron. The technical scope of the ESS facility is defined in the Technical Design Report completed in 2012. In 2013 the organization focussed on developing construction plans and gaining support from ESS stakeholders. This year completes the transition from planning into the construction phase.

ESS relies heavily on the engagement of partners from collaborating institutions within Europe as well as internationally. The plenary presentation will highlight the ESS technical goals, construction plans including “in-kind” deliverables, and the current progress.

60 Oral 2-3 Advances in Coming Facilities (plenary) FS-12

as for Advances in CSNS

Hesheng Chen CSNS

61 Poster FS-P01 2. Facility Session

Three Years of Operational Experience with the High Intensity Ul- tracold Neutron Source at PSI

Bertrand Blau for the UCN Team

Spallation Neutron Sources, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

[email protected]

Abstract Ultracold neutrons (UCN), i.e. free neutrons with a kinetic energy of less than ~300 neV, can be stored in suitable vessels and observed for several hundreds of seconds, therefore making UCN ideal to study in detail the fundamental properties of the neutron. PSI’s spallation-based UCN source – dedicated solely to the production of ultracold neutrons – has been in routine operation for three years. It shares the proton beam (2.2 mA @ 590 MeV) in a pulsed mode with SINQ and the meson production targets at a duty cycle of 1%. The concept of this source is based on neutron production by proton induced spallation in a Zircaloy-canned lead target (‘cannelloni’ type), 3 followed by moderation in a 3.6 m D2O tank and conversion to ultracold neutrons in 30 liters of solid ortho-deuterium. Subsequently, the UCN are extracted by a vertical guide into a 2 m3 storage vessel and finally distributed via NiMo coated neutron guides to the experiments. The key component of the UCN source is the cold moderator containing 30 liters of solid ortho-deuterium kept at a temperature of ~5 K. The solid D2 serves to produce first cold and finally ultracold neutrons via phonon downscattering. Measurements have shown that the UCN yield strongly depends on the treatment of the D2 ice, especially on the exact procedure of solidification. We give a short overview of the facility as well as the cool-down procedure of the solid D2 moderator and we report on our various approaches to maximize the UCN yield. In addition, we present UCN measurements on densities and comparisons to detailed simulations.

62 Poster 2. Facility Session FS-P02

Comparison of observed and calculated ISIS TS1 Neutronic response

R Bewley , S. Ansell and G Skoro ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK

[email protected]

ISIS Target station 1 (TS-1) is almost 30 years old and therefore ISIS is presently running a feasibility study of upgrading the moderator/ Target assembly. Recently there have been many advances in target and moderator designs, largely brought about by computing power and the availability of software such as MCNPX [1] allowing detailed modelling of neutronic interactions. However, to have any confidence in the predictions of these complex models we would first like to show that these models can simulate the present neutronic performance of TS- 1. Unfortunately one cannot directly measure the neutron flux and time structure emitted from the moderator surface but we can measure it indirectly in the neutron detectors and monitors of the instruments. Therefore one has to account for the effects the instrument has on flux intensity and profile as well as time structure. To do this we have used Monte Carlo simulations of the neutron instruments using Mcstas [2], with the moderator output being supplied by the ISIS neutronics group. Modelling of TS-1 was carried out by creating an MCNPX model of the target, moderators, reflector, pipework and structures out to the edge of the bulk shielding a 6m. This included a full description of each shutter insert and all the collimation components (B4C/Steel) within those objects. All simulations were carried out by starting with 795MeV protons distributed in a flat topped Gaussian profile. The outputs were used to generate an instrument specific McStas moderator file.

For each face of each moderator (water, methane and hydrogen) measurements of absolute flux at sample position have been made (using a calibrated monitor) as well as measurements of neutron time structures taken from diffraction in backscattering mode (where the time structure completely dominates the resolution). In this paper we show that there is generally excellent agreement between the simulations and measurements. The authors believe this is the first time such a comprehensive study has been made of the simulated and calculated neutronic response of a neutron source.

[1] Calculations done using MCNPX version 2.7.0 https://laws.lanl.gov/vhosts/mcnp.lanl.gov/mcnp_publications.shtml#mcnp5_refs

[2] P. Willendrup, E. Farhi and K. Lefmann, Physica B, 350 (2004) 735

63 Poster FS-P03 2. Facility Session

New Sorgentina Fusion Source (NSFS) Experimental Facility Supporting Materials Research

Patrizio Console Camprini1, Maurizio Angelone2, Davide Bernardi1, Manuela Frisoni1, Antonino Pietropaolo2, Mario Pillon2 and Aldo Pizzuto2 1ENEA Centro Brasimone Research Centre, 40032 Camugnano (BO), Italy, 2ENEA Frascati Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 45 00044 Frascati (Roma) Italy [email protected]

Abstract Within the framework of research and development on fusion technology, a 14 MeV neutron source has long been considered as a key facility to perform irradiation tests supporting design and licensing of DEMO reactor. In this context, New Sorgentina Fusion Source (NSFS) project has been proposed taking advantage of well-established D-T generators technology, properly scaled in order to design a bright neutron source of some 1015 n/sec. It is based on multiple 200 keV deuterium and tritium ion beams, produced and accelerated by means of ion generators and extraction grid proven technology currently utilized in neutral injectors at large experimental tokamaks. Beams deliver several Amperes towards a deuterium-tritium enriched layer on a rotating target where fusion reactions take place. Tests on materials damage upon neutron irradiation are intended to be performed with the actual 14 MeV neutron spectrum typical of fusion reactors. NSFS project is intended to be carried out within national as well as international collabora- tions in order to provide a fusion-related neutron source but also a multi- purpose facility. In present contribution, the main facility characteristics are highlighted along with expected irradiation performances. Possible implementations towards a multipurpose utilization of available neutron beamlines will be discussed.

64 Poster 2. Facility Session FS-P04

Benchmarking the Neutronic Performance of the Cold Neutron Source at Australia’s OPAL Reactor

Huayou Wu, Shane Kennedy, Weijian Lu, George Braoudakis Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia [email protected]

Abstract The cold neutron source (CNS) at Australia’s 20 MW multi-purpose research reactor (the OPAL Reactor) contains 20 L of liquid deuterium operating at ~ 24 K under sub- cooled condition. The CNS fully illuminates two tangential, symmetrical neutron beams. The CNS moderator chamber contains a re-entrant cavity designed to enhance the brightness of cold neutrons in one of the neutron beams. In this presentation, we will present both computational and experimental results to demonstrate the neutronic performance of the CNS and the effects of the re-entrant cavity.

Canceled

65 Memo Session 3

Target and Moderator Development

3-1 Target 3-2 Moderator 3-3 Utilities and remote handling

Fireworks in Mito city Oral TM-01 3-1 Target

Implementation of pitting mitigation for the JSNS Hg target

Masatoshi Futakawa1, Katsuhiro Haga1, Hiroyuki Kogawa1, Takashi Naoe1, Takashi Wakui1 1J-PARC Center

[email protected]

Abstract Confined mercury targets are used in the high power pulsed spallation neutron sources, SNS and JSNS, because of its good neutron yielding efficiency, cooling performance and damageless material as targets. The damage, so-called pitting damage, which is induced by the cavitation due to pressure wave propagation in mercury and is concentrated on the interface between mercury and the confined vessels, is a critical issue to determine the lifetime and the acceptable proton beam power. To understand and mitigate this phenomenon, aggressive R&D is carried out internationally in particular under collaboration between ORNL and J-PARC. In the presentation, the recent progresses will be introduced; i.e. pitting damage observed in target vessels, microbubbling mitigation, in-site monitoring, double flowing target, etc.

68 Oral 3-1 Target TM-02

Operational Experience and Plans for the SNS Hg Target*

John Galambos1 1Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

[email protected]

Abstract SNS has operated targets with higher power and exposure over the past 1-2 years. Since early-life target failures in the fall of 2012, no unexpected target failures have occurred, despite record beam power and MW-hours of exposure. The latest target experienced about 4200 MW-hrs of beam exposure and an average beam power over 1 MW. Cavitation damage of the recently exposed targets will be discussed, and compared to the earlier target experience. Other topics that will be discussed include 1) an inspection of the inner reflector plug assembly, 2) a recently installed modified mercury flow target to alleviate cavitation damage and 3) a removable shroud target to facilitate possible leak location detection.

* ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.

69 Oral TM-03 3-1 Target

Progress of the ESS monolith design and engineering solutions for target and moderator systems

Rikard Linander, Daniel Lyngh, Ulf Odén European Spallation Source

[email protected]

Abstract The on-going project for construction of the European Spallation Source (ESS), the 5 MW long-pulsed neutron research facility in Lund, Sweden, has entered the phase in which design work and development are focused on realising solutions that shall satisfy well-defined requirements. The Target Station, which converts the pulsed proton beam delivered by the linear accelerator to cold and thermal neutron beams tailored for neutron science applications, consists of several systems. Each of these elements offers unique design challenges for the engineering teams both in terms of providing the necessary primary function and in satisfying complex requirements for physical and functional interfaces between systems. The monolith, which houses the target, the moderators and several other essential systems, shall provide sufficient radiation shielding and retain the internal helium atmosphere properties within specified limits. Some of the associated engineering challenges are to define and meet support and alignment requirements; to find solutions for safe, robust and efficient replacement of components; to choose appropriate yet cost effective materials for the shielding structures; and to create a design that allows the construction to respect a tight installation plan. Within the monolith, the moderator and target systems, whose optimal performance is critical to the overall performance of the facility, present similarly complex design challenges. This paper will present the progress and status of the design work for the ESS target monolith as well as summarising the engineering solutions adopted for the target, moderators and other components of the monolith.

70 Oral 3-1 Target TM-04

Thermal Hydraulic Design of Double-walled Mercury Target Vessel

Katsuhiro Haga, Takashi Naoe, Takashi Wakui, Hiroyuki Kogawa, Hidetaka Kinoshita, Masatoshi Futakawa Japan Atomic Energy Agency

[email protected]

Abstract For the mercury target of a pulsed spallation neutron source of J-PARC, cavitation damage of the target vessel wall which is caused by the pressure wave in mercury induced by high power pulsed proton beam of 1 MW is the crucial issue 1). So far, the analytical and experimental studies2) and the operational experiences of SNS suggest that the rapid mercury flow can mitigate the cavitation damages. In order to include this effect into the target design of J-PARC, we adopted doubled-walled structure to the beam window of the target vessel. The mercury flow channel with a narrow gap of 2 mm was made by adding an inner wall to just inside of the beam window. In order to investigate the mercury flow distribution and flow field, numerical simulations were carried out using the conventional code, ANSYS FLUENT. While the mercury velocity outside of the narrow channel was 1.2 m/s, the mercury velocity in the narrow channel increased to almost 4 m/s, which was promising to suppress the cavitation damages. The effect of the inner wall failure of the narrow channel on the mercury flow was also evaluated assuming that the round hole with a diameter from 10 mm to 60 mm was created on the inner wall at the center of the beam window. The simulation results showed that the mercury flow velocity in the narrow channel was almost the same with the case without a hole. These results indicate that the effect of rapid mercury flow to mitigate the cavitation damage is kept even if the damage hole is created on the inner wall of the narrow channel. As a matter of fact, it is observed at SNS that the outer wall of the narrow channel was not damaged while the inner wall had damages penetrating throughout the wall thickness. In this presentation, the thermal hydraulic design of the double-walled target will be presented including the simulations in case a failure occurred on the inner wall.

1) M. Futakawa, et.al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth., A 562, 676-679 (2006). 2) M. Futakawa, et.al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., Vol. 45, No. 10, p. 1041–1048 (2008)

71 No.3 Target and Moderator development Oral TM-05 3-1 Target

Post-irradiation examination of the MEGAPIE target Y. Dai1*, D. Kuster1, M. Martin1, M. Wohlmuther1, R. Zubler1, J. Henry2, C. Bisor2, A. Michaux2, C. Latge2 1Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland, 2 CEA/DEN, Franc *[email protected] Abstract

One of the important goals of MEGAPIE (Megawatt pilot experiment) is to understand the behaviour of structural materials of the target components exposed to high fluxes of high-energy protons and spallation neutrons in flowing LBE (liquid lead-bismuth eutectic) environment by conducting post-irradiation examination (PIE). The PIE includes four major parts: non-destructive test, radiochemical analysis of production and distribution of radionuclides produced by spallation reaction in LBE, analysis of LBE corrosion effects on structural materials, T91 and SS 316L steels, and mechanical testing of the T91 and SS 316L steels irradiated in the lower part of the target.

The non-destructive test (NDT) including visual inspection and ultrasonic measurement was performed in the proton beam window area of the T91 calotte of the LBE container, the most intensively irradiated part of the MEGAPIE target. The visual inspection showed no visible failure and the ultrasonic measurement demonstrated no detectable change in thickness in the beam window area.

The corrosion effect of LBE on the structural components under intensive irradiation was investigated by metallography. The results show that no evident corrosion damages. However, unexpected deep cracks were found in the EBW (electron beam weld) of the LBE container. In the SS 316L steel of the flow guide tube, inclusions or precipitates enriched with O, Si, S, Ca, Ti and Mn were observed.

The degradation of the mechanical properties of the T91 steel has been investigated by conducting tensile tests on the specimens extracted from the T91 liquid metal container. The results obtained from the proton beam window of the T91 calotte exhibit a good ductility of T91 steel after irradiation at 6-7 dpa (displacement per atom) in contact with flowing LBE.

72 No.2 Facility session/Strategies for next stepsOral at facilities 3-1 Target TM-06

Target Station upgrade at LANSCE M. Mocko1 1LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 [email protected] Abstract The highest-power target station currently in operation at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is the short pulse spallation neutron source providing cold and thermal neutrons to a broad range of scientific disciplines. The Lujan Center facility has been providing neutrons to a wide international scientific community through a user program for more than two decades. Our facility employs a highly compact and complex target moderator reflector shield (TMRS) assembly that is currently in its fourth generation [1]. Over the years service the TMRS system went through numerous changes/upgrades based on our continuous operating experience. The present fourth-generation TMRS assembly (Mark-III) has been installed in summer of 2010. It features the first-ever implementation of a cold beryllium reflector-filter equipped liquid hydrogen moderator among other operational and performance improvements. The projected lifetime for the current Mark-III assembly is 2018-2019. The target neutronics Canceled team at LANSCE is exploring opportunities in upgrades to performance and operational reliability of the next-generation (Mark-IV) TMRS assembly.

We will briefly summarize the evolution of this target station at LANSCE and emphasize the current operating experience with the Mark-III TMRS assembly. The main part of our contribution will be devoted to discussing the upgrade options under consideration at this time.

REFERENCES: M. Mocko, G. Muhrer in Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 704 (2013) 27-35

73 Oral TM-07 3-2 Moderator

Moderator performance characterization, operational experience, and plans at JSNS

M. Teshigawara, M. Harada, M. Ooi, H. Tatsumoto, H. Takada. Neutron source section, J-PARC Center [email protected]

Abstract An accelerator-based short-pulsed-spallation-neutron-source was developed to emphasize the neutron science in J-PARC. Three hydrogen moderators (coupled, decoupled and poisoned moderators) based optimization study were installed in J-PARC. In order to characterize short pulsed source, 100% para hydrogen, Ag-In- Cd decoupler and Cd poison sheet were applied. Especially for coupled moderator, the unique optimization, such as large sized cylindrical para hydrogen shape coupled with optimized water premoderator, gave the higher neutron intensity, which has achieved to provide the highest neutron intensity per pulse in the world at 300kW proton-beam-operation. It’s on the way to upgrade the beam power, finally will be up to 1MW in 2016. In order to confirm moderator design and para hydrogen converter performance, the combination method as gaseous hydrogen sampling from the hydrogen circulation loop and Laser Raman spectroscopy was applied to enable the direct para hydrogen fraction measurement in the hydrogen circulation loop. On the other hand, the moderator should be replaced in every 6 MWyears due to neutron irradiation. A plan of 2nd moderator fabrication is under way. We modify the design, such as invar use, reduction of vacuum layer in H2 transfer line and introduce of manifold structure, to make more easer moderator fabrication. In this paper, we report these results.

74 Oral 3-2 Moderator TM-08

SNS Second Target Station Moderator Studies

Franz X. Gallmeier, Wei Lu, Erik B. Iverson, B. Riemer, J.K. Zhao, K.W. Herwig, L. Robertson Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA [email protected]

Abstract Moderator performance studies were conducted to scope out a perspective target-moderator-reflector configurations for a second SNS target station (STS) for providing long-wavelength pulsed neutron beams with prime peak brightness. STS was assumed to receive 467 kW proton beam power at 1.3 GeV proton energy in short-pulse structure (<1 us pulse length) at 10 Hz repetition rate. At this beam power, a stationary compact solid tungsten target was deemed to be the preferred target choice to receive the flat proton beam in a 30 cm2 area for delivering a bright, locally very confined neutron source. Cylindrical supercritical para-hydrogen moderators with three neutron extraction ports were the moderators of choice in a coupled arrangement with ambient water premoderators for neutron scattering instruments needing peak intensity beams; box-shaped decoupled centrally poisoned para-hydrogen moderators were investigated for high-resolution instruments. Both, coupled and decoupled moderators, we optimized the moderator configurations for the standard-sized viewed area of 10x10 cm2 and downsized square viewed areas with the smallest size of 2x2 cm2 tuning the moderator position and size, the premoderator size as applicable, and the target and proton beam aspect ratio to arrive at optimized cold neutron pulse peak brightness using MCNPX imbedded into global opti- mizer framework. Fully converged performance calculations were performed for the resulting optimized arrangements. We obtained gains in peak brightness for energies below 10 meV over the SNS first target station moderators for the standard-sized viewed area configurations of a factor 5 and 2.5, for the coupled and decoupled moderators, respectively. Additional peak brightness gains of a factor of 2 and 3 were demonstrated for down-sizing the viewed area from 10x10 cm2 to 2x2 cm2, for the coupled and decoupled moderator, respectively.

75 Oral TM-09 No. 3. Target and Moderator Development3-2 Moderator (Workshop) Moderator configuration choice for ESS L. Zanini1, K. Batkov1, E. Klinkby1,2, F. Mezei1, E. Pitcher1, T. Schönfeldt1,2, A. Takibayev1 1European Spallation Source ESS AB, Sweden 2DTU - NuTech, Roskilde, Denmark [email protected]

Low-dimensional moderators have been recently proposed for use in spallation neutron sources or reactors [1,2]. Quasi-two dimensional, disc shaped moderators, can provide strong brightness increase (factor of 3 or more) with respect to volume para-H2 moderators, which constitute the reference, state-of-the-art technology for high-intensity coupled moderators. Even higher effects can be found in quasi one-dimensional, “tube” moderators. This paper first examines the physics aspects of low-dimensional moderators and the factors that lead to brightness increase. Because of the particularity of the cross section for pure para-H2, this material is particularly apt for a brightness increase; however, also for water there is a significant effect. The importance of the reflector will also be discussed. The paper then describes how these aspects drove the design and the optimization work for the moderator configuration for the European Spallation Source. Different design and configuration options were evaluated and compared with the reference volume moderator configuration (with two 13-cm high cylinders) described in the ESS Technical Design Report [3]. 1. K. Batkov, A. Takibayev, L. Zanini and F. Mezei, Unperturbed moderator brightness in pulsed neutron sources, Nuclear Instrum. Methods A 729 (2013), 500. 2. F. Mezei, L. Zanini, A. Takibayev, K. Batkov, E. Klinkby, E. Pitcher, and T. Schönfeldt, Low dimensional neutron moderators for enhanced source brightness, in press, Journal Neutron Research, 2014. 3. ESS Technical Design Report, ESS-doc-274, ISBN 978-91-980173-2-8 (April 23, 2013). URL http://eval.esss.lu.se/DocDB/0002/000274/015/TDR_onli%ne_ver_all.pdf

76 Oral 3-2 Moderator TM-10

Moderator optimisation studies for ESS

K. Batkov1, E. Klinkby1,2, F. Mezei1,3, E. Pitcher1, T. Schönfeld1,2, A. Takibayev1, L. Zanini1 1European Spallation Source, 2DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, 3Hun- garian Academy of Sciences [email protected]

Abstract Starting operations in 2019, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be a pulsed neutron source with an unprecedented brightness, thanks to a 5 MW proton beam impinging on a high-density target. The neutronic optimisation of the target-moderator-reflector assembly is at the core of the work and must take into account many challenges that a 5 MW proton beam power presents in terms of heat deposition, radiation damage, fatigue, and so on. In this work an optimisation study of the flat moderator configuration [1, 2] proposed for the ESS is presented.

1. K. Batkov, A. Takibayev, L. Zanini, F. Mezei, Unperturbed moderator brightness in pulsed neutron sources, Nuclear Instrum. Methods A 729 (2013), 500-505. 2. F. Mezei, L. Zanini, A. Takibayev, K. Batkov, E. Klinkby, E. Pitcher, and T. Schön- feldt, Low dimensional neutron moderators for enhanced source brightness, in press, Journal Neutron Research, 2014.

77 Oral TM-11 3-2 Moderator

Using SSW and ROOT to study advanced brightness features for the ESS

T. Schönfeldt, K. Batkov, E. B. Klinkby, B. Lauritzen, A. Takibayev, P. K. Willendrup and L. Zanini DTU - Nutech, Roskilde, Denmark; ESS A/B, Lund, Sweden; DTU - Physics, Lyngby, Denmark [email protected]

Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS) will start operation in 2019 and will be the most powerful spallation source ever build. Neutrons will be produced by interaction of a 2.0 GeV, 5 MW long pulsed proton beam impinging on a rotating tungsten target. Neutrons will be extracted from the target moderator reflector system and transported to the experiments using advanced neutron optics systems, positioned as close as 2 m from the moderator center. Due to the transport invariant nature of brightness, this has been used as a natural figure of merit for ESS.

Historically brightness is measured at some point in space, averaging over the entire moderator surface, using a point detector and a collimator in simulations. This method is an efficient tool for optimizing neutrons sources to the figure of merit, it is however not revealing anything details on hotspots or geometrical distributions of the brightness. This study uses MCNPX to simulate different heights of moderators at the ESS, but instead of the commonly used point detector approach, a Source Surface Write (SSW) card is used to study the full phase space of neutrons arriving on the beam extraction window at 2 m.

The brightness as a function of different variables of phase space, including time distribution and wavelength spectrum, has been fitted to pseudo-phenomenological functions for different moderator heights. In consistence with earlier studies, this study shows that the geometrical distribution from the moderator and the surroundings is anisotropic. Furthermore, the study shows that the flat moderator shows signs of directional dependence in brightness, making it the first directional moderator at a high power spallation source.

78 Oral 3-2 Moderator TM-12

Characterization and Benchmarking of the Neutron Flux at the SINQ Thermal Beam Lines for the SINQ Upgrade Project

V. Talanov1, D. Cheptiakov1, U. Filges1, S. Forss1, T. Panzner1, V. Pomjakushin1, E. Rantsiou1, T. Reiss1, U. Stuhr1, M. Wohlmuther1

1 Paul Scherrer Institut, 5223 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

[email protected]

Abstract

The development of neutron sources continuously aims for the increase of the neutron fluxes. A project of conceptual studies, targeted to increase the performance of the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source SINQ at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland, was started in 2014. In order to couple those developments with the existing infrastructure constraints and the scientific requirements, an integral approach to the SINQ upgrade was proposed, under which all SINQ components — target, moderators and neutron beam lines — will be investigated for their upgrade potential. To provide the reference values for the upgrade studies, an experimental characterization of the current performanceCanceled of the SINQ neutron beam lines was initiated in 2013. At present, the employed experimental methods included irradiation of imaging plates for analyzing the beam uniformity, and activation of gold foils for determining the total and epithermal neutron fluxes. Parallel to the characterization program, the results of the measurements are benchmarked against MCNPX simulations performed using the “as-built” model of SINQ. We report the current results of the neutron flux measurements at the SINQ thermal beam lines and the comparison between measured and simulated neutron fluxes, and discuss the issues relevant to the MCNPX simulations of neutron transport from the moderator to the instruments.

79 Oral TM-13 3-2 Moderator

Neutronics modelling for the ISIS TS1 upgrade

Goran Skoro, Stuart Ansell ISIS Facility, STFC, RAL, UK [email protected]

Abstract Following the successful validation of the current ISIS target station 1 (TS-1) neutronics model, the objective of this work is to re-assess the Target, Reflector and Moderator (TRAM) assembly of the ISIS TS-1 to determine the possible improvements available by replacing these components. The goal is to deliver an upgrade model, which improves the scientific output from all neutron beamlines, provides the largest collective gain, keep the instruments pulse time characteristics virtually unperturbed, and can be built with minimum risk. A number of the MCNPX models of the TS-1 future TRAM assembly have been prepared by ISIS neutronics team. It should be noted that upgrade models include the existing void vessel and existing shutter system out to typical guide positions. The new models have been optimized as part of the CombLayer package allowing extensive parametric and component selection without compromising the detailed engineering requirement. Therefore, models contain sufficient engineering reality (cooling channels, clearance gaps, shutter inserts, etc.) for reasonably accurate comparison. The upgrade models have been benchmarked against a baseline TS-1 model taking into account flux and time distribution of all existing TS-1 instruments. The best models show that significant benefits can be achieved without modification to existing instruments, making the upgrade an inexpensive, low risk project.

80 Oral No. 3 Target and Moderator Development3-2 Moderator TM-14

CombLayer : A fast parametric MCNP(X) model constructor Stuart Ansell ISIS Facility, STFC, RAL, U.K. [email protected]

MCNP(X) Monte Carlo neutronic modeling has now reached the level that large simulations of spallation sources from proton beam to instrument detectors and shielding can simulated in one model. These models have the majority of the engineering aspects (e.g. pipework) described in detail. However, directly building an MCNP(X)’s input for a large geometry is highly time consuming and almost all the features of MCNP(X) that allow that process to be made simpler for the user (e.g. universes, lattices etc) increases the simulation runtime by orders of magnitude. The solution is to simply ignore all the helper options in MCNP(X) and treat MCNP(X) as an assembler. In this scenario a higher level language compiler, in the spirit of the original Fortran language, is required. The result of this concept is CombLayer. CombLayer is designed to facilitate the rapid production of complex MCNPX models that depend on a long list of ranged variables and a number of module flags. It helps with placement of tallies, maintaining consistent material cards and sufficient variance reduction to beat any human entered configuration. The model is written in C++ to build an object orientated program that describes the geometry. The geometry components can be linked together, intersected and joined using link points and surfaces. The resultant MCNP(X) output can be rapidly (few seconds) checked to ensure that there are no lost particles and other typcial defects. This work describes how to use CombLayer to build models of facilities, with examples from ISIS TS1/TS2, SNS, ESS, Delft etc, typically with >2000 variables that can be changed within their range to carry out optimizations. Additionally, the object oriented form of all model components allows exchange of most parts to done with a simple command line flag. This facilitates “shopping list comparison” e.g. a set of differnt cold moderators to be done. CombLayer has now produces over 750,000 different geometric models at ISIS, and has hit a level of maturity that has allowed it to be used in other facilities. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/SAnsell/CombLayer.

81 Oral TM-15 3-2 Moderator

ISIS Target Station 2 Reflector Modifications

Stephen Gallimore, Daniel Coates, Sean Higgins, David Jenkins & Leslie Jones – ISIS, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK [email protected]

Following the successful completion of the second target station (TS2) Phase 1 project at ISIS in July 2009, the phase 2 project was initiated. This phase of the project is to deliver 4 new instruments. The design of 2 of these beam lines require modifications to be made to the TS2 reflector; a direct view of the target for ChipIR and widening the view of the coupled moderator’s grooved face for the LARMOR instrument. In addition to these changes other beneficial modifications were identified and included in the new design. The modified reflector will be installation in the ISIS’ long operational shutdown in 2014. This paper will provide greater detail of the changes made and report on the progress of the installation and commissioning.

82 Oral No.3 Target and Moderator development3-2 Moderator TM-16

Development of moderators and reflectors for CSNS Wenting Du, Chunming Hu, Chaoju Yu, Jianfei Tong Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [email protected]

Abstract Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) has been constructed in 2011, and will be completed in 2017. Moderators and reflectors system is one of the core components in CSNS. There are three moderators totally, namely, the decoupled and poisoned hydrogen moderator, the coupled hydrogen moderator and the decoupled water moderator. Moderators are inserted into an aluminum alloy vessel which contains beryllium and stainless steel reflectors. The moderators and reflectors are designed into a whole plug, MR Plug, so as to move the plug into or out of the core vessel of CSNS easily. The structure design of moderators and reflectors system which has passed the final review is introduced in this paper. Structure strength analysis is presented. The manufacture of prototype of DPHM has completed, and fomal moderatros and reflectors are being fabricated. Some technical problems will also be discussed.

83 Oral TM-17 3-2 Moderator

The pelletized cold neutron moderator at the IBR-2 reactor. The first experience of exploitation.

Sergey Kulikov1, V. Ananyev, A. Belyakov, M. Bulavin, K. Mukhin, E. Shabalin, A. Verhoglyadov 1Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR [email protected]

Abstract The start up of the first cold moderator at the modernized IBR-2 reactor with a maximal power of 2 MW has been successfully done recently. The moderator chamber charged within mesithylene beads. Technological system of moderator worked properly through whole workong cycles. The method of “pin-hole” within neutron PSD have been used for monitoring of charging process by taking neutron count picture of moderator in direct geometry. An average moderator’s temperature has been about 30 K. Gain factor up to 13 times has been measured in comparison of cold neutron spectra from the surface of cold moderator and spectra from a water moderator at room temperature. The moderator successfully worked more than 2000 MW ours of reactor operation time. The first experience of exploitation and obtained results will be presented in the talk.

Move to NMC-02

84 Oral 3-2 Moderator TM-18

Technological system for controlling and monitoring operation of the cryogenic moderator at the IBR-2M reactor

M.V. Bulavin, S.A. Kulikov, E.P. Shabalin, A.P. Sirotin, V.K. Shirokov, T.B. Petukhova Joint Institute for Nuclear research, IBR-2 reactor [email protected]

Abstract In 2012 cold neutrons were generated for the first time with the cryogenic moderator CM-202 at the IBR-2M reactor. Cryogenic moderator contains a chamber, which is filled with a neutron moderating material and is cooled to low (20-100K) temperatures. This new moderator system uses small spherical beads of a solid mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene derivatives) as the moderating material. Cryogenic moderator is a very complex installation. Also it has a complex technological system for controlling and monitoring moderator operation. This system consists of some parts: temperature monitoring module, helium pump control module, batcher motor control module, control system of filling the moderator chamber, pressure control system, beads movement and gas consumption monitoring module.

85 Oral TM-19 3-2 Moderator

CAB models for water: new scattering kernels for the interaction of thermal neutrons with water

J.I. Márquez Damián1, J.R. Granada1 and D.C. Malaspina2

1Departamento Física de Neutrones and Instituto Balseiro, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina, 2Computation, Modeling & Bioinformatics Center, Northwestern University, Evan- ston, IL, USA

[email protected]

Abstract

We have recently produced new scattering kernels for the evaluation of the thermal neutron scattering law for light and heavy water. We based our approach on combining the best available structural data with molecular dynamics simulations. Besides a careful treatment of the translational motion including molecular diffusion represented with the Egelstaff-Schofield model, the inelastic coherent contribution was computed according to the Sköld approximation. With this methodology we generated a set of new thermal neutron scattering files in ENDF-6 format using the LEAPR module of NJOY. The calculations based on these new models show an improvement over existing evaluations when compared with measurements of differential and integral scattering data. Similar agreement is observed at temperatures above room temperature for the normal liquids. Also, the use of the new thermal scattering library for heavy water, combined with the ROSFOND-2010 evaluation of the deuterium cross sections, results in an improvement of the C/E ratio in 48 out of 65 benchmark cases calculated with the Monte Carlo code MCNP5, in comparison with the existing library based on the ENDF/B-VII evaluation.

86 Oral 3-2 Moderator TM-20

A New Method in Assisting Moderator Study at SNS

Wei Lu1, Franz X. Gallmeier1, Erik B. Iverson1 and Troels Schönfeldt2 1Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA 2Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark [email protected]

Abstract Traditionally in studying moderator performance, the intensity spectrum or the emission time distribution of the moderator is tallied at the moderator viewing surface. While it tells the end results of the moderator output, it takes extra arduous work to understand where neutrons come from. Taking advantage of the PTRAC card in MCNPX and the particle analysis tool ROOT, in this new method we are able to store the complete history of the collisions for the neutrons of our interest to serve various purposes for studying the moderator performance. The massive PTRAC data generated in MCNPX simulation is reduced by a factor of 100 to 1000 by branching out just neutrons reaching the detector region and by converting into the tree structure of the ROOT data format, whereas the collision history is preserved intact. Compared to the traditional method, the computation time of the new method is equivalent though it generates a tera-byte-sized ROOT file with a hive of structured neutron collision information ready for analysis. With this method applied to the decoupled hydrogen moderator at SNS, it is demonstrated here how the ROOT formatted data was utilized to first validate with the results from the traditional method, then to generate a two dimensional emission neutron source term serving the purpose for the precise neutron beam divergence simulation of the instrument beamline, and to resolve a puzzle of the slowed slopes in the tails of the neutron pulses at SNS.

87 Oral TM-21 3-3 Utilities and Remote Handling

SINQ Utilities and Remote Handling System: 17 Years of Operational Experience

Bertrand Blau, Kurt Geissmann, F. Heinrich Spallation Neutron Sources, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland [email protected]

Abstract PSI’s spallation source SINQ looks back on nearly 17 years of successful and highly reliable operation. A key feature for this success is the use of a solid lead-cannelloni type target and a reliable heat removal system. The target receives a continuous 1 MW proton beam (1.65 mA @ 590 MeV). It is cooled by two separate heavy water loops, one for the target rods and one for the beam entrance window. Due to an evolutionary development of the solid target concept the neutron yield has been improved by a factor of 2.19 since the beginning. The target is replaced every two years on a regular basis using a remote controlled target exchange flask. A target replacement is carried out within 8 weeks. Apart from a heavy water moderator at ambient temperature SINQ is equipped with a cold moderator containing 20 liters of liquid deuterium at 1.5 bar and 25 K. The cold moderator is cooled by a stand-alone helium refrigerator with a cooling capacity of 3 kW at 20 K. Starting from room temperature the moderator is ready for operation after about 6 hours. The high availability of around 99 % could be sustained over the past years due to continuous maintenance of all subsystems including major replacements wherever necessary. Latest example is the replacement of the complete control and monitoring system. We give a short overview of the facility’s main components and the most recent and envisaged endeavors. Our experience with various auxiliary systems and with the target exchange process will be presented.

88 Oral 3-3 Utilities and Remote Handling TM-22

Operational experience on utilities and remote handling on ISIS

David Haynes Target Operation Group, ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory [email protected]

Abstract The ISIS Facility at RAL has been producing neutrons for science from the original Target Station (TS1 – 40/50Hz) since 1984. The second, lower power, low-repetition-rate Target Station (TS2 – 10Hz) came on line in 2008. Although the two Target Stations are different in many ways they do both have the same basic layout and the same main components: A moveable target, reflector and moderator (TRAM) assembly in which the neutrons are produced. A Remote Handling Cell (RHC) located behind the TRAM for maintenance and repair operations. A Target Services Area (TSA) located behind the RHC containing cooling plant and cryogenic coldboxes. In each Target Station neutrons are produced when the proton beam from the ISIS accelerator hits a tungsten target positioned in a helium filled void vessel. Water cooling channels remove the heat generated in the target via the cooling plant located in the TSA. Moderators (ambient water, liquid CH4, liquid H2, solid CH4) slow down the neutrons escaping from the target and these moderators are surrounded by water-cooled beryllium reflectors which scatter neutrons back into the moderators. In operation, all TRAM components become highly radioactive. The complete TRAM assembly (along with cooling plant, cryogenic systems and shielding plugs) is rolled back to withdraw the TRAM from the void vessel into the RHC for maintenance. The RHCs have a pair of master/slave manipulators on each side, an overhead crane which is remotely controlled, and all RHC operations are viewed through shielding windows and video cameras with zoom and focus capability. This presentation will highlight the many routine procedures such as target and moderator changes carried out over the life of ISIS, as well as more complex and unusual work such as complete reflector replacements, void vessel door seal changes, water filtration and numerous unscheduled repairs.

89 Oral TM-23 3-3 Utilities and Remote Handling

The ESS target station hot cell facility and associated logistics

Magnus Göhran, Lennart Åström, Paul Erterius European Spallation Source [email protected]

Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS), Lund, Sweden will be a 5MW long pulsed neutron research facility with planned commissioning in 2019. Connected to the target station building, a hot cell facility will deal with the large, heavy and complex radioactive components as they reach their lifetime limit after service in the neutron research facility. The hot cell will be unique in its design for this specific reason. A special precondition for ESS, being a green field facility, is that there is neither a heritage nor any logistical constraints, which is often the case for existing facilities. The ESS will be operational for around 40 years once commissioned and the hot cell facility will be operative during the complete operational phase of ESS as well as being an important facility during the decommissioning phase of the ESS. This requires the design to have a very high degree of flexibility in order to adapt to changes of target station component designs as well as changes of the functional requirements for the hot cells themselves. This paper will describe the current design progress of the ESS hot cells as well as the planned waste logistics with ALARA, BAT (best available technique) and oper- ator ergonomics as the main drivers for the design, also modularity, upgradability, redundancy and availability are important factors for the planning of the in-house transport of radioactive components as well as processing of radioactive waste in the hot cells.

90 Oral 3-3 Utilities and Remote Handling TM-24

Operational experience on utilities and remote handling on J-PARC

Hidetaka Kinoshita, Masakazu Seki, Hideki Ueno, Masaaki Hirane, Hiroshi Takada, and Masatoshi Futakawa Neutron source section, J-PARC Center, JAEA [email protected]

Abstract A Materials and Life Science Facility (MLF) in the J-PARC has been operated 6 years after the first proton beam injection to the mercury target for spallation neutron source in May 2008 and 7th year operation was started in this year. About the proton beam power, it is stabilized about 300-kW. And it is planned to increase towards 1 MW. As for the utility system in the MLF, final operation tests were conducted from about one year before the first beam injection and the 8th year has come in this year. The maintenance of the each components of the utility system has been conducted as planned and the operation of the utility system is stabilized safely. More- over, also about the remote handling system used as common equipment, it is used for maintenances, examinations, etc. of the irradiated components in the MLF. And also its own maintenance has been corresponded continuously. In November, 2011, the First target vessel replacement was experienced and after that the operation of the mercury target system was continued safely. This paper shows the operation situations and experienced works for the utility system, the remote handling system, and etc. in the MLF.

91 Poster TM-P01 3. Target and Moderator Development

Pressure wave reduction due to gas microbubbles injection in mercury target of J-PARC

H. Kogawa*1, T. Naoe1, T. Wakui1, K. Haga1, M. Futakawa1, H. Takada1 1: Neutron source section, J-PARC center, JAEA *E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Reduction of cavitation damage on a vessel wall of a mercury target is an important issue to prolong lifetime of the target vessel in the MW class pulsed spallation neutron sources. The cavitation damage occurs due to the collapse of the cavitation bubble near the vessel wall. The cavitation bubble is produced by the negative pressure which is generated by the rapid expansion of the target vessel wall caused by the load of the pressure waves. Reduction of the pressure waves is one of technique to reduce the cavitation damage. A helium gas microbubble injection system was installed in the mercury target system in J-PARC (the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) to reduce the pressure wave and it has been operated since November in 2012. During the operating period until May in 2013, the mercury flow rate and the injected gas flow rate were lower than the rated value because the ventilation of the gas accumulated in the target vessel did not work sufficiently. Howev- er, we confirmed that the pressure wave was reduced by 2/3 in comparison with the operation without the microbubles injection. After improving the ventilation during the maintenance period in 2013, the injected gas flow rate has been increased 4 times than ever with recovery of the mercury flow rate. This leaded to improve the pressure wave reduction rate up to 1/3. In the presentation, the relationship between the reduction ratio of the pressure wave and the injected gas flow rate for the microbubble injection will be presented with a new activity to mitigate the cavitation damage such as the gas layer concept.

92 Poster 3. Target and Moderator Development TM-P02

In-situ structure integrity evaluation for high-power spllation neutron source using a laser Doppler method

Tao Wan1, Masatoshi Futakawa2, Takashi Naoe2, Takashi Wakui2, Katsuhiro Haga2, Hiroyuki Kogawa2 1 Nuclear transmutation section, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2 Neutron source section, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency [email protected]

Abstract High power accelerator driven pulsed spallation neutron sources are being developed in the world. Mercury is used as a target material to produce neutrons officially via the spallation reaction induced by injected protons. At the moment of the proton injection, the mercury vessel with a double wall structure is impulsively excited by the interaction between mercury and solid wall. The vibrational signals were measured in noncontact and remotely by using a Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) system to evaluate the structure integrity. The extreme damages were assumed as the first step, i.e., the inner structure was partly broken by erosion. The dependency of vibrational behaviors on the damage was systematically investigated through numerical simulations and experiments. A LDV was installed to monitor the dependency of an electro-Magnetic Impact Testing Machine (MIMTM) vibration on the damage size. Through the numerical simulation, it was found that the target vessel vibration depends on the damage size. A technique referred to a Wavelet Differential Analysis (WDA) has been developed to enhance the effect of damages on the impulsive vibration behavior. However, the vibration signals obtained from MIMTM contain considerable noise. In order to reduce the noise effect on the impulsive vibration behavior, the statistical methods referred to an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was applied. Numerical simulation results that obtained from controlling the damage size, were firstly added to random noise with various levels manually, and then were analyzed by the statistic methods. Then, the field data that measured from the real mercury target was analyzed. The results represent that the combination of WDA and ANOVA/ANCOVA could effectively indicate the damage dependency.

93 Poster TM-P03 3. Target and Moderator Development

Very high-cycle fatigue behavior in mercury target vessel for high-power pulsed spallation neutron source

Xiong Zhihong1, Takashi Naoe2, Masatoshi Futakawa3, Takashi Wakui2, Hiroyuki Kogawa2, Katsuhiro Haga2, Katsuhiro maekawa1 1 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University 2 Neutron source section, MLF Division, J-PARC Center, JAEA 3 MLF Division, J-PARC Center, JAEA [email protected]

Abstract A high-power spallation neutron source is installed in the J-PARC. High-power pulsed proton beam with an energy of 3 GeV and a power of 1 MW is injected into the liquid mercury to produce spallation neutrons. The enclosure vessel of liquid mercury, which is made of 316L stainless steel, is suffered from the cyclic loading due to the proton beam-induced pressure waves. The number of loading cycles will be beyond 108 to giga-cycle region throughout the expected service life. In and around giga-cycle region, the fatigue failure occurs under the fatigue limit which is defined by the conventional fatigue test up to million cycles. In addition to the cyclic loading, the strain rate at the beam window of the target vessel reaches to 50 1/s at the maximum, which is much higher than the conventional fatigues. In this work, ultrasonic fatigue tests were conducted with controlling specimen surface temperature to investigate effects of the temperature and the work hardening that simulates the irradiation embrittlement on very high-cycle fatigue strength of 316L SS. The experimental result showed that the obvious fatigue limit was not observed up to 109 cycles, and the fatigue strength was reduced about 75 % of R.T. around 250 ºC regardless of the work hardening, which was the conceivable maximum temperature of the beam window at the 1 MW operation. Furthermore, abrupt increase of surface temperature was observed in both of solution annealed and cold worked specimens just before fatigue failure. This may be caused from the thermoelasctic effect of the crack and this phenomenon will be a clue to know the crack of the target vessel.

94 Poster 3. Target and Moderator Development TM-P04

Status update on the ESS Target systems development

Rikard Linander, Ulf Odén European Spallation Source [email protected]

Abstract The on-going project for construction of the European Spallation Source (ESS), the 5 MW long-pulsed neutron research facility in Lund, Sweden, has entered the phase in which design work and development are focused on realising solutions that shall satisfy well-defined requirements. The Target Station, which converts the pulsed proton beam delivered by the linear accelerator to cold and thermal neutron beams tailored for neutron science applications, consists of several systems. Each of these elements offers unique design challenges for the engineering teams both in terms of providing the necessary primary function and in satisfying complex requirements for physical and functional interfaces between systems. The Target systems, consisting of the tungsten target wheel, the drive, and the associated helium cooling system, have undergone optimisation and development during the preliminary design phase. Issues that have been studied include the helium coolant pressure and temperature level, internal flow paths and patterns, seal leak rates, manufacturability, integration with moderator and reflector components, remote handling strategies and waste management. This paper is a status update on the ESS Target systems development; presenting specified parameter values, discussing chosen design solutions and addressing upcoming engineering challenges.

95 Poster TM-P05 3. Target and Moderator Development

An investigation into the suitability of additive manufacturing techniques for neutron moderator vessels.

Stephen Gallimore, Colin Souza, Stephanie Thomas, Liam Whitelegg, Sean Higgins & David Jenkins – ISIS, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK [email protected]

Additive manufacturing (also known as rapid prototyping or 3D printing) techniques are increasing in popularity for several key reasons; greater freedom in possible geometry, reduced time of manufacture and connected to these are potential cost savings. ISIS has begun an investigation into the suitability of the various available techniques for the manufacture of neutron moderator vessels, in order to see if it can exploit these advantages. It is however understood that additive manufacturing is by no means a perfect technique and part of the investigations will be to try and better understand how some of the disadvantages of the technique affect its potential application within the spallation neutron environment. Some of the main disadvantages commonly listed are; the grades of materials available/suitable for the process are limited, virtually no pre-existing material data from radiation environments, lower quality surface finish (directly from the manufacturing process), less familiarity with residual stresses in the material and questions over whether tight tolerances and consistent material thicknesses be achieved? The work has been divided into two streams; one which utilises small samples to evaluate and compare different manufacturing and post-treatment techniques, the other that performs tests on a full-size representative moderator vessel. The complete programme of testing shall include the following tests; fundamental ‘neutronic transparency’, room temperature vacuum leak test, cold shock (using LN2) and subsequent room temperature leak test, pressure cycling, a burst test, welding suitability and material data testing. The investigations being conducted at ISIS are very much in the early stages and looking at fairly fundamental questions. Answering these will clearly guide the decision whether is it worth continuing with further investigation and development or if the currently available techniques do not produce materials that are suitable for use as moderator vessels. This paper will present and discuss testing methodologies and results from planned tests in 2014.

96 Poster 3. Target and Moderator Development TM-P06

The Mockup of the Decoupled & Poisoned Hydrogen Moderator in CSNS

HU Chunming, YU Chaoju, DU Wenting, TONG Jianfei Institute of High Energy Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences [email protected]

Abstract The CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source) is a medium flux spallation neutron source under construction now。The proton beam power is 100 kW in Phase 1, and will be upgraded to 500 kW at a later date. There are three moderators totally in CSNS, namely, the decoupled & poisoned hydrogen moderator (DPHM), the coupled hydrogen moderator (CHM) and the decoupled water moderator (DWM). As the key parts in CSNS, the two hydrogen moderators with their cryogenic transferring pipelines are very complicated compact equipment, so it is a very big challenge for us to fabricate them. To validate our design rationality and to find the reasonable fabrication process，we have finished a full-scaled mockup of DPHM in the two last years. The DPHM mockup includes two parts, the main body and the cryogenic transferring pipeline with a quick-dissemble-connection flange. The main body is a four layer compact container, with a liquid-hydrogen moderator container inside and surrounding a vacuum, helium and pre-moderator water vessels. The all vessels are composed of 6061-T6 aluminum alloys. At the center of the liquid hydrogen moderator vessel, is a 0.5-mm-thick cadmium sheet covering with aluminum alloy used to “poison” the moderator. This sheet is vertical and parallel to the long axix of the container with 5mm offset. The vaccum vessel is covered by a 0.6mm thick sheet of cadmium on the outside wall as decoupler. This decoupler is used to cover all ex- cept those faces through which neutrons are viewed. To reduce welding operation, the main part of the helium vessel and the pre-moderator vessel is machined as a whole part with wire-electrode cutting technique. The all welding in the main body was operated with EBW. The cryogenics transferring pipelines are of multilayer-sleeve-structure, which made of S.S.316. The innermost two parallel hydrogen pipes are made of Invar36, surrounding a vacuum and helium pipelines. The materials of the vacuum and helium pipelines are S.S. 316. The mockup fabrication was finished completely in March this year, and the final test results indicated the all dimension and performance parameters meet the design qualification. The fabrication of the formal DPHM is beginning now.

97 Poster TM-P07 3. Target and Moderator Development

Brightness measurement of the cold neutron source at SINQ, PSI

U. Filges, E. Rantsiou, T. Reiss, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther

Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

[email protected]

Abstract

Recurring characterization and benchmarking of moderator performance at spallation neutron sources is necessary to ascertain the moderator is working as expected. Furthermore, the data collected during the measurements are important to verify the computational models, which - prior to building the moderator - are used for optimizing the design and predicting the increase in neutron flux. Thus, a brightness measurement is carried out at SINQ, PSI to characterize the cold neutron source. The brightness is measured at the ICON facility. Additionally, a detailed MCNPX model of the SINQ is used to calculate the neutron flux and to compare the results with the measurements. Experience gathered during the measurement can be useful for future similar projects at other facilities, while in the case of good agreement between the measurements and the simulations the confidence in the used codes and models increases.

98 Poster 3. Target and Moderator Development TM-P08

Development of a small accelerator-based cold neutron source.

Chris Franklyn, Radiation Science Dept., Necsa, Pretoria, South Africa. [email protected]

Abstract Necsa operates a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator dedicated to the production of an intense source of neutrons (>1012 neutrons per pulse) for materials research. Due to the pulsed nature of the RFQ operation, it has been recognized that implementation of a pelletized cold neutron moderator, such as the system at IBR-2, JINR, would be feasible in the RFQ accelerator facility, yielding a usable cold neutron flux due to the intense primary fast neutron flux.To enhance the directionality of the cold neutrons modelling of novel combinations of neutron reflectors and moderators are discussed. In general, radiation resistance of moderator materials is the first priority in the design of advanced cold neutron sources. Recent research at JINR on possible alternative moderator materials identified solutions of mesitylene (1,3,5-three- methylbenzene) as a potential candidate for utilization in pulsed neutron source environments. To further enhance the operation time of the pelletized moderator in depth studies of the composition and properties (viscosity, density, condition of polymerization and so on) of irradiated mesitylene mixtures (for example mesitylene plus toluene or xylene) are necessary. The following tasks are being implemented: 1. Design and construction of a facility to produce pelletized mesitylene at Necsa. 2. Model, design and construct an accelerator based cold neutron target station including the use of a matrix of neutron reflectors and moderators to directionally enhance the cold neutron flux. 3. Physical property changes of beads, irradiated at different doses and then melted, will be studied including proneness to polymerization. 4. Analysis of experimental neutron spectrum, with a comparison of neutron fluxes with traditional moderators.

99 Poster TM-P09 3. Target and Moderator Development

Measurements of Neutron Beam Performance at the Spallation Neutron Source

E. B. Iverson, F. X. Gallmeier, W. Lu, T. C. McClanahan, M. B. R. Smith Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA [email protected]

We present an overview of performance measurements at Spallation Neutron Source neutron beam-lines, including spectral fluxes, emission time distributions, transverse intensity distributions, beam divergence, and beta-delayed neutron contamination. We highlight integrating performance measurements with instrument commissioning measurements where possible. We extract from some of these measurements details of guide performance, moderator characteristics, and target physics, including guide (mis-)alignment, apparent ortho-para hydrogen composition in hydrogen moderators, poison depletion, and non-linear accelerator power dependence. Our measurements show that design-basis simulations of target/moderator performance were largely accurate, but that the coupling between target/moderator performance and scattering instrument (guide) performance was occasionally problematic. Additionally, the details of the observed performance of the observed hydrogen moderator performance strongly suggest neutronically significant levels of ortho-hydrogen in the moderator system. These measurements provide the basis for the design of new scattering instruments, the validation of simulation techniques for the design of short pulsed spallation sources, and active monitoring of performance parameters related to component lifetime and fitness-for- service.

100 Poster 3. Target and Moderator Development TM-P10

Water helium mixture for use in neutron sources as premoderator, coolant and leak detection at the same time

Y. Beßler1, M. Butzek1, G. Natour1, R. Linander2 1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 2European Spallation Source ESS AB [email protected]

Abstract Subject of the present report is the investigation of the feasibility of using helium as tracer gas for leak detection for a water system in close vicinity to a cryogenic surface.

In order to minimize the heat load to the hydrogen moderator, a vacuum isolation is necessary. This is achieved by adding a second vessel that surrounds the cold moderator. Due to excessive nuclear heating the second container wall has to be actively cooled. This cooling can be realized by the water used as a premoderator. A leak in any of the vessels must be possible to detect by the machine protection system and the target safety system, in order to take appropriate action to prevent further unacceptable consequences. The following scenarios are possible: In case of a big crack in one of the two vessels the vacuum would collapse and thus the situation would be detected. For capillary cracks in the moderator vessel small amounts of hydrogen will flow into the vacuum gap and vaporize. These hydrogen molecules can be detected at the vacuum pump. However, for capillary cracks in the vacuum wall small amounts of water will flow into the vacuum gap. The water would vaporize first and then freeze out as soon as it gets in contact with the cold surface of the liquid hydrogen moderator vessel. Thus, a layer of ice can build up until it forms a thermal bridge. In this case, the vacuum would not collapse and no detectable gas will reach the vacuum pump. Such a crack can therefore remain undetected. In order to handle the last mentioned case the basic idea is to mix the water of the premoderators with small amounts of helium. Thus, the helium and water mixture may be used simultaneously as a premoderator, as a coolant and as a leak detection mechanism. The ongoing studies will show whether it is feasible to inject helium into the water system, that helium will not freeze out together with the water and that it will find its way to the detection system at the vacuum pump.

101 Poster TM-P11 3. Target and Moderator Development

Welding processes of high-strength aluminum alloys for using in cold sources

P. Stronciwilk1, Y. Beßler1, W. Behr1, M. Butzek1, G. Natour1 1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH [email protected]

The presented report will first draw attention to problems on welding of hardenable aluminum alloys and in the following compare potential welding process, taking into account the operating conditions.

With increasing proton beam power the requirements for the vessel material of a cold source are getting more severe. In addition to the need to be nearly transparent for cold and thermal neutrons, the material strength plays an increasingly important role. Aluminum is particularly well suited in for applications of neutrons as a vessel material. But the strength values of the most popular alloys are inadequate. Only when using heat-treatable alloys all requirements can be adequately met. The high material strength of the heat-treatable alloys is based on a tempering process, which can only be maintained at a relatively low operating temperature. Among other issues, for the choice of the welding process it must be taken into account that the energy input during welding does not lead to loss of local temper condition. Furthermore, heat treatable aluminum alloys are prone to hot cracking and pore formation. The hot cracking can be reduced by addition of silicon or magnesium. The tendency for pore formation, however, is based on the solubility of hydrogen in the melt, which rapidly decreases during solidification. To reduce the formation of pores it is necessary to eliminate the hydrogen source as far as possible. This can be realized for example by welding in a vacuum chamber. It is further noted that aluminum alloys experience no allotropic phase transformation during the welding process. In contrast to steel, the strength decreases in the joint area. Moreover, the high expansion coefficient of the aluminum leads to problems in the design of the pipe work. Finally, therefore, a friction welding process is presented showing weldability of aluminum to an alternative material which reduced thermal expansion coefficient.

102 Poster 3. Target and Moderator Development TM-P12

Engineering perspective of the ESS Moderator and Reflector systems

Rikard Linander, Daniel Lyngh European Spallation Source [email protected]

Abstract The on-going project for construction of the European Spallation Source (ESS), the 5 MW long-pulsed neutron research facility in Lund, Sweden, has entered the phase in which design work and development are focused on realising solutions that shall satisfy well-defined requirements. The Target Station, which converts the pulsed proton beam delivered by the linear accelerator to cold and thermal neutron beams tailored for neutron science applications, consists of several systems. Each of these elements offers unique design challenges for the engineering teams both in terms of providing the necessary primary function and in satisfying complex requirements for physical and functional interfaces between systems. The Moderator and Reflector systems are a central part of the ESS and directly impact the overall performance of the facility. These are defined as the plug holding the neutron moderators and reflectors as well as the associated cryogenic fluid and refrigeration systems. The recent development of the neutronic design of flat moderators and their application and use by the neutron scattering systems has called for a re-engineering of the moderator and reflector systems for the ESS. In addition, this novel moderator concept has a major impact on the layout of the monolith and the remote handling procedures. This paper presents the ESS Moderator and Reflector systems from the engineering perspective. Different aspects of the moderator concept chosen for ESS are addressed, focusing on the latest progress of the development work.

103 Poster TM-P13 3. Target and Moderator Development

Progress of the Au-In-Cd alloy decoupler development in JSNS

Motoki Ooi, Makoto Teshigawara, Masahide Harada, Takashi Naoe, Takashi Wakui, Yoshimi Kasugai 1 Neutron source section J-PARC Center [email protected]

Japan Spallation Neutron Source (JSNS) is a 1 MW spallation neutron source in Ja- pan. Two decoupled hydrogen moderators in which Ag-In-Cd alloy was employ as a decoupler material. We realized that decoupling energy of 1eV with the Ag-In-Cd alloy. However, the Ag-In-Cd alloy has a demerit on high dose rate (20Sv/h @1m after 1 year cooling) remains after usage. In order to remove the demerit, we proposed to use Au-In-Cd alloy as a decoupler material which composition is 74.9, 0.5 and 24.6 atom% respectively. [1] Dose rate of the Au-In-Cd alloy is three orders lower than the Ag-In-Cd alloy. Along the way, we have developed the method to produce Au- In-Cd alloy with a small furnace with an infra-red heater. [2] For the practical use of the Au-In-Cd alloy, bonding between Au-In-Cd alloy and Al alloy as moderator vessel is required. We examined bonding with Hot Isostatic Pressing method and reached bonding strength of 60 MPa, which is twice of the required. [3] In the previous studies, ~160g was a limit of the Au-In-Cd production due to the furnace size and the heating method. In order to make the actual moderator, about 6 kg of Au-In-Cd alloy is required. We made a larger furnace, which employed core tube and resistive heater, for mass production of the Au-In-Cd alloy. The furnace is designed to make 3 kg of the alloy at once. We are also trying to change the forming method of the alloy. In the previous studies, we use wire electric discharged machining to cut the Au-In-Cd alloy for HIP specimens. However, this method loses more than 10% of the alloy as cutting mar- gin. Therefor we tried to form the Au-In-Cd alloy by rolling or hot forming. In the rolling process, cracks are occurred around reduction ratio of 50%. On the other hands, due to the surface tension of the Au-In-Cd alloy, the thickness of the alloy becomes ~6 mm on the flat plane. So, using the weight on the alloy and we can control its thickness. In this paper, we will report the detail of the Au-In-Cd alloy production and forming for moderator manufacturing and current status of the Au-In-Cd decoupler development.

[1] M. Harada, M. Teshigawara, F. Maekawa, M. Futakawa, J. Nucl. Mater. 398 (2010) 93. [2] M. Ooi, M. Teshigawara et.al, J. of Nucl. Mat. 431 (2012) 218–223 [3] M. Ooi et al., J. Nucl. Mater. (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jnucmat.2014.01.007

104 Poster 3. Target and Moderator Development TM-P14

Very high-cycle fatigue behavior in mercury target vessel for high-power pulsed spallation neutron source

105 No.3 Target and Moderator Development Poster TM-P15 3. Target and Moderator Development

Progress on the Design of the Target Station for the European Spallation Source Eric Pitcher, on behalf of the ESS Target Division European Spallation Source ESS AB [email protected] Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS) project has entered the construction phase, with groundbreaking scheduled to take place this year. A 2-GeV, 5-MW proton beam operating at 4% duty factor drives the production of spallation neutrons within the target. This duty factor and high proton beam power place demanding requirements on the target station whose principal function is the production and delivery of cold and thermal neutron beams to a suite of neutron scattering instruments. To meet these requirements, the ESS project has selected a rotating tungsten target cooled by flowing helium. Preliminary design of many of the major components of the target station is nearing completion. Recent evolutions in the design have focused on increasing performance, improving the ease of replacing activated components, reducing construction or operating costs, or reducing technical risk. On the target wheel, the helium flow path has changed and the operating pressure has been increased from 3.5 to 10 bar. The mechanical design has been modified to allow for easier disassembly of the target for disposal. The project has adopted a flat moderator that yields a nearly three-fold increase in neutron source brightness, and the mechanical design of the upper moderator-reflector plug has undergone significant design changes that greatly simplify its remote handling. The monolith vessel has been reduced in diameter and the mechanical design of the bulk shielding changed to allow greater use of low-cost shield material. These changes are leading to a target station that will have improved performance that is easier to service, with potentially lower construction and operating costs.

106 Poster 3. Target and Moderator Development TM-P16

Alternative target designs for power upgrade of the TS1 target at the ISIS Neutron Facility

Cristian Bungau1, Adriana Bungau1, Robert Cywinski1, Robert Edgecock1, Matt Fletcher2 1University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK 2ISIS Neutron Facility, UK [email protected]

Abstract ISIS is one of the world’s most powerful spallation neutron sources for the study of material structures and dynamics. Currently ISIS has two spallation targets, TS1 operating at proton beam powers of up to 200 kW, and TS2 operating to 45 kW. This paper focuses upon an upgrade study of TS1 with the goal of increasing the ultimate operating power to 1 MW and beyond. During this study we have taken into consideration the necessity of maintaining the spallation neutron pulse width at current values. The increased heat deposition was monitored and the target plates dimensions were modified to take this into account. Preliminary studies of an alternative molten metal target capable to cope with a higher power are also included.

107 Poster TM-P17 3. Target and Moderator Development

Characterization and Benchmarking of the Neutron Flux at the SINQ Thermal Beam Lines for the SINQ Upgrade Project

V. Talanov1, D. Cheptiakov1, U. Filges1, S. Forss1, T. Panzner1, V. Pomjakushin1, E. Rantsiou1, T. Reiss1, U. Stuhr1, M. Wohlmuther1

1 Paul Scherrer Institut, 5223 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

[email protected]

Abstract

The development of neutron sources continuously aims for the increase of the neutron fluxes. A project of conceptual studies, targeted to increase the performance of the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source SINQ at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland, was started in 2014. In order to couple those developments with the existing infrastructure constraints and the scientific requirements, an integral approach to the SINQ upgrade was proposed, under which all SINQ components — target, moderators and neutron beam lines — will be investigated for their upgrade potential. To provide the reference values for the upgrade studies, an experimental characterization of the current performance of the SINQ neutron beam lines was initiated in 2013. At present, the employed experimental methods included irradiation of imaging plates for analyzing the beam uniformity, and activation of gold foils for determining the total and epithermal neutron fluxes. Parallel to the characterization program, the results of the measurements are benchmarked against MCNPX simulations performed using the “as-built” model of SINQ. We report the current results of the neutron flux measurements at the SINQ thermal beam lines and the comparison between measured and simulated neutron fluxes, and discuss the issues relevant to the MCNPX simulations of neutron transport from the moderator to the instruments.

108 Session 4

Integrated Interface

4-1 Integrated Interface (Plenary) 4-2 Integrated Interface (Evening Panel Discussion)

Yamizo river in Mt. Yamizo Oral II-01 4-1 Integrated Interface (plenary)

No. 4: Organizational Integrated Interfaces: Interface Past Experience and some Lessons Learned

Roger Pynn, Indiana University, Bloomington and Oak Ridge National Laboratory [email protected]

Abstract

A major source of inefficiency in complex organizations is the lack f o effective communication between groups dedicated to particular functions within the organization. Neutron scattering facilities are NOT an exception to this rule. While an industrial company’s profit may be affected by the lack of communication between engineers and salespeople, neutron sources simply change the names of the competing groups to things like “target engineers” and “instrument scientists” and replace “profit” with “scientific output”. I will give a few examples of broken interfaces from my personal experience at neutron centers in different countries. These experiences are by no means unique but do serve to illustrate important lessons. I will suggest that neutron facilities could benefit from studying industrial experience of interface management.

110 Oral 4-1 Integrated Interface (plenary) II-02

Neutron moderators, beam extraction and delivery to sample

Ferenc Mezei1,2 1ESS AB, Lund, Sweden, 2MTA Wigner Research Center, Budapest, Hungary [email protected]

Abstract Initially direct view from the sample to the neutron emitting source moderator surface was the interface between neutron generation and the scattering instruments. With time, nickel coated neutron reflecting guides have come to define this interface, primarily for cold neutrons, often without direct view of the source for reducing fast neutron transmission. ILL was the first neutron facility where neutron guides essentially determined the basic lay-out. With the advent of supermirrors, guides became the general interface for both thermal and cold neutrons and made the distance between source moderator and sample a parameter of flexible choice. In the past 15 years specifically shaped guides allowed us to multiply transform the phase space occupied by the neutron beam along its trajectory from the source to the sample, for purposes such as drastically reducing the beam reflectivity losses for long guides or the diminution of the flux due to an extended gap between the end of the guide and the sample. Extending the band width of the delivered beam spectrum beyond that of a single moderator is another established use of neutron mirror systems. The limits set by Liouville theorem for the beam intensity on the sample can generally be approached with steadily improving efficiency, routinely well exceeding 50 % over the whole spectral range to be delivered with a divergence not exceeding the cut-off angle of the best available supermirror coating.

111 No.4-1 Integrated Interface Oral II-03 4-1 Integrated Interface (plenary)

Five years of the ISIS Second Target Station: from ideas to operational instruments Sean Langridge ISIS, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom [email protected] Abstract ISIS1 is a unique spallation neutron source operating two target stations: a medium power target and a low power, low repetition rate target station. The low power target station (TS-2) produced its first neutrons in August 2008 and went into an operational mode in August 2009 with seven instruments2. The performance of these instruments is exceptional. More recently, we have commenced the construction of four further instruments3 to be brought into operation by 2015. In this talk, we shall discuss some of the central challenges in delivering TS-2 instruments into the user programme in an efficient and timely manner. Given the complex nature of the instruments and the requirement that they are operationally sustainable and accessible for both expert and non-expert users we shall highlight the importance of applying an integrated and holistic methodology to their delivery. This connected approach is central and consistent from the initial design through to implementation and finally to operations.

1 http://www.isis.stfc.ac.uk/instruments/instruments2105.html 2 http://www.isis.stfc.ac.uk/about-isis/target-station-2/ 3 http://www.isis.stfc.ac.uk/about-isis/target-station-2/phase-two-instruments8150.html

112 Oral 4-1 Integrated Interface (plenary) II-04

Optimisation of the ESS instrument suite for pancake moderators

Ken Andersen1 1European Spallation Source, P.O. Box 176, 221 00 Lund, Sweden [email protected]

Abstract Recent neutronics studies have shown that large increases in the brightness of para-H2 moderators can be achieved by reducing their height. The performance of a suite of 24 instruments has been evaluated as a function of moderator height. Combining this design work with the expected brightness gains resulting from the reduction in the moderator height allows us to evaluate the overall instrument gains and propose the optimum moderator configuration. The instrument redesign work has been a community effort distributed among the ESS partner countries, allowing us to confidently make a decision on the best moderator design for the ESS as a whole. Implementing pancake moderators will result in an overall increase in instrument performance at the ESS of at least a factor of two, compared to the moderator design published in the ESS Technical Design Report

113 Oral II-05 4-1 Integrated Interface (plenary)

instruments - advanced modeling of Neutron scattering data at SNS and SNS-TS2 approach on moderator-instruments interfaces

Garrett Granroth ORNL

114 Oral 4-1 Integrated Interface (plenary) II-06

Experiences on Integrated Interface at J-PARC/MLF

Hiroshi Takada1 1Neutron source section, J-PARC Center [email protected]

Abstract The pulsed spallation neutron source of J-PARC (JSNS) was designed to achieve best performance under close discussion between instrument scientists and neutron source engineering group. Representative specifications are as follows; 1) The coupled moderator supplying high intensity cold neutrons was allocat- ed bottom of the target independently while the decoupled and poisoned moderators for high resolution experiments were placed upper side of the target. 2) One shutter gate with single-channel neutron beam hole was prepared for individual neutron beam line so that users could use it exclusively. The followings are more detailed examples of integrated interface. 1) Neutron instruments using the poisoned moderator such as high-resolution powder diffractometer, were required to allocate each other as narrow as possible because the pulse shape of the thermal and cold neutron degrade as the extraction angle increases from the normal to the moderator surface. We finally determined the narrowest angle between the beamlines as 6.7° considering the structural feasibility of the shutter interstitial blocks. The position of poison plate (cadmium) was determined 2.5 cm from the moderator surface as a result of assessing requirements from the instruments. 2) The horizontal reflectometer (BL16) required two beamlines with different extraction angles of 2.22° and 5.71° with respect to the horizontal plane from the coupled moderator. Special insert, a steel block having two holes with rectangular cross section, was installed to make two beamlines in the helium vessel. A 2m long shutter insert was also designed to have two guide tubes for those beamlines, although one of beamline was selectable. The design of shutter inserts, validating netronic performance of new neutron beamline by the neutronics design group is also related to the integrated interface of J-PARC/MLF. Those examples will be also introduced.

115 Poster FacilityII-P01 Session or Integrated Interface4. Intergrated Interface Fast Neutron Applications at ESS Alberto Milocco1, Stuart Ansell2, Luca Zanini3, Giuseppe Gorini1 1Physics Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, 2ISIS Neutron Source, RAL labs, 3 Target Division, ESS [email protected] Abstract

Europe is working towards the construction of a 5 MW, 2 GeV spallation neutron source, the European Spallation Source (ESS). The primary goal of the ESS neutronics effort has been to optimize the thermal and cold neutron spectra in the beamlines devoted to condensed matter research. Nonetheless, fast neutron and/or proton spectra originating from the spallation process might be utilized parasitically without disturbing the beamlines' performance, by adding suitably designed irradiation ducts in the monolith to the target or by irradiation of samples close to the target. We address three of such applications: i) a station for test irradiation on materials that are interesting for fusion reactors, ii) a room for triggering faults in electronic components at an accelerated rate, iii) a system for radioisotope production. The simulations are performed with MCNPX. The model is obtained from a CombLayer ( GPL C++ code developed at ISIS neutron source) realistic representation, allowing automatic, parametric, optimized and quick preparation of the MCNPX input files. Ideally, the fusion community would build ad hoc material testing facilities but their construction proves to be cumbersome. Thanks to the high energy neutron & proton fluxes, a spallation source can meet some of the fusion requirements. Sample materials would be placed close to the ESS target and irradiated for intermediate time periods. The fusion test station at ESS has been calculated to deliver up to ~20 Displacements Per Atom (DPA) per year in iron and a wide range of values for the ratio between Hydrogen or Helium production to DPA. The samples cooling is also addressed and an engineering solution is provided. Currently, there are only a few facilities for electronics chip irradiation around the world. The ESS has the potential to provide fast neutron beams of the highest intensity and a high energy cut off that far exceeds current capability. A full design an irradiation facility in the basement room of the ESS including the collimator, shutter and room shielding was modeled. Neutrons can arrive directly from the target, via a duct through the monolith. The facility provides neutron fluxes greater than 105 n/MeV/cm2/sec for E=700 MeV and the spectral agreement with the reference atmospheric neutron spectrum (from QINETIQ model at 15 Km) is excellent above 20 MeV. Finally, the extraordinary neutron and proton fluxes open the possibility to produce radioisotopes for medicine, such as 32P, 47Sc, 64Cu, 67Cu, 89Sr, 90Y, 169Er. The high energies at the ESS allow transmutation patterns that are not yet completely exploited.

116 ICANS XXI abstract submission

No 4 - Integrated Interface Poster 4. Intergrated Interface II-P02

Thermal Hydraulic and Thermo-Mechanical Design of the Proton Beam Window for ESS J. Wolters1, M. Butzek1, B. Laatsch1, Y. Beßler1, G. Natour1, P. Nilsson2, P. Sabbagh2 1Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany; 2European Spallation Source ESS, Lund, Sweden [email protected]

Abstract: The proton beam window for the European Spallation Source ESS will separate the 1 bar monolith helium atmosphere and the accelerator vacuum. In medium power spallation sources like ISIS , SINQ or the SNS source in Oak Ridge, cylindrical or spherical double walled water cooled windows are used, but during the design of the beam window for the spallation source SNS it became obvious, that this concept is already pushed to its limits at a beam power of 1.4 MW. A novel design concept called pan-pipe design was proposed for the ESS-PBW, which is optimized for high coolant pressures – as helium is the designated coolant for the PBW at ESS - and the typical pressure difference of 1 bar over the window. In the present study the detailed thermo-mechanical design of the PBW made of aluminium is shown. The main focus of the investigations was set on fatigue loading due to mechanical and cyclic thermal loads and on an optimized flexible interface between the PBW and its massive frame.

117 Memo Session 5

Accelerator and Beam Transport

5-1 Accelerator and Beam Transport #1 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport #2

Iris festival in Itako city Oral ABT-01 5-1 Accelerator and Beam Transport

J-PARC: The path to 1 MW at J-PARC, including 400 MeV linac improvement, RCS improvements, and plans for front end upgrades

Kazami Yamamoto 2nd Accelerator Section, Accelerator Division, J-PARC Center [email protected]

Abstract An accelerator system of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) operated since May 2008 for neutron experiments. The accelerator system consists Linac, Rapid Cycling synchrotron (RCS) and Main Ring. The original design of RCS injection energy is 400 MeV, but first operation was started by 181 MeV for budget reason. New acceleration cavities were installed in J-PARC linac summer shutdown of 2013, and user operation to Material and Life science Facility (MLF) with 400 MeV injection energy was started from February 2014. Owing to the beam commissioning with 400MeV injection energy, the amount of the beam loss was enough small and we established 300 kW continuous operation. In this paper, we report the present status and future plan of J-PARC linac and RCS.

120 Oral 5-1 Accelerator and Beam Transport ABT-02

SNS: Recent Advances in Power to Routine 1.3-1.4 MW Operation and Future Plans*

John Galambos1 1Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [email protected]

Abstract

The recent increase in the SNS operational beam power from ~ 1 MW to 1.4 MW will be discussed. Topics covered include 1) the path taken to increase the beam power, 2) the beam loss accompanying the power increase, 3) the beam reliability history. Also s plans for the accelerator improvement will be discussed. Short term plans are aimed primarily at providing reliable 1.4 MW operation by providing mar- gin in the beam energy, improving RF systems, and replacing the RFQ.

* ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.

121 Oral ABT-03 5-1 Accelerator and Beam Transport

ESS: The current ESS beam design and target interface

Mats Lindroos1 1ESS, Lund, Sweden [email protected]

Abstract: The ESS top level parameters of 5 MW, 3 ms pulse length and 14 Hz repetition rate are given by user requirements. The choice of 2 GeV, 62.5 mA and 2.87 ms pulse length were chosen at laboratory level and were largely technology driven e.g. the desire to keep beam current sufficiently low to avoid severe space charge issues resulting in the need of parallel front-ends. After technology choices had been made, the final set of requirements resulting in the ESS 2013 lattice design were derived in an iterative process with cost and beam dynamics issues being the two main driving parameters. In large, cost was pushed to a minimum with the emittance growth along the linac being used as a quality indicator. The beam is finally transported from the end of the last accelerating element to the target through a dog-leg and is rastered over the target surface. I will in this presentation review the ESS accelerator design process and I discuss the latest results for e.g. optics and collimation issues in the high energy beam transport section.

122 No.5 Accelerator and Target Interface Oral 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport ABT-04

Cyclotron-based high power neutron sources at PSI - operating experience and future outlook D. Reggiani, T. Reiss, M. Seidel, M. Wohlmuther Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland [email protected] Abstract The 1.3 MW PSI High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) operates concurrently two spallation sources, the continuous beam SINQ and the macro pulsed Ultra Cold Neutron (UCN) source. The talk discusses aspects related to beam operation, diagnostics, losses, and interlock. Moreover, an outlook on the SINQ proton beam line upgrade projects currently under study like a beam flattening system as well as the design of a muon extraction channel are presented.

123 Oral ABT-05 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport

The Path to 2.8 MW Operation for the SNS Accelerator*

John Galambos1 1Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [email protected]

Abstract

The Second Target Station (STS) calls for delivering twice the intensity per pulse in short pulse mode to the new target station, which corresponds to a 2.8 MW capable accelerator beam power capability. The upgrade path for this power increase will be discussed. It includes a beam energy increase to 1.3GeV, and a ~ 40% increase in the beam current. RF systems will have to accommodate the additional beam loading corresponding to the increased beam current. Much of the transport and ring systems are capable of handling the increased beam energy and intensity, but some improvements are needed and will be discussed.

* ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.

124 Oral 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport ABT-06

Accelerator Upgrades for the ISIS Facility

John Thomason ISIS Accelerator Division [email protected]

ISIS is the spallation neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK. Presently, it runs at beam powers of up to 0.2 MW. In recent years major plans for accelerator upgrades to the facility have assumed a move to the megawatt regime, with options for 1, 2 and 5 MW being considered. However, the current ISIS Target Station One Upgrade Feasibility Project suggests that in fact increased neutron output and user access may be better served by a more modest accelerator coupled to multiple highly-optimised target stations. This paper outlines the current thinking for an ISIS upgrade, considers how an optimised next generation neutron source which balances beam power, target and neutronic considerations may look, and presents the possible corresponding accelerator design scenarios.

125 Oral ABT-07 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport

Temporal Characteristics of the ESS Proton and Neutron Pulses

Thomas Shea, Eric Pitcher, Alan Takibayev, Luca Zanini, Ken Andersen, Luigi Celo- na, Paul Henry, Ferenc Mezei, and Heine Thomsen European Spallation Source [email protected]

Abstract The European Spallation Source will deliver 2.86 millisecond neutron pulses to neutron scattering instruments. The temporal character of these long neutron pulses depends on a number of factors such as the thermal neutron lifetimes in the moderator and reflector, and temporal fluctuations and trends in the proton current over the duration of the beam pulse. In addition, the proton beam delivery system produces an acceptable size on the target by transversely rastering a centimeter size beamlet during the time of each beam pulse. Since the moderator coupling depends on the proton beam position, this technique can lead to time-dependent neutron intensity. All of these factors affect the temporal structure of the neutrons delivered to the instruments in a wavelength-dependent manner. Simulation results will be presented, and the impact on instrument performance will be discussed.

126 Oral 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport ABT-08

Instrumentation and Machine Protection Strategy for the ESS Target Station

Linda Coney, Thomas Shea, Rikard Linander, Andreas Jansson, Eric Pitcher, Anni- ka Nordt, Cyrille Thomas, Heine Thomsen European Spallation Source [email protected]

Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS) linear accelerator will deliver a 5 MW, low-emittance 2 GeV proton beam directly to the target station at a rate of 14 Hz. The target is composed of helium-cooled plates of tungsten housed within a rotating wheel 2.5 meters in diameter. To limit power density, a transport line expands the proton beam to centimetre scale and rasters the expanded beam across the target surface. This technique produces a reasonably uniform current density that allows a service life of five years for the rotating tungsten target and six months for the upstream proton beam window. Conversely, the low emittance of the beam allows an errant spot size small enough to damage target station components within a single 2.86 millisecond pulse. A suite of instrumentation systems located within the target monolith and further upstream in the transport line will detect errant conditions in both the beam and target. Instrumentation dedicated to monitoring target properties such as helium coolant flow, target balance and motion will be located on the downstream side of the target away from the incoming proton beam. Proton beam density, position, current, and halo properties will be monitored upstream of the target. Precise synchronization of the beam pulse and target rotation will also be done using beam arrival measurements. Detection of off-normal conditions will trigger the suppression of beam production via the Beam Interlock System within the ESS Machine Protection System (MPS). This paper will introduce the primary causes of damaging beam properties and describe the measurement techniques that will detect them on a time scale sufficiently fast to mitigate component damage.

127 Oral ABT-09 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport

X/S-band Electron Linac Based Neutron Sources for Advanced Nuclear Science&Technology&Education

Mitsuru Uesaka1, Kazuhiro Tagi1, Daiki Matsuyama1, Takeshi Fujiwara1, Katsuhiro Dobashi1, Masashi Yamamoto2 and Hideo Harada3 1Nuclear Professional School/Dept. Nucl. Eng.&Manage., University of Tokyo, 2Ac- cuthera Inc.,3JAEA, Japan, [email protected]

Abstract We are developing 30 MeV X-band (11.424GHz) electron linac based neutron source for nuclear data study for the Fukushima nuclear plant accident. We should now accumulate more precise nuclear data of U, Pu, TRU and MA (Cm, Am, etc.) especially in epithermal (0.1-10 eV) neutrons for the near future analysis. We are going to install the neutron source into the core space of the experimental nuclear reactor “Yayoi” which is now under the decommission procedure. First we plan to perform the TOF (Time Of Flight) transmission measurement for study of the total cross sections of the nuclei for 0.1-10 eV neutrons. Electron energy, macro-pulse length, power and neutron yield are ~30 MeV, 100 ns – 1 ms, ~0.5 kW and ~1012 n/s, ~103 n/cm2/s at samples, respectively. We are also modifying the 3 MeV thermionic RF electron gun, originally for inverse Compton monochromatic X-ray source, to 20 keV thermionic gun and 5 MeV buncher to realize higher current and beam power with a reasonable beam size in order to avoid damage of the neutron target. We are optimizing the design of a neutron target (Ta, W). We start a neutron generation experiment in the current experimental room in 2014. We also have a research proposal to install a neutron target at the 35/18 MeV S-band twin electron linacs room and deliver a short pulsed neutron beam to the “Yayoi” room. Model experiment of melt fuel debris analysis for the Fukushima accident is planned for education and human resource development. Moreover, we consider 99mTc generation from 99Mo. We already have a basic design of 50 kW class S-band linac based neutron source for future on-site analysis in Fukushima and commercial medical RI production.

128 Oral 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport ABT-10

Development of Beam Shaping System Based on Non-linear Optics at JSNS

Shin-ichiro Meigo1, Motoki Ooi1, Atushi Akutsu1, Kiyomi Ikezaki1 and Hiroshi Fujimori2 1 J-PARC Center, JAEA, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan 2 J-PARC Center, KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

At the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), a MW-class pulsed neutron source named Japan Spallation Neutron Source (JSNS) and the Muon Science facility (MUSE) are installed in the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF). A 3-GeV proton beam is first introduced to the 20-mm-thick carbon graphite muon production target and then to the neutron production mercury target. To utilize the proton beam efficiently for particle production, both targets are aligned in a cascade scheme, where the muon target is located 33 m upstream from the neutron target.

As increasing of the beam power, the damage of the target becomes issues. Especially for a spallation neutron source with high power short pulse, damage at the target vessel enclosing liquid metal such as mercury was reported to be proportional to 4th power of the peak current density of the proton beam. Therefore, controlling of the peak current density is very important to achieve high power and high reliability beam operation. In order to reduce the peak density, a beam transport system based on non-linear optics with the octupole magnets has been developed at the JSNS, which is probably the first attempt for the hadron accelerator facility with a power of MW-class. High order magnetic field of octupole magnets bends particles at the fringe to the center of the target. The radiation dose around the targets has been extremely high because of high radiation activities were induced through the past beam operation. In September 2013, we installed two octupole magnets at about 50 m upstream from the targets where the radiation was relatively low. In February 2014, the beam profile was measured by the multi wire profile monitor (MWPMs) placed at 1.8 m upstream of the mercury target. By the excitation of octupole magnetic field, it was found that the intensity of beam at the fringe was decreased and the radiation in front of the neutron target station was decreased. The beam profiles obtained by the MWPM were compared with the calculation results with the DECAY-TURTLE code revised at PSI. It was found that the simulation results agreed well with the measurement for the case without beam irradiation on the muon production target. Although radiation dose increased slightly around octupole magnet measured with a sensitive plastic scintillator, the amount of beam loss obtained by the beam loss monitor utilized for beam operation was as low as allowable. The residual activity did not increase significantly around octupole magnets. By the present beam shaping system, 40 % of the peak reduction of the original design can be expected. 129 Oral ABT-11 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport

Recent progress of beam commissioning in the J-PARC 3-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron

Hiroyuki Harada1 and J-PARC beam commissioning group1,2 1Accelerator Division, JAEA/J-PARC Center 2Accelerator Division, KEK/J-PARC Center [email protected]

Abstract The 3-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is designed for a high-intensity output beam power of 1MW with high repetition rate of 25 Hz. The RCS accelerates a proton beam from 400 MeV to 3 GeV and delivers a high-intensity proton beam simultaneously to the neutron and muon production targets in the Material and Life science Facility (MLF) as well as the 50-GeV Main Ring synchrotron (MR). The injection energy of RCS was 181 MeV until Autumn 2014. The beam commissioning of RCS has started since Oc- tober 2007 and the startup of MLF user operation with output beam power of 4kW has done since December 2008.The beam power ramp-up of the RCS has steadily proceeded by progression in the beam commissioning and numerical simulation, hardware improvement and the careful monitoring of the trend of residual activation levels. The beam power for user operation before injection energy upgrade was reached to 300 kW. The injection energy of RCS has been upgraded from 181 to 400-MeV by adding an ACS linac section in 2013 Summer-Autumn maintenance period. The beam commissioning of the RCS after the LINAC upgrade has started since January 2014. In the beam commissioning, it was successful to mitigate the beam loss in the ring and restarted user operation with same beam power of 300kW since February 2014. This paper will report the recent progress of RCS beam commissioning after the 400MeV injection energy upgrade.

130 Oral 5-2 Accelerator and Beam Transport ABT-12

Localization of the beam loss caused by the foil scattering for high-intensity routine operation in the J-PARC 3-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron

Shinichi Kato1, Kazami Yamamoto2, Hiroyuki Harada2, Hideaki Hotchi2 and Michikazu Kinsho2 1Tohoku University, 2Accelerator Division, JAEA/J-PARC Center [email protected]

Abstract The 3-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of the Japan Proton Accelerator Re- search Complex (J-PARC) serves as a neutron and muon source for the Materials & Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) and as the injector for the 50 GeV main ring (MR). The RCS accelerates high-intensity proton beams from 400 MeV to 3 GeV with a repetition rate of 25 Hz and the designed output beam power is 1 MW. The RCS was commissioned in October 2007 and started up the user operation with a low power beam of 4 kW in December 2008. In order to achieve a high-intensity output beam power, the RCS adapts a H− charge-exchange multi-turn injection. The 400 MeV H− beam from the Linac is deliverd to the RCS injection point, where it is injected through a carbon stripper foil in order to strip two electrons and to convert into proton. In addition, the injection is divided into 308 turns during a period of 0.5 ms and each injection beam is added to the circulating beam repeatedly. Therefore, the both injection and circulating beams hit the foil and Coulomb or nuclear scattering occur repeatedly during the injection. Especially, large-scattered particles cause uncontrolled beam losses. Actually, the RCS has high activation levels downstream of the foil. In a high-intensity proton accelerator like RCS, beam loss is always issue in increasing the beam power in terms of keeping hands on maintenance. There- fore, it is very important to mitigate or localize beam losses. Thus, a new collimation system was developed and installed downstream of the foil in order to localize these losses in the summer maintenance period of 2011. In the beam commissioning after the installation, unique tuning method of the collimator has been established and consequently these uncontrolled beam losses were localized successfully. In this paper, resent progress of this system will be reported together the outline of collimation system.

131 Poster ABT-P01 5. Accelerator and Beam Transport

Plasma window study for gas target

Zhu kun, Huang sheng, Wang shaoze, Lu yuanrong, Guo zhiyu Peking University, China [email protected]

Plasma window is one of the windowless vacuum sealing techniques which can iso- late high vacuum cavity from low vacuum or atmosphere device by plasma. A test bench was constructed in the past two years. In this paper, preliminary experimental results are presented and discussed. A numerical 2D FLUENT-based magneto-hy- drodynamic model has been developed to investigate the sealing mechanism of plasma pressure difference distributed in plasma channel. The simulation results are consistent with the experiment results.

132 Poster 5. Accelerator and Beam Transport ABT-

Challenges for Next Generation Accelerator-based Neutron Sources

Kevin W. Jones Oak Ridge National Laboratory [email protected]

Abstract The presenter will chair Working Session 5 on Accelerator and Beam – Target In- terfaces. In this capacity he will moderate the discussion, aimed at identifying challenges for current and next-generation accelerator-based neutron sources to ensure effective performance for the international neutron scattering community. Dis- cussion will be facilitated between representatives from all current and proposed high-power pulsed and continuous accelerator-based neutron sources including PSI-SINQ, SNS, J-PARC, ISIS, LANSCE and other facilities. A summary of challenges and future directions will be provided at the conclusion of the workshops.

Canceled

133 Memo Session 6

Neutron Instruments

6-1 Reflectometry, SANS 6-2 Spectroscopy 6-3 Polarization 6-4 Diffraction and Imaging

The Cloth sailboat "HOBIKISEN" in Kasumigaura

No.6 Neutron Instruments Oral NI-01 6-1 Reflectometry, SANS LoKI - A Broad Band High Flux SANS Instrument for the ESS Andrew J Jackson1, Kalliopi Kanaki1, Clara Lopez1, Stewart Pullen1, Erik Nilsson1, Carolin Zendler1, Anders Sandström1, Torben Nielsen1, Phillip M Bentley1, Thomas Gahl1, Richard Hall-Wilton1, Iain Sutton1, and Ken Andersen1 1European Spallation Source, ESS AB, Lund, Sweden [email protected] Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be a long pulse 5MW spallation neutron source built in Lund, Sweden. It is expected that 7 out of a final suite of 22 instruments will enter commissioning in 2019, with the remainder coming online by 2025.

Since SANS instruments can operate with a somewhat relaxed resolution, there should be a large benefit from the ability to make use of most, if not all, of the long pulse and the significant flux gain over existing sources that this implies.

LoKI is a beamline designed primarily with the needs of the soft matter, biophysics and materials science communities in mind. The trend in all of these fields is towards complexity and heterogeneity. These factors are manifested both spatially and temporally and so high flux, small beam sizes and a wide simultaneous Q range are required.

We are thus constructing a 10 m + 10 m SANS instrument with the sample position 20m from the source. This provides a wavelength band of 10 Å whilst maintaining reasonable resolution. Combining this with multiple banks of detectors covering a large solid angle, maximal use is made of the flux available from the ESS source and measurements with up to 4 orders of magnitude in simultaneous Q range are possible.

136 No.6 Neutron Instruments Oral NI-02 6-1 Reflectometry, SANS Status of the Small and Wide Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument TAIKAN of J-PARC

J. Suzuki1, S. Takata2, K. Ohishi1, H. Iwase1, T. Tominaga1, T. Shinohara2, T. Oku2, T. Ito1, T. Nakatani2, Y. Inamura2, T. Morikawa1, M. Sahara1, T. Hosoya2, K. Suzuya2, K. Aizawa2, M. Arai2, T. Otomo3, M. Sugiyama4 1Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan 2J-PARC Center, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan 3High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan 4Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0494, Japan [email protected] Abstract The small and wide angle neutron scattering instrument TAIKAN has been developed and utilized at the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) for studying nanostructure and hierarchical structure of materials and its related dynamics with high structural and time resolution. For the study TAIKAN has a detector system, which is composed of small-, medium-, and high-angle detector banks and a backward detector bank with arrays of one dimensional 3He position detectors. 1,216 pieces of detector were installed in total at the banks so far. A high-resolution area detector is under commissioning and a magnetic lens for focusing neutrons on the area detector will be installed in 2014. The q range of TAIKAN will be 5×10-4～20 A-1 with both such detectors and neutrons in the wide wavelength range of 0.5～8 A. A neutron spin polarizing cavity with Fe/Si magnetic supermirrors was installed and a neutron spin analyzing filter is tentatively used for separation of coherent scattering and incoherent scattering from hydrogenous materials. For user program, various kind of equipment can be used. Those are a sample changer, 4K cryostat, 0.2Tesla magnet, 1Tesla magnet, 10Tesla magnet, laser furnace, tensile load cell. In this paper, current status of TAIKAN is introduced.

137 Oral NI-03 6-1 Reflectometry, SANS

VERITAS, a vertical reflectometer for long pulse neutron sources

Stefan Mattauch1, Dieter Lott2, Alexander Ioffe1 1Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Ger- many, 2Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany [email protected]

Abstract Future long pulse sources (e.g. ESS) will provide an exciting opportunity to design a reflectometer of the next generation to meet the increasing demand and anticipated scientific challenges. The presented instrumental concept is focused on designing a machine that is dedicated to the major tasks under consideration of the scientific case. As the main outcome of it, the scientific community is requesting a reflectometer with high intensity at the lowest possible background due to the fact that most of the users will investigate thin layers or interfacial areas in the sub-nanometer regime. To investigate such samples by neutrons one requires unpolarized and polarized specular reflectivity for probing the thin layers and off-specular scattering (µm range) as well as the GISANS option (2-100 nm range) to derive the lateral structures of the sample. These key features should be optimized for the proposed instrument to deliver the maximum possible performance and by no means will be compromised by any of the additional features, such as the high resolution mode (1%, 3% and 5%), additional focusing options on a 1mm high sample and kinetic modes with Qmax/Qmin ratio of 9 (140ms), 12 (210ms), and 16 (280ms). The choice of instrument length of 36m allows to achieve the resolution of 10% for the maximal use of neutrons emitted within a 2.86 ms long pulse (ESS). The integrated intensity over the full wavelength band of 8Å delivered to the sample amounts to 3.4・109 n/cm2/sec for a 3mrad horizontally collimated beam and is about 25 times higher than one can achieve at best reflectometers today, thus allowing to measure reflectivities down to 10-8 within minutes and down to 10-9 are accessible.

138 Oral 6-1 Reflectometry, SANS NI-04

Polarized Neutron Reflectometry with the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source at J-PARC

Masayasu Takeda1,2, Dai Yamazaki3,1, Kazuhiko Soyama3,1, Kentaro Toh3, Hideshi Yamagishi3, Masaki Katagiri4, Kaoru Sakasai3, Mari Mizusawa5, Noboru Miyata5, Satoshi Kasai5, Koji Kiriyama5, Kazuhiro Akutsu5, Kazuya Aizawa6, Masatoshi Arai7, Yasuhiro Inamura2, Takayoshi Itoh5, Takeshi Nakatani6, Junichi Suzuki5, and Kentaro Suzuya2 1 Sector of Nuclear Science Research, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2 Neutron Science Section, J-PARC Center, 3 Neutron Instrumentation Section, J-PARC Center, 4 Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, 5 Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, CROSS, 6 Technology Development Section, J-PARC Center, 7 Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center [email protected]

Abstract A new polarized neutron reflectometer (SHARAKU) was installed at BL17 of the Material and Life Science Experimental Facility of J-PARC [1]. At the moment, this reflectometer can perform the specular polarized neutron reflectivity measurement with a full polarization analysis using a 3He gas tube without the spatial resolution. The off-specular neutron reflectivity measurement will be available using a two- dimensional (2D) multiwire proportional counter (MWPC) in the very near future. Whereas reflected neutrons from a tiny sample whose dimensions are typically 10 mm by 10mm can be measured thanks to the intense pulsed neutron source of MLF, we have to find a way to determine the time-of -flight spectrum of the intense incident neutrons to obtain an absolute neutron reflectivity curve: a ratio of a count of reflected neutrons to that of incident neutrons. We will report current status, and the basic performance of this new reflectometer.

[1] TAKEDA M., YAMAZAKI. D. et al., Chinese J. Phys. 50, 161 (2012).

139 Oral NI-05 6-1 Reflectometry, SANS

Pulsed Source SANS Efforts in China

Julian Juzhou Tao, Jin Yu Fu, Liang Zhou, Yu Bin Ke and Sheng Kai Zhang China Spallation Neutron Source, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Acade- my of Sciences, P.O.Box 918-1, Beijing 100049, P.R.China [email protected]

Abstract We present the current status of designing and building a general-purpose user-dedicated pulsed-source SANS at the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source, one of its three day-one instruments expected to complete around 2016 and commission by 2019. The project aims toward a short and straight beamline capable of providing quality TOF neutron SANS data between ~0.005Å-1 and ~2Å-1 with a designed neutron flux at sample position ~1.5×106/(cm2·s·100kW) and may be particularly suitable for experiments that utilize large dynamic range and unconventional sample environment. We evaluate key factors that could critically affect data quality and ease-of-use, and also discuss scientific outlook of this instrument within the context of the CSNS project.

140 No.6 Neutron Instruments Oral 6-2 Spectroscopy NI-06

Overview of spectrometers at Materials & Life Science Experimental Facility, J-PARC Kenji Nakajima1 and MLF spectroscopy group 1 Materials & Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan [email protected] Abstract In Materials & Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at J-PARC, three chopper spectrometers (4SEASONS (BL01), HRC (BL12), AMATERAS (BL14)) and one near backscattering spectrometer (DNA (BL02)) are opened to users. Also, a suite of neutron resonance spin-echo spectrometers (VIN_ROSE (BL06)) and a polarized neutron dedicated chopper spectrometer (POLANO (BL23)) are under construction.

In this presentation, we will present overview, current status, recent technical topics and future plans of spectrometers in MLF, J-PARC.

141 Oral NI-07 6-2 Spectroscopy

VOR: a wide bandwidth chopper spectrometer at the ESS to explore uncharted scientiﬁc areas. P.P. Deen1,2, A. Vickery2,3, K. A. Andersen1,2. 1 European Spallation Source. Tunavagen¨ 24, 22100-Lund, Sweden. 2 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. 3 DTU Physics, Fysikvej, Building 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. email:[email protected]

VOR, the versatile optimal resolution chopper spectrometer, is designed to probe dynamic phenomena that are currently inaccessible for neutron scattering due to flux limitations. VOR is a short instrument, 30.2 m moderator to sample, and provides instantaneous access to a broad dynamic range, 1 - 80 meV within each ESS period. The short instrument length combined with the long ESS pulse width enables a quadratic flux increase by relaxing energy resolution from ∆E/E = 1% up to ∆E/E = 6-7%. This is impossible both on a long chopper spectrometer at the ESS and with instruments at short pulsed sources. In comparison to current day chopper spectrometers, VOR can offer an order of magnitude improvement in flux for equivalent energy resolutions, ∆E/E = 1-3%. Further relaxing the energy resolution enables VOR to gain an extra order of magnitude in flux. In addition, VOR has been optimised for repetition rate multiplication (RRM) and is therefore able to measure, in a single ESS period, 6 - 14 incident wavelengths, across a wavelength band off 1<λ<8 A˚ with a novel chopper configuration that measures all incident wavelengths with equivalent statistics. The characteristics of VOR make it a unique instrument with capabilities to access small, limited lifetime samples and kinetic phenomena with inelastic neutron scattering.

142 Oral 6-2 Spectroscopy NI-08

T-REX: A Time-of-flight Reciprocal space Explorer for the future ESS source

Nicolò VIOLINI, Jörg VOIGT, Thomas BRÜCKEL, Earl BABCOCK and Zahir SALHI

Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo Brandt Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany

E-mail of the corresponding author: [email protected]

Within the ESS Design Update Phase program funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, we developed the proposal of a time-of-flight chopper spectrometer for the future ESS long pulse source. The instrument promises the applicability to a wide manifold of scientific research activities: magnetism, strongly correlated electron materials, functional materials, soft-matter, biophysics and disordered systems. Because of the large neutron flux it will implement time- of-flight spectroscopy with Polarization Analysis as a standard tool, e. g. for studying the effect of confinement on the magnetic excitations in nano-particles or to uniquely derive the vibrational hydrogen excitations in soft matter through separation of the nuclear spin incoherent scattering. The instrument is designed to accept neutrons generated both at the cold moderator and the thermal pre-moderator, by making use of a super-mirror extraction system. The chopper system is specifically designed to make an efficient use of the flux provided by the source, by means of a combination of poly-chromatic operation methods: Repetition Rate Multiplication (RRM) and Wavelength Frame Multiplication. It is integrated with a specially developed pulse suppression chopper that enables variable acquisition time frames, by means of selective pulse suppression of the sub-pulses generated by the resolution defining choppers. The secondary spectrometer features a wide area detector, yielding a dynamic range that -1 -1 extends from 1meV< Ei < 100meV and 0.05 Å < Q < 12 Å , thus exploring a wide range of the reciprocal space. The energy resolution can be adapted by quantized variation of the commensurate chopper frequencies, within the limits imposed by the secondary path uncertainty. Anticipated typical choppers configurations were simulated by means of ray- tracing methods, showing that the elastic energy resolution (FWHM) can be freely adjusted in the range from 1% to 4% at 3meV and from 4% to 8% at 100 meV, thus providing flexible trading of resolution for flux. The performance of T-REX has been benchmarked against existing state-of-the-art TOF-spectrometers and shows flux gain factors between one and two orders of magnitude for maximal RRM. The instrument is specifically designed to allow the use of polarized neutrons and exploits the XYZ polarization analysis, by means of the so-called MAGIC Pastis coil layout. A prototype is under construction for the TOPAS spectrometer at the FMR-II, which uses a wide-angle banana shaped 3He Neutron Spin Filter cell to cover a large range of scattering angle, both in horizontal and vertical direction.

143 No. 6. Neutron Instruments Oral NI-09 6-2 Spectroscopy

High throughput Inelastic Neutron Scattering, from fiction to reality AJ (Timmy) Ramirez-Cuesta Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6475, United States [email protected] Abstract INS is a technique that is ideally suited to study hydrogen-containing materials due to the high cross section of hydrogeni; it is also the case that INS spectra are straightforward to modelii. Neutrons are also an extremely rare probe and expansive technique. Maximising the experimental outcome of neutron scattering experiments can be done by thinking about the experimental needs and sample environment setups as early as design state. In this paper I will introduce the VISION spectrometer at the SNS in ORNL. Located at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, USA, the VISION spectrometer is the world’s only high throughput, high resolution broadband INS spectrometer. With access to energy transfer range from -3 meV to 1000 meV a resolution Δω/ω~1.5% above 2 meV, the resolution at the elastic line is 150µeV FWHM. One of the main barriers to the use of INS was long time required for data collection and large samples. Thanks to the optimization in the design, the use of the most advanced neutron optics available at the present moment and the brightest spallation neutron source in the world. VISION has already measured INS spectra, of publication quality in 200 sec or lessiii. At the moment we are in the process of procuring a newly designed sample changer that will allow the exploitation of the high throughput capability and we will establish a mail-in program during fall 2014. i “Vibrational Spectroscopy with Neutrons” World Scientific, London, (2005). ii A J Ramirez-Cuesta, Comp Phys Commun 157 226-238 (2004). iii Jalarvo, N., Gourdon, O., Ehlers, G., Tyagi, M., Kumar, S. K., Dobbs, K. D., Crawford, M. K. (2014).

Structure and Dynamics of Octamethyl-POSS Nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,

118(10), 5579–5592. doi:10.1021/jp412228r

144 Oral 6-3 Polarization NI-10

Polarization at pulsed neutron sources

Alexander Ioffe

Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Outstation at MLZ, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany

[email protected]

Abstract

The neutron scattering instruments at pulsed source are characterized by a wide dynamic range of accessible neutron energy and momentum transfer. Indeed, neutron polarizers/analyzers to be used at such instruments should be able to function efficiently in a wide range of neutron energies.

From this point of view, traditional solutions used in polarized neutron techniques at continuous neutron sources are not always optimal and may result in significant intensity losses or in a significantly reduced quality of neutron scattering experiments. Furthermore, modern time-of-flight spectrometers are usually equipped with large area neutron detectors allowing to cover a large range of the momentum transfer – this requires neutron polarizers that simultaneously cover a large solid angle.

In this talk we will compare the performance of super mirror and polarized 3He- based polarizing devices from the point of view of their ability to operate effectively in a wide energy and angular ranges, discuss recent advance in the realization of wide angle polarization analysis and consider some new approaches towards energy-independent polarizers for pulsed neutron beams.

145 Oral NI-11 6-3 Polarization

MEOP, SEOP and the deployment of polarised neutron capabilities at ANSTO

Wai Tung Hal Lee1, Tim D’Adam1, David Jullien2, Kenneth Andersen3, Xin Tong4, Cavin Talbot5 1Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 2Institut Laue-Lan- gevin, 3European Spallation Source, 4Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 5University of Queensland [email protected]

Abstract At ANSTO, we have commissioned a Meta-stable Exchange Optical Pumping (MEOP) 3He polarizing station constructed by the Institut Laue-Langevin in April this year. In order to utilize this new capability, beam line equipment were also purchased or developed and customized to individual instruments to provide polarization analysis capability. Since April, we have done polarised neutron tests on 5 instruments: cold neutron spectrometer PELICAN, reflectometer PLATYPUS, SANS QUOKKA, thermal triple-axis TAIPAN, high-intensity diffractometer WOMBAT. New scientific experimental results were obtained on WOMBAT and both WOMBAT and TAIPAN are now open to “friendly user” polarized neutron scattering experiments. Meanwhile, we have constructed a Spin Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP) 3He and 129Xe polarizing station at the Monash Biomedical Imaging Centre and will be conducting polarizing tests in October. While the SEOP station was developed for medical imaging applications, the technology can be adapted for polarised neutron scattering use. In this presentation, the design of the stations and the operating experiences and the latest results on the deployment of polarisation analysis capability on our instruments will be shared. .

146 Oral 6-3 Polarization NI-12

Development of compact laser optics for an in-situ spin-exchange optical pumping 3He neutron spin filter

Takayuki OKU1, Hirotoshi HAYASHIDA1, Hiroshi KIRA2, Kenji SAKAI1, Kosuke HI- ROI1, Takenao SHINOHARA1, Yoshifumi SAKAGUCHI2, Takashi INO3, Kenji OHOYAMA4, Lieh-Jeng CHANG5, Mitsutaka NAKAMURA1, Jun-ichi SUZUKI2, Hirohiko M. SHIMIZU6, Kazuya AIZAWA1, Masatoshi ARAI1, Yasuo ENDOH1, Ka- zuhisa KAKURAI1 1JAEA, 2CROSS, 3KEK, 4IMR, Tohoku Univ., 5National Cheng Kung Univ., 6Nagoya Univ., [email protected]

Abstract We have been developing a 3He neutron spin filter (NSF) for the efficient utilization of pulsed neutrons, since it can polarize neutrons effectively in a wide energy range. The 3He NSF is effective even for neutrons with energy higher than several-tens-meV, so that it will be useful for the study of high-energy magnetic excitation. Since the 3He NSF can also cover a large solid angle and polarize neutrons without deflecting them from their original course, it is suitable for the analyzer for SANS instruments and reflectometers. In addition, the 3He NSF will be a key device in the application of recently developed magnetic field imaging technique by using polarized pulsed neutrons [1], since it can polarize a neutron beam with a large cross section without deteriorating projection image of the transmitted neutrons. In order to apply the 3He NSF to experiments at a pulsed neutron experimental facility such as the J-PARC, it is important to make the system stable and easy to setup and operate, because the system is located inside a radiation shield for high energy gamma ray and neutrons. In this study, we have developed compact laser optics with a volume holographic grating (VHG) element for a spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) system, and composed an in-situ SEOP 3He NSF. The design and performance of the in-situ SEOP 3He NSF will be then presented, and its possible application will be discussed.

[1] T. Shinohara et al., NIM-A, Vol. 651 (2011) 121.

147 Oral NI-13 6-3 Polarization

Spin manipulation components using high Tc superconducting materials

David V. Baxter1,2, W.A.Hamilton3, F. Li1,2, S. R. Parnell1,3, R. Pynn1,2,3, T. Wang1,2 1Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA, 2Dept. of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA 3Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA [email protected]

Abstract

Neutron polarisation techniques rely upon precise manipulation of the neutron spin as it travels through a series of well-defined magnetic fields. Limitations on these fields often result in beam depolarization, limited usable neutron wavelength range and beam size. To overcome these limitations the Meissner effect can be used to create abrupt transitions between regions of different magnetic field. With the development of large (78x100mm) commercially available YBCO films grown on single-crystal sapphire it is now possible to develop devices with high neutron transmission and low parasitic scattering. Using this technology we have developed a flipper with high efficiency. We use the same films to bound uniform magnetic field regions within which magnetic fields are created by currents carried by YBCO superconducting tape. We have developed a compact insert, which can be used for spherical neutron polarimetry, allowing the measurements of off diagonal elements of the polarisation tensor. Most recently we have used the films in non-rectangular geometries to create uniform triangular regions for scattering angle encoding. This overcomes several of the limitations of other competing technologies and can be applied in a range of Larmor labeling techniques (SESANS, SERGIS, Larmor diffraction, phonon focusing and phase contrast radiography).

148 No.6 Neutron Instruments Oral 6-4 Difraction and Imaging NI-14

Beamline for European Materials Engineering Research (BEER) Jochen Fenske1, Mustapha Rouijaa1, Gregor Nowak1, Reinhard Kampmann1, Peter Staron1, Heinz-Günter Brokmeier1,4, Martin Müller1, Andreas Schreyer1, Jan Šaroun2, Jan Pilch2,3, Petr Šittner3, Pavel Strunz2, P. Beran2, V. Ryukthin2, L. Kadeřávek2,3, Petr Lukas2 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany, 2Physical Nuclear Institute, Czech Republic, 3Institute of Physics, Czech Republic, 4Technical University of Clausthal, Germany [email protected] Abstract The continuous development of advanced structural materials and novel production processes are key for industrial manufacturing, e.g. in the transport and clean energy production sectors. Future successful research efforts will require understanding micro/nanostructure and residual stress evolution during processing and their role on the mechanisms that determine material and component performance. Therefore, the Beamline for European Materials Engineering Research (BEER) is proposed to be built at the European Spallation Source (ESS). The diffractometer combines the high brilliance of the long pulsed neutron source with high instrument flexibility. It includes a novel chopper technique that extracts several short pulses out of the long pulse, leading to substantial intensity gain of up to an order of magnitude compared to pulse shaping methods for materials with high crystal symmetry. This intensity gain is achieved without compromising resolution. More complex crystal symmetries will be investigated by additional pulse shaping methods. The different chopper set-ups and techniques offer extremely broad intensity/resolution ranges, which today do not exist at any other engineering instrument. Furthermore BEER offers the option of simultaneous SANS or imaging measurements without compromising diffraction investigations. This flexibility opens up new possibilities for in situ experiments studying materials processing and materials performance under service conditions. Therefore, advanced sample environments, dedicated to thermo-mechanical processing, are foreseen, e.g. a Gleeble or a quenching and deformation dilatometer. Due to its outstanding performance BEER will push the frontiers of in situ as well as ex situ characterization of engineering materials by neutron diffraction.

149 Oral NI-15 6-4 Difraction and Imaging

HFM-EXED – the high field facility for neutron scattering at HZB

Oleksandr Prokhnenko1, Maciej Bartkowiak1, Wolf-Dieter Stein1, Norbert Stuesser1, Hans-Juergen Bleif1, Karel Prokes1, Mark Bird2, Peter Smeibidll, Bella Lakel 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Germany; 2National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, USA [email protected]

Abstract Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) finalizes fabrication of the High Field Magnet (HFM). It is a “first of its kind” hybrid magnet system which is capable to reach fields of about 25 T, making it by far the strongest continuous field available for neutron scattering experiments worldwide. The details of the magnet are presented in a separate contribution at this meeting while here we discuss the corresponding neutron scattering instrumentation, its current status and capabilities, as well as the established procedures for planning the experiments and applying for the beamtime. The magnet is a solenoid with 30° degrees conical openings at both ends and 50 mm room temperature bore. Because of its size and complex operational infrastructure, the magnet cannot be used at different instruments like standard split-pair or horizontal superconducting magnets. As a result, the HFM will be permanently mounted at the dedicated Extreme Environment Diffractometer (EXED) recently built at the BERII research reactor. EXED is based on a time-of-flight (TOF) technique, which combined with 15° magnet rotation, enables gapless coverage of Q-range from 0.1 up to 12 Å-1 for diffraction experiments. Due to the variable time resolution (from a few µs to the ms-range) and the width of wavelength band (0.6-14.5 Å), the primary instrument becomes very flexible and adjustable to a particular problem. Based on the high magnetic field science, the instrument capabilities have been further expanding to include a pin-hole TOF SANS and a direct TOF Spectroscopy (under development). The former extends the low-Q range beyond 10-2 Å-1. The latter will enable inelastic neutron scattering experiments over a limited Q-range < 1.8 -1 Å with an energy resolution of a few percent and Ei < 25 meV. Thus, combined HFM-EXED will become a unique multi-purpose facility for neutron scattering in high magnetic fields that should be ready for use in early 2015.

150 Oral 6-4 Difraction and Imaging NI-16

The new single-crystal neutron Laue diffractometer in Berlin

G. N. Iles1 and S. Schorr1,2

1Department Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany 2Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12449 Berlin, Germany

We have recently completed construction of a thermal neutron Laue diffractometer in the experimental hall of the BER-II reactor at HZB in Berlin. The Fast Acquisition Laue Camera for Neutrons (FALCON) receives a direct stream of neutrons with a low gamma radiation count. Whilst other neutron sources report that guides containing multiple instruments interfere with the intensity and quality of the neutron beam reaching end positions, FALCON will benefit from a beam that does not pass through any objects upstream. A uniquely-designed shutter and beam definer deliver a highly focused neutron beam to the instrument with <1° divergence. The instrument comprises two scintillator plate detectors coupled to four iCCD cameras each. The neutron beam passes through the detector units enabling one detector to be placed in the backscattering position and the second detector in the transmission position. The image-intensified CCDs are capable of obtaining 20-bit digitization Laue images in under ten seconds and variable sample table and detector positions allow a full range of sample environments to be utilised. Simulations using McStas and the HZB in-house software, VITESS, show the expected resolution of our diffractometer. FALCON is currently in the commissioning phase and should be available to users in 2015.

151 Oral NI-17 6-4 Difraction and Imaging

ODIN – the future imaging instrument at ESS

M. Strobl1, N. Kardjilov2, E. Lehmann3, B. Schillinger4, A. Hilger2, C. Zendler3, K. Lieutenant2, I. Manke2,M. Morgano3, B. Betz3, C. Gruenzweig3, M. Schulz4, M. Seif- ert4, P. Schmakat4, L. Udby5, M. Bertelsen5, H. Carlsen5, S. Schmidt6, A. Cereser1,6, L. Theil Kuhn6, M. Molin1,6, E. M. Lauridsen6, J. Plomp7, M. Sales2,5, M. Bulat2, K. Habicht2 1ESS, 2HZB,3PSI,4TUM,5KU,6DTU,7RID TUD email: [email protected]

After a three year lasting phase of the conceptual design of an imaging instrument for the ESS performed in a collaborative manner involving European Neutron Re- search Institutes and Universities the proposal for the imaging instrument ODIN [1] has been accepted by ESS for construction as one of the first instruments to come operational together with the source in 2019/20. ODIN has correspondingly moved into the construction phase at ESS and is currently planned to be realized together with corresponding partners. The long-pulse nature of the planned source provides the instrument with a high degree of flexibility for conventional and advanced imaging techniques to be performed with outstanding efficiency. This however implies also a very complex instrument design to be designed and realized.

The instrument is foreseen to have a length of 60m, for which a guide is indispen- sible. The guide has been designed to accommodate a complex WFM chopper system and to provide maximum flux and homogeneity under such conditions at detector positions in a big instrument cave. The cave is extending over the last 14m with at least 6m width in order to enable flexible and sophisticated sample environments and add-ons as well as to provide space for a potential future upgrade with diffraction detector banks. Besides variable L/D ratios and high flux white beam measurements with up to about 108cm-2s-1 at L/D=500) on a FOV of 25x25cm2, the time structure and chopper system will enable to taylor the wavelength bandwidth and resolution according to the needs of applied methods in a wavelength range of 1-20Å and a resolution range of 0.3-10%.

Figure 1: First draft instrument sketch of ODIN as presented in the ESS Technical Design Report (TDR 2013)[2].

Besides the instrumentation effort a number of collaborative projects is ongoing in order to further develop and explore the time-of-flight (TOF) methods to be exploited at the ODIN instrument and for which it will have unique capabilities and efficiency. This conveys work on grating interferometry, spin-echo beam modulation, Bragg edge imaging and 3DND (3D neutron diffraction imaging) as well as imaging with polarized neutrons and testing such approaches e.g. utilizing the capabilities at the ESS testbeamline at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin and other sources. In summary a broad project overview and development highlights will be presented. References [1] http://europeanspallationsource.se/imaging [2] http://eval.esss.lu.se/cgi-bin/public/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=274

152 Oral 6-4 Difraction and Imaging NI-18

The first energy-resolved neutron imaging system in the world -“RADEN” at J-PARC MLF-

Takenao Shinohara1, Tetsuya Kai1, Kenichi Oikawa1, Mariko Segawa1, Masahide Harada1, Takeshi Nakatani1, Motoki Ooi1, Hirotaka Sato2, Takashi Kamiyama2, Hideo Yokota3, Toshihiro Sera4, Koichi Mochiki5, Kazuya Aizawa1, Masatoshi Arai1, Yoshiaki Kiyanagi6 1J-PARC Center, 2Hokkaido University, 3RIKEN, 4Kyushu University, 5Tokyo City University, 6Nagoya University [email protected]

Abstract Construction of the Energy-Resolved Neutron Imaging System (RADEN) has started in 2012 at the beam line of BL22 in the Materials & Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) of J-PARC. This is the first instrument dedicated to the pulsed neutron imaging experiments in the world. Installation of main components has been completed in 2013, and the first beam will be delivered in November 2014. The primary purpose of this instrument is to perform the energy-resolved neutron imaging experiments effectively utilizing the pulsed neutron nature. Therefore, this instrument is designed to cover a broad energy range at the same time: not only cold neutrons up to 8 Å with a good wavelength resolution of smaller than 0.26% but also high energy neutrons with the energy of several tens keV. Several types of two-dimensional neutron detectors with high time-resolution and spatial-resolution are prepared to utilize the Time-of-Flight method. Complementary systems for gamma ray analysis and neutron diffraction are equipped to enhance the accuracy of data analysis of neutron resonance absorption and Bragg-edge imaging. Polar- ization analysis apparatus is also installed to perform the magnetic field imaging. In addition, this instrument is intended to perform a state-of-the-art neutron radiography and tomography experiments. Hence, the maximum thermal neutron intensity of 3x107 n/s/cm2/MW, the maximum beam size of 300 mm square, and the highest L/ D value of 7500 are provided. Moreover, new CT reconstruction software is developed. In this presentation, the construction status and detailed specifications of RADEN will be introduced, and prospects of the instrument will be discussed.

153 Poster NI-P01 No.6 Neutron Instruments 6. Neutron Instruments Chopper system and neutron optics of the Beamline for European Materials Engineering Research (BEER) at ESS Mustapha Rouijaa1, Reinhard Kampmann1, Jochen Fenske1, Gregor Nowak1, Peter Staron1, Heinz-Günter Brokmeier1,4, Martin Müller1, Andreas Schreyer1, Jan Šaroun2, Jan Pilch2,3, Petr Šittner3, Pavel Strunz2, Premysl Beran2, Vasyl Ryukthin2, Lukas Kadeřávek2,3, Petr Lukas2

1Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany, 2Physical Nuclear Institute, Czech Republic, 3Institute of Physics, Czech Republic, 4Technical University of Clausthal, Germany [email protected] Abstract Fundamental objectives of materials science are the development of new materials, their characterization and studies of their microstructure–properties relationship. One of the most used tools to achieve these goals is neutron time-of-flight diffraction in combination with in situ experiments. However, the modern materials are often complex and require novel techniques, allowing investigations under real working conditions and on realistic time scales. Thus, high time and spatial resolution even with small samples volumes are urgently required by a multidisciplinary community of scientists. For this purpose, HZG and NPI are proposing to build the engineering diffractometer BEER – Beamline for European Materials Engineering Research – at the European Spallation Source (ESS). The ambition is to serve the growing community of materials scientists with a sophisticated diffractometer, unique by its novel pulse multiplexing technique based on extracting several short pulses out of one long ESS pulse. Multiple short pulses enable diffraction with high resolution and high intensity. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed using the MacStas software package in order to optimize the beam line (chopper system, neutron optics, bispectral extraction, etc.). They show that BEER will outperform existing diffractometers for the case of high-resolution diffractometry e.g. for strain analysis in highly symmetric materials. Furthermore, BEER will offer the opportunity of combining small-angle neutron scattering and neutron imaging investigations with high performance in a single instrument without compromising the diffraction performance.

154 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P02

Polarized 3He development at SNS

Xin Tony Tong1, 1 SNS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

We report the current status of polarized 3He R&D work At SNS. This talk will focus on the in-sitiu pumping system and the polarized gas transfer system.

The upgraded in-situ polarized 3He pumping system developed for the Magnetism Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). Unpolarized neutron transmission shows that 76% of 3He polarization achieved and maintained over 3 day experiment period. Polarized neutron transmission measurement show that the analyzing efficiency of the system is >99% at 3-5A; flipping ratio of 100 for 2.5A neutron were achieved. The average transmission is 25% for 2-5A polarized neutrons. Full polarization analysis on a reference sample (Fe/Cr GMR ML) showing a strong magnetic off-specular scattering will be presented. The setup is certified as class 1 laser environment and is commissioning for users. We will also report on the current status of in-situ polarized 3He gas transfer system for the Hybrid Spectrometer at SNS.

155 Poster NI-P03 6. Neutron Instruments No.6 Neutron Instruments SIMRES – a simulation tool for development of neutron scattering instruments at reactor and spallation sources Jan Šaroun Nuclear Physics Institute ASCR, v.v.i, 25064 Řež, Czech Republic [email protected] Abstract The neutron ray-tracing simulation program SIMRES has been developed from a tool for resolution calculations in 1990th as a part of the program specialized on three-axis spectrometers (RESTRAX) to the present general purpose software for modelling and optimization of neutron scattering instruments. It is an alternative and in part complementary tool to the other simulation programs like McStas, VITESS or NISP. Apart of user friendly graphical environment, it offers a number of unique features, for example: (1) High simulation speed: free choice of tracing direction and automatic adaptation of phase-space sampling volume leads to much shorter simulation times (by orders of magnitude in some cases) compared to the existing alternatives, regardless of instrument resolution or gauge volume. This makes it an efficient tool for instrument optimization by exploring large number and range of variables e.g. by particle swarm algorithm, which is also included. (2) Some components, like bent and mosaic crystal monochromators, are developed to a level of physical details presently not available in other packages. (3) All simulated neutrons are stored and available for subsequent processing by embedded data visualisation tools, such as event-based angular and time-of-flight analysis, which can produce for example powder diffractograms or various representations of the resolution function or detailed mapping of the gauge volume. The new version (SIMRES 6.3) reflects recent development closely related to the conceptual design of new instruments at the European Spallation Source (ESS). In particular, SIMRES became the basic tool for design and optimisation of the engineering diffractometer, including advanced components like bi-spectral beam extraction, multichannel focusing optics and a chopper system for pulse-shaping, pulse suppression, frame alternation and beam modulation. SIMRES is capable of carrying out virtual experiments, producing simulated data suitable for further processing by standard data analysis software.

156 No.6 Neutron Instruments Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P04

Towards the high-sensitive detection of hydrogen based on the proton polarization technique in neutron protein crystallography Ichiro Tanaka1, 2, Toshiyuki Chatake3, Takahiro Iwata4, Yoshiyuki Miyachi4, Katsuhiro Kusaka2, Nobuo Niimura2 1 College of Eng., Ibaraki Univ., 2 Frontier Res. Ctr., Ibaraki Univ., 3RRI, Kyoto Univ. , 4Faculty of Sci., Yamagata Univ. [email protected] Abstract The proton polarization technique (ppt) is expected as a unique method, which improves the detection sensitivity of hydrogen (relative neutron scattering length of polarized proton) by approximately eight times in comparison with conventional neutron protein crystallography (NPC). Furthermore, the isotope effect in conventional NPC can be eliminated, hydrocarbon (-CH2-) chain density does never disappear, even unstable biological samples can be kept stable for a long-time exposure measurement, and especially active lower occupancy hydrogen can be observed under reaction intermediates, by using the ppt. Several technical difficulties, however, should be overcome in order to perform the ppt for NPC; 1) cooling the relatively large crystal sample to nearly less than 1 K in a higher successful rate, 2) introducing a paramagnetic material uniformly into the crystal sample, 3) applying around 3 T magnetic field with a pumping microwave, 4) polarizing incident neutrons and detector system under such environment, which make the measurement efficiency better. These items should be optimized so that proton polarization ratio in the sample becomes maximum. In this presentation, authors will show several fundamental studies on cooling protein crystals and introducing radicals into biological crystals [1] together with ESR measurement of the crystal, and the possibility of dynamic nuclear polarization method for the ppt in NPC.

Reference: [1] I. Tanaka, K. Kusaka, T. Chatake, N. Niimura: J. Synchrotron Rad. 20 (2013) 958.

157 No.6 Neutron Instruments Poster NI-P05 6. Neutron Instruments Overview of the McStas monte carlo ray-tracing instrument simulation project Peter Willendrup1,2, Emmanuel Farhi3, Erik Knudsen1, Emmanouela Rantsiou4, Kim Lefmann5 1NEXMAP, DTU Physics, Lyngby, 2ESS DMSC, Copenhagen, 3ILL, Grenoble, 4PSI, Villigen, 2NBI, Copenhagen [email protected] Abstract The McStas neutron ray-tracing simulation package is a versatile tool for producing accurate simulations of neutron scattering instruments at reactors, short- and long-pulsed spallation sources such as the European Spallation Source. McStas is extensively used for design and optimization of instruments, virtual experiments, data analysis and user training. McStas was founded as an scientific, open-source collaborative code in 1997.

This contribution presents the project at its current state and gives an overview of lessons learned in areas of design process, development strategies, user contributions, quality assurance, documentation, interoperability and synergies with the McXtrace project.

Further, main new developments in McStas 2.0 (December 2012) and McStas 2.1 (expected may/june 2014) are discussed, including many new components, component parameter uniformisation, partial loss of backward compatibility, updated source brilliance descriptions, developments toward new tools and user interfaces, web interfaces and a new method for estimating beam losses and background from neutron optics.

158 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P06

Instrument Developments and Neutron Brillouin Scattering Experi- ments on HRC

Shinichi Itoh1, Tetsuya Yokoo1, Takatsugu Masuda2, Hideki Yoshizawa2, Minoru Soda2, Yoichi Ikeda2, Soshi Ibuka1, Toshio Asami2, Ryosuke Sugiura2, Daichi Kawa- na2, Tomoko Shinozaki2, and Yoshiaki Ihata3 1Neutron Science Division, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, 2Neutron Science Laboratory, Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 3Tech- nology Development Section, MLF, J-PARC Center [email protected]

Abstract To study condensed-matter dynamics over a wide energy-momentum space with high resolutions, the High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer (HRC) was installed at BL12 in MLF/J-PARC. In the previous ICANS meeting, we reported the performance of the HRC after the initial construction. Since then, the supermirror guide tube was fully installed, the background noise was successfully reduced by a collimator system mounted on the incident neutron beam line, and the experiment control environment was developed to combine measurements of neutron counts with controls of devices such as choppers, temperature controllers, goniometers etc. Since the initial installation of limited numbers of PSDs, some pieces of PSDs were purchased every year. These PSDs will be installed in the next long shut down period, and the detector coverage will be extended to the scattering angles from -31° to 62°. We have a variety of sample environments: a GM type refrigerator down to 3K, a He-3 sorption pumping type refrigerator, a 1K refrigerator of He-3 circulation type, and a cryomagnet up to 14T. The maximum magnetic field should be examined in the actual setup. On the HRC, neutron Brillouin scattering (NBS) experiments became feasible by reducing the background noise at low scattering angles down to 0.5°. NBS is the most promising way to observe excitations in the forward direction from powders, polycrystals, or liquids. First, spin waves in a well-known ferromagnet

La0.2Sr0.8MnO3 were successfully observed, and then, a spin gap was newly found in 11 a metal ferromagnet SrRuO3. Spin waves in a strong magnet Nd2Fe14 B and excitations in a D2O liquid agreed with earlier works.

159 No.6 Neutron Instruments Poster NI-P07 6. Neutron Instruments

Recent status of a cold neutron disk chopper spectrometer AMATERAS Kenji Nakajima1, Seiko Ohira-Kawamura1, Tatsuya Kikuchi1, Yukinobu Kawakita1, Yasuhiro Inamura1, Ryoichi Kajimoto1, Mitsutaka Nakamura1, Kazuhiko Soyama1, Masahide Harada1, Kenichi Oikawa1, Shinichi Takata1, Hiromichi. Tanaka1, Takaaki Iwahashi1, Wataru Kambara1, Yasuhiro Yamauchi1, Kazuhiro Aoyama1, and Masatoshi Arai1 1 Materials & Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan [email protected] Abstract AMATERAS is a cold-neutron multi disk-chopper spectrometer at Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in J-PARC. [1] By using a pulse shaping chopper and owing to the high peak intensity from a coupled moderator source at MLF, AMATERAS is designed to realize high intensity and fine and flexible energy resolution measurements in quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering experiments from cold to thermal neutron energy region. In parallel to the user program which has been started from 2009, machine study and commissioning work to improve spectrometer performance have been continuously done. Recently, we have finished refurbishment of the beam transport section. Also, there is progress in background reduction work, development of data analysis method and preparation in sample environments.

In this presentation, we will present the current status of AMATERAS including ideas of future upgrade plans.

[1] K. Nakajima, S. Ohira-Kawamura, T. Kikuchi, M. Nakamura, R. Kajimoto, Y. Inamura, N. Takahashi, K. Aizawa, K. Suzuya, K. Shibata, T. Nakatani, K. Soyama, R. Maruyama, H. Tanaka, W. Kambara, T. Iwahashi, Y. Itoh, T. Osakabe, S. Wakimoto, K. Kakurai, F. Maekawa, M. Harada, K. Oikawa, R. E. Lechner, F. Mezei, and M. Arai, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 80 (2011) SB028.

160 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P08

Development of polarized and focused neutron beam at the small and wide angle neutron scattering instrument TAIKAN

Kazuki Ohishi1, Jun-ichi Suzuki1, Shin-ichi Takata2, Hroki Iwase1, Takenao Shinoha- ra2, Takayuki Oku2, Takeshi Nakatani2, Yasuhiro, Inamura2, Takayoshi Ito1, Hiroshi Kira1, Toshiaki Morikawa1, Masae Sahara1, Tomonori Hosoya2, Kentaro Suzuya2, Kazuya Aizawa2, Masatoshi Arai2, Toshiya Otomo2, and Masaaki Sugiyama3 1Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS) 2Neutron Science Section, MLF Division, J-PARC Center 3Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute [email protected]

Abstract The small and wide angle neutron scattering instrument TAIKAN is designed for efficient measurement in wide-q range of 5.0×10-4 Å-1 ≤ q ≤ 20 Å-1 by using both neutrons in broad wavelength (λ) bandwidth of 0.5 Å ≤ λ ≤ 8.0 Å and wide angle detectors. In the upper stream, optical devices such as six slits, two types of collimators for large or small beam size and three vacuum chambers, which have three beam paths each for choosing the beam condition, i.e., normal (unpolarized), polarized and focusing neutron beams, were installed. At the beginning, only normal neutron beam was available. The beam commissioning was started in January 2012, and users program was started in March 2012. During the summer shutdown of beamtime in 2012, we have installed multi-channel v-shaped magnetic super-mirror cavity, which provides the polarized neutrons with their polarization more than 90% for the wavelength above 4 Å covering 40 mm × 40 mm beam size. In this summer time, we will install quadrupole magnet and sextupole magnets to deliver polarized and focusing neutron beam. At the presentation, we will present the current status of the TAIKAN.

161 Poster NI-P09 6. Neutron Instruments

TOF studies of multiple Bragg reflections in cylindrically bent prefect crystals at small pulsed neutron source

Pavol Mikula1, Michihiro Furusaka2, Kenji Okhubo2 1Nuclear Physics Institute ASCR, v.v.i., 25068 Rez, Czech Republic 2Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan [email protected]

Abstract Multiple Bragg reflections (MBR) realized in one bent-perfect crystal (BPC) slab by sets of different lattice planes behave differently in comparison to the case of perfect nondeformed or mosaic crystals. Due to the elastic bending and a homogeneous deformation, individual sets of lattice planes are mutually in dispersive diffraction geometry and the kinematical approach can be applied on this MBR process. The homogeneous elastic deformation can enormously strengthen the MBR effects which can be then investigated even at small pulsed neutron sources. By using neutron diffraction and the TOF method carried out at the Hokkaido Linac neutron source it has been demonstrated that when setting the BPC slabs in the symmetric transmission geometry, many strong MBR reflections accompanying forbidden Si(222) or Si(002) ones can be observed. The advantage of the TOF method consists in the fact that not only primary MBR reflections related to the basic forbidden reflections could be observed but also their higher orders which could be easily separated in the time-of-flight spectra. The observation of MBR reflections permit to prepare very high resolution (in scattering angle as well as the wavelength resolution) monochromatic beam and also to calibrate with a high precision the correlation time vs neutron wavelength.

162 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P10

General Purpose Powder Diffractometer at CSNS

Le Kang1, Jie Chen1, Jiuchang Zhang1, Huaile Lu1, Wanju Luo1, Lunhua He2 1Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 2Institute of Phys- ics, Chinese Academy of Science [email protected]

Abstract: General purpose powder diffractometer (GPPD), a time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffractometer at CSNS (Chinese Spallation Neutron Source) in China, optimized to fulfill needs of most users in determining crystallographic and magnetic structures with relatively high intensity (1.5*107 n/s/cm2 at sample position) and moderate resolution (0.2% best resolution) is one of the first three instruments that will be built at CSNS. The whole instrument is about 38 meters long. Only an in-pile insert will be used in our instrument. For the guide system, we adopted about 6 m long straight guide and 18m long linear focusing guide to obtain high neutron intensity. There is an interchangeable guide/collimator system locating right behind the focusing guide, which will supply us with two different working modes, the high intensity mode and the high resolution mode. One T0 chopper, two single disk choppers and a double disk chopper which will be sealed with Al windows separately are used to define the required wavelength range of 4.8 Å. There are three precision 4 blade slits which are used to adjust the size of the beam spot. The sample is 30 meters away from the moderator and the sample-detector distance varies from 1.4m at 150° to 2m at 30° and 90°. The instrument cave, a two-story building which is built to place most experiment equipments, including the monitor、 the detector、 the sample table、 the radial collimator, the sample chamber, the get lost tube, the beam stop, the electronics devices and the controlling devices is carefully designed for the purpose of changing samples outside the instrument cave. Fine radial collimators and coarse radial collimators are introduced to improve the instrument performance. All these details about the instrument design and equipments will be presented to give a holistic view of our new general purpose powder diffractometer (GPPD) instrument.

163 Poster NI-P11 6. Neutron Instruments

High resolution SESANS with time-gradient magnetic fields spectrometer: feasibility study for the implementation at long pulsed neutron sources

Raul Victor Erhan1,2, Sergey Manoshin2, Victor Bodnarchuk2, Alexander Ioffe3

1Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Nuclear Physics, Reactorului 30, 077125 Bucharest - Magurele, Romania, 2Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joliot Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia, 3Jülich Centre for Neutron Science-Outstation Garching, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany [email protected] Abstract Here we are considering the performance of the small-angle scattering setup based upon the spin-echo technique, which employs the time-gradient (saw-like) magnetic fields, at a long pulsed neutron source. This setup consists of four consequent solenoidal coils (spin turners): the angle of neutron spin precession in each of them is proportional to the magnitude of the time-gradient magnetic field and is linearly changed in time. Such technique is not only simple in the realization, but also principally allows for a very high Q-resolution that is proportional to λ-4. Therefore, in the time-of-flight mode the coverage of a wide Q-range is achievable in a single neutron pulse. VITESS simulations [1] of such an instrument, planned to be tested at the pulsed neutron beam of the IBR-2 reactor at JINR (Dubna), will be presented. The realization of such setup will significantly extend experimental possibilities of the instrumental suite towards studies of a large scale, up to a few μm, structures. A possible application as an add-on for the low-resolution reflectometer VERITAS planned for the construction at the ESS is also discussed.

[1] http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/forschung/grossgeraete/neutronenstreuung/ projekte/vitess/

164 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P12

Multitask approach for neutron beam lines at spallation neutron sources

Francesco Grazzi1, Antonino Pietropaolo2, Antonella Scherillo3,Erik Schooneveld3, Johnny Boxall3 1CNR-ISC Firenze Italy 2ENEA Frascati Research Centre, Frascati (Roma) Italy 3STFC-ISIS Facility, United Kingdom [email protected]

Abstract Neutron scattering is a powerful technique to reveal structure and dynamics (“where atoms are” and “how atoms move”) in condensed matter. In this contribution, multitask configurations for time-of-flight neutron scattering instruments are discussed to be used for different kind of applications: 1) Material analysis with simultaneous application of three different techniques: a) Neutron Diffraction (ND), Neutron Resonance Capture Analysis (NRCA) and Bragg Edge Neutron Transmission (BENT), with the possibility of average resolution neutron radiography too. This layout enables acquisition of relevant quantitative information in a non- invasive way, under the same experimental conditions and at the same time, exploiting neutron energies from 10 meV to 1 keV, and minimizing neutron exposure time; 2) Simultaneous investigation on structure and dynamics in condensed matter systems using ND, Incoherent Inelastic Neutron Scattering (IINS) and Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering(DINS) in the inverse geometry configuration to achieve a full set of information accessing different regions of the kinematic space (q, ω).

The two types of instrument concept were explored by implementing the necessary equipment on INES (Italian Neutron ExperimentalStation) at the ISIS spallation neutron source (UK). Results on a metallic sample (type 1 instrument) and on ZrH2 (type-2 instrument) will be presented and discussed highlighting future perpsectives.

165 Poster NI-P13 6. Neutron Instruments

Monte Carlo simulations for the EPSILON and SKAT long flight path diffractometers at the IBR-2 pulsed neutron source

Raul Victor Erhan1,2, Sergey Manoshin1, Christian Scheffzuek1,3

1Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joliot Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia, 2Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Nuclear Physics, Reactorului 30, 077125 Bucharest - Magurele, Romania, 3KIT Karlsruhe, Institute for Applied Geosciences, Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany [email protected], [email protected] Abstract We consider results for the 7A-1 and 7A-2 neutron beam-lines of the IBR-2 pulsed neutron source. The two diffractometers are used for investigations of the mechanical properties of polycrystalline samples: the EPSILON strain/stress diffractometer and the SKAT texture diffractometer. The investigation focuses on polycrystalline materials with lower symmetrical crystal symmetry, like they occur mainly in geological samples. The neutron flight path is more than 100 meters long in order to achieve a sufficient good resolution. A new neutron guide system (Ni-58 coating, m=1) was installed to serve each beam-line, separately. The neutron guide system is consisting of three parts: the beam splitter (l=10 m), starting at a distance of about 5 m from the moderator surface; the bent part (l=77 m) with a bending radius of 13,400 m; and a straight part of l=11 m (for EPSILON), respectively l=9 m (for SKAT). VITESS software package [1] Monte Carlo simulations have been performed for the best configuration and to obtain additional information regarding the performance of these two long flight-path diffractometers.

[1] http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/forschung/grossgeraete/neutronenstreuung/ projekte/vitess/

166 No.6 Neutron Instruments Poster NI-P14 6. Neutron Instruments Recent progress in the chopper spectrometer 4SEASONS at J-PARC Ryoichi Kajimoto1, Mitsutaka Nakamura1, Yasuhiro Inamura1, Kazuya Kamazawa2, Kazuhiko Ikeuchi2, Kazuki Iida2, Motoyuki Ishikado2, Kenji Nakajima1, Seiko Ohira-Kawamura1, Takeshi Nakatani1, Wataru Kambara1, Hiromichi Tanaka1, Yasuhiro Yamauchi1, Kazuhiro Aoyama1, Tomonori Hosoya1, Koji Kiriyama2, Kazuya Aizawa1, Masatoshi Arai1 1Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, 2Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society [email protected] Abstract 4SEASONS (SIKI) is one of the three chopper spectrometers operating in MLF at J-PARC, and covers thermal neutron region (100 ~ 102 meV) with relaxed resolution and high flux [1]. The repetition rate multiplication by the Fermi chopper on this short length (18 m between the source and the sample) spectrometer enables wide-band multiple-incident-energy (multi-Ei) measurements, which proved to be useful in observing hierarchical structures in excitations over a large energy scale [2]. On the other hand, the upgrading work of the spectrometer has been continued since the first inelastic scattering experiment in 2009. For examples, we took several measures to suppress background, installed new detectors recently, and are developing a new Fermi chopper now. In the presentation, we show examples of scientific outputs from the spectrometer which benefit from the multi-Ei measurements, and recent or planned upgrades of the instrument.

[1] R. Kajimoto et al., J. Neutron Res. 15, 5 (2007); J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, SB028 (2011). [2] K. Iida et al., Phys. Rev. B 84, 060402(R) (2011); K. Sato et al., J. Korean Phys. Soc. 62, 1836 (2013).

167 Poster NI-P15 6. Neutron Instruments

Present Status of BL19 TAKUMI at J-PARC

Stefanus Harjo1, Kazuya Aizawa2, Takuro Kawasaki1, Wu Gong1, Takaaki Iwahashi1, Takayoshi Ito3, Jun Abe3, Takeshi Nakatani2 1Neutron science section, J-PARC Center, JAEA, 2Technology development section, J-PARC Center, JAEA, 3CROSS-Tokai [email protected]

Abstract The Engineering Materials Diffractometer “TAKUMI” has been built at BL19 in Ma- terials and Life Science Experimental Facility, J-PARC and is operated to promote scientific and industrial studies in various areas such as materials science and engineering and mechanical engineering. The construction of BL19 TAKUMI was completed at the beginning of 2009, and user programs have been started almost in the same time. The operation was terminated during 2011 due to the damages caused by the Tohoku earthquake, but was restarted on 2012 after the repairing and commissioning within a year. Current status of TAKUMI will be briefly introduced; (i) instrument specifications, (ii) covering applications, (iii) unique sample environmental devices and available experiments, (iv) research examples and (v) new challenges and upgrading plans.

168 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P16

Concept of multi-purpose Extreme Conditions Instrument for the ESS

Oleksandr Prokhnenko1,2, Klaus Lieutenant1,2, Leo D. Cussen1,2, Wolf-Dieter Stein1,2, C. Zendler1,2, Karel Prokes1,2 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Germany; 2ESS Design Update Programme Germany [email protected]

Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS) is going to be a 5 MW long pulse neutron spallation source driven by a superconducting proton linac. Operating at 14 Hz with 2.86 ms pulse length, its time-averaged flux will be comparable to the flux of the most powerful continuous neutron sources. The unprecedented brightness of the ESS opens new opportunities for many areas of modern research including the so-called science at extreme conditions. The latter could mean either traditional extremes for thermodynamical variables such as temperature, pressure, magnetic field, or could be extended to other types of complex (e.g. in-situ) chemical or engineering equipment. In this contribution a novel concept of an instrument for extreme environments at the ESS is presented. Main feature of the Extreme Conditions Instrument is its multi- purpose nature. It is not optimized for a single scattering technique but combines in a balanced way elastic (diffraction and SANS) and inelastic capabilities. Such a concept enables effective combination of neutron scattering with state-of-the-art sample environment independent of its complexity, dimensions and transportability; all available types of neutron experiments can be performed at the same thermodynamic conditions. The instrument concept is verified by Monte-Carlo ray- tracing simulations and the results for instrument operation modes are compared with world-class instruments. Possible sample environment types are discussed.

169 Poster NI-P17 6. Neutron Instruments

Progress on POLANO Spectrometer for Polarized Neutron Experiment

Tetsuya Yokoo1,2, Kenji Ohoyama3,4, Shinichi Itoh1,2, Kazuaki Iwasa5, Naokatsu Kaneko1,2, Manabu Ohkawara4, Seiji Tasaki6, Takashi Ino1,2, Kaoru Taketani1,2, Shige- ru Ishimoto1, Kazuya Aizawa2, Junichi Suzuki7, Mitsue Nanbu4, Masayasu Takeda2, Takayuki Oku2, Kouichi Hayashi4, Hiroyuki Kimura8, Taku J. Sato8 1IMSS, KEK, 2J-PARC Center, 3WPI-AIMR, Tohoku Univ., 4IMR, Tohoku Univ., 5Dept. Phys., Tohoku Univ., 6Dept. Eng., Kyoto Univ., 7MEC, KEK, 8IMRAM, Tohoku Univ. [email protected]

Abstract A joint project between KEK and Tohoku University was initiated with the aim of future construction of a polarized neutron spectrometer at the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF), J-PARC and research program for functional magnetic materials in 2009. Our principal concept is to achieve higher-energy polarization analysis of inelastic scattering beyond a reactor-based neutron source. We scheduled three steps toward a realization of polarization analysis on inelastic scattering experiments. We target the energy range up to ∆E=40 meV with using SEOP for polarizer and bender supermirror as an analyzer of m=5 to 5.5. In the second phase, we focus on higher energy experiments (0 meV<∆E<100 meV) with a large change of its layout. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique will be adopted as a polarizer, and a large solid angle SEOP/MEOP will be installed as an analyzer. The basic shield designing has been completed and shielding capability of radiation was assessed. Also, the designs of the beam transport section using m=4 supermirror guide tubes are completed. In order to achieve a high flux polarized neutron experiment, we plan to adopt cross correlation method. R&D of the correlation chopper is now under way. We report the current status of the construction and design of POLANO spectrometer.

170 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P18

MAGIC chopper: theory, simulation, and experimental evaluation

Mitsutaka Nakamura1, Kazuhiko Ikeuchi2, Ryoichi Kajimoto1, Wataru Kambara1, Thomas Krist3, Takenao Shinohara1, Masatoshi Arai1, Kazuki Iida2, Kazuya Kamazawa2, Yasuhiro Inamura1, Motoyuki Ishikado2 1Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, 2Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 3Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy [email protected]

Abstract Multi-Ei method which utilize multiple incident energies on a chopper spectrometer, have opened up new possibilities of inelastic neutron scattering experiment[1]. How- ever, in conventional chopper systems, optimization of the experimental condition for all incident energies is absolutely impossible. In order to overcome this problem, we have proposed MAGIC chopper concept which is a new Fermi chopper system with a supermirror-coated slit package[2], and experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of MAGIC chopper concept[3]. The manufacture of MAGIC chopper system for the chopper spectrometer 4SEASONS at Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility in J-PARC is now in progress. In this study, the theoretical aspects of MAGIC chopper concept will be initially presented, and the performances of MAGIC chopper will be evaluated by both Monte Carlo simulation and neutron transmission experiment.

References [1] M. Nakamura et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78, 093002 (2009). [2] M. Nakamura et al., J. Neutron Res. 16, 87 (2008). [3] M. Nakamura et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 737, 142 (2014).

171 Poster NI-P19 6. Neutron Instruments

Design of neutron guide system for high-flux reactor PIK Peter Konik1, 2, Evgeny Moskvin1, 2

1Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia 2Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia [email protected] The construction of high-flux reactor PIK in Gatchina, Russia comes to the final stage. This continuous source would become the most intensive one in the world and, with thermal power of 100 MWt, would outperform HFR at ILL. The overall number of neutron instruments would reach 50 and many of them are to be installed in large neutron guide hall. Two channels, namely H2 and H3, provide neutrons delivered further to neutron guide hall via extensive neutron guide system. H3 is installed on a standard spherical D2 cold source, while H2 is equipped with horizontal cold source, which has cylindrical shape. It is important that such source provides triangle angular intensity distribution, so that all H2 guides should start parallel to channel axis. H3 guides diverges from channel axis as usual, like a fan. It is planned to install 4 H2 guides. 3 guides of constant cross-section 30×105 mm2 deliver neutrons to instruments that uses low divergent beams, like SANS machines, spin-echo spectrometer and double crystal diffractometer. These guides are curved in horizontal plane to avoid direct line of sight and one of them uses benders. Each of them further splits into 2 or 3 branches, thus every instrument has its own guide. The 4th guide is very wide one, having cross-section 165×30 mm2, and it supplies two SESANS instruments and reflectometer with vertical scattering plane REVERANS. These instruments benefits from horizontal focusing and this guide is proposed to have ballistic profile. It was found that for such large source as H2 (165×165 mm2) there is no significant intensity difference between linearly and parabolically divergent sections, so the first one is chosen. Further this guide is S-curved in vertical plane and is splitted in three branches for each instrument. All branches end with focusing section. H3 channel is divided into several guides of different cross-sections. High divergence in both planes allows effective use of ballistic guides. Instruments like multi chopper spectrometer, triple-axis spectrometers and several reflectometers, gaining from focusing in one or both dimensions are to be installed at H3 guides. A considerable amount of space and free end positions is saved for future instruments. The key point of this design project is use of individual guide for each instrument. Only such guides could be fully optimized to deliver maximal flux of useful neutrons with minimal background. Here we present results of Monte-Carlo simulations and founded optimal parameters for each guide.

172 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P20

Development of a medium and small-angle neutron scattering instrument iANS optimized for compact accelerator driven neutron source

Toshinori Ishida1, Hirotaka Sato2, Masato Ohnuma2, Michihiro Furusaka2 1Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan 2Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan [email protected]

Abstract Recently, steel making companies are very much interested in characterizing nanoscopic structures averaged over bulk samples in steel and other metals. Such applications need secure and regular machine times. Compact accelerator-driven neutron sources could fill the needs. We demonstrated that if we focus the measurement to only nanometer region, namely, by limiting the low-Q limit of a SANS instrument, we can relax incident beam collimation by almost 1 order, and therefore can obtain huge gain. We built such an instrument named iANS at one of the model compact accelerator driven neutron sources, Hokkaido University Neutron Source (HUNS), which is based on a 45 MeV electron linac with 1 kW of beam power. It is noteworthy that iANS is a time of flight (TOF) SANS instrument, which enables us to use a wide wavelength band and wide Q range just suitable for nanoscopic measurement. However, we have to consider wavelength dependences for various physical parameters such as incident neutron spectrum and sample transmission. We developed a new data reduction code that overcomes this problem. Also found was a big intensity variation on the surface of the solid methane cold moderator, which gives us complication obtaining transmission. As a consequence, wavelength dependent normalization was not quite right. We developed a code taking into the effect and now, we succeeded to obtain reasonable results that scattering profiles with different wavelengths overlaps each other to a reasonable profile. Background of the instrument has also been reduced and we can now obtain nuclear scattering part of the scattering eliminating magnetic part by applying magnetic field to samples by a permanent magnet.

173 Poster NI-P21 6. Neutron Instruments

Magnetic Shield Design of In-situ SEOP Polarized 3He Neutron Spin Filter for High Magnetic Field Sample Environment Accessories at J-PARC

Hiroshi Kira1, Hirotoshi Hayashida1, Takayuki Oku2, Kenji Sakai2, Kosuke Hiroi2, Takashi Ino3, Kenji Ohoyama4, Manabu Ohkawara4, Kazuhisa Kakurai5, Jun-ichi Suzuki1 and Masatoshi Arai2 1Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society 2J-PARC Center 3High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 4 Advanced Institute for Materials Research/Institute for Materials Research 5Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA [email protected]

We continued developments of an in-situ spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) system of 3He nuclei with an aim to use it as a neutron spin filter (NSF) at J-PARC for several years [1]. Polarized neutron scattering techniques are important and powerful tools in the study of magnetic materials. When we perfume the polarized neutron scattering measurement, we often use magnetic sample environment accessories. A polarized 3He NSF requires a suitably homogeneous magnetic environment to avoid depolarization of 3He nuclear spin but such accessories make inhomoge- neous magnetic field at 3He NSF position. So we designed magnetic shield before [2]. In the present study, we evaluated performance of the magnetic shield by using a finite element method (FEM). We confirmed that the magnetic shield located 1m far from the sample position provides the depo- Figure 1 Difference of 3He nuclei de- larization time T1mag > 100 h when a sample polarization time with/without magnetic is applied magnetic field of 7T (Fig.1). shield.

[1] T. Ino et al., J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 340 (2012) 012006. [2] H. Kira et al., Physica Procedia 42 (2013) 200 - 205.

174 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P22

Neutron diffractometer encompassing protein crystals with large unit cell volume at J-PARC

Kazuo Kurihara, Katsuaki Tomoyori, Taro Tamada, Ryota Kuroki Quantum Beam Science Center, JAEA [email protected]

Abstract The structural information of hydrogen atoms and hydration waters obtained by neutron protein crystallography is expected to contribute to elucidation and improvement of protein function. However, many proteins, especially membrane proteins and protein complexes, have larger molecular weight and then unit cells of their crystals have larger volume, which is out of range of measurable unit cell volume for conventional diffractometers. Since interests of structural biology community are increasing in such proteins, our group had designed the diffractometer which can cover crystals with large unit cell volume (target lattice length: 250 Å). This diffractometer is dedicated for protein single crystals and has been proposed to be installed at J-PARC. Larger unit cell volume causes a problem to separate spots closer to each other in spatial as well as time dimension in diffraction images. Therefore, our proposed diffractometer adopts longer camera distance (L2 = 800mm). In order to cover large neutron detecting area due to long camera distance, novel large-area detector (larger than 300mm × 300mm) with a spatial resolution of better than 2.5mm is under development. In addition, decoupled hydrogen moderator is selected as neutron source which has shorter pulse width. Under the conditions that L1 is 33.5m, beam divergence 0.4° and crystal edge size 2mm, this diffractometer is estimated to afford the resolution (∆d/d) of 1% at the middle and high 2θS angles and be able to resolve spots diffracted from crystals with a lattice length of 220 Å in each axis at d-space of 2.0 Å. To increase measurement efficiency more than 40 these detectors plan to be installed, providing the total solid angle coverage of larger than 33%. For neutron guide, ellipsoidal supermirror is considered to be adopted to achieve higher neutron flux at the sample position. The final gain factor of this diffractometer is estimated to be about 20 or larger as compared with BIX-3/4 diffractometers operated in the research reactor JRR-3 at JAEA.

175 Poster NI-P23 6. Neutron Instruments

Using Fermi choppers for spallation source based chopper spectrometers

Jörg Voigt1, Nicolo Violini1, Thomas Brückel1 1Jülich Center for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany [email protected]

Abstract On modern chopper spectrometers, Fermi choppers are employed for two distinct reasons: (i) Due to the comparably small distance from the axis of rotation they can spin at very high rotation spins compared to disc choppers and hence provide extremely short burst times even for large neutron windows, (ii) on chopper spectrometers with crystal monochromator one can use the fact that the chopper opens for different direction at different times for time focusing. The use of Fermi choppers has also some disadvantages: In contrast to disc choppers, the transmission in the open position is not unity due to front face and absorption losses and the transmission is wavelength dependent due to the finite time-of-flight through the chopper. The later is serious issue for spectrometers at spallation sources that use a polychromatic beam. To overcome the problem a magic Fermi chopper had been proposed and is under development for the 4SEASONS instrument [1]. We discuss the implications of the use of a Fermi chopper on a narrow band bi-spectral chopper spectrometer. Here the higher frequency of the chopper comes as an additional benefit as it increases the sampling density (in wavelength and energy). We compare the performance in the thermal and in the cold energy range with respect to disc choppers and distinct optimized modes of operation for the different solutions.

[1] M. Nakamura, et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A:, 737(0):142 – 147, 2014.

E-mail of the corresponding author:

176 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P-24

Current Status of the small and wide angle neutron scattering instrument TAIKAN at J-PARC

Shin-ichi Takata1, Jun-ichi Suzuki2, Kazuki Ohishi2, Hroki Iwase2, Takenao Shino- hara1, Takayuki Oku1, Takeshi Nakatani1, Yasuhiro, Inamura1, Takayoshi Ito2, Taiki Tominaga2, Hiroshi Kira2, Toshiaki Morikawa2, Masae Sahara2, Tomonori Hosoya1, Kentaro Suzuya1, Kazuya Aizawa1, Masatoshi Arai1, Toshiya Otomo1, and Masaaki Sugiyama3 1Neutron Science Section, MLF Division, J-PARC Center 2Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS) 3Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute [email protected]

Abstract The small and wide angle neutron scattering instrument, TAIKAN, was installed at the BL15 in the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) of J-PARC. TAIKAN is designed for efficient measurement in wide-q range of 0.0005 ~ 20 -1Å by using of the wide wavelength and the four detector banks which cover small-, middle-, high-, and backward-angle. At the present stage, 1,216 PSDs are mounted on TAIKAN, where the number is about 50% of the installable total PSD’s number. On- beam commissioning started in January 2012, and user program began in March 2012. The software of data reduction has newly developed and some sample environment devices such as a sample changer, tension tester, and refrigerator have been improved. User program became more convenient by the development and improvement. In this presentation, we present the current status of TAIKAN about the new software, sample environment devices, and the results on some samples to show the instrument performance of TAIKAN.

177 Poster NI-P25 6. Neutron Instruments

Design of the new SANS instruments on CPHS

Huarui Wu, Xuewu Wang Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University [email protected] Abstract Compact neutron sources have the advantages of low construction cost, flexible configuration, and easy to develop new technology and science. However, they confront challenges of low neutron flux which would severely limit the performance of Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) instruments based on compact neutron sources. The traditional SANS instruments use a collimation system which limits the size and the divergence of the neutron beam [1]. Applying this traditional design to compact neutron sources would make it harder to achieve the flux we need. Therefore it’s significant to develop new SANS design methods. Axisymmetric grazing-incidence neutron focusing optics, which is inspired by Wolter mirrors used in X-ray telescopes, is a newly developing device for neutron scattering and imaging [2] [3] [4]. We applied this technology to a compact source based SANS instruments and found it can improve the neutron flux and the instrument resolution. In this paper, we studied two types of grazing-incidence focusing mirrors: EH mirrors which consist of co-focal ellipsoid and hyperboloid, and PP mirrors which consist of two coaxial Paraboloids. We studied the improvements of the SANS instruments when applying grazing incidence focusing optics to the Compact Pulsed Hadron Sources (CPHS) at Tsinghua University. We analyzed the position, the length, the radius, the configuration and other parameters that affect the performance of the instrument theoretically. We also used Monte Carlo software package McStas to simulate the instrument. On the premise of the key performance better than that of the traditional design, we propose a preliminary design which could increase the flux at least 50-fold, for the SANS instrument at CPHS. References: [1] Liu D, Gubarev M V, Resta G, et al. Axisymmetric grazing-incidence focusing optics for small-angle neutron scattering[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2012, 686: 145-150. [2] Khaykovich B, Gubarev M V, Bagdasarova Y, et al. From x-ray telescopes to neutron scattering: Using axisymmetric mirrors to focus a neutron beam[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2011, 631(1): 98-104. [3] Liu D, Khaykovich B, Gubarev M V, et al. Demonstration of a novel focusing small-angle neutron scattering instrument equipped with axisymmetric mirrors[J]. Nature communications, 2013, 4. [4] Liu D, Hussey D, Gubarev M V, et al. Demonstration of achromatic cold-neutron microscope utilizing axisymmetric focusing mirrors[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102(18): 183508. 178 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P26

The Time-of-Flight Ultra-Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (TOF-USANS) Instrument at SNS: Commissioning Started in August 2014

J. M. Carpenter1, 2, M. Agamalian1 and A. D. Stoica1

1 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS-6475, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 2 Argonne National Laboratory, Bldg 360, Argonne, IL 60439

With the advent of powerful pulsed neutron sources, a new multi-wavelength Time-of-Flight (TOF) Ultra-Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (USANS) instrument is constructed at the SNS BL-1A and it is currently under commissioning. At pulsed sources n different monochromatic wavelengths Bragg reflected from a perfect crystal at the same angle appear at the detector at different times, which provide simultaneous USANS measurements at n different Q-ranges by making a single scan of the analyzer crystal. Because the Bragg angle stays the same, the main unit of the TOF-DCD is identical to the classical Bonse-Hart DCD; however, the Q-resolution and the neutron flux become variable. The instrument is equipped with the unique double focusing premonochromator on Cu(111) mosaic crystals, which allows using the first five orders of the Bragg reflection from the Si(220) triple-bounce o channel-cut crystal set up for the Bragg angle θB = 70 . We expect to reach the best −6 −1 Q-resolution, Qmin ~ 4·10 Å with the fifth order, n = 5, at the wavelength λ5 = 0.72 Å and the highest total flux-at-sample, ~ 2·105 n/sec, with the first order, n = 1, at the −5 −1 wavelength λ1 = 3.6 Å (Qmin ~ 4.5·10 Å ). The flux enhancement is achieved by means of a 2D focusing m = 4 supermirror guide and a 2D focusing mosaic Cu(111) premonochromator. Because the instrument operates in the band of wavelength 0.72 < λ < 3.6 Å, the T0 chopper blocks the range of short wavelength λ < 0.8 Å.

179 Poster NI-P27 6. Neutron Instruments

Band chopper: a solution for large beams and limited space

Alexander Ioffe, Peter Stronciwilk

1Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Outstation at MLZ, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany 2Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Engineering and Tech- nology (ZEA-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich, Germany

[email protected]

Abstract

With existing neutron choppers, the duration of the neutron pulses produced is coupled with the size of the rapidly-rotating parts: the higher the linear speed at the chopper periphery, the shorter the neutron pulses produced. Indeed, choppers with a large diameter are in fact necessary; serious problems may result when chopper disks are installed close to the target, which may conflict with the shielding of neigh- bouring beams. Here we describe a new type of chopper that is free from such limitations. It employs a circular band made of a flexible material transparent for neutrons and coated with a neutron absorber. The band is driven by a motor with a controllable rotation frequency, allowing for the control of the linear speed of the band; indeed the neutron pulse width is decoupled from the source repetition rate. This kind of flexibility, which allows for the in-situ adjustment of the chopper parameters, cannot be provided by disk or Fermi choppers. Moreover, an increase of the beam height does not influence the chopper construction, whereas for disk choppers, an increase in the diameter of the disk is necessary. Thanks to this flexibility and the arbitrary length of the band, the position of the motor also becomes arbitrary, so that the motor can be placed away from the neutron guide, in the “radiation-free” area. This prolongs the life of the motor and offers easy access to it during the source operation.

180 No.6 Neutron instrument Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P28

Thermal neutron tomography and transmission spectroscopy at RIKEN Accelerator-driven compact neutron source M. Yamada1, Y. Otake1, A. Taketani1, H. Sunaga1, M. Takamura1, S. Wang1,2, Q. Jia1,2, S. Yanagimachi1, S. Mihara1, Y. Ikeda1, H. Ota1, Y. Yamagata1, Y. Kiyanagi3, Y. Shiota3, H. Sato4, and T. Nakayama5 1RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2XJTU, 3Nagoya University, 4Hokkaido University, and 5KOBELCO [email protected] Abstract Since January 2013, fast and thermal neutrons have been utilized for the modification of RIKEN accelerator-driven compact neutron source (RANS), the development of a fast neutron detector, and investigations mainly of infrastructural materials. Since steel is a relative cheap structural material, we can expect stable supply and almost all infrastructures such as bridges involve steel. However, steel easily corrodes in outdoor environments. Therefore, painting its surface is the major way to prevent corrosion but it requires constant repair, which cost more than 20 billion dollar per year in Japan. Since the painted steel is subjected to the cycle of wetting and drying to cause the growth of rust under the paint, we visualized the water distribution and its time development of ordinal and alloy corroded steel specimens non-destructively for the first time in the world using time-integrated thermal-neutron imaging at RANS. These results showed the higher corrosion resistivity of alloy steel: the water diffusion in alloy steel was localized just around the starting point of water soaking and its drying time was shorter than the normal steel. We also measured the depth of rust into the base metal of the ordinal corroded steel at dry state using neutron tomography. Crystallographic and metallographic information is also important for the development of high-performance structural and functional steels and methods for efficient plastic deformation and assembly. Using a pulsed beam with the narrowest pulse width from the thermal neutron moderator, we demonstrated transmission spectroscopy using time-of-flight and measured the Bragg-edge spectrum of a welded ordinal steel. These results and the detailed study of the characteristics of a pulsed neutron beam at RANS will be presented.

181 Poster NI-P29 6. Neutron Instruments

Multi Pulse-Shaped Incident Energy Band Measurements on the TOF type near Backscattering Spectrometer DNA in J-PARC

Kaoru Shibata 1, a, Nobuaki Takahashi 2, Masato Matsuura3, Takeshi Yamada 3, Taiki Tominaga3, and Yukinobu Kawakita1 1 Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, JAEA, 2 Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, 3 Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai

[email protected]

Abstract The Si crystal analyzer near backscattering TOF type spectrometer DNA built in the spallation neutron source of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). DNA is the first TOF type Si crystal analyzer backscattering spectrometer with pulse shaping chopper installed at a spallation pulsed neutron source. The pulse-shaping has the advantage of obtaining a variety of slit opening times. On the other hand, it has the disadvantage of limiting the wavelength band width measured within one pulse-shaped neutron beam. This disadvantage is solved by employing 4 slit discs on the pulse-shaping chopper and generating multiple pulse-shaped incident beams to realize efficient measuring. We will report the commissioning result of that multi pulse-shaped incident energy band measurements and current performance of DNA.

Reference: [1] N. Takahashi, K.Shibata, Y. Kawakita, K. Nakajima, Y. Inamura, T. Nakatani, H. Nakagawa, Fujiwara, T. J. Sato, I. Itsukushima, F. Mezei, D. Neumann, H. Mukai, M. Arai, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 80, SB007-1 - SB007-4 (2011).

182 Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P30

Current status of a TOF-Laue single crystal neutron diffractometer SENJU

Takashi Ohhara1, Ryoji Kiyanagi1, Akiko Nakao2, Takayasu Hanashima2, Koji Mu- nakata2, Taketo Moyoshi2, Tetsuya Kuroda2, Koji Kaneko1, Itaru Tamura1, Kenichi Oikawa1, Takuro Kawasaki1, Yasuhiro Yamauchi1 and Seiko Ohira-Kawamura1 1J-PARC Center, JAEA 2CROSS [email protected]

Abstract SENJU, a TOF-Laue single crystal neutron diffractometer at the BL18 of MLF/ J-PARC, was designed for precise crystal and magnetic structure analyses under multiple extreme environments such as low-temperature, high-pressure and high-magnetic field, and also capable of taking diffraction measurements of small single crystals, less than 1.0 mm3 in volume. Just after the launch of SENJU in March 2012, we newly installed and/or upgraded some sample environment devices. SENJU has a vacuum sample chamber and 37 two-dimensional scintillation detectors. Wavelength of incident neutron is 0.3 - 4.4 Å for the 1st frame and 4.6 - 8.8 Å for the 2nd frame. Because the short wavelength neutron is available and the sample position is covered by large solid angle of the detectors, wide reciprocal space within 30 Å-1 can be measured simultaneously by one measurement. As sample environment devices, 4K cryostat with 2-axes goniometer, longitudinal magnet, high-pressure cell, high temperature furnace and other devices are available or in commissioning. The most popular sample environment device on SENJU is the 4 K cryostat with a fixed-chi type 2-axes goniometer. We adopted piezo-rotators to rotate the sample crystal under vacuumed and cryo conditions. The 2-axes goniometer works stably even at 4 K and the time for cooling was 4.5 hours. A longitudinal magnet was recently installed on SENJU. The lowest temperature was 1.42 K and the maximum magnetic field was 6.85 T. A test diffraction measurement of a CeCoGe3 single crystal under 1.5 K and 0.5 T showed that Bragg reflections from the sample was clearly observed and the Bragg peaks of the sample crystal were much higher than the peaks from the magnet itself. In this presentation, we will show the current status of sample environment devices for SENJU such as cryostat, magnet and other devices.

183

No.7 Devices Poster NI-P31 6. Neutron Instruments

Applications of new neutron beam monitor (nGEM) Hidetoshi Ohshita1, Masakuni Ishiwata2, Kazuya Iwase2, Fumika Fujisaki3, Suguru Muto1, Setsuo Satoh1, Tomohiro Seya1, Masataka Sakaguchi1, Toshiya Otomo1,3, Kazutaka Ikeda1, Naokatsu Kaneko1 and Kentaro Suzuya4 1KEK IMSS, 2BBT, 3SOKENDAI, 4JAEA [email protected] Abstract For High Intensity Total Diffractometer (NOVA) at J-PARC, we have developed a new neutron beam monitor (nGEM) based on a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) [1]. nGEM is one of gaseous detectors, and is a two-dimensional neutron detector. nGEM’s thermal neutron efficiency varies from 0.5% to 5% and is realized by exchanging an enriched-boron deposited aluminum cathode. nGEM has a compact body, including the electronics, and is able to transfer data directly to a PC via a network. Since we have refined the algorithm of the event selection in the onboard electronics, we expect to improve the high counting capability and the position resolution. Two nGEMs have been installed into NOVA as an incident neutron beam monitor and a transmitted neutron beam monitor. The incident neutron beam monitor is used for monitoring the amount of incident neutrons. The transmitted neutron beam monitor is used to estimate sample density from the result of the transmission. The beam size and the neutron intensity were also measured at the sample position of NOVA. In this presentation, we will describe about the applications of nGEM.

References [1] F. Sauli, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 386 (1997) 531.

184 No.7 Devices Poster 6. Neutron Instruments NI-P32

A radial collimator for a time-of-flight neutron spectrometer Jennifer L. Niedziela1*, Matthew B. Stone2, Mark J. Loguillo1, Mark A. Overbay1, Douglas L. Abernathy2 1Instrument and Source Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory 2Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Abstract We have engineered and installed a radial collimator for use in the scattered beam of a thermal neutron time-of-flight spectrometer at a spallation neutron source. The radial collimator effectively reduces the diameter of the scattering volume such that the scattering intensity due to material outside of this volume, for example complicated sample environments, is decreased substantially. The collimator is located inside of the sample space of the instrument, which routinely cycles between atmospheric conditions to a cryogenic vacuum atmosphere. The control system of the collimator is fully integrated with the instrument control system. We describe the design and characterization of this radial collimator.

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

185 Memo Session 7

Devices

7-1 Neutron Optics #1 7-2 Neutron Optics #2 7-3 Devices

Buckwheat in Hitachi city Oral D-01 7-1 Neutron Optics #1

Development of focusing supermirors by means of ion beam sputtering and ultra-precise figuring techniques

D. Yamazaki1, R. Maruyama1, Y. Kasugai1, M. Harada1, K. Soyama1, H. Hayashida2, M. Nagano3, T. Tabata3, N. Mitsushima3, K. Yamamura3 1J-PARC Center, 2CROSS, 3Osaka University [email protected]

Abstract Neutron beam focusing is essential when one performs a measurement on a small spot of a sample or a small angle scattering (SANS) measurement in that beam focusing can enhance beam intensity at the sample and reduce backgrounds. When it comes to pulsed neutrons, a focusing optics based on total reflection is preferable because it is free from chromatic aberration. We have been developing focusing supermirrors by depositing a supermirror on a precisely figured aspheric surface [1-4]. Surface of a quartz substrate is figured using the “numerically-controlled local wet etching” technique. The figured surface shows a figure error of less than 1 micrometer p-v and an RMS roughness of less than 0.2 nm. Deposition of NiC/Ti supermirror (m=4) with ion beam sputtering keeps the figure error within several micrometers p-v and the roughness almost un- changed. A one-dimensional elliptical supermirror of 400mm in length was developed and it successfully achieved focused peak width (FWHM) of 0.128 mm and peak intensity 52 times that of unfocused (divergent) beam. We also tried two-dimensional focusing using two (vertical and lateral) focusing mirrors in a Kirkpatric-Baez configuration and successfully focused the beam to a spot of 0.5 mm in diameter. We will also present measurement results of a thin elliptical supermirror for multiple stacking and several applications to sample measurements including SANS and prompt gamma spectroscopy.

[1] K. Yamamura et al., Opt. Express 17, 6414 (2009) [2] D. Yamazaki et al., J. Phys. Conf. Series 251, 012076 (2010) [3] M. Nagano et al., J. Phys. Conf. Series 340, 012034 (2012) [4] M. Nagano et al., J. Phys. Conf. Series 340, 012016 (2012)

188 Oral 7-1 Neutron Optics #1 D-02

Conceptual design of a reflective focusing system for a Small Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument

D. Martin Rodriguez1, P. M. Bentley1 1Neutron Optics and Shielding Group, European Spallation Source ESS AB, Lund, Sweden [email protected]

Abstract Designing a focusing system for a Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) instrument has an important challenge: the divergence of the beam still has to be very small. Examples of focusing systems include an ensemble of refractive lenses that is used to focus the beam at the detector, and also parabolic or elliptic mirrors.

The mirror methods generally produce images that are off-axis, so the instrument needs to be built around the mirror system. On the other hand, the lenses can be swapped in and out of the instrument, but suffer from chromatic aberration.

In this report we propose a different system that can be easily installed in a conventional SANS instrument like a lens, or indeed as a Wolter optic would be used, and since it employs reflective optics it does not suffer from chromatic aberration. It consists of two conic-section elements, one to create a virtual source and the other one focused on the detector, to be placed upstream of the sample. We analyze the properties of this focusing system as a function of the shape of the mirrors in terms of phase space transformation. We find that there may be a cost in transmission compared to the lens system, but the advantage is that due to the absence of chromatic aberrations it is trivial to use it in time-of-flight SANS. Finally, we also study the effects of gravity in the performance of this system.

189 Oral D-03 7-1 Neutron Optics #1

Development of a large multiple-segment elliptical neutron-focusing mirror using metal substrate

Shin Takeda1, Guo Jiang2, Shinya Morita2, Tatsuro Oda3, Jun-ichi Kato2, Norifumi Yamada4, Masahiro Hino5, Yutaka Yamagata2, Michihiro Furusaka1 1Graduate school of Engineering, Hokkaido University, 2RAP, RIKEN, 3Department of nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, 4Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto Univer- sity, 5Neutron section, J-PARC Center [email protected]

Abstract To fabricate a large neutron-focusing mirror, as long as a meter in length, it is not practical to make it in one piece, because of difficulties of machining such a large piece and of homogeneously coating supermirror to a large curved surface. A realistic strategy to overcome this is “segmentation”. Usually, glass substrate is used for supermirror substrate, but when it is segmented, it would be better to use metal substrates because it is easy to use mechanical fixtures to precisely align all the segments after fabricating them. We could use aluminum or stainless steel substrates with electroless NiP plating. Because such NiP is amorphous, we can expect to polish it to a very smooth surface as smooth as with a glass substrate. An elliptical focusing mirror using aluminum-alloy with electroless NiP plating was fabricated. It has 550 mm in full length, but divided into 2 segments each with 275 mm long, and the width of 60 mm. The surface was machined into an elliptical shape with the major axis of 2,150 mm and the minor one of 21.5 mm. Position-determining pins were used to fix the relative position between the segments. The shape figure error was 6 µm even after disassembling and assembling the mirror and the difference in level between the segments was less than 3µm. Three Qc Supermirror coating was successfully applied, and the surface roughness, which is considered to be a source of diffuse scattering, was measured to be 0.2 nm rms when waviness of long scale (about 70 µm) is filtered out. In conclusion, we successfully fabricated a large elliptical focusing mirror segmented into two parts using metal substrates with electroless NiP plating. The shape was basically fabricated with an ultra precision cutting machine by an envelope shaper cutting method, then polished and supermirror coated. The shape figure was very low even with the segmentation and the surface roughness was as low as 0.2 nm rms.

190 Oral 7-2 Neutron Optics #2 D-04

Neutron optics at BL06 beam line for spin echo (VIN ROSE) M. Hino1, T. Oda2, H. Endo3, N.L.Yamada3, M.Kitaguchi4, H. Seto3 and Y. Kawabata1 1Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2Dep. Nucl. Eng., Kyoto University, 3IMSS, KEK, 4KMI, Nagoya University [email protected] Abstract KEK and Kyoto University have constructed two beam lines at BL06 at J-PARC/MLF for the VIN ROSE (VIllage of Neutron ResOnance Spin Echo spectrometers). The VIN ROSE consists of NRSE (Neutron Resonance Spin Echo) and MIEZE (Modulated Intensity by Zero Effort) in order to cover wide energy range with various sample environments. As shown in Fig.1, there are two curved neutron guides at the BL06. The NRSE and MIEZE guide tubes are curved with curvature radii of 140 m (7.3

Fig. 1 Schematic top view of MIEZE and NRSE beam line at BL06 at J-PARC/MLF.

191 No.6 Neutron Instruments: Beamline design Oraland simulations / background reduction D-05 7-2 Neutron Optics #2

Development of general guide concepts for the European Spallation Source C. Zendler1, D. Martin Rodriguez, P. M. Bentley Neutron Optics and Shielding Group, European Spallation Source ESS AB, Lund, Sweden [email protected] Abstract The construction of the European Spallation Source (ESS) has many challenges from the neutron beam transport point of view. The planned 5 MW proton beam power and 2 GeV beam energy driving the source makes the presence of energetic secondary particles in the target a real concern, which have to be filtered in order to make the neutron beamlines safe, operational and to provide good quality measurements with low instrument backgrounds. We present generic solutions for neutron guides of short and medium length instruments which are optimized for good performance at minimal cost. Direct line of sight to the source is avoided twice, with at least the first point out of line of sight inside the bunker to minimize shielding costs. These concepts are intended to be possible baseline geometries for neutron guides less than 60 metres in length at the ESS.

192 Oral 7-2 Neutron Optics #2 D-06

Reflection of slow neutrons from powder of nanorods

V.К. Ignatovich1,a, V.V. Nesvizhevsky2

1 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia 2 Institut Max von Laue – Paul Langevin, Grenoble, France aCorresponding author [email protected]

Two phenomena were recently observed: efficient diffuse reflection of very cold neutrons (VCN) from nano-structured matter for any angle of neutron incidence on the matter surface, and quasi-specular reflection of cold neutrons (CN) from nano-structured matter at small angles of neutron incidence on the matter surface. In both cases, powder of diamond nanoparticles was used as nano- structured matter, and the measured reflection probabilities far exceeded the values known for alternative reflectors. Both these phenomena are already used in neutron experiments and for building neutron sources. In the present theoretical work, we consider an option of further increasing the efficiency of nano-structured reflectors due to replacing spherical nanoparticles by nanorods. We showed that VCN albedo from powder of randomly oriented nanorods is lower than their albedo from powder of nanospheres of equal diameter. However albedo of VCN and quasi-specular reflection of CN from powder of long nanorods oriented parallel to the powder surface exceed those for powder of nanospheres of equal diameter. The reflectivity of neutrons with the speed up to 500 m/s can excee 50%. In our approach we suppose that the incident and reflected neutrons have isotropic angular distribution. First we find reflection from the powder of semi- R∞ infinite thickness. To do that we cleave a thin layer from the infinite one and find an integral equation, representing scattering from the thin layer by perturbation theory. This integral equation is reduced to a second order algebraic equation, which has an elementary solution. From this approach we can find not only reflectivity, but also the penetration length of the neutron flux inside the matter, which depends on values of scattering and absorption cross sections. The obtained results differ from those, which can be obtained in diffusional approach, and they have a larger range of applicability. Having found all the parameters for the infinite medium, we again write the equation for the matter of semi-infinite thickness, but this time cleaving from it a layer of finite thickness D. In this case reflectivityD R and transmissivity TD are unknown, and equations for them are reduced to a nonhomogeneous system of linear algebraic equation. Their solution has form alike to those for subcritical neutron reflection and transmission amplitude in quantum mechanics. Besides reflectivity and transmissivity we also calculated angular dependence of macroscopic neutron scattering cross sections averaged over orientation of nanorods in the powder. In the case of long nanorods oriented parallel to the powder surface the angular distribution exhibits visible quasi-specular component.

193 No.7 Devices Oral D-07 7-3 Devices Detector development within the International Collaboration on Neutron Detectors

Karl Zeitelhack1, Nigel J Rhodes2* and members of the ICND

1 Technical University Munich, FRM II, Lichtenbergstr. 1, D – 85747 Garching, Germany 2 STFC, ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX United Kingdom

*[email protected]

Abstract

The International Collaboration on Neutron Detectors, (ICND), is a collaboration between ten facilities to develop non-3He based detector technologies for neutron scattering applications. The collaboration provides a forum for the exchange of knowledge, information and techniques between the facility members. In 2009 the price of 3He was already high and the gas was difficult to obtain in large quantities. In July of that year a technical working group was set up in to assess the impact of the 3He situation on the neutron scattering facilities. During the next twelve months a proposal was prepared for a joint R and D programme into alternative detector technologies which was signed in September 2010. The research programme is divided into three working groups, each dedicated to a specific detector technology. These are: scintillation detectors, gaseous detectors with solid 10B convertor and 10 BF3 detectors. Karl Zeitelhack is coordinator of the collaboration and the current partners are ESS, FRM II, FZJ, HZB, ILL, ISIS, J-PARC, NIST ORNL and PSI. To date the programme has been dedicated to the development of large area detectors, which in 2009 accounted for more than 90% of the projected use of 3He amongst the facilities over the next five years. The scintillator working group is developing detectors based on zinc sulphide scintillator loaded with 6Li or 10B and read out by wavelength shifting fibre. The solid 10B group is working on the development of coating processes and multi-layered detectors while 10 the BF3 group has developed a resistive wire detector, together with a method of safely handling and operating large volumes of the toxic gas. This presentation will illustrate the current status of detector development within the collaboration, today’s challenges and future plans.

194 Oral 7-3 Devices D-08

Development of position-sensitive scintillator neutron detectors at the J-PARC/MLF

Tatsuya Nakamura1*, Kentaro Toh1, Kaoru Sakasai1, Katsunori Honda1, Kazuhiko Soyama1, Masaki Katagiri2 1Neutron Instrumentation Section, MLF, J-PARC Center, JAEA 2Ibaraki University, Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences [email protected]*

Abstract Development of position-sensitive scintillator detectors at the J-PARC/MLF is briefly reviewed. The detector development for the neutron scattering instruments in the J-PARC/MLF initiated back in 2001. After the basic experiments and design study we have produced first beam line detectors in 2008 both with the one and two-dimensional position-sensitivity. Thanks to a dedicated support from ISIS detector group eight Japanese ENGIN-X type linear detectors were successfully developed for TAKUMI with a clear fiber technology. These detectors have produced high quality data as designed without any problems. Regarding the two-dimensional detectors we have tackled the challenging detector specifications with a wavelength-shifting fiber technology. The detector that has a sub-millimeter spatial resolution was developed for the first time in the J-PARC in 2008. Thirty of these detectors have been installed to date on iBIX. With an extension of the fiber detector technology the detector that has an active area of 256 × 256 mm2 with a 4-mm spatial resolution was designed and made for the single crystal diffractometer, SENJU. The detector bank of SENJU is now fully populated with thirty seven of these detectors to completion. 10 These detectors have been implemented with ZnS/ B2O3 ceramic scintillator developed at J-PARC to increase detection efficiency and to ensure a count rate capability. In the presentation recent development work including the alternative detectors to 3He gas is also introduced as well as the new detector development for the next iBIX instrument.

195 Oral D-09 7-3 Devices

Performance of boron lined straw tubes for large area neutron detectors.

Davide Raspino1, Nigel Rhodes1, Erik Schooneveld1 1STFC, ISIS, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK [email protected]

Abstract Neutron scattering instruments, which required large area detector coverage and high detection efficiency, like: LET at ISIS, 4SEASONS at MLF, Sequoia at SNS and IN5 at ILL, use 3He based detectors. Future instruments of this type will not be able to use 3He based detector because of the 3He shortage which started in 2008. This generated an extensive development into alternatives to the 3He based detector. 10B-layer based detectors are one of the options under investigation. Several neutron scattering facilities and neutron detector manufacturing companies are currently 10 developing neutron detectors that use thin films of B4C as a neutron converter. Here we report the results of the tests performed at ISIS with the boron lined straw tubes produced by Proportional Technologies [1]. The detector consists of a 1” diameter tube with seven straw tubes inside. The straw tubes, with a diameter of 7.5 mm, are arranged in a hexagonal array. The inside of the straw tubes are coated 10 with a thin layer of enriched B4C. The detector is filled with an Argon based gas mixture. To achieve the same efficiency as commonly used pressurized 3He filled detectors, multiple layers of boron lined tubes have to be stacked in the neutron flight path. A large number of electronic channels might be needed to read out such a detector array. The authors have investigated several methods of reducing the number of electronic readout channels. Results are presented here. The measured position resolution as a function of detector bias voltage, incident neutron rate and readout method will be discussed. The efficiency of the detector will be shown as a function of the neutron wavelength and compared to a standard resistive wire 3He filled detector. [1] http://www.proportionaltech.com

196 Oral 7-3 Devices D-10

10 High Quality B4C Coatings for Detection of Cold Neutrons

Gregor NOWAK1, Michael STÖRMER1, Christian HORSTMANN1, Reinhard KAMP- MANN1,2, Hans-Werner BECKER3, Martin HAESE-SEILLER1, Jean-Francois MOU- LIN1, Mathias POMM1, Thorsten KÜHL2, Engelhard PRÄTZEL2, Daniel HÖCHE1, Richard HALL-WILTON4, Martin MÜLLER1 and Andreas SCHREYER1

1Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany 2Ruhr-Universität Bochum, RUBION, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum , Germany 3DENEX – Detectors for Neutrons – GmbH, Stöteroggestr. 71, 21339 Lüneburg, Germany 4European Spallation Source ESS AB, P.O Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden

For neutron detection in scientific and industrial applications, detectors based on 10 3 B4C thin films are envisaged to replace conventional He counters. These replacement efforts are triggered by the extreme limited availability and raising price 3 10 for He. Therefore, thin-film preparation and analysis of B4C coatings are in the focus of R&D for novel detector systems using conversion layers containing 10B. The Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG) operates a unique facility for magnetron sputter deposition of large-area single and multilayer coatings (up to 1500 mm x 120 mm) as needed at FEL and synchrotron sources. Neutron conversion layers of 10 B4C have been deposited with thicknesses of up to 2 μm on Si and up to 10 µm on 10 Al substrates with this facility. The B4C coatings show excellent adhesion to the selected substrates. The achieved thickness uniformity was determined to be less than 2 % over the entire deposition area. Furthermore, the magnetron sputter process has been applied to coat thin Al substrates with a thickness of 0.3 mm and lateral 10 dimensions of 1430 mm x 100 mm with 1 µm of B4C. The chemical and isotopic 10 compositions of the B4C coatings were investigated by means of XPS, SIMS, and RBS. These experimental results are discussed with respect to the neutronic application. The neutron detection efficiency was tested at the ToF-beamline REFSANS at FRM-II (Munich). At small angles of incidence (αi = 1°) of the neutron beam with respect to the converter surface a quantum efficiency of up to 80 % was measured 10 for a 1 μm thick B4C converter coating. In summary, these results demonstrate 10 the high potential of the magnetron sputtered B4C coatings as neutron conversion layers in upcoming neutron gaseous detectors for cold and thermal neutrons. This activity is performed as an in-kind contribution to the ESS instrumentation, and is part of the German support to the ESS Pre-Construction Phase and Design Update.

E-mail of the corresponding author: [email protected]

197 Oral D-11 7-3 Devices

3He-free triple GEM thermal neutron detector

Antonino Pietropaolo1, Gerardo Claps1, Fabrizio Murtas2, G. Celentano1, A. Santoni1, A. Vannozzi1, L. Quintieri3,

1 ENEA Frascati Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 45 00044 Frascati (Roma) Italy 2 CERN and INFN-LNF Via E. Fermi 45 00044 Frascati (Roma) Italy 3 ENEA Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 S. Maria di Galeria (Rome), Italy [email protected]

Abstract A novel type of thermal neutron detector based on the gas electron multiplier (GEM) technology is presented in the framework of the research and development activity on the 3He replacement for neutron detection. The device relies on a series of boron-coated alumina sheets placed perpendicularly to the incident neutron beam direction. A first prototype of the device mounting only four sheets was developed at INFN-Frascati and tested at the TRIGA reactor (ENEA-Casaccia) to assess its performances in terms of efficiency and dynamic range, being also corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations. The device was also tested at the ISIS spallation neutron source (Rutherford Appleton laboratory, UK). A new prototype version with larger number of sheets featuring 10B enriched deposition was tested on beam at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US) to assess its performance in terms of beam position resolution, efficiency and signal-to-background (S/B) ratio as compared to a 10 bar 3He tube for sub-thermal neutrons. The obtained results, that are going to be presented in this contribution, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed detector configuration to achieve a good spatial resolution and, in the perspective, higher thermal neutron efficiency, comparable to 3He tubes typically used for diagnostic in nuclear reactors. Furthermore, the main issues to be addressed to reach the goal, mostly related to boron coating procedures and characterization, will be also pointed out.

198 Oral 7-3 Devices D-12

Development and future prospects of wavelength shifting fibre detectors at ISIS

G. Jeff Sykora1, Erik Schooneveld1 and Nigel Rhodes1 1Instrumentation division, STFC, ISIS facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Har- well Oxford, United Kingdom [email protected]

Abstract

Scintillation detectors using ZnS:Ag/6LiF are currently used in a number of facilities such as J-PARC [1], SNS [2] and ISIS[3]. At the ISIS pulsed neutron and muon scattering facility, these scintillation detectors have been employed for more than two decades and service approximately half of the instruments. The current generation of ZnS:Ag/6LiF detectors on ISIS are optically coupled to photomultiplier tubes (PMT) with clear optical fibres [4]. New instruments will, however, require larger area or finer resolution detectors which render clear optical fibres obsolete due to high costs and manufacturing difficulties. To reduce cost and manufacturing complications, a new generation of ZnS:Ag/6LiF detectors is being developed that use wavelength shifting fibre (WLSF) instead of clear optical fibres.

ISIS, along with other facilities, is developing WLSF detector technology to suit a variety of instruments. IMAT is the first ISIS instrument planning on using WLSF detectors on a large scale. Modifications to the IMAT detector design have made WLSF detectors useful for current reflectometers and future single crystal diffractometers encompassing a broad range of neutron scattering applications.

Recent advances in WLSF detector technology at ISIS are presented here. Cost reduction strategies, such as a transition from single anode to multi-anode PMTs and optically isolated scintillator elements to continuous scintillator sheets, will be discussed. Advantages and current disadvantages of WLSF detector technology will also be discussed. Thermal neutron detection efficiencies of approximately 65% with corresponding gamma sensitivities on the order of 10-7 and multi-counting less than 0.1% are shown. Pixel to pixel variation of less than ±6% has been achieved for linear and 2D position sensitive detectors. These properties make WLSF detectors viable for a variety of applications at ISIS.

[1] T. Nakamura et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, 686, 64-70 (2012). [2] SNS. [Online] http://neutrons.ornl.gov/instruments/support/detectors/ssnds.html. [3] ISIS. [Online] http://www.isis.stfc.ac.uk/. [4] N. Rhodes, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, 529, 243-248 (2004).

199 Oral D-13 7-3 Devices

Development of Ce:LiCAF Scintillator System for High Precision Nu- clear Data Measurement Using Short Pulsed X-Band Electron Linac Based Neutron Source

D. Matsuyama1, Y. Kusumawati1, K. Tagi1, T. Fujiwara1, K. Dobashi1 and M. Uesaka1 1 The University of Tokyo [email protected]

Abstract We are developing a new neutron source at Tokai campus of University of Tokyo. Using this system, high precision nuclear data measurement is planned. In order to measure high precision nuclear data, the neutron detector must have a large neutron reaction cross section and fast decaying time. 10B or 3He gaseous detector has a large neutron cross section and low gamma-ray sensitivity. Due to long rising time of those detectors, they are not suitable for high precision TOF (Time of Flight) measurement. On the other hand, an inorganic neutron scintillator, especially Ce:LiCAF the light decay time of which is 40 ns, has a great characteristic in time resolution and that is superior to other neutron scintillators .However, an electron linac driven neutron source emits intense gamma-rays, and the gamma-ray sensitivity of the inorganic scintillators is an important issue for precise neutron measurement. There are two methods of discriminating between neutrons and gamma-rays. The first is the method using a difference of the spatial range of the secondary particles of neutron, alpha-ray and tritium in a scintillator such as a Ce:LiCAF crystal. The ranges of the second particles are longer than that of gamma-rays. Thus, there is the appropriate size where the secondary neutrons are detected and the gamma-rays escape. We use the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation code and calculate the energy deposition of neutrons and gamma-rays in Ce:LiCAF. The calculated results show that the crystal thickness must be less than 5 mm for the discrimination. However, the crystal size should be larger than 1 mm x 1 mm to keep reasonable signal-to- noise ratio. The improvement of the discrimination due to the change of the size is done by experiment. The other is the method which uses a difference of the light decaying time of scintillator. The rising time of the signal of gamma-rays is shorter than that of neutrons. By using two shaping amplifiers having different time constants, the signal of gamma-rays can be eliminated in the peak of the signal of neutron. Nu- merical and experimental results are presented.

200 No.7 Devices Oral 7-3 Devices D-14

Fast neutron imaging system for nondestructive inspection of large-scale concrete structure Yoshichika Seki1, Atsushi Taketani1, Takao Hashiguchi1, Hideo Ota1, Shuji Tanaka2, Koichi Kino3, Katsuya Hirota4, Hidetada Baba1, Sheng Wang1, Yutaka Yamagata1, Yoshie Otake1

1RIKEN, 2KEK, 3Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, 4Department of Physics, Nagoya University

[email protected] Abstract Aging deterioration of social infrastructure, which is manly made of concrete, is a serious problem in advanced countries. Especially in Japan, a lot of large concrete structures such as bridges will have outrun their life-spans of about 60 years in the next 10-20 years. This concern has increased the demand for novel methods of nondestructive inspection inside the concrete. The fast neutron can penetrate thick concrete and be promising probe for detecting its inner defect although there is currently no way of producing transmission images for concrete walls more than 50 cm thick. We have developed a new 2D fast neutron detector which consists of a 4 x 4 array of scintillators and solid state Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC). The size of a pixel is 3 cm x 3 cm. The deterioration of concrete is measured by observing cracks, moisture and fractures of steel frame inside concrete. The concrete with steel bars, air space, and water have been successfully observed using the detector at RIKEN Accelerator-driven compact Neutron Source. Monte Carlo simulations have also carried out with Geant4 and PHITS codes for understanding of the experimental results. We will report the status of the development and discuss the method for more efficient measurements.

201 Oral D-15 7-3 Devicesdiscussion item 7: devices/detectors, oral A Vision For Detectors for the European Spallation Source ESS AB Richard Hall-Wilton1,2, Oliver Kirstein1,9 Maddi Echegary1, Kevin Fissum1,3, Carina Höglund1,4, Mewlude Imam1,4, Kalliopi Kanaki1, Anton Khaplanov1, Thomas Kittelmann1, Scott Kolya1, Björn Nilsson1,5, Luis Ortega1, Dorothea Pfeiffer1,6, Francesco Piscitelli1,7, Julius Scherzinger1,3, Irina Stefanescu1,8 1European Spallation Source (Lund, Sweden) 2Mid-Sweden University (Sundsvall, Sweden) 3Lund University (Lund, Sweden) 4 Linköping University (Linköping, Sweden) 5 MAX-IV Laboratory (Lund, Sweden) 6 CERN (Geneva, Switzerland) 7 ILL (Grenoble, France) 8 FRM-II Laboratory (Münich, Germany) 9 University of Newcastle (Callaghan, Australia)

The European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden will become the world’s leading neutron source for the study of materials by 2025. First neutrons will be produced in 2019. It will be a long pulse source, with an average beam power of 5 MW delivered to the target station. The ESS is just entering the construction phase, which started in 2013 with the completion of the Technical Design Report (TDR). The instruments are being selected in yearly rounds selected from conceptual proposals submitted by groups from around Europe. These instruments present numerous challenges for detector technology in the absence of the availability of Helium-3, which is the default choice for detectors for instruments built until today and due to the extreme rates expected across the ESS instrument suite. Additionally a new generation of source requires a new generation of detector technologies to fully exploit the opportunities that this source provides. To meet this challenge at a green-field site, the detectors will be sources from partners across Europe through numerous in-kind partners; a process that is somewhat novel for the neutron scattering community.

This contribution presents briefly the current status of detectors for the ESS, and outlines the timeline to completion. For a conjectured full instrument suite, which has been chosen for demonstration purposes for the TDR, and updated based upon chosen instruments and submitted instrument concepts, a recently updated snapshot of the current expected detector requirements is presented. A strategy outline as to how these requirements might be tackled by novel detector developments is shown. In terms of future developments for the neutron community, synergies should be sought with other disciples, as recognized by various recent initiatives in Europe, in the context of the fundamentally multi-disciplinary nature of detectors. This strategy has at its basis the in-kind and collaborative partnerships necessary to be able to produce optimally performant detectors that allow the ESS instruments to be world- leading. This foresees and encourages a high level of collaboration and interdependence at its core, and rather than each group being all-rounders in every technology, the further development of centres of excellence across Europe for particular technologies and niches.

[1] R. Hall-Wilton, I. Stefanescu, S. Kolya et al., Strategy for Detectors for ESS Instruments, in preparation (2014). [2] S. Peggs et al., ESS Technical Design Report, ESS-2013-0001 (2013). [3] ERDIT: www.erdit.eu E-mail of the corresponding author: [email protected]

202 Poster 7. Devices D-P01

Development of a flexible neutron supermirror sheet and its application Masahiro Hino1, Tatsuro Oda2, Masaaki Kitaguchi3, Yuji kawabata1 1Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2Dep. Nucl. Eng., Kyoto University, 3KMI, Nagoya University [email protected] Abstract A multilayer with small d-spacing and supermirror with large-m are desirable to enlarge utilization efficiency for neutron scattering experiments. The reflectivity of multilayer is very sensitive to surface roughness of the substrate and the roughness is should be less than 0.5 nm in case of these high-m supermirror and small d-spacing mirror. It is very difficult for neutron mirror to make aspherical surface and it requires a lot of time and cost. Neutron source is not far from point but has some volume. Thus neutron focusing mirror is still special device. Recently, we have succeeded in fabricating self-supporting high-m neutron supermirror and very small d-spacing multilayer sheets using ion beam sputtering (IBS) technique. The sheet was fabricated by using replica technique as shown in Fig.1. The reflectivity of sheet was almost same with that before peeling, however, it is not easy to control the shape precisely. In this study, we show current development of multilayer at KUR-IBS, in particular, the self-supporting multilayer sheet and the applications.

Fig.1 The photograph of NiC/Ti supermirror on glass (left) and the supermirror sheet was peeling off (right)

203

No7 Devices Poster D-P02 7. Devices

Development of an in-situ SEOP 3He neutron spin filter for magnetic imaging techniques at J-PARC Hirotoshi Hayashida1, Takayuki Oku2, Hiroshi Kira1, Kenji Sakai2, Kosuke Hiroi2, Takenao Shinohara2, Takashi Ino3, Kenji Ohoyama4, Manabu Ohkawara4, Kenichi Oikawa2, Masahide Harada2, Joseph Don Parker1, Yoshihiro Matsumoto1, Shuoyuan Zhang1, Kazuhisa Kakurai5, Jun-ichi Suzuki1, Masatoshi Arai2 1Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society 2J-PARC Center 3High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 4Advanced Institute for Materials Research/Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 5Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA [email protected]

We have developed a 3He neutron spin filter (NSF) using a spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) technique. The 3He NSF provides a high-energy polarized neutron beam with large beam size. Moreover the 3He NSF can work as a π-flipper by flipping the 3He gas polarization using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. For the in-situ SEOP technique, the polarization of the circularly-polarized laser must be reversed simultaneously because a non-reversed laser reduces the polarization of the spin-flipped 3He. To the change the polarity of the laser, a half-wavelength plate was installed. The rotation angle of the half-wavelength plate was optimized, and a polarization reached 70 % and was stable over one week. A demonstration of the 3He nuclear spin flip system has been successfully performed at the polarized neutron reflectometer SHARAKU (BL17) at J-PARC. Next, we applied the SEOP with 3He nuclear spin flip system to a magnetic imaging technique. In the magnetic imaging, a high-energy neutron beam, more than 10 meV, will enable us to visualize strong magnetic fields. A magnetic steel sheet with 0.35 mm thickness was used as a sample, and contrasts resulting from magnetic structures were observed in 2D image of neutron polarization.

204 No.7 Devices Poster D-P03 7. Devices A neutron imaging detector based on the μPIC micro-pixel chamber and its application to magnetic imaging with polarized, pulsed neutrons at J-PARC Joseph Don Parker1, Masahide Harada2, Kaori Hattori3, Masahiro Ikeno4,5, Satoru Iwaki3, Shigeto Kabuki3, Hidetoshi Kubo3,5, Yoshihiro Matsuoka3, Kentaro Miuchi3, Tetsuya Mizumoto3, Hironobu Nishimura3, Takayuki Oku2, Tatsuya Sawano3, Takenao Shinohara2, Jun-ichi Suzuki1, Atsushi Takada3, Manobu Tanaka4,5, Toru Tanimori3, Tomohisa Uchida4,5 1Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 2J-PARC Center, 3Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 4High Energy Research Organization (KEK), 5Open Source Consortium of Instrumentation (OpenIt) [email protected] Abstract The development of high-intensity, pulsed neutron sources, such as at the J-PARC Materials and Life Sciences Facility (MLF), has opened the door to new and powerful imaging techniques by the incorporation of the precision measurement of neutron energy by time-of-flight (TOF) to add new layers of information. To take advantage of these TOF-based techniques and high neutron intensities, we developed a neutron imaging detector based on the micro-pixel chamber (μPIC), a type of micro-pattern gaseous detector, coupled with an all-digital, high-speed data acquisition system. The detector uses 3He for neutron detection and uses the detailed three-dimensional tracks of the reaction products, including energy deposition via the time-over-threshold method, to achieve a good spatial resolution of less than 120 μm (σ) and near perfect background rejection (γ-sensitivity < 10-12). This detector will be installed at the new dedicated neutron imaging beamline (RADEN/BL22) now under construction at the J- PARC/MLF. Here, we present preliminary results obtained with our detector at NOBORU/BL10 of the J-PARC/MLF for magnetic imaging of amorphous iron foils using polarized neutrons provided by a supermirror-based polarization apparatus developed at J-PARC. A complete determination of the magnetic field within the samples allowed us to image differences in the magnetic structure of the foil samples induced by heat treatment. We also discuss recent and future upgrades to the detector for increased ease-of-use and improved spatial resolution and rate performance.

205 No.7. Devices Poster D-P04 7. Devices Research on a metallic-ellipsoidal mirror for focusing neutron beams

Jiang GUO 1, Shin TAKEDA 1, 2, Masahiro HINO 3, Yutaka YAMAGATA 1, Michihiro FURUSAKA 2, Jun-ichi KATO 1, Tatsuro ODA 4 and Shin-ya MORITA 1 1Ultrahigh Precision Optics Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Japan, 2Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan, 3Neutron Optics Group, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Japan, 4Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan [email protected] Abstract There are a number of plans to construct neutron instruments by using focusing mirror with regard to providing high neutron fluxes at sample positions to well perform scattering and diffraction experiments. In this research, we developed an ellipsoidal neutron focusing mirror by using a metal substrate made of electroless nickel-phosphorus (NiP) plated material. Electroless NiP has the advantages of amorphous structure, good machinability and relatively large critical angle of total reflection for neutrons. Compared to mirror made of glass substrate, it is easy to be fabricated and the manufacturing time can be greatly saved. Besides, it has a good mechanical handling property credited to its ductile nature. The mirror is designed for focusing cold neutrons by considering the critical angle of incident beam. To manufacture the mirror, an arc envelope shaper cutting method is proposed to generate the ellipsoidal shape in a high form accuracy by using a ultraprecision machine while a fine polishing process is developed to eliminate cutting marks and improve surface roughness. A mirror in length of 100 mm is successfully fabricated. The form accuracy achieves 5.3 μm P-V and 1 μm P-V in short-axis and long-axis respectively, and the surface roughness is reduced to 0.2 nm rms. Finally, focusing of neutron beam to about 1 mm was verified through experiments at Kyoto University Research Reactor (KUR).

206 Poster 7. Devices D-P05

Development of a 2012 model for the 6Li time analyzer (LiTA12) detector system

Setsuo Satoh1 1KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan [email protected]

Abstract Neutron scattering experiments are indispensable for the structural analysis of substances. Large-scale experimental facilities, like the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), are constructed all over the world. However, there are not enough detectors that detect neutrons well because a neutron is difficult to detect directly. A 3He gas detector [1], which is most often used, is the most ideal detector for neutrons; however, it has a low counting rate and low position resolution. A neutron detector system which uses a neutron scintillator is one of the solutions. A 2012 model for the 6Li time analyzer (LiTA12) system [2] is developed for overcom- ing the weaknesses of the 3He detector. The LiTA12 system is a two-dimensional (2-D) detector system that has a high count rate and a comparatively high position resolution. Furthermore, the LiTA12 system attains a high counting rate of 50 million counts per second (2 million counts per second per square centimeter) as of April, 2014, a position resolution of 3 mm, and a detection area of 5 cm × 5 cm. The detection efficiency of the system is approximately 40% compared to that of a 3He detector. The LiTA12 system is expected to be used in J-PARC direct neutron beam experiments, such as small-angle scattering experiments.

References [1] S. Satoh, S Muto, N Kaneko, T Uchida, M Tanaka, Y Yasu, et al. Development of a readout system employing high-speed network for J-PARC. Nucl Instrum Meth- ods Phys Res A 2009;600:103–6, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0168900208016720. [2] S. Satoh, Development of a 2012 model for the 6Li time analyzer detector system, during a contribution to International Symposium on Union of Compact Accel- erator-Driven Neutron Sources (UCANS) III & IV.

207 Poster D-P06 7. Devices

Development of Various Shielding Devices to Suppress Background in J-PARC

Wataru Kambara1, Kazuhiro Aoyama1, Yasuhiro Yamauchi1, Takaaki Iwahashi1, Shino Ono1, Ryoichi Kajimoto1, Mitsutaka Nakamura1, Kaoru Shibata1, Kenji Nakajima1, Seiko Ohira-Kawamura1, Kazuya Aizawa1, Masaki Sawabe2, Keiichi Inoue2, Takeshi Harada2 1Materials & Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, 2Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd. [email protected]

Abstract In carrying out neutron scattering experiment, it is important to improve signal to noise ratio on the instrument. Even if the neutron flux becomes strong, we cannot improve the statistics of the experimental data without any reduction of the unnec- essary background scattering. Thus, we have designed and produced various kinds of devices that reduce the transmission and scattering of the unwanted neutrons. For example, very thin vane in the scattering chamber made by a mixture of boron carbide powder and epoxy resin (B4C-resin), direct beam catcher (see Fig.1), thermal radiation shield of aluminum with cadmium plating, and so on. These shielding devices have been installed in the surrounding of the instrument components, such as the sample, the scattering chamber, the neutron guide tube, as a measure to reduce the background. In the presentation, we will show some examples of shielding devices, how we developed them, and how we made them.

Fig.1: Direct beam catcher consisting of B4C- resin, sintered B4C plates, and cadmium plates.

208 Poster 7. Devices D-P07

The estimation of the crystallinity on the silicon wafer surface which was coating Gd thin film on the backside, by the double crystal X-ray diffraction method.

Kaoru Shibata 1, Koji Kiriyama2, *, Takaya Mitsui2 and Nobuaki Takahashi1,* * 1 Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, JAEA, 2Synchrotron Radiation Research Unit, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA

[email protected]

Abstract The Si crystal analyzer near backscattering TOF spectrometer DNA built in the spallation neutron source of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). DNA is the first TOF type Si crystal analyzer backscattering spectrometer with pulse shaping chopper installed at a spallation pulsed neutron source. In order to achieve a low background, we developed new crystal analyzer which was coating Gd thin film by the thermal spray method as a neutron absorber, on the backside of Si111 wafer and used it for the crystal analyzer on DNA spectrometer. We measured the crystallinity of Si wafer surface with and without coating Gd thin film on backside respectively, by the precise double crystal X-rays diffractmeter [1]. Based on measured crystallinity of Si wafer surface, we estimated the contribution of the mosaic degree of crystal analyzer for the energy resolution of DNA spectrometer, and discussed the effect of thermal sprayed Gd thin film coating on backside of Si111 wafer.

Reference: [1] Koji KIRIYAMA, Takaya MITSUI and Yoshihiro FUKUDA, JAEA-Technology 2009-035.

Present address: * Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai **Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University

209 Memo Session 8

Sample Environments

8-1 Sample Environments #1 8-2 Sample Environments #2

Yellow leaves in the site of Mito castle No.8 Sample Environments Oral SE-01 8-1 Sample Environments #1

Pulsed High Magnetic Fields for Pulsed Neutron Sources -Recent Progress and Applications- Yasuo Narumi1, Hiroyuki Nojiri1, Takumi Kihara1, Kenji Nakajima2 1Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2Neutron Science Section, J-PARC Center [email protected] Abstract A pulsed magnetic field technique is a unique method to reach high magnetic fields beyond a technological limitation of steady high magnetic field. Fusion of both pulsed natures of magnetic field and spallation neutron source gives us high magnetic fields and intense neutron beams simultaneously. We develop neutron diffraction apparatuses in conjunction with pulse magnets in order to investigate magnetic structures of magnetic materials in high magnetic fields. The combination of time-dependent pulsed high magnetic fields and white neutron beams from the pulsed neutron source enable us to scan many different reciprocal lattice points in various magnetic fields by means of Time-of-flight method and Position-sensitive detector. We develop two types of pulse magnets. A simple solenoid magnet, which produces horizontal magnetic field nearly parallel to the neutron beam direction, can cover magnetic fields up to 40 T. The 40 T magnet system has been already in operation at BL10 of MLF/J-PARC. A compact 30 T solenoid magnet has been also developed. Because it is small and portable, the 30 T compact system has been utilized in foreign pulsed neutron facilities, SNS and ISIS as well as J-PARC. Now we construct a new 40 T solenoid equipped with wide opening angles and a capacitor bank generator for the magnet, which will be installed in ISIS. The other magnet is a split-pair type, which produces vertical magnetic fields and has wide horizontal windows for incoming and outgoing neutron beams. Because the split-pair type has a top-loading mechanism, a 3He cryostat can be combined in order to cool temperatures below 1 K. Examinations of prototypes of split-pair magnets have been completed and the split-pair will be applied to quantum antifferomagnets. In this talk, we will present recent progress of pulsed high magnetic field system for pulsed neutron sources and its applications to magnetic materials such as multiferroic system.

212 Oral 8-1 Sample Environments #1 SE-02

Impact of the cryogen free revolution on operation of ISIS facility.

Oleg Kirichek, Richard Down, Zoe Bowden ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Ruth- erford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK

[email protected]

Abstract A global shortage of helium gas can seriously jeopardise the scientific programmes of neutron scattering facilities due to the use of cryogenic sample environment in the majority of the neutron scattering experiments. Recently developed cryogen-free technology allows a significant reduction or even a complete elimination of liquid helium consumption. Here we review the impact of the cryogen-free revolution on cryogenic equipment used at ISIS facility, including cryostats, dilution refrigerators, superconducting magnets and other cryogenic systems. Particular attention is given to the newly developed cryogen free top-loading cryostat (ISISstat) developed by the ISIS facility in collaboration with Oxford Instruments. The cryostat provides neutron scattering sample environment in temperature range 1.4 – 300 K. High cooling power (0.23 W @ 1.9 K) achieved at the cryostat’s variable temperature insert heat exchanger allows operating of a standard dilution refrigerator insert in continues regime. From a user perspective, the system offers operating parameters very similar to those of an Orange cryostat but without the complication of cryogens. Use of the cryogen-free approach allows researcher to run high intensity user program in more reliable, safe and cost effective way, opening up new opportunities in neutron scattering research.

213 No.8 Sample Environment (SE) Oral SE-03 8-1 Sample Environments #1

Neutron Scattering in Very High Magnetic Fields The New Hybrid Magnet at Helmholtz Centre Berlin Peter Smeibidl1, Mark Bird2, Hartmut Ehmler1, Oleksandr Prokhnenko1, Bella Lake1 1Helmholtz Centre Berlin (HZB), Germany, 2National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Tallahassee, USA [email protected] Abstract At HZB a dedicated facility for neutron scattering at extreme magnetic fields and low temperatures is close to completion, the new High Field Magnet (HFM) on the Extreme Environment Diffractometer (EXED). The aim is the construction of a multi purpose instrument which offers diffraction experiments as well as small angle neutron scattering and inelastic scattering. It is projected according to the special geometric constraints of analysing samples in a high field magnet. To open up higher fields to neutron research requires a reinvented approach with completely different magnet technology. Following our past experience only steady state fields are adequate to achieve the goals of the project. In particular inelastic scattering studies, which proved in the past to be most rewarding, would virtually be excluded when using pulsed magnets. The new hybrid magnet, a 'first of its kind system' with horizontal field orientation, designed and constructed in collaboration with NHMFL, will not only allow for novel experiments, it will be at the forefront of development in magnet technology itself. With a set consisting of a superconducting cable-in-conduit coil and different resistive coils of conical shape at both ends of the system, maximum fields between 25 T - 31 T will be possible with cooling power between 4 MW - 8 MW for the resistive part. The construction activities of the building for the three big components of technical infrastructure needed for magnet operation, the 20 kA power supply, water cooling for resistive coil and 4 K Helium refrigerator for cooling of the superconducting coil are complete. For the first project phase we are planning a 3He cryostat for sample cooling. The completion of system assembly and commissioning at HZB are planned for the second half of 2014.

214 Oral 8-1 Sample Environments #1 SE-04

10kbar Hydrogen Intensifier System

C.M. Goodway1, O. Kirichek1, M. Kibble1, L. Whitelegg1, C. Chapman1, Z. Bowden1

1ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, UK

Hydrogen is seen as a clean and potentially plentiful energy source. The search for compounds that are capable of storing enough hydrogen and materials which could be used in efficient fuel cells is now an international priority. Neutron scattering is particularly suited for this purpose due to high sensitivity to hydrogen atoms. This vital tool is able to probe materials potentially promising for hydrogen technology under the extreme conditions such as high temperatures and high pressure. However these require specialised sophisticated high pressure gas handling systems and intensifiers. We are going to present the design, assembly and preliminary test results of 10 kbar hydrogen intensifier, which is being assembled and tested at ISIS by the pressure and furnace section. Due to the financial restraints ISIS sample environment group has decided to design and assemble the Intensifier in-house from components supplied by commercial companies.The assembly is complete and testing of the intensifier is in progress, initial problems have been encountered and a lot has been learned during this process about hydrogen embrittlement and material heat treatment procedures. Initial tests of the modifications to material hardness have proven to be successful and completion of the modifications is in progress ready for the final commissioning.

215 Oral SE-05 8-2 Sample Environments #2

Cryogenic Loading Devices for Materials Science & Engineering Studies at J-PARC

Stefanus Harjo1, Kazuya Aizawa1, Takuro Kawasaki1 Tatsushi Nakamoto2, Tsutomu Hemmi3, Takaaki Iwahashi1 1J-PARC Center, JAEA, 2Cryogenics Science Center, KEK, 3Fusion Res. Dev. Direc- torate, JAEA [email protected]

Abstract To promote scientific and industrial studies in various areas such as materials science and engineering and mechanical engineering, the Engineering Materials Diffractometer “TAKUMI” has been built at BL19 in MLF, J-PARC and is now under operation. Materials science & engineering studies require residual stress measurements, in situ measurements of stresses, phase transformations, textures, defects including dislocation properties during various conditions (temperatures, uniaxial loading, electrical filed, combination of temperature and uniaxial loading, etc.), and therefore require various kinds of sample environmental (SE) devices. TAKUMI has developed two unique SE devices works with functions of low temperature, load and strain: a 100 K cooling system for loading experiment and a cryogenic loading machine. The 100 K cooling system for loading experiment is a compact vacuum chamber equipped with loading specimen jigs, and can be added to the standard loading machine of TAKUMI. The specimen jigs can be set in a temperature range of 77 K to 473 K by controlling liquid nitrogen flow and heater power. Industrial superconducting materials society, however, required a loading machine working at superconducting temperature such below 10 K, and the cryogenic loading machine was the answer. This machine was designed to cool down sample area together with the loading rig, and a 4 K GM refrigerator was chosen as the core of cooling system. This machine can be used for tensile test at temperatures down to about 6 K with load values up to 50 kN.

216 No. 8 Sample Environments Oral 8-2 Sample Environments #2 SE-06

Concepts for Sample Manipulation & Automation using Robotics at ISIS

Matt North1, Oleg Kiricheck2, Saurabh Kabra3

Electrical & Electronic User Support Group, STFC, ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK

[email protected]

Abstract This paper offers a conceptual outline for the application of industrial robots for sample manipulation and automation at the ISIS Neutron & Muon source. ISIS, located at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK is a spallation neutron & muon source operating two targets stations, 33 beamline instruments with over 1800 international users. Applications where the use of robotics provides an advantage over existing sample manipulation and automation techniques are highlighted and the challenges surrounding the integrating of robotics in these areas discussed. Focussing on from this discussion an assessment on the suitability of a range of robot technologies including open source through to commercial offerings is explored. An overview of two future projects; sample manipulation and automation for the ISIS General Material Diffractometer (GEM) instrument and sample automation for top loading closed cycle refrigerators is provided.

217 Oral SE-07 8-2 Sample Environments #2

High-Pressure and High-Temperature Neutron Experiments using 6-axis Multi-Anvil Press, ATSUHIME

A. Sano-Furukawa1,2, T. Hattori1, T. Nagai3, Y. Katayama2, A. Machida2, H. Saito2, K. Aoki3, J. Abe4, S. Machida4, K. Funakoshi4 1J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency 3Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 4Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS) sano.asami @jaea.go.jp

Neutron experiments under high-pressure and high-temperature (high-PT) condition have been limited so far, due to the difficulty in generating the PT-condition with keeping sample volume sufficient for neutron experiments. The experiments at such extreme condition are important especially in geophysics since the neutron can reveal states of water and hydrogen in the deep Earth. To realize high-PT neutron experiments, we developed a six-axis multi-anvil press (ATSUHIME[1]) and the beamline dedicated for the press (PLANET[2]). ATUSHIME has six hydraulic rams with a maximum load of 5000 kN per each. The six anvils are synchronized within the precision of 2 mm and compress the cubic sample isotropically. The press can generate high-PT condition of 10 GPa and 2000 K with the sample volume of 20 mm3 volume, and 15 GPa and 1400 K with that of 5 mm3. PLANET is the high-pressure beamline constructed at the eleventh port of MLF, J-PARC. To obtain a clear diffraction pattern from a compressed sample surrounded by a heater and pressure-transmitting medium, the beamline is equipped with fine incident collimator and radial collimators. These collimation devices enable us to selectively obtain the diffraction in the region of 3 mm cube in the high-pressure assembly. The beamline has been operated since 2013. Recent results taken in the PLANET will be presented in the talk. [1] Sano-Furukawa et al.,(in preparation), [2] Arima et al., J. Phys: Conf. Ser. 215 (2010) 012025, T. Hattori et al., MLF Annual Report 2012 pp.96-97 (2012).

218 Poster 8. Sample Environments SE-P01

Recent Progress in Sample Environment at CSNS

Haitao Hu1, Shaoying Zhang2, Jian Zhuang1, Jiajie Li1, Yali Liu1, Jun Xu1, Lijiang Liao1 1Dongguan Branch, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, 2Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China [email protected]

Abstract The design of low/high temperature sample environment in Phase-I of Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) project has been completed, which consists of a closed cycle cryostat(10K~350K), a closed cycle cryofurnace(4.2K~800K), a liquid helium cryostat(1.5K~300K) and a furnace(~2000K). The details of mechanical system, control system, and interface with the utility system are presented. Control software, interfaces and integrated test of Lakeshore temperature controller and Pfeiffer molecular pump have been completed. Design and machining on a portable high-pressure cell for neutron scattering have been completed. The preliminary design of helium recovery and liquefaction system for CSNS sample environment is introduced.

219 Poster SE-P02 8. Sample Environments

Light irradiation experiments at J-PARC - installation and demonstration

Yoshifumi Sakaguchi1, Koji Munakata1, Motoyuki Ishikado1, Yasuhiro Yamauchi2, Wataru Kambara2, Seiko Ohira-Kawamura2, Yukinobu Kawakita2, Tetsuya Yokoo3, Tomokazu Aso1 and Kazuya Aizawa1 2Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS) 1J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) 3Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organi- zation (KEK) [email protected]

Study on photo-induced changes for light-sensitive materials is fascinating from both academic and application points of view because it is one of the frontiers in materials science including concepts of electron-excitation and non-equilibrium state, and the materials can spatially be controlled by illuminated area from distant place. Sometimes, a structure itself changes involving a whole system (photo-induced structural change, photo-induced phase transition), or sometimes, a reaction occurs involving two adjacent layers through the interface (photo-reaction). A direct investigation on the structure is interesting and X-ray or neutron scattering/reflectivity technique is powerful tool for the investigation. Among the probes, neutrons are useful for materials, which contain light elements such as H and Li, or X-ray sensitive materials. Therefore, there are potential users to require such light source apparatus and related control system in a neutron experimental facility. In this presentation, we report our recent status of the installation of the light source and demonstrate how it is used for transient neutron reflectivity measurement under light illumination. We realized a remote-operation system for the shutter control of the light source. With the help of the sophisticated event-data recording system and the data reduction system in the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility, J-PARC, we could obtain time-dependent neutron reflectivities with 30 seconds time-resolution to observe silver photo-diffusion in Ag/Ge-S films [1].

[1] Y. Sakaguchi, et al. Can. J. Phys., published on the web 15 January 2014, 10.1139/cjp-2013-0593.

220 Poster 8. Sample Environments SE-P03

Present status of sample environment at J-PARC MLF

Tomokazu Aso1, Yasuhiro Yamauchi1, Yoshifumi Sakaguchi2, Koji Munakata2, Mo- toyuki Ishikado2, Seiko Ohira-Kawamura1, Tetsuya Yokoo3, Shinichi Takata1, Takanori Hattori1, Wataru Kambara1, Takayuki Oku1, Yukinobu Kawakita1 and Kazuya Aizawa1 1J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS) 3Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organi- zation [email protected]

Abstract After recovery from interruption of operation due to the Hadron accident in 2013, the accelerator is at the next stage where the proton beam power is about to increase in J-PARC. The number and variety of user program has also increased in the Material and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF). Then preparation of various sample environment (SE) is important issue. With establishment of Technology Development Section in MLF, in April 2013. The SE group has been officially organized in this section on behalf of the previous SE team. We are working on operation of so-called beam-line (BL)-common SE equipment and development of the SE devices as well as the previous SE team. We have already prepared a vertical-field superconducting magnet, a dilution refrigerator insert, a furnace with Nb heater and 2K cryostat as the BL-common SE equipment. In this fiscal year, a bottom-loading type 3He cryostat will be introduced. Moreover, we have just started developing high pressure system by collaborating with High Pressure Group in MLF, to comply with users’ requests. Although we carry out maintenance of the SE equipment and its preparation at the SE area in the experimental hall, its space is not enough. We plan to prepare more working area for the SE equipment, whose number gradually increases, and sample preparation and characterization rooms for users in the new building, which is under construction.

221 Poster No.SE-P048 Sample Environments 8. Sample Environments

In-situ Scattering Experiment under High Pressure Hydrogen Gas by High-Intensity Total Diffractometer, NOVA Kazutaka Ikeda1, Toshiya Otomo1, 2, Kentaro Suzuya3, Hidetoshi Ohshita1, Naokatsu Kaneko1, Tomohiro Seya1, Fumika Fujisaki2 1Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 2Department Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 3J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency [email protected] Abstract A high-intensity neutron total diffractometer, NOVA, at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) realizes new opportunity to explore structures of hydrogen storage materials. Crystalline structure as well as amorphous and liquid

structure was investigated by NOVA for AlD3, LaDx and LiAl(ND2)4. Also, time-transient measurement during hydrogen absorption and desorption process under hydrogen/deuterium gas atmosphere (max 10 MPa) is feasible on NOVA, using a tight cell made from single crystal sapphire. The diffraction profiles of powder samples in the tight cell are obtained by removing the Bragg peaks of the single crystal sapphire. Absorption was carried out by submitting Pd powder to a deuterium pressure of 2 MPa at 393 K and letting it absorb with its own kinetics in quasi-equilibrium conditions. The time-divided neutron diffraction profiles during the deuterium absorption reaction

revealed that the phase continuously transforms from metal Pd through α-PdDx to

β-PdD~0.7 in a few seconds. This work was partially supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) under “Advanced Fundamental Research Project on Hydrogen Storage Materials (HydroStar)” and “Feasibility Study on Advanced Hydrogen Storage Materials for Automotive Applications (2012)”, JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 23686101, 24241034, and the Neutron Scattering Program Advisory Committee of IMSS, KEK (Proposal Numbers 2009S06, 2014S06).

222 Session 9

Shielding

Cosmoses garden in Hitachi seaside park Oral S-01 9 Shielding

PHITS code and its application to the JSNS shielding

Koji Niita Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan [email protected]

Abstract The general purpose Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) is being developed through a collaboration of several institutes in Japan and Europe, and widely used in various research and development fields, such as nuclear technology, accelerator design, medical physics, and cosmic-ray research. Particularly for the shielding design of neutron scattering instruments at a 1-MW spallation neutron source facility (JSNS) in J-PARC, the PHITS code has been extensively used so far. In order to optimize the shielding design and estimate the dose correctly, we have improved the reaction models in the code and introduced some special functions to simulate the optical and mechanical devices (supper mirror, T0 chopper), and to reduce the statistical errors of transport particles in the long beam lines (duct source). We present the recent developments of the PHITS code and show the simulation results of the shielding design of JSNS compared with the measurement data.

224 No.9 Shielding (Workshop), Simulation, OralMCNPX 9 Shielding S-02

Shielding design of Mo-99 production facility M. Mocko1, Ch. T. Kelsey1, G. E. Dale2 1LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 2AOT-HPE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 [email protected] Abstract The metastable state of Tc-99 (Tc-99m), is the most commonly used radioisotope in nuclear medicine. The relatively short half-life of only 6 hours and decay gamma energy of 140.5 keV predetermine this isomeric state as a very good radiopharmaceutical. On the other hand the short half-life poses huge challenges in production and distribution. Tc-99m is a daughter product of a longer-lived radioisotope of Mo-99 with half-life of 66 hours. Hence, the problem of production and distribution of Tc-99m is reduced to the one of Mo-99. Currently, the commercially produced Mo-99 is extracted from fission products of U-235, using High Enriched Uranium (HEU) targets. The proliferation (HEU use) and waste generation (fission products) concerns prompt investigations in alternative production pathways. To address these issues our laboratory is part of the National Nuclear Security Administration Global Threat Reduction Initiative's program to accelerate the establishment of a reliable domestic supply of Mo-99 without the use of HEU. As part of this program, we are working with NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes, LLC on a facility design utilizing photonuclear production of Mo-99 via Mo-100(γ,n)Mo-99 nuclear reaction. The goal of our design is to minimize waste generation (eliminating the fission products), maximizing and streamlining the Mo-99 processing (by using high-purity Mo-100 targets), and excluding the proliferation issues (not using HEU). The envisioned production facility will consist of an electron accelerator farm (pairs of linear accelerators). In our talk we will focus on the unique challenges in designing the shielding configuration housing 16 compact electron accelerators set in operational pairs.

225 Oral S-03 9 Shielding

Shielding designe at SNS

Franz Gallmeier ORNL

226 No.9 Shielding Oral 9 Shielding S-04

Development of helium vessel in CSNS Li Lin1, Wei He1, Haibiao Zheng1, Tianjiao Liang2, Jianfei Tong1 1Neutron sciences section, Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS 2Institute of Physics, CAS [email protected] Abstract Helium vessel is one of important equipments in target station of CSNS, which maintains an inert environment around the moderators, provides credited confinement functions, and provides access ports for the proton beam, 20 neutron beams and the target. Helium vessel components should be designed to last more than 40 full power years. Water cooling has been arranged in sections of helium vessel to remove the heat deposited by a 500kW beam. This paper describes the thermal analysis and thermal-solid coupling analysis which is performed to optimize structural design.

227 Oral S-05 9 Shielding

Shielding design of RIKEN Accelerator-driven Neutron Source (RANS)

S. Wang1, 5, Y. Otake1, A. Taketani1, H. Ota1, M. Yamada1, Q. Jia1, 5, Y. Yamagata1, J. Kato1, Y. Kiyanagi2, K. Hirota2, M. Furusaka3 and Y. Iwashita4 1RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Japan 2Nagoya University, Japan 3Fuculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan 4Kyoto University, Japan 5Xi’an Jiaotong University, China

[email protected]

For the purposes of industrial radiography applications, as well as performing research with neutrons and developing new neutron instrumentation and technology, a compact neutron source facility RANS based on proton accelerator of 7.0 MeV was constructed in RIKEN. Radiation shielding design is one of the most important issues for RANS. The radiation in operating area can be categorized into four sources, i.e., target station, neutron tube, proton tube and iron bellow pipe. For the radiation from target station, multi layer boric acid resin with lead to shield neutron and photon was arranged around the target/moderator/reflector assembly. With this method, the radiation from RANS target was not only shielded well, but also 43% lead can be saved by comparing with single-layer shielding design. To shield the backward neutron in proton tube effectively, a Chikuwa shape Mo block was designed. The position and dimension of the Mo block were optimized by Monte Carlo code PHITS. Polyethylene block was put inside the RANS collimator and neutron tube, and an assembly of polyethylene block, boron carbide rubber and lead was put outside of neutron tube and camera box. A certain percent of protons hit the iron bellow pipe in accelerator side, which emits neutron radiation to environment. To solve this problem, a thin coating of aluminium inside the iron pipe was designed reduce the proton energy and the borated polyethylene blocks was put outside of the pipe to absorb the neutron. By taking the above measures, the radiation of RANS in operating area is reduced drastically.

228 Oral 9 Shielding S-06 No.9 Shielding High-energy backgrounds at pulsed neutron sources

Nataliia Cherkashyna1, Douglas D. DiJulio1, Anton Khaplanov1, Dorothea Pfeiffer1,2, Julius Scherzinger1,3, Carsten Cooper-Jensen1,4, Kevin G. Fissum1,3, Erik B. Iverson5, Georg Ehlers6, Franz X. Gallmeier6, Tobias Panzner7, Emmanouela Rantsiou7, Kalliopi 1 7 1,8 1,4 Kanaki , Uwe Filges , Richard J. Hall-Wilton , Phillip M. Bentley

1European Spallation Source ESS AB, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden 2CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 3 Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden 4 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden 5 Instrument and Source Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN-37831, USA 6 Quantum Condensed Matter Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge TN-37831, USA 7Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland 8Mid-Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden

[email protected]

Abstract Instrument backgrounds at neutron scattering facilities directly affect the quality and the efficiency of the scientific measurements that users perform. Part of the background at pulsed spallation neutron sources is caused by, and time-correlated with, the emission of high energy particles when the proton beam strikes the spallation target. This prompt pulse ultimately produces a signal, which can be highly problematic for a subset of instruments and measurements due to the time-correlated properties, and different to that from reactor sources. We present initial results of a spectroscopic study of the energetic phenomena that lead to this prompt pulse background, performed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, and the SINQ facility at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland.

Measurements were carried out at the SNS with a number of different detectors, differently sensitive to fast, epithermal and thermal neutrons and gammas, at a variety of positions throughout the experimental hall. The neutron measurements, in particular, reveal locations with a substantial flux of thermal and fast neutrons. It is possible to identify a number of geometrical features and regions where existing shielding concepts could be improved in the near future.

Similar measurements using neutron detectors were performed at SINQ at positions along the outer wall of the shielding monolith structure, which surrounds the spallation target. In this work, we present a summary of these measurements and their implications with respect to the shielding for future spallation neutron sources. The background levels were generally found to be low. Given that instrument performance is typically characterised by S/N, improvements in backgrounds can both improve instrument performance whilst at the same time delivering significant cost savings; suggestions on how to do this are given.

229 No.9 Shielding Oral S-07 9 Shielding

How much carbon in steel is really needed? Günter Muhrer1, Riccardo Bevilacqua1, Eric Pitcher1 1European Spallation Source, ESS-AB, Lund, Sweden [email protected] Abstract Within the spallation physics community there is a long standing understanding that in order to make iron more efficient as a radiological shielding material one should add carbon to counter the effect from negative resonances in the iron cross-section, often referred to as windows, like the one at 25 KeV. The commonly understood tribal knowledge is:”The more carbon, the better!”. However this requirement is in conflict with making shielding as cheap as possible, since usually steel with a higher carbon concentration is usually more expensive and has other practical disadvantages. As the European Spallation Source enters the construction phase the later concerns become very important, with significant cost saving potential. In this paper we will use the design of the accelerator beam dump as a test case to answer the question:”How much carbon in steel is really needed?”

230 Poster S-P01 Session: Poster, Discussion item: Shielding9. Shielding

A study of the neutron backgrounds at SINQ

Douglas D. DiJulio1, Nataliia Cherkashyna1, Uwe Filges2, Tobias Panzner2, Emmanouela Rantsiou2, Phillip M. Bentley1,3

1European Spallation Source ESS AB, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden 2Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden

[email protected]

Abstract

A significant part of the potential neutron instrument background at spallation sources is related to the emission of high energy particles from the accelerator and target-moderator assembly. The resulting background can significantly affect the quality of the scientific data collected by the neutron instruments.

We have therefore performed a study of the high energy neutron background at the spallation neutron source facility SINQ, PSI, Villingen, Switzerland. Neutrons are produced at SINQ with a 590 MeV proton beam and a spallation target consisting of Pb rods in zircaloy tubes and surrounded by a D2O moderator and a layer of H2O. The target and moderator assembly is surrounded by a shielding structure, containing steel and concrete, which is 14 meters in height and ~12 in diameter.

Measurements were carried out at various positions along the outer wall of the shielding, inside and outside the BOA instrument cave and throughout the experimental hall, to determine the fast neutron flux that penetrates through the target shielding. These were performed with the extended-range neutron dosimeter WENDI-2, which is reliably sensitive to neutrons with energies exceeding a few GeV. The neutron flux obtained from the measurements is compared with typical instrument background levels.

231 Memo Session 10

Data Acquisition and Analysis

10-1 Data Acquisition and Analysis #1 10-2 Data Acquisition and Analysis #2

Kairakuen park in Mito city Oral DAA-01 10-1 Data Acquisition and Analysis

Data Acquisition for the Spallation Neutron Source

Steven M. Hartman1 1Research Accelerator Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [email protected]

Abstract The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is in the process of a complete redesign and re-implementation of its data acquisition and instrument control systems. The redesign addresses issues with the reliability, main- tainability and performance of the original system that went into production in 2007. The scope of these upgrades includes data processing and data movement software, experiment control and automation software, user interface software, data acquisition software, and data acquisition hardware and custom electronics. The data movement software effort is aimed at streamlining the process of moving data from the acquisition system to the reduction/analysis systems. The experiment control software effort is a complete reimplementation based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) toolkit using Control System Studio (CS-Stu- dio) for user interfaces and experiment automation. The data acquisition software development effort is a complete re-write of this software, migrating from Windows to Linux and providing tight integration with the new EPICS-based runtime control system. The custom hardware effort includes the development of an improved fan- out module, a new timing receiver, and a new computer interface board. Additional effort is still required to address the front-end electronics and a critical need to re-engineer the board-to-board interconnection links. This presentation will review the current status of these upgrade projects, plans for deployment to the SNS beam lines and long term plans for data acquisition at the SNS.

234 Oral 10-1 Data Acquisition and Analysis DAA-02

Developments in data acquisition, reduction and analysis at the SNS

Garrett E. Granroth SNS

235 No.10 Data Acquisition and Analysis Oral DAA-03 10-1 Data Acquisition and Analysis

Architecture of Data Analysis and Management Software at CSNS Junrong Zhang1, Haolai Tian1, Ming Tang1, Lili Yan1, Ming Li1, Jiaheng Zhou1, Fazhi Qi1, Fangwei Wang2 1Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [email protected]

Abstract The software architecture of data analysis for the beam lines at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is described, and recent progress and future plans of software development are given too.

The online and offline data processing are implemented in the interface-oriented big data framework (SNIPER), which will be deployed on both local sites and central portal running Scientific Linux. A series of interfaces to experiment control system (EPICS), our data acquisition system, and data archiving file system (CEPH) are under development. The unified software packages through all the CSNS beam lines will be applied for data transfer, reconstruction, log, visualization, etc. The data reduction for a variety of neutron instruments uses the possible existing projects (such as Mantid, Manyo-lib, etc.) under cooperation protocol. The database system, based on open source metadata management system (ICAT), is developed for the CSNS user program, including authentication and authorization, proposal, sample safety, publication, experiment, etc. The growing complexity of data modeling, scientific simulation and virtual neutron experiment, favors using the virtual computing technology on high-performance computing (HPC).

236 Oral 10-1 Data Acquisition and Analysis DAA-04

Data acquisition and device control software framework in MLF, J-PARC

Takeshi Nakatani1, Yasuhiro Inamura2, Takayoshi Ito3, Toshiya Otomo4 1Technology development section, J-PARC Center, 2Neutron science section, J-PARC Center, 3CROSS-Tokai, 4IMSS KEK [email protected]

Abstract We have developed the common software framework unified data acquisition and device control [1] at the beginning of the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). The software framework called “IROHA” is introduced and used in several instruments at MLF from 2008. Several improvement points as follows were suggested to IROHA for five years. ・ Separation of device control and instrument management ✓ device control: operation, monitor and logging of devices ✓ instrument management: logging of measurement, authorization and certi- fication ・ Interface of experimental database for measurement information ・ Platform-independent user interface In this presentation, we will show the details of the prototype of the new software framework “IROHA2”.

References [1] T. Nakatani, Y. Inamura, T. Ito, S. Harjo, R. Kajimoto, M. Arai, T. Ohhara, H. Nakagawa, T. Aoyagi, T. Otomo, J. Suzuki, T. Morishima, S. Muto, R. Kadono, S. To- rii, Y. Yasu, T. Hosoya, and M. Yonemura, Proceedings of ICALEPCS2009 673-675.

237 Oral DAA-05 10-2 Data Acquisition and Analysis No.10 Data Acquisition and Analysis Hardware Aspects, Modularity and Integration of an Event Mode Data Acquisition and Instrument Control for the European Spallation Source ESS AB Thomas Gahl1, Mark Hagen1, Richard Hall-Wilton1,2, Scott Kolya1, Mark Koennecke3, Miha Rescic1, Thomas H. Rod1, Iain Sutton1, Garry Trahern1, Oliver Kirstein1,4 1European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden, 2Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden, 3Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland, 4University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia [email protected] Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden is just entering the construction phase with 3 neutron instruments starting in its design concept phase in 2014. As a collaboration of 17 European countries the majority of hardware devices for neutron instrumentation will be provided in-kind. This presents numerous technical and organizational challenges for the construction and the integration of the instruments into the facility wide infrastructure; notably the EPICS control network with standardized hardware interfaces and the facilities absolute timing system. Additionally the new generation of pulsed source requires a new complexity and flexibility of instrumentation to fully exploit its opportunities. In this contribution we present a strategy for the modularity of the instrument hardware with well-defined standardized functionality and control & data interfaces integrating into EPICS and the facilities timing system. It allows for in-kind contribution of dedicated modules for each instrument (horizontal approach) as well as of whole instruments (vertical approach). Key point of the strategy is the time stamping of all readings from the instruments control electronics extending the event mode data acquisition from neutron events to all metadata. This gives the control software the flexibility necessary to adapt the functionality of the instruments to the demands of each single experiment. We present the advantages of that approach for operation and diagnostics and discuss additional hardware requirements necessary. [1] Mark Koennecke, Data Acquisition System Design for ESS, Villigen (2012) [2] Thomas H. Rod et al., Instrument Control at ESS: Analysis and Strategy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen (2012) [3] Scott Kolya, Detector Electronics at ESS, Lund (2013) [4] S.Peggs et al., ESS Technical Design Report, ESS-2013-0001 (2013)

238 Oral 10-2 Data Acquisition and Analysis DAA-06

Maximising the scientific impact of large scale facilities using software development and scientific computing.

J. Taylor1# T. Perring1, S. Campbell3 M.Reuter3, P. Petterson3, M. Doecet3 J. Zikovsky3, A. Savici3, V.Lynch3, S. Ren3, A.Markvardsen1, KPalmen1, R. Fowler1, T. Griffin1,A.Buts1, N. Draper2, M. Gigg2, R. Tolchenov2, R. Taylor2, R. Ferraz Leal4 E. Fahri4 O. Arnold2

1 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, UK 2 Tessella plc, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK 3 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA 4. Institute Laue-Langevin Grenoble, France # Corresponding author E-mail [email protected]

The use of large scale facilities by researchers in the field of condensed matter, soft matter and the life sciences is becoming ever more prevalent in the modern research landscape. Facilities such as SNS and HiFNR at ORNL and ISIS at RAL have ever increasing user demand and produce ever increasing volumes of data. One of the single most important barriers between experiment and publication is the complex and time consuming effort that individual researchers apply to data reduction and analysis.

The objective of the Manipulation and Analysis Toolkit for Instrument Data or MAN- TID framework [1] is to bridge this gap with a common interface for data reduction and analysis that is seamless between the user experience at the time of the experiment and at their home institute when performing the final analysis and fitting of the data.

The MANTID project is a large international collaboration between STFC (UK) and DOE to develop a high performance framework for analysis of: powder and single crystal neutron diffraction data, inelastic and quasi inelastic neutron scattering data, polarised neutron diffraction, neutron relectometery data and small angle neutron scattering data.

The framework consists of a highly modular C++/Python architecture which sup- ports user built plugin functions as well as access to powerful visualisation toolkits such as ParaView. This modular design allows users to easily extend the capability of the framework to almost any application. The framework is provided under the GNU open source licence and is built for all communally used operating systems. This talk will address the following: • The current status of the development, current usage and future plans. • Live event mode neutron data reduction and visualisation. • Integrated “intelligent” instrument control • Linking Data reduction and data analysis. • A model for providing proposal to publication support for scientific computing at a LSF.

References [1] www.mantidproject.org

239 Oral DAA-07 10-2 Data Acquisition and Analysis

Transformation of S(Q,E) to G(r,t) with MEM

Tatsuya Kikuchi J-PARC

240 Oral 10-2 Data Acquisition and Analysis DAA-08

Improving the connection between neutron scattering and computational modeling at the Spallation Neutron Source.

Stuart Campbell1, Jose Borreguero1, Garrett Granroth1, Mark Hagen2, Jiao Lin3, Vickie Lynch1, Thomas Proffen1, Timmy Ramriez-Cuesta4, Galen Shipman5, Ross Whitfield1

1Neutron Data Analysis & Visualization Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA 2European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden 3California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA 4Chemical & Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA 5Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA

[email protected]

We will present a summary of the current developments on the integration of materials modeling and simulation into the data analysis of neutron scattering data obtained from beamlines at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). This will include using modeling both as an aide in the offline analysis of experimental data but also how we can link streaming data with leadership class computational resources to provide near real-time from modeling and simulations in order to optimize the information obtained from individual experiments. We will present an overview of the architecture of the systems and software that have been deployed together with relevant scientific use cases.

241 Poster DAA-P01 10. Data Acquisition and Analysis

Mantid Data Reduction and Visualization at SNS and HFIR

Jean-C. Bilheux, Jose M. Borreguerro, Stuart I. Campbell, Mathieu Doucet, Vick- ie E. Lynch, Dennis J. Mikkelson, Ruth L. Mikkelson, Peter F. Peterson, Shelly X. Ren, Michael A. Reuter, Andrei T. Savici, Russell J. Taylor, Wendou Zhou, Janik L. Zikovsky

Neutron Data Analysis & Visualization Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA

[email protected]

The large amount of data collected at the Spallation Neutron Source has brought forward new opportunities for science, but also present challenges for data reduction and visualization. A joint collaboration between ISIS and ORNL, Mantid[1.] is a data reduction, visualization, and analysis framework for neutron and muon experiments. Most instruments at ORNL two neutron sources (SNS and HFIR) are already using Mantid as part of their data processing. This framework allows user implemented workflows, which include customized algorithms and visualization tools. Users have multiple options of interacting with the program, from graphical user interfaces (GUI), to Python scripts, including the ability to generate a script based on an initial use of the GUI. One of the main features of this framework is the possibility to use event data. Event data allows using novel techniques, such as asynchronous parameter scans, including continuous angle or temperature, and pump probed experiments. Mantid also provides advanced visualization for 4-dimensional views of inelastic neutron scattering as a function of energy transfer and three dimensional momentum transfer, and/or other parameters, such as temperature, pressure or magnetic field. References: 1. http://www.mantidproject.org

242 No.10 Data Acquisition and Analysis Poster DAA-P02 10. Data Acquisition and Analysis Neutron diffraction imaging at NOVA (J-PARC), HRPD, RESA, and TNRF (JRR-3)

Shin-ichi Shamoto1, Tadashi Imaki2, Hidetoshi Oshita3,4, Takeshi Nakatani3, Katsuaki Kodama1, Naokatsu Kaneko3,4, Hiroshi Suzuki1, Hiroshi Iikura1, Atsushi Moriai1, Masahito Matsubayashi1, Naoki Igawa1, Kenji Yamaguchi1, Kensaku Sakamoto2, Kentaro Suzuya3, Toshiya Otomo3,4 1QuBS, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan, 2Information Technology System's Management and Operating Office, Center for Computational Science & e-Systems, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan, 3J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan, 4Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan [email protected] Abstract Neutron diffraction imaging for a SUS430 plate (=25.0 mm, t=7.4 mm) embedded in a copper block sample (=50.0 mm and t=20.0 mm) has been tested at the high-intensity total diffractometer NOVA in J-PARC, the High-Resolution Powder Diffractometer HRPD and the diffractometer for Residual Stress Analysis RESA in JRR-3. The results are also compared with that measured (4 sec for one photo) at the Thermal Neutron Radiography Facility TNRF in JRR-3. The neutron diffraction imaging at RESA takes 3 100 sec for a diffraction point with a gauge volume Vg of 65 mm (300 counts for Cu 220 reflection). In the case of NOVA, the neutron diffraction imaging takes 30 sec for a 3 full diffraction pattern with Vg=2000 mm (typically 3000 counts for Cu 111 reflection at 300kW). This one point measuring efficiency at NOVA is similar to that at RESA, then measuring point number for scanning increases the difference. As example, an ammonite fossil was also imaged by diffraction data measured at NOVA in J-PARC. Based on these test measurements at various diffractometers, the neutron diffraction imaging efficiency will be discussed.

243 Poster DAA-P03 10. Data Acquisition and Analysis

Automation of neutron spectrometry experiments using network technologies

a,xIgnatovich V.K., aSalamatin I.M., bSalamatin K.M., bSenner A.E. aJINR, FLNP, str. Joliot-Kurie 6, Dubna, Moscow reg., 141980 Russia bIntern. University “Dubna”,str. University 17, Dubna, Moscow reg., 141980 Russia xCorresponding author [email protected]

A new structure of a distributed software system for experiments automation (SEA) is proposed. The SEA includes the following interacting parts: 1) a subsystem describing the experimental procedure (SDEP); 2) the experiment control program (ECP); 3) distributed components messaging environment (DICME); 4) sample environment at the instrument; 5) Data Acquisition (DAQ) subsystem; 6) components for auxiliary operations. SDEP contains data base (DB) and two dialog programs: 1) a program producing passports of components which govern conditions of data registration; 2) program of Preparation of a Single Job (PSJ). The first one creates and writes to the database documentation for components, which contains: the name and description of controllers and devices connected to them, globally unique identifiers (GUID), used for addressing components, and parameters descriptions. The second one, PSJ, uses only terminology understandable to the experimenter, and represents the job as a list of ECP states descriptions in JSON format. ECP program receives from SDEP the list of SEA states, selects the description of the next state of the system (list of the data registration conditions) and sends a description of each condition to the intermediary DiCME. The description of the condition carries information about the component (GUID), sufficient for its search and link to ECP, and it also contains a list of parameters. Communicating through DICME with all necessary components, the ECP serves as a components manager. The choice and procedures procession that implements the conditions of registration data is performed in the components that drive the hardware, based on the interpretation of the referred to them descriptions of the conditions. Each component, to which ECP sent a message, should return to ECP the end of job signal (DONE / ERROR). After receiving signals from all the components listed in the description of the required state, ECP activates the data acquisition subsystem DAQ. The signal of data exposition finishing allows the ECP to switch to processing of the next state description in the job file. Mediator DiCME, developed using network technology, automatically searches and dynamically binds components. It provides an asynchronous mechanism for remote execution of procedures and access interface to component’s procedures independent on the computer network address. Information transfer and processing of all interactions of components in the SEA are performed by same means. For dynamic components linking two algorithms are used in the SEA: 1) the “hard” one for the basic operations (conditions formation, registration and archiving of experimental data) , implying a mandatory delivery of the message from a “customer” and of the answer from the “implementer”; 2)the “soft” one: a “subscription” for auxiliary operations (visualization , preprocessing , ...), in which a component consumer declares interest in a particular type of information, and the event manager serves all the “Subscribed” consumers when the information appears. As a result, the components implemented in different experiments and in different SEA can be used without modification. The presented approach was applied in the development of SEA software for several instruments at neutron sources IBR-2 and IRENE in JINR. It can be also applied in other areas, for example, to technological process automation.

244 Poster Discussion items: 10. Data Acquisition10. Data Acquisition and Analysis and Analysis DAA-P04

6Li/7Li and 14N/15N Isotopic Substitution Experiments Using NOVA Spectrometer at J-PARC

Yasuo Kameda1, Takuya Miyazaki1, Yuko Amo1, Takeshi Usuki1 and Toshiya Otomo2

1Department of material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University 2Institute of Material Structure Science, KEK

E-mail: [email protected] (Yasuo Kameda)

Isotopic substitution method is one of the most promising applications in the structural investigations of non-crystalline materials using neutron total scattering experiments. The environmental structure around isotopically substituted atom can be extracted by taking subtraction of scattering cross sections observed for samples with different isotopic compositions. A drawback of this technique might be the difficulty in obtaining sufficient S/N ratio of subtracted intensity data. In order to keep favorable statistical accuracy in the subtracted intensity, the use of high intensity incident neutron beam is indispensable. In the present paper, we report results of neutron scattering measurements on 6Li/7Li 14 15 and N/ N substituted aqueous *Li*NO3 solutions in D2O using the NOVA spectrometer installed in J-PARC. In the present study, concentration of the solute salt was extended to the very dilute region at 1 mol% LiNO3 and information on the + - hydration structure of Li and NO3 was successfully deduced. In the present analysis, the re-normalization procedure for the observed scattering cross sections was applied employing the least squares fitting analysis of intramolecular interference terms for D2O - and NO3 . + In the aqueous 1 mol% LiNO3 solution, it has been found that Li is surrounded by 6.0 ± 0.2 water molecules with the nearest neighbor Li+…O distance of 2.00 ± 0.02 Å. - The hydration number of NO3 is determined to be 6 ± 2 with the intermolecular distance between N atom and the nearest neighbor D (D2O) atom of 3.0 ± 0.1 Å. The concentration dependence of hydration number these ions is discussed.

245 Poster DAA-P05 10. Data Acquisition and Analysis

Abstract programming interface for MCTAL files

Nicolò Borghi1,2, Konstantin Batkov1 1European Spallation Source, 2Università degli Studi dell’Insubria [email protected]

Abstract MCNPX allows saving the calculation results in the MCTAL files and plotting them by means of the MCPLOT utility. We have developed an implementation of abstract programming interface (API) to read MCTAL files. This API provides a convenient way to read MCTAL files and convert them into any desired format for further analysis. As an example, a converter from MCTAL to ROOT format is presented.

246 No.10 Data Acquisition and Analysis Poster 10. Data Acquisition and Analysis DAA-P06

Neutron Diffraction Study of Piezoelectric Material Under Cyclic Electric Field Using Event Recording Technique

Takuro Kawasaki1, Takayoshi Ito2, Yasuhiro Inamura1, Takeshi Nakatani1, Stefanus Harjo1, Wu Gong1, Takaaki Iwahashi1 and Kazuya Aizawa1

1J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan 2Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan [email protected]

Abstract Recently, in-situ time-resolved measurement is attracting great interest in order to observe transient phenomena of materials under external fields. Event-recording system of MLF, J-PARC has an advantage for time-resolved measurement, because of “event” characteristic of the data. For this purpose, new techniques for the measurement and the data reduction were developed [1]. The responses of the structure and the lattice of piezoelectric materials to a cyclic electric field were chosen as the target to be investigated using this technique. The microscopic strains of the PZT-based piezoelectric material in a stacking-type actuator under driving by the static and the cyclic electric fields were investigated using the engineering neutron diffractometer TAKUMI at BL19 of MLF, J-PARC. The neutron diffraction intensities in the directions of parallel and perpendicular to the field were measured simultaneously by ±90° detector banks. The obtained data were reduced to the field-condition-resolved (time-resolved) diffraction patterns in the specific field conditions. The lattice strain and the domain characteristics of the material in the each condition will be presented. This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26790071, and the experiment was performed under the approval of J-PARC Center (Proposal No. 20140162).

[1] T. Ito, S. Harjo, Y. Inamura, T. Nakatani, T. Kawasaki, J. Abe, and K. Aizawa, Materials Science Forum, 783-786 (2014) 2071.

247 Poster DAA-P07 10. Data Acquisition and Analysis

The Data Management and Software Centre at the ESS

Thomas H. Rod, Mark E. Hagen DMSC, European Spallation Source, Universitetsparken 1, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark [email protected]

Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a project, involving 17 European partner countries, to construct a 5MW long pulse spallation neutron source at Lund in Sweden. When fully operational the ESS will become the brightest neutron source in the world with 16 instruments for scientific research coming online in the period 2020 to 2025. From the outset of the planning for ESS the importance of having an integrated software, and hardware, infrastructure for instrument control, data acquisition, data reduction and data analysis software for these instruments was recognized. The responsibility for providing the instrument control, data acquisition, data reduction and data analysis software for the ESS instruments rests with the Data Management and Software Centre (DMSC), which is a division of the ESS Science Directorate. In order to deliver this software infrastructure the DMSC will be working closely with collaborators from facilities and universities in the ESS partner countries to leverage experience, knowledge and existing software. This poster presentation will present our current view of the software infrastructure that DMSC will deliver for the ESS instruments in the coming years.

248 No.10 Data Acquisition and Analysis Poster 10. Data Acquisition and Analysis DAA-P08

Z-MEM & Z-3D, Maximum Entropy Method and Visualization Software for Electron/Nuclear Density Distribution in Z-Code Y. Ishikawa1, J.R. Zhang1, R. Kiyanagi2, M. Yonemura1, A. Hoshikawa3, T. Ishigaki3, S. Torii1, R. Tomiyasu1 and T. Kamiyama1 1J-PARC Center, IMSS, KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan 2J-PARC Center, JAEA, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan 3iFRC, Ibaraki University, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan [email protected] Abstract Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) from X-ray/Neutron diffraction data is one of powerful tools for materials science including condensed matter physics, solid state chemistry, etc. Since the mathematical background by MEM is based on estimation theory, reliability of density distribution is ensured by accurate intensities with error values, which are propagated from each analysis and correction. Z-Rietveld, which has been developed for the Rietveld analysis of J-PARC powder diffraction data, includes the error propagation algorithm on premise as MEM calculation. Z-MEM is one of software in Z-Code, a software suite developed for the advanced analysis of J-PARC powder diffraction data. Since it can access the Z-Rietveld project file directly, it is possible to automatically import all parameters, which are determined by Rietveld analysis. In addition, all parameters in Z-MEM can be controled by Graphic User Interface (GUI), and any user can execute MEM analysis by just a few steps. After MEM calculation, the result is given as electron/nuclear density distribution data. Visualization software Z-3D can display these 3-dimensional density data. Since Z-3D is optimized for GPU engine by using OpenGL technology, it can realize high speed drawing. Moreover, Z-3D can apply importing the Crystallographic Information File (CIF), and it can visualize both of the crystal structure model and electron/nuclear density distribution simultaneously. Details of the feature about these software will be described at the presentation.

249 No.10 Data Acquisition and Analysis Poster DAA-P09 10. Data Acquisition and Analysis

Monte Carlo Simulation of the Resolution Ellipsoid for the SEQUOIA Spectrometer

G. E. Granroth1, S. E. Hahn2, 1Neutron Data Analysis and Visualization Division, 2Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN, USA [email protected] Abstract Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations of neutron beamlines are particularly useful in instrument design and characterization. However, these tools can also be useful for experiment planning and analysis. To this end, the McStas Monte Carlo ray tracing model of SEQUOIA has been modified to include the time of flight resolution sample and detector components. With these components the resolution ellipsoid can be calculated for any detector pixel and energy bin of the instrument. The simulation is split in two pieces. First, the beamline up to the sample is simulated. Next, the backend, that includes the resolution sample and monitor components, uses the output of the first as a virtual source. With this model, a series of detector and energy pixels are computed in parallel. The results are then transform into the space of an oriented single crystal using python scripts. Though this tool is under development as a planning tool, we have used it to provide the resolution function for convolution with theoretical models. Specifically

theoretical calculations of the spin waves in YFeO3 were compared to measurements from SEQUOIA[1]. Though the overall features of the spectra can be explained while neglecting resolution effects, the variation in intensity of the modes is best described once the resolution is included. As this was a single sharp mode, the simulated half intensity value of the resolution ellipsoid defined the resolution width. A description of the simulation, its use, and continued efforst will be discussed. This research, conducted at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source, was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy.

1. Hahn, S. E. et al., Physical Review B, 89, 014420 (2014)

250 No.10 Data Acquisition and Analysis Poster DAA-P10 10. Data Acquisition and Analysis Web Monitor and prototype Analysis at the SNS

M. Doucet1, J. Quigley2, R. Crompton2, S. Ren1, J. Renner2 and, G. E. Granroth1, 1Neutron Data Analysis and Visualization Division, 2Information Technology Sevices Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN, USA [email protected] Abstract As part of the ADARA project to stream instrument data and accelerate data processing, the SNS has developed a web monitoring application to track the status of running experiments. Over the course of the project, the web monitor has been extended to report on the live data acquisition status of all SNS instruments. It has become a powerful tool that allows instrument scientists and users to monitor their experiment from both inside and outside ORNL.

The web monitor builds on the work done to develop a workflow management service to streamline the post-processing of the data. Upon notification of a new data file having been written to disk, the workflow management service sends tasks to cataloging and auto-reduction services and monitors the completion of those tasks. The workflow can be modified to suit the particular needs of each instrument. The status of the post-processing workflow can be monitored on the web by facility users.

In this presentation, we will discuss the high-level architecture of the workflow management service and web monitor. We will present the latest features of the monitor and discuss its planned development.

251 Memo Session 11

New Moderator Concept and Compact Source 11-1 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source #1 11-2 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source #2 11-3 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source (night session)

Fukuroda falls in Daigo town Oral NMC-01 11-1 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source (plenary)

Compact accelerator driven neutron sources

Yoshiaki Kiyanagi Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University [email protected]

Abstract Compact accelerator driven neutron source (CANS) is indispensable for promoting the neutron science and also supporting large facilities. The large facility aims at the top science in a commonly recognized field, and the compact facility, of course, does not but allows a unique experiment by a personal idea in a new field. Useful features of the CANS are that 1. it is much easier for new comers to access and perform experiments, 2. not severe reviewing system allows the users to try idea stage experiments, 3. fundamental results promote the use of the large facility, 4. education of student and training of new users are effectively performed. Various neutron sources driven by compact accelerators have been operating and constructed. The electron linac driven neutron source at Hokkaido University (HUNS, ~1012n/sec) is one of the oldest compact neutron sources in the world. Neutronic study of a coupled hydrogen moderator, neutron focusing with a magnetic lens, and crystallographic information imaging were the world’s first experiments performed at HUNS. Now, for applying to steel study a small-medium scattering method are being developed. Furthermore, Kyoto University accelerator driven neutron source (KUANS, ~1011n/sec) and RIKEN accelerator driven neutron source (RANS, ~1012n/ sec) recently came into operation. NUANS at Nagoya University is now under construction. At KUANS, for example, neutron imaging and device tests were performed. Generation process of steel rust was observed for the first time in the world at RANS. This study is continued at J-PARC to clarify the mechanism in more detail. In the world LENS in the USA is being used for SANS and so on, and PKUNIFTY and CPHS are under commissioning and working in China for imaging and other applications. Here, usefulness of the CANS and its activity is presented. Furthermore, compact moderator design for imaging is also introduced.

254 Oral 11-1 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source (plenary) NMC-02

The pelletized cold neutron moderator at the IBR-2 reactor. The first experience of exploitation.

Sergey Kulikov1, V. Ananyev, A. Belyakov, M. Bulavin, K. Mukhin, E. Shabalin, A. Verhoglyadov 1Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR [email protected]

Abstract The start up of the first cold moderator at the modernized IBR-2 reactor with a maximal power of 2 MW has been successfully done recently. The moderator chamber charged within mesithylene beads. Technological system of moderator worked properly through whole working cycles. The method of “pin-hole” within neutron PSD has been used for monitoring of charging process by taking neutron count picture of moderator in direct geometry. An average moderator’s temperature has been about 30 K. Gain factor up to 13 times has been measured in comparison of cold neutron spectra from the surface of cold moderator and spectra from a water moderator at room temperature. The moderator successfully worked more than 2000 MW ours of reactor operation time. The first experience of exploitation and obtained results will be presented in the talk.

255 Oral NMC-03 11-1 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source (plenary)

Low-Dimensional High Brightness Hydrogen Moderators

A. Takibayev, F. Mezei, L. Zanini, K. Batkov, E. Klinkby, E. Pitcher, T. Schonfeldt European Spallation Source ESS AB [email protected]

During design optimization phase of the European Spallation Source (ESS) currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, a new concept of a very high brightness moderator – a quasi 2-dimensional flat-like moderator – was discovered. In the study presented, the physics behind low-dimensional moderators is discussed. Based on that, the possible ways to further enhance moderator brightness for neutron scattering experiments both at spallation and fission facilities up to one order of magnitude comparing with conventional volume moderators – namely, advanced flat-, tube-, and so called starfish-like moderators – are evaluated.

256 Oral 11-2 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source NMC-04

Combined neutron moderator for the IBR-2 reactor. Project of moderator with continuous change of pellets in the chamber on the basis of the combined moderator. Refrigerator 1200 Watt 10K for neutron moderators. Technical devise and support for moderators.

Anan’ev V.D., Belyakov A.A., Verkhoglyadov A., Kustov A.A., Lyubimsev A.A., Mukhin K.A., Shabalin E.P.

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia Fax: +7 (49621)65119; e-mail: [email protected]

In the plan of the modernization IBR-2 reactor around a reactor core will be installed 3 cryogenic neutron moderators. For slowdown neutrons in moderators use a mesitylene with m-xylene as frozen beads with a diameter of 3-4 mm. These pellets are served in a moderator chamber by a helium flow. Currently, one of the moderators (202) is already installed and working on the experiment. Given the positive experience of the moderator (202) is now commissioned a full-scale stand retarder 201 with reference to the premises. The report will be submitted to the moderator 201. The main problem of transportation is download pellets in a moderator chamber (pellets should raise up the height of 3 meters at an angle of 50 degrees). It condition is defined by the geometric position of the moderator in a reactor biodefense . Will present the results of experiments on the loading pellets into the moderator chamber and proposed the concept of a moderator with the continuous change of pellets without stop of the reactor cycle.

257 Oral NMC-05 11-2 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source

An update on the LENS facility for 2014

David V. Baxter1,2, F. Hao1,2, F. Li1,2, K. Li1,2, S. R. Parnell1,3, R. Pynn1,2,3, T. Rinckel1, W. M. Snow1,2, and P. E. Sokol1,2, T. Wang1,2 1Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA, 2Dept. of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA 3Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA [email protected]

Abstract

The Low Energy Neutron Source at Indiana University began producing neutrons almost ten years ago, and over that time it has served as a model for compact and flexible neutron sources based on (p,n) reactions. The facility now has three instruments in operation on its cold target station. A second target station devoted to thermal and fast neutron physics offers capabilities in radiation effects research (single-event effects in electronics) and radiography. Instrumentation development continues to represent a significant fraction of the activity at LENS, with current emphasis being focused on neutron spin manipulation, moderator development, and radiography. In this talk, I will provide an update on our operational experience for the facility and its instruments over the last few years as well as summarizing our most significant results in the areas of instrumentation development and the large- scale structure of materials.

258 Oral 11-2 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source NMC-06

Fundamental physics possibilities at the European Spallation Source

E. Klinkby1,2, K. Batkov1, F. Mezei1, E. Pitcher1, T. Schönfeldt1,2, A.Takibayev1, L. Zanini1

1) European Spallation Source ESS AB, Box 176, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden 2) DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark

Contact: [email protected]

Presently the design of target-moderator-reflector system (TMR) of the future European Spallation Source is being finalized. The ESS will be a long pulsed (2.86ms) neutron source where neutrons are created by spallation due to a 2 GeV proton beam impacting on a rotating tungsten target. As of yet, the components of the TMR system has not been sent to construction, but the design is entering its final phase. In order to avoid in the future to be limited by irreversible decisions on construction, now is the time to think ahead and consider possible future applications of the ESS in addition to neutron scattering for which it is built. One important example would be as a Ultra Cold Neutron (UCN) source for studies of fundamental physics – in particular to allow for precision measurements of the standard model parameters governing the neutron decay and interactions. Several possibilities of UCN moderator and extraction designs are explored, and the resulting Monte Carlo simulation models will be presented, and their performance in terms on ultra cold neutron flux and heat-loads will be presented. In addition to facilitate precision measurements of Standard Model parameters through ultra cold neutron production, the ESS and in particular its target could be used to extract muons and thus serve a muon facility. The muon production rate and possible extraction will be discussed in the context of existing and planned muon facilities. In addition to the above, the ESS could be used to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. In particular, a possible design of the recently proposed neutron-anti-neutron oscillation experiment is discussed and its experimental reach estimated. Also, discussed for the first time are the recent ideas to perform a beam-dump type experiment at ESS, to search for “dark photons” - a candidate for dark matter.

[1] S. Peggs (executive editor), ESS Technical Design Report, ESS-doc-274, ISBN 978-91-980173-2-8 (April 23, 2013). URL:http://europeanspallationsource.se/documentation/tdr.pdf

259 Oral 4. IntegratedNMC-07 Interface11-2 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source

Novel approach of thermal and fast neutron imaging and data analysis at RANS -RIKEN Accelerator-driven compact neutron source- Y. Otake1, A.Taketani1, S.Wang1, 3, H.Ohta1, T. Hashiguchi1, M.Yamada1, Y.Seki1, H.Sunaga1, M.Takamura1, Y.Yamagata1, J.Kato1, H. Baba1 , K.Kino4, K.Hirota2, Y.Kiyanagi4 , S. Tanaka5, T.Nakayama6 1 RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN 2Nagoya University, 3XJTU, 4Hokkaido University, 5KEK, 6KOBELCO [email protected] Abstract RIKEN Accelerator-driven compact Neutron Source (RANS) has been operated since 2013 January. 7MeV protons hit Be-long-live target in the compact target station, we get thermal and fast neutron whose energy is around 1.5MeV. One of the important results of RANS during first year is the world first success of non-destructive visualization of under-film corrosion of steels. The steel corrosion is one of the most important issues in infrastructure, and painting is the most widely used as its protection method. The rust states and the changes in water volume under paint-film accompanying the wet and dry treatment were successfully visualized. The difference of corrosion growth between normal steel and alloy steel was also observed, indicating that the latter has better corrosion resistance than the former. This result is believed to serve as an improvement of corrosion life of painted steel structures. Further study to reveal the corrosion mechanism, we are planning to use not only RANS but J-PARC as well. This would be good example of the compact neutron source as a very useful instrument. We also succeed the observation of air hole, steel bar, and column of water through or in the 30cm thickness concrete block with fast neutron imaging detector which are being developed in RIKEN. One of our goal is to develop transportable compact neutron system including health diagnostics software based on VCAD technique for non-destructive inspection of large scale structures such as bridges.

260 Oral 11-3 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source NMC-08

Convoluted Moderators for Enhanced Slow Neutron Beam Production

E. B. Iverson1, D. V. Baxter2, G. Muhrer3, S. Ansell4, R. Dalgliesh4, F. X. Gallmeier1, W. Lu1, T. Schönfeldt5 1Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA 2Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA 3European Spallation Source Project, Lund, Sweden 4ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, United Kingdom 5Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark

[email protected]

We describe a new concept for a neutron moderating assembly resulting in the more efficient production of slow neutron beams. The Convoluted Moderator, a heterogeneous stack of interleaved moderating material and nearly transparent single-crystal spacers, is a directionally-enhanced neutron beam source, improving beam emission over an angular range comparable to the range accepted by neutron beam lines and guides. We have demonstrated gains of 50% in slow neutron intensity for a given fast neutron production rate while simultaneously reducing the wavelength-dependent emission time dispersion by 25%, both coming from a geometric effect in which the neutron beam lines view a large surface area of moderating material in a relatively small volume. We have confirmed a Bragg-enhancement effect arising from coherent scattering within the single- crystal spacers, although its magnitude is such that it is not useful. In addition to confirmation of the validity of the Convoluted Moderator concept, our measurements provide a series of benchmark experiments suitable for developing simulation and analysis techniques for practical optimization and eventual implementation at slow neutron source facilities. We will discuss measurements of the convoluted moderator at room temperature and cryogenic conditions, and compare these measurements to simulations we have performed using techniques developed for these studies.

261 Oral NMC-09 11-3 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source

Benchmark experiment on "entry-grooves" in moderator / reflector material

Knud Thomsen, Eberhard Lehmann, Anders Kästner, Tibor Reiss Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland [email protected]

Abstract Some influence of the surface structure on the coupling of neutrons with moderating material is well established, e.g. reentrant holes or –grooves are employed at different facilities to enhance the flux of neutrons emanating from moderators. For increasing performance, hitherto emphasis and effort has mainly been focused on amplifying useful neutron flux by optimizing the output-side of moderators. Recent preliminary numerical studies have indicated that similar structuring as established for boosting the flux at the output-side of a moderator might also be beneficial at the input-side by first letting the neutrons better enter the moderator volume. Exper- iments will be reported on a series of measurements illuminating several cubes of polyethylene with surface structuring in the thermal neutron beam of the NEUTRA facility at PSI, SINQ. With the new dual-detector set-up at NEUTRA, both the transmission through, as well as the reflection from the cube can simultaneously be measured for different alignments and orientations. Demonstrating good agreement between calculations and measurements while verifying the above predictions for this mock-up geometry can be taken as a starting point for investigating more representative conditions. Whether significant improvements over simple-shaped moderator geometries can be achieved in realistic settings needs to be scrutinized by taking all relevant boundary conditions into consideration.

262 11. New Moderator Concept and CompactOral Source 11-3 New Moderator Concept and Compact Source NMC-10

Triphenylmethane as a new moderator material Thomas Huegle1, Monika Hartl1, Michal Mocko1, Guenter Muhrer2, David Baxter3 1LANSCE-LC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2ESS Sweden, 3LENS, Indiana University [email protected] Abstract For 40 years, modern spallation neutron sources have used water, liquid hydrogen and liquid methane moderators, each covering one energy range. A material to replace the unstable methane that is also able to operate at a variable energy range is needed to fully utilize high-power neutron sources. In a simultaneous computational and experimental study, we investigated triphenylmethane, a highly promising candidate as a potential moderator material. Triphenylmethane fulfills several of the fundamental criteria for a neutron moderator: as a molecule it consists of only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Its neutron absorption can be considered low, and its hydrogen content is sufficiently high. The really interesting characteristics stem from its unique structure: with three aromatic phenyl groups surrounding one central carbon atom, the molecule is able to form comparably stable radicals and even ions. In aromatic systems, the localized electron orbitals of several neighboring atoms overlap to form one huge orbital stretching over all atoms. This delocalized orbital is highly favored energetically and confers outstanding radiation stability to molecules with aromatic carbon rings like benzene. Since the energies of C-H vibrations in aromatic molecules are generally lower than their aliphatic counterparts, the amount of high-energy excitations in the material should be significantly reduced. At the same time, the hindered axial rotation of the phenyl rings around the bond to the central atom provides a multitude of low-energy excitations. In this talk, we will discuss our ongoing investigations of the material, ranging from DFT calculations to a field test at the Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) at Indiana University.

263 Poster NMC-P01 11. New Moderator Concept and Compact Source

Control system of filling of chamber for cryogenic moderator of IBR-2 research reactor.

A. Bogdzel, A. Verhoglyadov, V. Zhuravlev, S. Kulikov, F. Levchanovsky, E. Litvinen- ko, A. Petrenko, A. Sirotin, A. Churakov, E. Shabalin. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. [email protected]

Abstract High-performance cold neutron moderator for the IBR-2 reactor is manufactured at the Frank Laboratory of Neuron Physics and operates in normal mode at present. Material for cold moderator is mixture of mesitylene and m-xylene in the form of solid beads with diameter of about 3-4mm. These beads are replaced in the moderator’s chamber periodically. Uniformity of chamber volume filling is one of the problems of moderator operation. Observation of filling process is realized by acquisition of 2D images of moderator on two coordinate PSD by the method of “camera-ob- scura”. Ready-built monitoring system allows controlling the level of working medium in chamber of moderator, to measure neutron spectra and to control of warming and drain of used mesitylene. At the present time monitoring system is installed at 8th channel of IBR-2 reactor, it detects 12-times gain of 6-10Å neutron flux with using of new moderator. Also absence of appreciable spectrum degradation was observed.

264 Poster 11. New Moderator Concept and Compact Source NMC-P02

Design on Target and Moderator of X-band Compact Electron Linac Neutron Source for Short Pulsed Neutrons

K. Tagi1, D. Matsuyama1, M. Yamamoto2, K. Dobashi1, T. Fujiwara1 and M. Uesaka1

1Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University, Japan 2Accuthera Inc., Japan

[email protected]

Abstract Nuclear data of nuclear fuel materials, such as uranium and plutonium, is necessary for various applications such as the analysis of melt fuel debris in Fukushima 1st nuclear power plant and the design of ADS (Accelerator Driven System). For the purpose, we have to upgrade the nuclear data accuracy, especially in high energy region. University of Tokyo is developing a measurement system of nuclear fuel materials using X-band (9.3GHz) electron linac based neutron source. The research reactor “Yayoi” is under decommissioning in the Tokai campus. After it is finished, we introduce this neutron source in the core of the reactor. Use and measurement of nuclear fuel materials are available in the reactor room. Although the space of the core is limited, the compact X-band linac based neutron source can be installed. This system consists of the 20 keV thermal electron gun, the 5 MeV buncher, the accelerator tube, the target, the moderator, the 5 m TOF beamline and the scintillator detector made of Ce:LiCaF crystal. Ce:LiCaF scintillator can discriminate neutrons and gamma-rays and it has the short time resolution of 40 ns. The energy of electron beam is 30 MeV and the beam power is 0.375 kW. In this research, the target and moderator for the measurement of up to 100 keV neutrons is designed. Material, size and position of target, moderator and reflector are optimized by the Monte Carlo simulation. Neutron pulse length is evaluated, which is short enough necessary for high energy neutron measurement in the TOF measurement. As a result of the simulation, tungsten target and very thin plate moderator is adopted. The energy resolution of this system is assessed.

265 Poster NoNMC-P03 11. New Moderator11. New concept Moderator and Concept Compact and SourceCompact Source

Approximate S(α, β) program for H2 containing MOFs and other conﬁned systems Stuart Ansell, Shaun Lewis ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Labs, Chilton, Oxfordshire U.K.

Zeolites and metal oxide frameworks (MOF) are two class of materials that offer an almost infinite number of structures that can be adapted to store hydrogen and acts as a neutron moderator. As a consequence of the scientific effort to understand their hydrogen storage properties, a large range of physical and spectroscopic data are available. Unfortunately, the availability of neutrons means that the number of full S(α, β) cross sections measured are both small and focused on those that would be good hydrogen storage material rather than good moderator materials. The purpose of this work was to create a computer code that produces an approximate S(α, β) for use with Monte Carlo scattering programs like MCNP(X), GEANT, Fluka etc, based on existing physical data like NMR, IR and x-ray crystallography. The program uses an implementation of the synthetic scattering approximation [J.R. Granada, Phys. Rev. B 31, 4167 (1995) ] and adapts the H2 scattering from a confined geometry modification to the neutron S(α, β) calculated by Young and Koppel [Phys. Rev. 111 A603 (1964)]. The H2 free diffusion wavefunction needs to be modified to reflect the pore boundary condition and we have implemented a number of simplified shapes to calculate the translational scattering state.

The inter-coherent scattering of H2 also needs to be modified for the pore geometry, and this was carried out by a classical modification of the S(Q) term by weighted truncation of the Fourier geometry space assuming an isotropic hydrogen density. Additionally, inter-pore interactions were neglected. Despite the simplifications of this model, it allows a rapid screening of candidate materials to test for moderator materials. In particular, we find that the model produces two interesting classes of candidates: firstly those with a small pore size have a modified cut off energy over which scattering is reduced, and secondly, large pore low H2 density materials produce possible candidates for a >10A˚ moderator. We report the initial screening of this program against real measurements.

266 Session 12

Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities

Ryujin canyon in autmun , Hitachi-ohta city Oral SO-01 12 Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities

Radioactive material Leak Accident at the Hadron Experimental Facility and Safety Measures for Operation of the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility of J-PARC

Yoshimi Kasugai Radiation safety section, J-PARC Center, [email protected]

Abstract The radioactive material leak accident occurred at the Hadron Experimen- tal Facility (HD) on May 23, 2013, by accidental incidence of an abnormally short proton beam on the gold target. The gold target partially melted by heating, and the radioactive products accumulated within the target were released to the experimental hall since the air- tightness of the target and the primary beam line was insufficient. As a result of the delay of collection and integration of information on the beam operation data and the radiation monitors, the experimenters in the experimental hall received internal exposure. Furthermore, radioactive materials were released to the environment outside the radiation controlled area because of the operation of ventilation fans. After the accident, the beam operation of all J-PARC, including the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF), had to be stopped indefinitely. In order to resume the operation, we made much effort to check the radiation safety of all facilities other than HD, especially from the view point of radioactiv- ity confinement capability. In addition we established a new system for emergency response to abnormal incidents. Those were reviewed by an external expert panel and reported to the national authority, the local governments and inhabitants in the vicinity of J-PARC. Besides, in J-PARC, the education on the new safety framework was carried out to the all staff members and users, and emergency drills were conducted several times. The operation of MLF for users could be started on February 17, 2014. (It will take longer to resume the beam operation of HD since it will require the target exchange and upgrade of the ventilation systems.) In this presentation, we will review the HD incident and the resuming process of J-PARC. In addition, radiation-safety measures which were applied from the beginning in MLF are shown. Finally we will discuss what we should learn from the HD accident.

268 No.12 Safety & Operation for High PowerOral Facilities 12 Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities SO-02

Improvements to Lujan Neutron Scattering Center operations plan and sample management system Charles T. Kelsey IV Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory [email protected] Abstract Following a radioactive contamination incident in August of 2012 a new operations plan has been implemented at the Lujan center. It is complemented by a new sample management procedure with a barcode tracking system that tracks samples throughout their life cycle at the Center. This talk will describe the incident, response and activities to mitigate the event. Resumption of activity at the Lujan center followed a conservative profile with three phases. The resumption phases are complete and the Lujan Center returned to full operation in October 2013. In this talk lessons learned from the emergency response, accident investigation, recovery and resumption will be shared. The lessons have led to improvement of both Lujan and LANL processes. The need for a systematic and risk aware sample management process was one of the major lessons learned.

269 Oral SO-03 12 Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities

Improvement of the J-PARC cryogenic hydrogen system aimed at long-lasting stable operation

Hideki Tatsumoto, Kiichi Ohtsu, Tomokazu Aso, Yoshihiko Kawakami 1 J-PARC Center, JAEA [email protected]

Abstract The J-PARC cryogenic hydrogen system provides cryogenic hydrogen at supercritical pressure of 1.5 MPa, whose temperature is less than 20 K, to three moderators so as to produce pulsed cold neutron beam with superior neutronic performance. The nuclear heating is estimated to be 3.75 kW at the moderators for a 1-MW proton beam operation. The hydrogen loop has a heater for the thermal compensa- tion and a cryogenic accumulator so as to mitigate the pressure and temperature fluctuations caused by the proton beam injection and/or stop. The heat load added to it is removed through a heat exchanger by a helium refrigerator which has an expansion turbine and uses liquid nitrogen as precooling. The proton beam power has gradually increased up to 300 kW since the cryogenic hydrogen system had been completed in April of 2008. However, it had never been implemented to con- duct long-lasting stable operation of the helium refrigerator due to the performance degradation of the heat exchanger until 2010. It was clarified that the performance degradation was caused by the impurities such as moisture and nitrogen adsorbed on an activated charcoal located downstream of the compressor. To remove the defects, we installed a purification system, which consisted of a cryogenic adsorber, a dryer filled with zeolite and a heater for regeneration, and the impurity detectors in 2011. The purification operation procedure had been optimized based on the commissioning results in order to continuously carry out the stable operation for more than three months. In the end, the long-lasting stable operation has been achieved for 95 days. Furthermore, the present paper also introduces the development of the 3rd accumulator with pressure-resistant, measures against a radiation contamination issue during the hydrogen pump overhaul and so on.

270 Oral 12 Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities SO-04

Development of the Personnel Safety System for the ESS

Garry Trahern, Paul Wright, Annika Nordt, Linda Coney, Peter Jacobsson, Thomas Hansson European Spallation Source [email protected]

Abstract The 5 MW European Spallation Source (ESS), scheduled to begin operations in 2019, will be the brightest source of spallation neutrons as yet built. High-energy neutrons are produced when the 2 GeV proton beam from the ~600 m long linear accelerator interacts with a rotating tungsten target wheel contained within the target monolith. These fast neutrons are slowed down by the target moderators and reflector systems to suitable energies for experiments and then delivered to over 20 different instruments through beam ports. At such a facility, safe operations is of utmost importance, and, as such, requires the implementation of several layers of control and safety systems. At the ESS, a comprehensive controls program will be implemented throughout the facility, including the accelerator, target, and neutron-scattering instruments. This integrated control system (ICS) will bring together all segments of the machine into a unified structure. The Personnel Safety System (PSS) is a core requirement of ICS, along with the Machine Protection System (MPS) and timing system. The PSS is an active safety system that protects workers from radiation, both prompt and residual, stemming from operation of the proton accelerator. Pro- tection is achieved by controlling access to restricted areas, shutting down beam production under abnormal conditions, and generating alarms with area radiation monitors interlocked to the beam. The system is segmented to facilitate configuration control, support multiple operational modes, and address the specific needs of the accelerator, target, and instrument areas. This paper will describe the development of the PSS, including the defini- tion of requirements, functional specification for each segment, and evaluation of interfaces with other ESS systems.

271 No.12 Safety & Operation for High PowerOral Facilities SO-05 12 Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities

Progress of General Control System for Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility in J-PARC Kenji Sakai1, Motoki Ooi1, Akihiko Watanabe1, Tetsuya Kai1, Yuko Kato1, Shin-ichiro Meigo1, and Hiroshi Takada1 1Neutron source section, J-PARC Center [email protected] Abstract This report overviews recent progress of a General Control System (GCS) for the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in J-PARC. In order to operate all equipment of the MLF safely and stably, the GCS consists of several subsystems such as an integral control system centering on the control of neutron and muon targets, interlock systems for safety operations, and shared servers [1]. The GCS which was designed based on the concept of a distributed digital control system, has flexibility in case that the neutron target system is upgraded with ramping up the proton beam power and the number of user apparatuses increases year by year. It is also expected to administer the operating processes of the MLF for various statuses such as beam irradiation, target maintenance and emergency. Actually, the GCS has been operated as expected without any serious troubles since the first beam injection in 2008. It also worked based on its safety design when the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in 2011 [2]. In recent years, however, it has been improved significantly in view of sustainable long-term operation and maintenance. The monitor and operation system of the GCS has been upgraded by changing its framework software to improve potential flexibility in its maintenance [3]. Its interlock system is also being modified in accordance with the re-examination of the risk management system of J-PARC. Details of those modifications will be presented.

References [1] K. Sakai et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 600, 75 (2009) [2] K. Sakai et al., Proc. of ICANS-XX, March 4–9, 2012, (2012), 113 [3] M. Ooi, et al., Proc. of ICALEPCS2013, October 6-11, 2013, (2013), MOPPC017

272 Oral 12 Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities SO-06

Development of the Target Safety System for the ESS Target Station

Linda Coney, Atefeh Sadeghzadeh, Francois Plewinski European Spallation Source [email protected]

Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be a 5 MW neutron spallation research facility where an energetic proton beam incident upon a helium-cooled tungsten target is converted to neutron beams. The liquid hydrogen moderator, water moderator, and reflector systems within the target monolith slow down the high-energy neutrons, produced through the spallation process, to cold and thermal neutrons suitable for use by experiments. Several layers of control, protection, and safety systems will be implemented in order to ensure safe operation of this advanced facility. The Target Safety System (TSS) is dedicated to the nuclear safety functions of protecting the public from exposure to unsafe levels of radiation and pre- venting the release of radioactive material beyond permissible limits. It is a safety-rated monitoring and control system subject to the highest reliability demands in ESS operation. In the event of an abnormal situation, the TSS guarantees that the target station operates within the design domain. It is likely that the TSS will trigger and control internal and external mitigation functions including termination of proton beam production. The TSS operates independently alongside two other control systems within the target station: the machine protection system (MPS) and the personnel safety system (PSS). The MPS is designed to protect equipment from damage due to malfunction or errant beam loss, and the PSS will protect personnel from irradiation primarily by managing access to sensitive areas during operations. This paper will describe the development of the TSS, including the defi- nition of requirements utilizing hazard analyses of all target station systems, evaluation of interfaces with accelerator and control systems, and development of the design logic.

273 Oral No.12SO-07 Safety & Operation12 Safety for High & Operation Power Facilities for High Power Facilities

Management of the radioactive waste and emissions within the European Spallation Source facility Daniela Ene1 1European Spallation Source, ESS-AB, Lund, Sweden [email protected] Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS) is the European common effort in designing and building a next generation large-scale user facility for studies of the structure and dynamics of materials. The schematic layout of the ESS facility is based on a linear driver (linac) directing proton pulses (5 MW of 2 GeV) of 2.86 ms length at 14 Hz onto a tungsten target where neutrons are produced via spallation reactions. Further more the neutrons will be moderated to thermal and cold energies by water and liquid hydrogen. These thermal and cold neutrons will be transported by 22 beamlines to the scattering instruments, mainly used for neutron scattering research. This paper reports the status of the waste management plan of the ESS facility and the radiological consequences of the discharge of the radioactive gaseous waste into the environment. Estimations of types and quantities of waste that the ESS project will generate at different stages: commission, operation, and decommissioning were derived using: i) Monte Carlo calculations ii) scaling the activity from the operational experience of the existing spallation sources. Associated waste treatment/conditioning options and final disposal route were further analyzed in order to define the waste type and packet descriptions in agreement with Swedish regulations and policy. Particular attention was devoted to the highly activated components of the target station and its surroundings. First estimates of the radioactive waste water to be produced during ESS operations and solutions for its handling will be provided. An overview of the different aspects of the tritium management in ESS facility will be given. Finally, the source term for atmospheric releases and the radiological assessment of the dose to the critical group will be reported.

274 Poster 12. Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities SO-P01

Neutron guide activation and handling for the European Spallation Source

Zsófia Kókai1,2, Luca Zanini1, Ferenc Mezei1, Alan Takibayev1, Esben Klinkby1, Sza- bina Török2, Péter Zagyvai2 1European Spallation Source, 2Centre for Energy Research [email protected]

Abstract Different neutron guide materials can be selected for the future European Spallation Source under construction in Lund, Sweden. In this work radiological properties of different guide design have been compared. The activation of the neutron guide is an important topic because the replacement of the guides is envisaged after a few years use due to radiation damage, mechanical failure and progress in guide technology. The neutron guides are covered by multiple layers (coatings) in order to maximize neutron reflection. In the past mainly glass materials have been produced as a substrate of layers, the aluminium substrate is a new and fast developing solution due to better mechanical properties. The difference between glass and aluminium guide design have been examined in terms of activation and radiation protection based on Monte Carlo modelling of particle transport and deterministic modelling of the isotopic inventories. The effect of total reflection on the activation has also been examined.

275 Poster SO-P02 12. Safety & Operation for High Power Facilities

Studies of magnet activation due to beam losses and back-scattered neutrons

Cristian Bungau, Adriana Bungau, Robert Cywinski, Roger Barlow, Robert Edgecock University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK [email protected]

Abstract The residual activity induced in particle accelerators is a serious issue from the point of view of radiation safety as the long-lived radionuclides produced by fast or moderated neutrons and impact protons cause problems of radiation exposure for staff involved in the maintenance work and when decommissioning the facility. This is a generic study of induced activation in accelerator components, and the same methodology can be applied to any future study of element activation for other accelerators around the world. Taking the High Energy Beam Transport line of the European Spallation Source as a reference we present activation studies of the magnets and collimators due to the back-scattered neutrons from the target and also due to the direct proton beam losses along the beamline.

276 Participants List

Kashima shrine in Kashima city 【A】 Andersen Ken ESS Ansell Stuart Rutherford Appleton Labs Arai Masatoshi J-PARC, JAEA Argyriou Dimitri N. ESS AB Aso Tomokazu Japan Atomic Energy Agency

【B】 Batkov Konstantin European Spallation Source Baxter David V Indiana University Belushkin Alexander V. Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR Benzaid Djelloul KHEMIS MILIANA UNIVERSITY Bessler Yannick Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics (ZEA-1) Bewley Robert ISIS Facility Blau Bertrand Paul Scherrer Institut Bourke Mark Andrew Los Alamos National Laboratory Bowden Zoe A STFC,ISIS Brueckel Thomas Forschungszentrum Juelich, JCNS-2 Bulavin Maxim Victorovich Joint institute for nuclear research Bungau Cristian University of Huddersfield Butzek Michael Forschungszentrum Juelich

【C】 Campbell Stuart I Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cherkashyna Nataliia European Spallation Source ESS AB Coney Linda R. European Spallation Source ESS AB Connatser Robert European Spallation Source, ESS AB

【D】 Dai Yong Paul Scherrer Institut Deen Pascale European Spallation Source DiJulio Douglas David European Spallation Source ESS AB Du Wenting Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

【E】 ENE Daniela A. European Spallation Source, ESS-AB Erhan Raul V. Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering Erickson John L Los Alamos National Lab Eshraqi Mohammad European Spallation Source

278 【F】 Fenske Jochen Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Fletcher Matt Science and Technology Facilities Council Franklyn Chris South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Futakawa Masatoshi J-PARC ceter, JAEA

【G】 Gahl Thomas European Spallation Source ESS AB Galambos John ORNL Gallimore Stephen D STFC - RAL Gallmeier Franz X. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Gohran Magnus European Spallation Source ESS Goodway Christopher Michael ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, UK Granada J. Rolando Argentine Atomic Energy Commission Granroth Garrett E. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Guo Jiang Ultrahigh Precision Optics Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN

【H】 Haga Katsuhiro Japan Atomic Energy Agency Hagen Mark Edward European Spallation Source Hall-Wilton Richard J European Spallation Source ESS AB Hanashima Takayasu CROSS-Tokai Harada Hiroyuki J-PARC Center, JAEA Harjo Stefanus J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Hartman Steven M. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Hayashida Hirotoshi Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society Haynes David John STFC,ISIS Hino Masahiro Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University Hiraga Fujio Hokkaido University Hosobata Takuya RIKEN Hu CHUNMING HU Chunming Hu Haitao Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science Huegle Thomas Los Alamos NAtional Laboratory

【I】 Ignatovich Vladimir K. FLNP JINR Iida Kazuki CROSS Ikeda Kazutaka High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Iles Gail N. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Ioffe Alexander Juelich Centre for Neutron Science 279 Ishida Toshinori Hokkaido University Ishikado Motoyuki Comprehesive Research Organization for Science and Society Ishikawa Yoshihisa High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Itoh Shinichi High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Iverson Erik B. Oak Ridge National Laboratory

【J】 Jackson Andrew J European Spallation Source Jones Kevin W. Oak Ridge National Laboratory

【K】 Kajimoto Ryoichi J-PARC Center Kakurai Kazuhisa Japan Atomic Energy Agency Kambara Wataru Japan Atomic Energy Agency Kameda Yasuo Yamagata University Kang Le Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science Kasugai Yoshimi J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Kato Shinichi Graduate School of Sience,Tohoku University Kawakita Yukinobu J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Kawasaki Takuro Japan Atomic Energy Agency Kelsey IV Charles Theodore Los Alamos National Laboratory Kira Hiroshi Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society Kirichek Oleg ISIS, STFC Kiriyama Koji CROSS-Tokai Kiyanagi Yoshiaki Nagoya University Klinkby Esben Bryndt Technical University of Denmark & European Spallation Source Kogawa Hiroyuki Japan Atomic Energy Agency Kokai Zsofia European Spallation Source Konik Peter Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Kulikov Sergey Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Kurihara Kazuo Japan Atomic Energy Agency

【L】 Langridge Sean ISIS Lee Wai Tung Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lin Li Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Linander Rikard European Spallation Source Lindroos Mats Anders European Spallation Source, ESS AB Lu Wei Oak Ridge National Laboratory 280 Lu Weijian Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lyngh Daniel ESS AB

【M】 Martin Rodriguez Damian European Spallation Source ESS AB Masako Yamada RIKEN Matsuyama Daiki the university of Tokyo Mattauch Stefan Juelich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS McGreevy Robert Lee Science & Technology Facilities Council Meigo Shin-ichiro JAEA Mikula Pavol Nuclear Physics Institute ASCR, v.v.i., 25068 Rez, Czech Republic Milocco Alberto University of Milano-Bicocca Mocko Michal Los Alamos National Laboratory Muhrer Guenter European Spallation Source ESS AB Mukhin Konstantin Alexandrovich Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

【N】 Nakajima Kenji J-PARC Center Nakamura Mitsutaka Japan Atomic Energy Agency Nakamura Tatsuya Japan Atomic Energy Agency, J-PARC center, MLF, Neutron Instrumentation Section Nakatani Takeshi J-PARC Naoe Takashi Japan Atomic Energy Agency Narumi Yasuo Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University Niedziela Jennifer Lynn Oak Ridge National Laboratory Niita Koji Research Organization for Information Science and Technology Nojiri Hiroyuki Tohoku Univ. North Matt Richard STFC Nowak Gregor Jacek Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht

【O】 Oden Ulf Karl ESS Lund Sweden Ohhara Takashi J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Ohishi Kazuki CROSS Ohshita Hidetoshi High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Oku Takayuki Japan Atomic Energy Agency Ooi Motoki JAEA Otake Yoshie RIKEN

【P】 Parker Joseph D CROSS-Tokai Peterson Peter F Oak Ridge National Laboratory 281 Pietropaolo Antonino ENEA Frascati Research Centre-Nuclear Technologies Laboratory Pitcher Eric J. European Spallation Source ESS AB Prokhnenko Oleksandr Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Pynn Roger Indiana University

【R】 Ramirez-Cuesta AJ (Timmy) Group Leader Chemical Spectroscopy Raspino Davide STFC - ISIS Reggiani Davide Paul Scherrer Institut Reiss Tibor Paul Scherrer Institut Rhodes Nigel John STFC Rod Thomas Holm European Spallation Source Rouijaa Mustapha Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht

【S】 Sakaguchi Yoshifumi Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society Sakai Kenji Japan Atomic Energy Agency Sakasai Kaoru J-PARC center, JAEA Sano-Furukawa Asami Japan Atomic Energy Agency Saroun Jan Nuclear Physics Institute ASCR, Rez Satoh Setsuo KEK Scheffzuek Christian KIT Karlsruhe Schonfeldt Troels ESS & DTU Nutech Seki Yoshichika RIKEN Seto Hideki High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Shamoto Shinichi Japan Atomic Energy Agency Shea Thomas J European Spallation Source Shibata Kaoru Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, JAEA Shinohara Takenao J-PARC Center Skoro Goran P. ISIS, STFC Smeibidl Peter G Helmholtz Centre Berlin Sobbia Raffaello Paul Scherrer Institut Strobl Markus ESS-AB Sugiyama Hiroyuki Hamamatsu Photonics Suzuki Jun-ichi Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS) Sykora Garrett Jeff STFC-ISIS

【T】 Tagi Kazuhiro Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University Takata Shin-ichi J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency 282 Takeda Masayasu Japan Atomic Energy Agency Takeda Shin Hokkaido University Takibayev Alan European Spallation Source ESS AB Talanov Vadim Paul Scherrer Institut Tanaka Ichiro Ibaraki University Tao Julian Chinese Spallation Neutron Source Tatsumoto Hideki Japan Atomic Energy Agency Taylor Andrew Science and Technology Facilities Council Taylor Jonathan william DMSC -European spallation source Teshigawara Makoto J-PARC JAEA Thomason John STFC, ISIS Thomsen Knud Paul Scherrer Institut Tomoyori Katsuaki Japan Atomic Energy Agency Quantum Beam Science Center Tong Xin oak ridge national lab Trahern Garry European Spallation Source, ESS AB

【U】 Uesaka Mitsuru University of Tokyo, Nuclear Professional School

【V】 Verhoglyadov Alexandr Evgenyevich Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Vettier Christian J European Spallation Source ESS Violini nicolo Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Voigt Jorg J Forschungszentrum Julich

【W】 Wan Tao Nuclear transmutation section, J-PARC Center Westman Carlsson Patrik European Spallation Source ESS AB Willendrup Peter K DTU Physics Wolters Jorg Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Wu Huarui Tsinghua University

【Y】 Yamamoto Kazami J-PARC center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Yamamoto Kazami J-PARC Center, JAEA Yokomizo Hideaki Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society Yokoo Tetsuya High Energy Accelerator Research Organization

【Z】 Zanini Luca ESS Zendler Carolin ESS Zhu Kun Peking University 283 Memo Advertisement

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■J-PARC ビームライン施設に各種 PSD 検出器を納入しております。 We delivered various PSD detectors to J-PARC beam line . ■データ処理基板[NEUNET08]製作開始致しました。 We started a production of data process board [NEUNET08] .

テクノ AP

株式会社テクノエーピー〒312-0012 茨城県ひたちなか市馬渡 2976-15 本基板は、高エネルギー加速器研究機構殿が開発し、株式会社 TEL：029-350-8011 Bee Beans Technologies（BBT）が公開している技術仕様に URL：http//www.techno-ap.com 基づいて，BBT から正規のライセンスを受けて製作しています。 Mail：[email protected] ［案Ⅱ A5 1/2 下レイアウト］

PSD SYSTEM

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LiCAF Specific Features Flexible sheet ‐ n/γ discrimination ‐ Size/shape flexibility for ‐ High light yield Neutron detection ‐ Transparency ‐ Non‐hygroscopicity

Applications

‐ Radiation portal monitor ‐ Handheld survey meter ‐ Wearable monitor ‐ Position sensitive detector

n/γ discrimination performance of LiCAF flexible sheet Flexible neutron scintillator consisting of LiCAF:Eu crystals 400 mm square sheet scintillator 0.5

Tokuyama provides novel scintillator for neutron detection. The scintillator is a flexible sheet consisting Physical and Scintillation 0.4 of LiCAF crystals and performs excellent neutron Characteristics of LiCAF flexible sheet )

detection efficiency and gamma rejection both by 2 pulse height and pulse shape discrimination. Unique 0.3 configuration, in which wavelength shifting (WLS) 6 21 3 fibers are incorporated in the scintillator, makes Li Content 0.9 ~ 4.5 x 10 atoms/cm Neutron efficient light collection possible from large area 0.2 Light yield ~ 18,000 photons/neutron scintillator to small photodetector. Specific features of Counts (cps/cm Gamma the LiCAF sheet in shape‐flexibility and compatibility Decay constant 1.6 μsec (Co‐60) with WLS fiber allow on‐demand design to meet 0.1 detector configuration in various applications. As well Luminescence 370 nm as adequate scintillation performance, productivity wavelength and scalability (~ square meter) of the LiCAF sheet 0.0 realize low cost solution for the replacement of the Density 1.3 ~ 2.0 g/cm3 He‐3 proportional counter especially in security 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Pulse height (Ch) applications. Values are not for specifications Pulse height spectra of LiCAF sheet.

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