Comprehensive Study of Digital Forensics
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Physical and Cyber Crime Detection Using Digital Forensic Approach: a Complete Digital Forensic Tool
Jain Nilakshi et al., International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology. ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295 (Volume3, Issue1) Available online at: www.ijariit.com Physical and Cyber Crime Detection using Digital Forensic Approach: A Complete Digital Forensic Tool Dr. Nilakshi Jain Neha Bhanushali Sayali Gawade Gauri Jawale Information Technology Information Technology Information Technology Information Technology Department Department Department Department Shah and Anchor kutchhi Shah and Anchor kutchhi Shah and Anchor kutchhi Shah and Anchor kutchhi Engineering college Engineering college Engineering college Engineering College nilakshijain1986@gmail. nehabhanushali2017@g [email protected] [email protected] com mail.com Abstract— Criminalization may be a general development that has significantly extended in previous few years. In order, to create the activity of the work businesses easy, use of technology is important. Crime investigation analysis is a section records in data mining plays a crucial role in terms of predicting and learning the criminals. In our paper, we've got planned an incorporated version for physical crime as well as cybercrime analysis. Our approach uses data mining techniques for crime detection and criminal identity for physical crimes and digitized forensic tools (DFT) for evaluating cybercrimes. The presented tool named as Comparative Digital Forensic Process tool (CDFPT) is entirely based on digital forensic model and its stages named as Comparative Digital Forensic Process Model (CDFPM). The primary step includes accepting the case details, categorizing the crime case as physical crime or cybercrime and sooner or later storing the data in particular databases. For physical crime analysis we've used k- means approach cluster set of rules to make crime clusters. -
Guidelines on Mobile Device Forensics
NIST Special Publication 800-101 Revision 1 Guidelines on Mobile Device Forensics Rick Ayers Sam Brothers Wayne Jansen http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-101r1 NIST Special Publication 800-101 Revision 1 Guidelines on Mobile Device Forensics Rick Ayers Software and Systems Division Information Technology Laboratory Sam Brothers U.S. Customs and Border Protection Department of Homeland Security Springfield, VA Wayne Jansen Booz Allen Hamilton McLean, VA http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP. 800-101r1 May 2014 U.S. Department of Commerce Penny Pritzker, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Patrick D. Gallagher, Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and Director Authority This publication has been developed by NIST in accordance with its statutory responsibilities under the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA), 44 U.S.C. § 3541 et seq., Public Law (P.L.) 107-347. NIST is responsible for developing information security standards and guidelines, including minimum requirements for Federal information systems, but such standards and guidelines shall not apply to national security systems without the express approval of appropriate Federal officials exercising policy authority over such systems. This guideline is consistent with the requirements of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130, Section 8b(3), Securing Agency Information Systems, as analyzed in Circular A- 130, Appendix IV: Analysis of Key Sections. Supplemental information is provided in Circular A- 130, Appendix III, Security of Federal Automated Information Resources. Nothing in this publication should be taken to contradict the standards and guidelines made mandatory and binding on Federal agencies by the Secretary of Commerce under statutory authority. -
Digital Forensic Research: Current State-Of-The-Art
Digital Forensic Research: Current State-of-the-Art Sriram Raghavan Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Queensland 4000, AUSTRALIA [email protected] Abstract—Digital Forensics is the process of employing scientific last year, fully 45.6 percent of them reported they’d been the principles and processes analyze electronically stored subject of at least one targeted attack. According to the information to determine the sequence of events which led to a 2010/11 CSI Computer Crime Survey [60], almost 46% of the particular incident. In this digital age, it is important for respondents were affected by at least one form of computer researchers to become aware of the recent developments in this crime. According to 2010 Gallup Computer Crime survey dynamic field and understand scope for the future. The past decade has witnessed significant technological advancements to [73], 11% of American adults report that they were a victim of aid during a digital investigation. Many methodologies, tools and a computer or Internet crime on their home computer in the techniques have found their way into the field designed on past year, up from the 6% to 8% levels found in the previous forensic principles. Digital forensics has also witnessed many seven years. The 2012 Indian Risk survey [71] indicates that innovative approaches that have been explored to acquire and Computer and Internet crime remains the single largest source analyze digital evidence from diverse sources. In this paper, we of national threat at 10.81% closely followed by terrorism at review the research literature since 2000 and categorize 10.43%. -
Current and Future Trends in Mobile Device Forensics: a Survey
Current and Future Trends in Mobile Device Forensics: A Survey KONSTANTIA BARMPATSALOU, TIAGO CRUZ, EDMUNDO MONTEIRO, and PAULO SIMOES, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics (CISUC/DEI), University of Coimbra, Portugal Contemporary mobile devices are the result of an evolution process, during which computational and networking capabilities have been continuously pushed to keep pace with the constantly growing workload requirements. This has allowed devices such as smartphones, tablets and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) to perform increasingly complex tasks, up to the point of efficiently replacing traditional options such as desktop computers and notebooks. However, due to their portability and size, these devices are more prone to theft, to become compromised or to be exploited for attacks and other malicious activity. The need for investigation of the aforementioned incidents resulted in the creation of the Mobile Forensics (MF) discipline. MF, a sub-domain of Digital Forensics (DF), is specialized in extracting and processing evidence from mobile devices in such a way that attacking entities and actions are identified and traced. Beyond its primary research interest on evidence acquisition from mobile devices, MF has recently expanded its scope to encompass the organized and advanced evidence representation and analysis of future malicious entity behavior. Nonetheless, data acquisition still remains its main focus. While the field is under continuous research activity, new concepts such as the involvement of Cloud Computing in the MF ecosystem and the evolution of enterprise mobile solutions – particularly Mobile Device Management (MDM) and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) – bring new opportunities and issues to the discipline. -
A Usability Analysis of the Autopsy Forensic Browser
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Human Aspects of Information Security & Assurance (HAISA 2008) A Usability Analysis of the Autopsy Forensic Browser D.J. Bennett and P. Stephens Department of Computing (Academic), Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, United Kingdom e-mail: {david.bennett, paul.stephens}@canterbury.ac.uk Abstract This paper reviews the usability of the Autopsy Forensic Browser. Two expert-based usability review techniques are used: Cognitive Walkthrough and Heuristic Evaluation. The results of the evaluation indicate that there are many areas where usability could be improved and these are classified into areas of eight overlapping areas. Examples from each area are presented, with suggestions as to methods to alleviate them. The paper concludes with a future work proposal to effect the changes suggested and retest the current and the replacement system with a user-based evaluation. Keywords Usability, Human-Computer Interaction, Interface Design, Autopsy Forensic Browser, The Sleuth Kit, Cognitive Walkthrough, Heuristic Evaluation 1. Introduction This paper reviews the usability of the Autopsy Forensic Browser tool. The reasoning for this is to improve future versions of the tool. In many ways forensic analysis tools are no different to any other mission critical software in terms of the need for usability. However, failure in usability in such tools could lead to outcomes which deny liberty to innocent persons, or enable criminals to continue with criminal activity should an investigation fail in some way. 1.1. Forensics and the Autopsy Forensic Browser Gottschalk et al. (2005) define computer forensics as the identification, preservation, investigation, and documentation of computer systems data used in criminal activity. -
Comparative Evaluation of Mobile Forensic Tools
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322250449 Comparative Evaluation of Mobile Forensic Tools Chapter in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing · January 2018 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73450-7_11 CITATIONS READS 0 486 6 authors, including: John Alhassan Sanjay Misra Federal University of Technology Minna Covenant University Ota Ogun State, Nigeria 40 PUBLICATIONS 16 CITATIONS 302 PUBLICATIONS 1,059 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Adewole Adewumi Rytis Maskeliunas Covenant University Ota Ogun State, Nigeria Kaunas University of Technology 51 PUBLICATIONS 46 CITATIONS 94 PUBLICATIONS 164 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Learning from Failure: Evaluation of Agent Dyads in the Context of Adversarial Classification Game View project Biohashing based on Boolean logic operations View project All content following this page was uploaded by Rytis Maskeliunas on 08 January 2018. Provided by Covenant University Repository The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Comparative Evaluation of Mobile Forensic Tools J. K. Alhassan1(&), R. T. Oguntoye1, Sanjay Misra2, Adewole Adewumi2, Rytis Maskeliūnas3, and Robertas Damaševičius3 1 Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria [email protected] 2 Covenant University, Otta, Nigeria [email protected] 3 Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania [email protected] Abstract. The rapid rise in the technology today has brought to limelight mobile devices which are now being used as a tool to commit crime. Therefore, proper steps need to be ensured for Confidentiality, Integrity, Authenticity and legal acquisition of any form of digital evidence from the mobile devices. -
Extending the Sleuth Kit and Its Underlying Model for Pooled Storage File System Forensic Analysis
Extending The Sleuth Kit and its Underlying Model for Pooled Storage File System Forensic Analysis Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics Jan-Niclas Hilgert* [email protected] Martin Lambertz [email protected] Daniel Plohmann [email protected] © Fraunhofer FKIE Digital Forensic Analysis Slide 2 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE File Systems n Define how data is read from and written to a storage device n Utilize metadata to keep order of the data stored n File systems differ in many aspects EXT2FS HFS NTFS n Extensive background knowledge is required for a forensic analysis n But not always existent Slide 3 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE File System Forensic Analysis De-Facto Standard Model Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis Volume Volume n Universal model for a file system Analysis forensic analysis n Presented by Brian Carrier in 2005 File System n Consists of four interdependent steps File Analysis n Implemented in The Sleuth Kit Application Analysis Slide 4 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE File System Forensic Analysis De-Facto Standard Model Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis n Works great on a lot of established file systems Volume Volume Analysis EXT2FS NTFS File System HFS File Analysis n Problem: It hasn’t been reviewed or changed since its publication Application Analysis Slide -
Digital Forensics Tutorials – Analyzing a Disk Image in Kali Autopsy
Digital Forensics Tutorials – Analyzing a Disk Image in Kali Autopsy Explanation Section About Disk Analysis Once the proper steps have been taken to secure and verify the disk image, the actual contents of the image must be analyzed for suspicious or incriminating evidence. When looking at the contents of an image, it is necessary to not only look at the clearly visible contents such as folders on the desktop and images in user files, but the image must also be checked for hidden, encrypted, or deleted files. It is always better to assume that a suspect may have known that they were to be investigated and took steps to hide, delete, or otherwise make it difficult to find the information they had been storing on their USB or computer. About Kali Linux Sleuth Kit and Autopsy Autopsy and Sleuth Kit are open source digital investigation tools that run on Windows, Linux, OS X, and other Unix systems. Autopsy is the custom front-end application of Sleuth Kit. They can be used to analyze disk images and perform in-depth analysis of file systems (such as NTFS, FAT, Ext3) and several volume system types. Examiners and analysts can use the Autopsy graphical interface or the Sleuth Kit command line tools to conduct an investigation. In this case, we will be launching the Autopsy graphical interface via the Sleuth Kit command line. Autopsy/Sleuth Kit allow for an examiner to open a .dd or other type of disk image file, hash the file, and search for files and other information contained within the file. -
A User-Oriented Network Forensic Analyser
A USER-ORIENTED NETWORK FORENSIC ANALYSER 1 1 1,2 1,2 D. Joy , F. Li , N.L. Clarke and S.M. Furnell 1Centre for Security, Communications and Network Research (CSCAN) Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom 2Security Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia [email protected] Abstract Network forensics is becoming an increasingly important tool in the investigation of cyber and computer- assisted crimes. Unfortunately, whilst much effort has been undertaken in developing computer forensic file system analysers (e.g. Encase and FTK), such focus has not been given to Network Forensic Analyser Tools (NFATs). The single biggest barrier to effective NFATs is the handling of large volumes of low-level traffic and being able to exact and interpret forensic artefacts and their context – for example, being able extract and render application-level objects (such as emails, web pages and documents) from the low-level TCP/IP traffic but also understand how these applications/artefacts are being used. Whilst some studies and tools are beginning to achieve object extraction, results to date are limited to basic objects. No research has focused upon analysing network traffic to understand the nature of its use – not simply looking at the fact a person requested a webpage, but how long they spend on the application and what interactions did they have with whilst using the service (e.g. posting an image, or engaging in an instant message chat). This additional layer of information can provide an investigator with a far more rich and complete understanding of a suspect’s activities. To this end, this paper presents an investigation into the ability to derive high-level application usage characteristics from low-level network traffic meta-data. -
The Sleuth Kit (TSK)/Autopsy Software Version: Version 3.2.2/Version 2.24
The Sleuth Kit (TSK) 3.2.2/Autopsy 2.24 Test Results for Deleted File Recovery and Active File Listing Tool July 2, 2014 This report was prepared for the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate Cyber Security Division by the Office of Law Enforcement Standards of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. For additional information about the Cyber Security Division and ongoing projects, please visit www.cyber.st.dhs.gov. July 2014 Test Results for Deleted File Recovery and Active File Listing Tool: The Sleuth Kit (TSK) 3.2.2/Autopsy 2.24 Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 How to Read This Report .................................................................................................... 1 1 Results Summary .......................................................................................................... 2 1.1 FAT ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 ExFat ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 NTFS ............................................................................................................................4 1.4 ext ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 HFS+ ..................................................................................................................... -
Increasing Digital Investigator Availability Through Efficient Workflow Management and Automation
INCREASING DIGITAL INVESTIGATOR AVAILABILITY THROUGH EFFICIENT WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT AND AUTOMATION Ronald In de Braekt*, Nhien-An Le-Khac†, Jason Farina†, Mark Scanlon†, M-Tahar Kechadi† *Korps Nationale Politie, Netherlands. †School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Ireland. [email protected], {an.lekhac, mark.scanlon,tahar.kechadi}@ucd.ie, [email protected] Abstract The growth of digital storage capacities and diversity devices has had a significant time impact on digital forensic laboratories in law enforcement. Backlogs have become commonplace and increasingly more time is spent in the acquisition and preparation steps of an investigation as opposed to detailed evidence analysis and reporting. There is generally little room for increasing digital investigation capacity in law enforcement digital forensic units and the allocated budgets for these units are often decreasing. In the context of developing an efficient investigation process, one of the key challenges amounts to how to achieve more with less. This paper proposes a workflow management automation framework for handling common digital forensic tools. The objective is to streamline the digital investigation workflow - enabling more efficient use of limited hardware and software. The proposed automation framework reduces the time digital forensic experts waste conducting time-consuming, though necessary, tasks. The evidence processing time is decreased through server-side automation resulting in 24/7 evidence preparation. The proposed framework increases efficiency of use of forensic software and hardware, reduces the infrastructure costs and license fees, and simplifies the preparation steps for the digital investigator. The proposed approach is evaluated in a real-world scenario to evaluate its robustness and highlight its benefits. -
Practical Investigations of Digital Forensics Tools for Mobile Devices Maynard Yates II, M.S
Practical Investigations of Digital Forensics Tools for Mobile Devices Maynard Yates II, M.S. Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Department of Computer and Information Sciences Technical Building A, Room 211 Tallahassee, FL 32307-5100 [email protected] ABSTRACT A few examples of these changes are: With the continued growth of the mobile device market, the Correspondence: Postal mail → Electronic mail (E- possibility of their use in criminal activity will only continue to mail) → SMS messages (text messages) increase. While the mobile device market provides a great variety of manufactures and models causing a strong diversity. It Telecommunications: Telephones → car powered cell becomes difficult for a professional investigator to choose the phones→ battery powered cell phones proper forensics tools for seizing internal data from mobile Calendar: Secretary → Day Planner→ Personal Data devices. Through this paper, we will give a comprehensive Assistant (PDA)→ “Smartphone” perspective of each popular digital forensic tool and offer an inside view for investigators to choose their free sources or commercial tools. In addition, a summary for the future direction As technology continues to permeate society and mobile for forensics tools in mobile devices. computing becomes more prevalent, people will more heavily depend on applications such as e-mail, SMS (Short Message Service), MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) and online Categories and Subject Descriptors transactions (i.e. bank, ins, etc); such devices provide a good K.4.1. [Computers and Society]: Public Policy Issues - abuse source of evidence for forensic investigators to prove or disprove and crime involving computers; D.4.6 [Operating Systems]: the commitment of crimes or location of suspects/victims [6].