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Extending the Sleuth Kit and Its Underlying Model for Pooled Storage File System Forensic Analysis

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Extending the Sleuth Kit and Its Underlying Model for Pooled Storage File System Forensic Analysis Extending The Sleuth Kit and its Underlying Model for Pooled Storage File System Forensic Analysis Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics Jan-Niclas Hilgert* [email protected] Martin Lambertz [email protected] Daniel Plohmann [email protected] © Fraunhofer FKIE Digital Forensic Analysis Slide 2 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE File Systems n Define how data is read from and written to a storage device n Utilize metadata to keep order of the data stored n File systems differ in many aspects EXT2FS HFS NTFS n Extensive background knowledge is required for a forensic analysis n But not always existent Slide 3 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE File System Forensic Analysis De-Facto Standard Model Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis Volume Volume n Universal model for a file system Analysis forensic analysis n Presented by Brian Carrier in 2005 File System n Consists of four interdependent steps File Analysis n Implemented in The Sleuth Kit Application Analysis Slide 4 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE File System Forensic Analysis De-Facto Standard Model Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis n Works great on a lot of established file systems Volume Volume Analysis EXT2FS NTFS File System HFS File Analysis n Problem: It hasn’t been reviewed or changed since its publication Application Analysis Slide 5 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE File System Forensic Analysis Trying TSK on ZFS jhilgert:ZPool$ fsstat disk1 Cannot determine file system type Slide 6 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Pooled Storage File Systems Old File System Mapping FAT32 NTFS Ext4 Block Device Block Device Block Device StorageStorage StorageStorage StorageStorage Storage Storage Storage DeviceDevice DeviceDevice DeviceDevice Device Device Device n Storage devices (hard drives, solid state drives ...) are somehow used to create new block devices n One file system is assigned to one of these block devices Slide 7 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Pooled Storage File Systems New Approach Filesystem Filesystem Filesystem Storage Pool StorageStorage StorageStorage StorageStorage Storage Storage Storage DeviceDevice DeviceDevice DeviceDevice Device Device Device n Storage Devices are combined to form a storage pool n Its configuration depends completely on the implementation n File systems share the available space from the storage pool Slide 8 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Requirements – Detect Pool Members Filesystem Filesystem Filesystem Storage Pool StorageStorage StorageStorage StorageStorage Storage Storage Storage DeviceDevice DeviceDevice DeviceDevice Device Device Device Slide 9 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Requirements – Detect Pool Members Filesystem Filesystem Filesystem Storage Pool StorageStorage StorageStorage StorageStorage Storage Storage Storage DeviceDevice DeviceDevice DeviceDevice Device Device Device Slide 10 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Requirements – Detect Pool Configurations Filesystem Filesystem Filesystem Storage Pool StorageStorage StorageStorage StorageStorage Storage Storage Storage DeviceDevice DeviceDevice DeviceDevice Device Device Device Slide 11 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Requirements – Analyze a Complete Pool Filesystem Filesystem Filesystem Storage Pool StorageStorage StorageStorage StorageStorage Storage Storage Storage DeviceDevice DeviceDevice DeviceDevice Device Device Device Slide 12 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Requirements – Access Correct Offsets on Physical Disks Filesystem Filesystem Filesystem Storage Pool StorageStorage StorageStorage StorageStorage Storage Storage Storage DeviceDevice DeviceDevice DeviceDevice Device Device Device Slide 13 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Requirements – Access All Filesystem Data Filesystem Filesystem Filesystem Storage Pool StorageStorage StorageStorage StorageStorage Storage Storage Storage DeviceDevice DeviceDevice DeviceDevice Device Device Device Slide 14 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Requirements – Deal with Incomplete Pools Filesystem Filesystem Filesystem Storage Pool StorageStorage StorageStorage StorageStorage Storage Storage Storage DeviceDevice DeviceDevice DeviceDevice Device Device Device Slide 15 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE File System Forensic Analysis Phyiscal Media Analysis Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis Volume Volume Analysis n Acquisition of data from storage devices n Data is only seen as a sequence of bytes n No change necessary File System Analysis File Application Analysis Slide 16 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE File System Forensic Analysis Application Analysis Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis Volume Volume Analysis n Performs an application-level analysis of the acquired files n Works on already recovered and File System File collected files Analysis n No change necessary Application Analysis Slide 17 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Volume Analysis Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis Volume Volume Analysis n Data is searched for its underlying volume structure n Returns detected volumes (block devices) File System Analysis File Application Analysis Slide 18 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Volume Analysis Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis Volume Volume Analysis n Pooled storage file systems implement their own “volume manager” n Established volume managers are still used File System Analysis File n Volumes can also be part of a pool n Volume analysis is still necessary Application Analysis Slide 19 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Pool Analysis Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis Volume Volume Analysis Reconstructed File PoolSystem Pool Analysis File n Volumes or data need to be analyzed ApplicationFile System for possible pool membership File Analysis n Using the file systems volume manager results in a reconstructed pool n Only high-level access Application Analysis n No file system analysis possible Slide 20 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Pool Analysis Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis Volume Volume Analysis Reconstructed Pool Pool (Direct Access) Pool Analysis Pool Member n File system data and metadata is File System essential for a file system analysis File Analysis n Direct access to the pool and its members is required n Mapping schema of the file Application system needs to be known Analysis Slide 21 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Pool Analysis Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis Volume Volume Analysis Reconstructed Pool Pool (Direct Access) Pool Analysis Pool Member n Volumes do not need to be part of a pool File System File n Important: Pool analysis is file system Analysis dependent Application Analysis Slide 22 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model File System Analysis Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis Volume Volume Analysis Reconstructed Pool Pool (Direct Access) Pool Analysis Pool Member n Each volume is searched for a file system File System File n File system analysis can be performed Analysis on the pool with direct access Application Analysis Slide 23 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Extension of the Standard Model Extended Model Physical Storage Media Sectors of Data Device Analysis Volume Volume Analysis Reconstructed Pool Pool (Direct Access) Pool Analysis Pool Member n Prototypically implemented for ZFS File System File Analysis Application Analysis Slide 24 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Pooled Storage File Systems ZFS – Volume Management n First presented in 2003 (more than a decade ago) n Available for major platforms like Solaris, FreeBSD, Linux, MacOS n ZFS combines multiple volumes into a storage pool n Pool members are identified by four vdev-labels L1 L2 Data L3 L4 Storage Device (Vdev) Slide 25 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Pooled Storage File Systems ZFS – Volume Management n Pools in ZFS consist of one or more top-level virtual devices (vdevs) n Data is striped across all of these top-level vdevs Data ZFS Pool Top-Level Top-Level Top-Level Vdev Vdev Vdev Slide 26 August 8th, 2017 © Cyber Analysis & Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Pooled Storage File Systems ZFS – Volume
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