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The Influence of the Red-Headed Chief

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The Influence of the Red-Headed Chief Discovering John Colter • Remembering Gail M. Stensland • Patrick Gass’s Journal Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation May 2014 Volume 40, No. 2 The Influence of the Red-Headed Chief Wiliam Clark’s Post-Expedition Interaction with Indian Nations EXPERIENCE LEWIS & CLARK EXPEDITION STYLE Visit recreated Corps of Discovery campsites, hike to a scenic waterfall, explore the shoreline by expedition landing craft, and dine on fantastic regional specialties from sustainable farms and wineries along our route. Explore the Columbia & Snake Rivers aboard the 62-guest National Geographic Sea Bird or Sea Lion. Bene t from a historian, naturalists, a geologist, and Lindblad- National Geographic certi ed photo instructor. 7 DAYS | SEPT. & OCT. 2014 Sept 23: Travel With Corps of Discovery Expert, Stephenie Ambrose Tubbs Oct 10: Peak Foliage Photo Expedition With National Geographic Photographer Rich Reid TM Call 1.800.EXPEDITION or your travel agent for details or learn more at expeditions.com/lewisandclark Contents Message from the President 2 L&C Roundup: Unfinished Columbia Gorge monument 5 comes down Remembering: Gail M. Stensland 6 Letters: John Guice addresses President Gorski 7 The Influence of the Red-Headed Chief: William 8 Black Moccasin, p. 8 Clark’s Post-Expedition Interaction with Indian Nations By Jim Hardee “Worthy of Notice”: The Journal of 19 Sergeant Patrick Gass By Barb Kubik Discovering John Colter: New Research 25 on His Family and His Death By Timothy Forrest Coulter Reviews: The Perilous West, by Larry E. Morris; 29 The Indianization of Lewis and Clark, by William R. Swagerty Patrick Gass, p. 20 Along the Trail: Lewis and Clark National Historical Park 32 On the cover: William Clark portrait by Joseph H. Bush, courtesy Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky. John Colter, p. 25 We Proceeded On welcomes submissions of articles, proposals, inquiries, and letters. Writer’s guidelines are available by request and can be found on our website (www.lewisandclark.org). Submissions may be sent to Robert Clark, WSU Press, P.O. Box 645910, Pullman, WA 99164-5910, or by email to [email protected]. President’s Message A Message from the President May 2014 • Volume 40, Number 2 We Proceeded On is the official publication As I thought about what I should Trail.” As the Trail Stewardship Advi- of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Founda- tion, Inc. Its name derives from a phrase that share with Lewis and Clark Trail Her- sory Committee predicted, opening appears repeatedly in the collective journals of itage Foundation members and We the program to other nonprofit orga- the expedition. ©2014 Proceeded On readers, I couldn’t help nizations has increased the competi- E. G. Chuinard, M.D., Founder, We Proceeded On but get excited about what feels like a tion for the funding and the quality of ISSN 02275-6706 renewed energy among our ranks for the projects. Since the need is so great Editor working on projects that carry out across the entire Lewis and Clark Trail, Robert A. Clark the mission of our organization. I am I would expect this healthy competi- Washington State University Press humbled by the work being done by tion to continue. To more fully address Volunteer Proofreaders H. Carl Camp and Jerry Garrett our volunteers, board, and staff to keep the needs expressed in these grant Publisher our organization vital and relevant. I applications, we need a comparable Washington State University Press am immensely grateful for your work. grant program for educational proj- Pullman, Washington Our office in Great Falls is ticking ects. Currently, educational projects Editorial Advisory Board along quite nicely, improving commu- compete with trail infrastructure, pub- Wendy Raney, Chair Barbara Kubik Cascade, MT Vancouver, WA nication with our chapters and find- lic access, and preservation projects, Jay H. Buckley Glen Lindeman ing ways to enhance our membership which is often like comparing apples Provo, UT Pullman, WA services. Our committees are hard at to oranges. H. Carl Camp J.I. Merritt work identifying new avenues to reach Omaha, NE Pennington, NJ In order to strengthen our role Robert C. Carriker Robert Moore, Jr. out to old and new partners, revamp- expressed in the first half of our mot- Spokane, WA St. Louis, MO ing our website, researching ways to to—“Keepers of the Story”—I am Carolyn Gilman Gary E. Moulton make past issues of We Proceeded On announcing an aggressive fund rais- Washington, DC Lincoln, NE more accessible to scholars and mem- ing initiative, approved by your Board James Holmberg Philippa Newfield Lousville, KY San Francisco, CA bers, professionalizing our library and of Directors, called the “Double the Membership Information archives, and refreshing our vision and DAR” Education Campaign. mission statements to capture who we Membership in the Lewis and Clark Trail Her- The Raymond Darwin “Dar” Bur- itage Foundation, Inc. is open to the public. are and what we value as an organi- roughs Education Fund is one of the Information and applications are available by writing Membership Coordinator, Lewis and zation. We are particularly proud of Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foun- Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, P. O. Box the Trail Stewardship Advisory Com- dation’s restricted funds. Established 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403 or on our website. mittee’s work this year. Ten grants to in 1991 by Margaret Norris in mem- We Proceeded On, the quarterly magazine of the Foundation, is mailed to current mem- six chapters and four other non-profit ory of her father, it honors a longtime bers in February, May, August, and November. organizations totalling over $50,000 friend and board member of the Lewis Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and were awarded to complete various trail and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation America: History and Life. stewardship projects in nine states. and the author of Natural History of Annual Membership Categories: Every year improvements are made to the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1961). Student: $30 the grant process. A brief biography of “Dar” Bur- Individual $49 Individual 3-Year: $133 The Bicentennial Trail Steward- roughs, written by Robert Carriker, Family/International: $65/$70 ship Grant Program is a great exam- can be found in the 1995 reprint of Trail Partner: $200 Heritage Club: $100 ple of how effective a little bit of fund- this book. In reading more about Dar, Explorer Club: $150 ing can be in jump-starting projects I could not help but notice that the Jefferson Club: $250 Discovery Club: $500 that have local passion and commit- last half of his career with the Michi- Lifetime: $995, $2,500, and $5,000 ment behind them. The program has gan Department of Conservation was The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, enhanced our organization’s ability spent administering the department's Inc. is a tax-exempt nonprofit corporation. Individ- ual membership dues are not tax deductible, The to be a leader in realizing one part of conservation education division, and portion of premium dues over $40 is tax deductible. our motto—of being “Stewards of the managing teacher training and edu- 2 We Proceeded On February 2014 cation programs. It was during this fect sense why this fund was set up to time he also prepared his Natural His- fund youth activities and educational tory of the Lewis and Clark Expedi tion efforts. “Dar” stands tall among the for publication. So it now makes per- long line of scholars who have built R. Darwin Burroughs (1899–1976) from We Proceeded On 2(4):7 (December 1976). Officers, directors, and members of the ral history of the exploring enterprise. Foundation were saddened to learn of His 329-page volume, The Natural the death of Foundation Director Ray- History of the Lewis and Clark Expe- LEWIS AND CLARK mond Darwin Burroughs on October dition, was published by the Mich- AMONG THE NEZ PERCE Strangers in the Land of the Nimiipuu 31, 1976. igan State University Press in 1961. By Allen V. Pinkham and We have enjoyed his presence and In 1966 he contributed a monograph Steven Ross Evans $29.95 HARDCOVER · 332 PAGES friendship at annual meetings in 1972 titled “The Lewis and Clark Expedi- 52 B&W ILLUS., 5 MAPS at Helena, Montana, and at Seaside, tion’s Botanical Discoveries,” which This extraordinary new look at Lewis and Oregon, in 1974, where he was the appeared in the January issue of Nat- Clark among the Nez Perce represents a breakthrough in Lewis and Clark studies. recipient of the Foundation’s Award ural History magazine. In recent years Lewis and Clark Among the Nez Perce is the of Meritorious Achievement. He also he has been working on and had first richly detailed exploration of the attended the annual meeting in 1975 at completed the manuscript for a vol- relationship between Mr. Jefferson’s Corps of Discovery and a single tribe. Bismarck, North Dakota, and at Great ume titled "Game Trails of Lewis and Falls, Montana, in August of this year. Clark." Last year he prepared for WPO Born in Iowa on August 20, 1899, he an interesting article published in Vol. spent his early years in Nebraska where 2, No. 1, titled “Lewis and Clark in he attended Nebraska Wesleyan Uni- Buffalo Country.” versity and graduated with a bachelor’s In recent years he has resided in Fay- degree in 1924. He received his mas- etteville, New York, with his daughter ter’s degree from Princeton University and family, and each summer has seen in 1925. His major interest and grad- him traveling throughout the west vis- uate training was in the field of biol- iting friends and relatives, and attend- ogy.
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