Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
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Issue 1 | 6 November 2017
This report takes into account the particular instructions and requirements of our client. It is not intended for and should not be relied upon by any third party and no responsibility is undertaken to any third party.
Job number Job number
Ove Arup & Partners Ireland Ltd
Arup 50 Ringsend Road Dublin 4 D04 T6X0 Ireland www.arup.com
Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
Contents
Page
1 Introduction 1
2 Methodology 2 2.1 Introduction 2 2.2 Assessment Methodology 2 2.3 Sound reduction values 2 2.4 Monitoring methodology 3
3 Baseline Environment 6 3.1 Introduction 6 3.2 Attended 6 3.3 Unattended 7 3.4 Adjusted monitoring data 8
4 Impact Assessment 8 4.1 Introduction 8 4.2 Glazing type 1 – 4mm/12mm/4mm 9 4.3 Glazing type 2 – 6mm/12mm/6mm 9 4.4 Glazing type 3 – 10mm/12mm/6mm 10 4.5 Glazing type 4 – 10mm/12mm/6mm 11
5 Conclusions and Recommendations 11
6 References 12
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
Executive Summary
Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. intends to apply for planning permission for development of student accommodation and residential buildings at the Blake’s site, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin. A noise impact assessment has been undertaken in order to predict the glazing type requirements for compliance with relevant internal noise limits. Baseline noise surveys were undertaken at five locations at the site boundary over daytime and night-time in order to capture the noise levels on site. Measured noise levels were dominated by traffic noise. Predictions of internal noise levels were made based on the sound reduction values from various types of glazing (all double paned). These levels are compared to internal noise limits, to ensure compliance. The assessment has demonstrated that the desired intrusive noise levels can be achieved using a standard double glazing unit such as Glazing Type 2. As the detailed design progresses and final glazing selections become available, they will be reviewed to ensure that they provide an equivalent (or better) level of performance. This is expected to provide sufficient sound reductions to achieve good compliance with the internal noise design levels. It is proposed to provide a standby generator at the location of the ESB substation to the south of the site. The generator is standby and only operates in the event of power failure and during testing.
1 Introduction
Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. intends to apply for planning permission for development at the Blake’s Site in Stillorgan, Co. Dublin. The site is bound to the north by the Lower Kilmacud Road, to the east by the N11 dual-carriageway, to the west by The Hill Road and to the south by a privately owned residence and garden. The development will consist of the demolition of the existing buildings, associated infrastructure and car parking areas on the site to allow for the construction of student accommodation and residential buildings. Ancillary retail, restaurant/café and public spaces are also proposed. This noise impact assessment has been prepared to form part of the planning application for the Blake`s development. The purpose of this report is to assess the requirements for glazing types along the façades of the proposed development to ensure that internal noise design levels are complied with. This is achieved by undertaking baseline noise monitoring and applying reduction factors at specific frequencies, based on design standards. The predicted internal noise levels are then compared to appropriate standards and compliance is stated.
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
The focus of this report is on the noise transfer into the proposed building through windows, with some discussion on vents. These will be the main sources of environmental noise transfer into the building. The assessment also considers the potential impact of the proposed generator on adjoining residential property.
2 Methodology
2.1 Introduction This section outlines the assessment methodology, including the noise design levels, the sound reduction values applied in the impact assessment and the baseline monitoring methodology.
2.2 Assessment Methodology The assessment undertaken predicts the internal noise levels that would be expected in a building based on baseline data with specific glazing reduction factors applied. These factors are based on the type of glazing used i.e. single, double, pane thickness etc. and are taken from BS 6262:2005 Part 2 Glazing for buildings – Code of practice for energy, light and sound outlines sound reduction. The calculated internal values were then compared to design levels for various land uses presented in BS 8223:2014 Guidance on sound insulation and noise reduction for buildings. The assessment considers four scenarios, all double glazed of varying thickness.
2.2.1 Noise design levels BS 8233 specifics noise design levels for each type of property use. Table 1 outlines design level ranges that are applicable to the proposed development. Table 1: Noise design level ranges for varying land uses/activity
Primary land use Activity Design level range (dB) LAeq,T Residential Daytime resting (Daytime) 35 Night-time sleeping (Night-time) 30 Education Work requiring concentration 35-40
2.3 Sound reduction values BS 6262:2005 outlines sound reduction values that can be applied to external noise levels in determining internal noise. The reduction values outlined are based on the type of window glazing applied to the building and are a function of the glazing type, thickness and gap spacing. The use of glazing presents a worst case façade for noise reduction with higher reductions being achieved through other facades e.g. blockwork, insulation products.
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
Sound reduction values are applied to each third-octave sound pressure level obtained from monitored data. BS 6262 states that “for general building acoustics, the octave frequency bands are 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, 4000Hz”. Therefore, these octave bands have been selected for the application of reduction values. Table 2 presents reduction levels based on the installation of double glazing, in accordance with BS 6262, as double glazing is proposed for the development. Table 2: Double glazing sound reduction levels.
Double glazing One third-octave band centre frequency (Hz) resultant sound Glass width / cavity reductions (dB) width / glass width 125Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1000Hz 2000Hz 4000Hz 4mm/12mm/4mm 21 15 25 36 39 31
6mm/12mm/6mm 23 18 29 39 33 40
10mm/12mm/4mm 24 22 32 37 44 42
10mm/12mm/6mm 25 29 34 39 37 46
2.4 Monitoring methodology
2.4.1 Introduction A baseline noise survey was undertaken on the 8 and 9 of May, 2017 in order to quantify the existing environment. The survey was conducted in general accordance with ISO 1996: Acoustics – Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise (Part 1 & Part 2) (ISO, 2003 & 2007). Cognisance was also given to the Guidance Document Guidance Note for Noise: Licence Applications, Surveys and Assessments in relation to Scheduled Activities (NG4), (EPA, 2012). This document provides overall guidance on carrying out noise surveys including setting up the noise meter, time periods, and survey lengths. Daytime is defined as 07:00 to 19:00, evening time as 19:00- 23:00 and night time is defined as 23:00 to 07:00.
2.4.2 Survey locations Five monitoring locations (N1-N5) were chosen along the proposed development boundary in order to quantify the baseline noise environment for the site. These locations are representative of the worst case receptors in terms of noise exposure i.e. due to the close proximity to the N11 national road and the R825 link road, or both. Long term (24-hr) monitoring was carried out at the eastern boundary of the proposed development. Long term monitoring was unable to be undertaken along the northern boundary of the proposed development as no suitable safe location
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
could be obtained. Short term monitoring was carried out at this location instead and is deemed sufficient for the purposes of this assessment. These five locations are presented in Figure 1. The monitoring location coordinates are presented in Table 4.
Table 4: Monitoring Locations
Monitoring Long term / Coordinates Location short term Easting Northing N1 320269 227999 N2 320322 228018 Short term N3 320352 228029 N4 320322 228017 N5 Long term 320380 227987
Figure 1: Noise monitoring locations © BingMaps2017
2.4.3 Instrumentation A Brüel & Kjær 2250 Light Class 1 Sound Level Meter was utilised to carry out the noise assessment. This meter complies with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Specification for Sound Level Meters. The noise meter was calibrated before and after each measurement using a Brüel & Kjær 4231 Acoustic Calibrator. A windshield was used to provide the microphone with effective wind protection
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
2.4.4 Measurement parameters The following parameters were recorded and reported:
LAeq – this is the continuous steady sound level during the sample period and effectively represents an average value.
LA10 – this is the sound level that is exceeded for 10% of the sample period. It is typically used as a descriptor for traffic noise.
LA90 – this is the sound level that is exceeded for 90% of the sample period. It is typically used as a descriptor for background noise. The “A” suffix denotes the fact that the sound levels have been “A-weighted” in order to account for the non-linear nature of human hearing. In addition to the above parameters, the frequency spectrum of each of the surveys were recorded. The frequency spectrum is applied to the relevant specific frequency related sound reduction factors, refer to Table 2.
2.4.5 Monitoring methodology
2.4.5.1 Attended The noise meter was positioned approximately 1.5 metres above ground level. Noise levels were recorded over 30 minute intervals for daytime. The results were noted onto a survey record sheet immediately following each sample, and were also saved to the instrument memory for later analysis. Survey personnel noted all primary noise sources contributing to noise build-up. Following completion of the surveys the logged data was downloaded onto a computer and specialised software was then used to analyse the data. Sampling (logging) intervals of 30 minutes were used for daytime surveys in line with EPA Guidance. The sound level meter was attended, and unusual noise events were noted if and when they occurred. Surveys were conducted on the 8th and 9th May 2017.
2.4.5.2 Unattended Continuous unattended measurements were conducted for 24 hours on 8th and 9th May 2017, at N5 shown in Figure 9.1. The unattended measurements were recorded at a height of 4 m and noise measurements were automatically logged every hour. Monitoring personnel noted the location and surrounding of both locations in order to ensure that no obstacles would have cause to affect the results. The main sources of noise are from the N11 road.
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
2.4.6 Meteorological conditions Meteorological conditions over the monitoring periods are set out in Table 5 below, as taken from Casement Aerodrome weather station data, the nearest meteorological station to the site, approximately 15km from the proposed development.
Table 5: Meteorological conditions for all survey periods
Date Rainfall Max Temp Min Temp Mean Wind Speed (mm) (°C) (°C) (m/s)
08/05/2017 0 12.7 4.7 4.5
09/05/2017 0 13.1 3.5 2.5
3 Baseline Environment
3.1 Introduction In order to determine the baseline noise environment along the proposed development boundary, daytime, evening time and night-time surveys were undertaken at five monitoring locations, N1 –N5. The results from each survey are outlined below in Table 6. 24-hr monitoring was undertaken at one location, N5. Refer to Table 7 for monitoring details.
3.2 Attended Daytime noise surveys were undertaken at four locations (N1-N4) along the proposed development boundary, refer to Figure 1. The relevant parameters recorded are presented in Table 6 below and a description of noise sources is also provided.
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
Table 6: Daytime monitoring results
Monitoring Survey LAeq LA10 LA90 Notes Location Time
N1 09/05/17 65 69 54 Noise at this location was dominated by passing traffic 14:38- on the R825 and more distant N11 traffic. The proximity 15:08 to the R825 and Old Dublin Road and N11 junction results in some revving of heavy goods vehicles during take-off. This is also amplified by the gradient on the R825. Other noise sources included; pedestrian noise, heavy goods vehicles idling and one internal movement within the car park. N2 09/05/17 63 65 57 As per N1. 15:10- Other noise sources included; pedestrian noise, heavy 15:40 goods vehicles idling, one internal movement within the car park, one bus stopping and taking off at the adjacent bus stop and a car horn. N3 09/05/17 66 68 59 Noise at this location was dominated by the N11 and 15:35- R825 intersection. The proximity to the R825 and N11 15:40 junction results in some revving of heavy goods vehicles during take-off. N4 08/05/17 66 70 59 As per N2. 15:52- The monitoring tripod was placed on top of a concrete 15:22 block at this locations. This resulted in a direct line of sight between the monitor and all traffic movement on the R825 and N11 junction and explains the increased noise levels compared to N2.
3.3 Unattended 24-hr unattended noise survey was undertaken at one location (N5) along the proposed development boundary, refer to Figure 1. The relevant parameters recorded are presented in Table 7 and a description of noise sources is also provided. Table 7: Daytime monitoring results
Monitoring Survey Time LAeq LA10 LA90 Notes Location
N5 Day 63 66 55 During set up and take down, noise at this (07:00-19:00) location was dominated by traffic on the N11. No internal noise sources were audible and the Evening 60 63 53 location was secured to prevent personnel from (19:00-23:00) interfering with the measurements. Night 55 59 44 (23:00-07:00)
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
3.4 Adjusted monitoring data As discussed in Section 2.3, the frequency spectrum of measured noise is used for the application of reduction factors in determining internal noise levels. Table 8 presents the frequency spectrum for the baseline data and the calculated LAeq values based on these spectra. In addition, the calculated LAeq values have been adjusted to estimate noise levels at the façade of the highest (6th) floor. This adjustment has been calculated using SoundPLAN modelling software, based on monitoring data and using the R825 and N11 as a noise source. Table 8: Frequency spectrum of monitored data
Monitoring Time Frequency Spectrum of Monitored Data (Hz) Calculated Factored Location LAeq from noise level 125 250 250 1000 2000 4000 frequency at highest LAeq (dB) range floor 125Hz to (dB) 4kHz (dB) N1 Day 44 49 53 59 53 45 61 63 N2 Day 42 47 49 56 50 41 58 60 N3 Day 45 49 54 59 52 42 61 63 N4 Day 41 49 53 60 53 44 62 64 N5 Day 42 48 50 57 49 41 59 61 N5 Evening 41 47 48 53 49 40 56 58 N5 Night 37 44 46 47 41 32 51 53
4 Impact Assessment
4.1 Introduction The impact assessment predicts the internal noise levels in the proposed building, based on the measured baseline data and relevant sound reduction factors. These predicted internal noise levels are then compared to design guidance values outlined in BS 8233 for various development types. In all cases, the lower design level has been used in order to ensure good compliance with the design level range. The design assumptions used in this assessment are based on potential double glazing type for the development, as outlined in BS 6262 and in Section 2.3 of this report. Four types of double glazing have been considered for this assessment; Glazing Type 1 – Glass/ cavity width /glass of 4mm/12mm/4mm
Glazing Type 2 - Glass/ cavity width /glass of 6mm/12mm/6mm
Glazing Type 3- Glass/cavity width /glass of 10mm/12mm/4mm
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
Glazing Type 4 - Glass/cavity width /glass of 10mm/12mm/6mm
4.2 Glazing type 1 – 4mm/12mm/4mm Table 9 presents the calculated internal noise levels for Glazing Type 1. Refer to Table 2 for the sound reduction levels applied to the baseline values to determine internal noise levels. Table 9 also states whether the predicted internal noise levels are in compliance with the two design values specified for the proposed development. Table 9: Results for glazing type 1
Time Monitoring Factored Reduction Predicted Compliant with design levels? location measured due to internal boundary glazing value level type 1 (dB) Residential Education (dB) (dB) daytime design level (design level 35dB LAeq,T, night- 35dB LAeq,T) time design level 30dB LAeq,T ) Day N1 63 25 38 No No Day N2 60 25 35 Yes Yes Day N3 63 26 37 No No Day N4 64 26 38 No No Day N5 61 25 36 No Yes Evening N5 58 24 34 Yes Yes Night N5 53 21 32 No Yes
4.3 Glazing type 2 – 6mm/12mm/6mm Table 10 presents the calculated internal noise levels predicted for Glazing Type 2. Refer to Table 2 for the sound reduction levels applied to the baseline values to determine internal noise levels. Table 10 also states whether the predicted internal noise levels are in compliance with the two design values specified for the proposed development.
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
Table 10: Results for glazing type 2
Time Monitoring Factored Reduction Predicted Compliant with design levels? location measured due to internal boundary glazing value level type 2 (dB) Residential Education (dB) (dB) daytime design level (design level 35dB LAeq,T, night- 35dB LAeq,T) time design level 30dB LAeq,T ) Day N1 63 28 35 Yes Yes Day N2 60 28 32 Yes Yes Day N3 63 29 34 Yes Yes Day N4 64 29 35 Yes Yes Day N5 61 28 33 Yes Yes Evening N5 58 27 31 Yes Yes Night N5 53 24 29 Yes Yes
4.4 Glazing type 3 – 10mm/12mm/6mm Table 11 presents the calculated internal noise levels predicted for Glazing Type 3. Refer to Table 2 for the sound reduction levels applied to the baseline values. Table 11 also states whether the predicted internal noise levels are in compliance with the two design values specified for the proposed development. Table 11 Results for glazing type 3
Time Monitoring Factored Reduction Predicted Compliant with design levels? location measured due to internal boundary glazing value level type 3 (dB) Residential Education (dB) (dB) daytime design level (design level 35dB LAeq,T, night- 35dB LAeq,T) time design level 30dB LAeq,T ) Day N1 63 32 31 Yes Yes Day N2 60 31 29 Yes Yes Day N3 63 32 31 Yes Yes Day N4 64 32 32 Yes Yes Day N5 61 31 30 Yes Yes Evening N5 58 30 28 Yes Yes Night N5 53 28 25 Yes Yes
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
4.5 Glazing type 4 – 10mm/12mm/6mm Table 12 presents the calculated internal noise levels predicted for Glazing Type 4. Refer to Table 2 for the sound reduction levels applied to the baseline values to determine internal noise levels. Table 12 also states whether the predicted internal noise levels are in compliance with the two design values specified for the proposed development. Table 12 Results for glazing type 4
Time Monitoring Factored Reduction Predicted Compliant with design levels? location measured due to internal boundary glazing value level type 4 (dB) Residential Education (dB) (dB) daytime design level (design level 35dB LAeq,T, night- 35dB LAeq,T) time design level 30dB LAeq,T ) Day N1 63 35 28 Yes Yes Day N2 60 35 25 Yes Yes Day N3 63 35 28 Yes Yes Day N4 64 36 28 Yes Yes Day N5 61 35 26 Yes Yes Evening N5 58 34 24 Yes Yes Night N5 53 33 20 Yes Yes
4.6 Potential Off-site Impact of Generator It is proposed to provide a standby generator at the location of the ESB substation to the south of the site. The generator is standby for the life safety system and only operates in the event of power failure and during daytime testing. It is expected that the generator will be tested for approximately five minutes on a monthly basis and for approximately one hour every six months. The generator is located in close proximity to the residence “Dún Fanóir”. However, due to the minimal operation of the generator, the testing of the generator during daytime only and the elevated existing noise environment no significant impact is expected.
5 Conclusions and Recommendations
Results obtained from the impact assessment are summarised in Table 13. For each type of room use, the minimum standard of glazing needed to achieve the required internal design level has been stated. In all cases, the lower design level
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
has been used in order to ensure good compliance with the design range and the highest measured noise level applied. Table 13: Minimum glazing requirement for each development use
Room use Activities Design level range (dB) Minimum requirement LAeq,T of glazing based on highest internal noise value and lowest design level Residential Sleeping (Daytime) 35 Glazing Type 2 (daytime resting) (Night-time) 30 6mm/12mm/6mm Educational Work requiring 35-40 Glazing Type 2 concentration 6mm/12mm/6mm The assessment has demonstrated that the desired intrusive noise levels can be achieved using a standard double glazing unit such as Glazing Type 2. As the detailed design progresses and final glazing selections become available, they will be reviewed to ensure that they provide an equivalent (or better) level of performance. This is expected to provide sufficient sound reductions to achieve good compliance with the internal noise design levels. Note, this assessment only considers road noise as a source. Any potential plant noise associated with the proposed development are not considered. There is also the potential for noise transfer into the buildings through vents on the façade of the building. This potential should be minimised through the provision of acoustically rated trickle vents. The vent requirements for each façade will be calculated during detailed designed based on the method given in BS8233. It is proposed to provide winter gardens on the apartment blocks. This will result in a further reduction of traffic noise levels within the proposed buildings. During detailed design a façade specification document will be produced that contains performance requirements for glazed systems, vents and flanking noise transfer. These systems will be developed in accordance with performance requirements. No significant impact is expected due to the temporary operation of the standby generator proposed for the site.
6 References
British Standard, 2014. BS 8233:2014 Guidance on sound insulation and noise reduction for buildings. British Standard, 2005.BS 6262-2:2005 Glazing for buildings – Part 2: Code of practice for energy, light and sound. EPA, 2012. Guidance Note for Noise: Licence Applications, Surveys and Assessments in relation to Scheduled Activities (NG4), (EPA, 2012).
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Cairn Homes Properties Ltd. Blake’s Noise Impact Assessment
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 2002. IEC 61672-1: Electroacoustics – Sound Level Meters – Part 1: Specifications. IEC, Geneva, Switzerland. International Standards Organisation (ISO), 2003. ISO 1996-1: Acoustics – Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise, Part 1: Basic Quantities and Assessment Procedures. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland. ISO, 2007. ISO 1996-2: Acoustics – Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise, Part 2: Determination of environmental noise levels. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland. ISO, 1996. ISO 9613: Acoustics – Attenuation of sound outdoors, Part 2: General method of calculation. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland.
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