DOCSLIB.ORG

Non-Marital Cohabitation in Italy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Non-Marital Cohabitation in Italy Non-Marital Cohabitation in Italy Christin Löffler ii Universität Rostock Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum politicarum (Dr. rer. pol.) der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Rostock vorgelegt von Christin Löffler (geb. Schröder), geb. am 12. August 1980 in Parchim Rostock, 31. März 2009 iii Acknowledgements This dissertation project was funded by the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock (MPIDR) and by the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. I thank both for giving me the opportunity to carry out this research. For their useful advice and suggestions I am deeply grateful to my supervisors, Professors Laura Bernardi and Peter A. Berger. My work further profited from the highly valuable comments of my colleagues at the MPIDR and in particular from the discussions and remarks offered by the members of the Independent Research Group “Culture of Reproduction.” I also highly appreciate my interviewees’ readiness to share their private experiences and views with me. Without that readiness, this study would not have been possible! For language editing I thank David Harrison. Last but not least, I am very grateful to my husband Falko for his continuous support throughout the last couple of years. iv Table of Contents Index of Tables ...........................................................................................................ix Index of Figures...........................................................................................................x List of Abbreviations...................................................................................................xi Part I Theoretical Considerations Introduction............................................................................................................ - 3 - Chapter 1 Cohabitation in an International Perspective......................................................... - 9 - 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ - 9 - 1.2 Family Development in Europe from 1960 onwards ............................................ - 9 - 1.3 The Evolution of Cohabitation in a European Perspective .............................. - 14 - 1.4 Marriage and Cohabitation in Italy: Strong Regional Variations ..................... - 18 - 1.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ - 24 - Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................ - 27 - 2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... - 27 - 2.2 Theoretical Considerations on Transition to Cohabitation in Italy ................. - 27 - 2.2.1 Diffusion Theory ............................................................................................................... - 27 - 2.2.2 Europe’s Second Demographic Transition .............................................................................. - 29 - 2.2.3 The Welfare State Approach ............................................................................................... - 31 - 2.2.3.1 The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism ....................................................................... - 31 - 2.2.3.2 Institutional Fragmentation and Clientelism.................................................................... - 33 - 2.2.4 Labor Market Approach ................................................................................................... - 34 - 2.2.5 The Gender Perspective ....................................................................................................... - 36 - 2.2.6 The Role of Family Ties and Religion ................................................................................... - 39 - 2.3 Understanding the Development of Cohabitation in Italy ............................... - 40 - 2.3.1 Italy in the Context of Europe’s Second Demographic Transition ................................................ - 40 - 2.3.2 The Impact of Formal and Informal Institutions ...................................................................... - 43 - 2.3.2.1 Formal Institutions .................................................................................................... - 43 - 2.3.2.2 Informal Institutions ................................................................................................... - 45 - 2.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ - 48 - v Part II Empirical Investigations Chapter 3 Research Questions and Research Design ...........................................................- 55 - 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... - 55 - 3.2 Research Questions ............................................................................................. - 55 - 3.3 The Mixed-Method Design of the Study ........................................................... - 58 - 3.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ - 61 - Chapter 4 Measuring the Impact of Education on Entry into Cohabitation in Italy............- 63 - 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... - 63 - 4.2 Hypotheses ........................................................................................................... - 63 - 4.3 Quantitative Research Design and Data ............................................................ - 66 - 4.3.1 Event History Data and Analysis ........................................................................................ - 66 - 4.3.2 Data and Model Description ............................................................................................... - 67 - 4.4 Results .................................................................................................................. - 70 - 4.4.1 Impact of Individual Characteristics ...................................................................................... - 70 - 4.4.1.1 Spread of Informal Unions .......................................................................................... - 70 - 4.4.1.2 Influence of the Employment Situation ............................................................................ - 72 - 4.4.1.3 Late Entry into Cohabitation ....................................................................................... - 72 - 4.4.1.4 Impact of a Woman’s Own Level of Education and Educational Attendance ......................... - 73 - 4.4.2 Impact of Family Background Factors ................................................................................... - 75 - 4.4.2.1 Impact of Parents’ Education ....................................................................................... - 75 - 4.4.2.2 The Opposite Side of the Coin: Impact of Parents’ Education on Direct Marriage ................... - 79 - 4.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ - 80 - Chapter 5 Qualitative Research Design: Cohabitation in Two Different Regional Settings - 85 - 5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... - 85 - 5.2 Qualitative Research Design and Data .............................................................. - 85 - 5.2.1 The Qualitative Approach .................................................................................................. - 85 - 5.2.2 The Settings: Bologna and Cagliari ....................................................................................... - 88 - 5.2.3 Data Collection ................................................................................................................. - 92 - 5.2.4 Sample Description ............................................................................................................- 96 - 5.2.5 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................. - 98 - 5.3 Presentation of Typical Cases for Bologna and Cagliari ................................ - 103 - 5.3.1 Bologna: Eleonora, age 34, cohabiting and childless ................................................................ - 104 - 5.3.2 Cagliari: Patrizia, age 38, cohabiting and childless ................................................................. - 105 - 5.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... - 107 - vi Chapter 6 The Transition to and Meaning of Cohabitation................................................- 109 - 6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ - 109 - 6.2 The Transition to Cohabitation ........................................................................ - 110 - 6.2.1 Bologna: Gaining Experiences of Life Separately ................................................................... - 110 - 6.2.2 Cagliari: Gaining Experiences of Life Together ..................................................................... - 112 - 6.2.3 Comparing the Transition
Load more

Recommended publications
  • At the Roots of the Italian Unbalanced Welfare State: the Grip of Cognitive Frames and “Red-White” Political Competition
    At the roots of the Italian unbalanced welfare state: the grip of cognitive frames and “red-white” political competition by Maurizio Ferrera, Matteo Jessoula and Valeria Fargion Draft Paper prepared for the Seminar organized by Banca d’Italia Area - Ricerca economica e relazioni internazionali Rome, 18 March 2013 Matteo Jessoula Dept. of Social and Political Sciences University of Milan Maurizio Ferrera Dept. of Social and Political Sciences University of Milan Valeria Fargion Dept. of Political Science and Sociology University of Florence 1 1. Introduction Born at the end of the XIX century in response to the challenges stemming from modernization, the welfare state involved risk socialization by institutionalizing solidarity and introducing a new type of rights: social rights, that is entitlement to cash benefits and/or in kind service provision in case of sickness, unemployment, work injury, old age and so on. The timing and the temporal sequence of introduction of social protection schemes as well as their institutional profiles have varied greatly both across and within countries, with decisive consequences on individuals’ life chances.. The literature has outlined several dimensions which are relevant to distinguish between different types of welfare systems. Two of these dimensions are particularly relevant: the functional dimension and the distributive ( or distributional) dimension. The first refers to risks and needs which may be differently covered and protected by social protection schemes.. The second has to do with the differential protection – in terms of coverage/non coverage, level of benefits and eligibility rules – for the different social groups. In the first half of the XX century and even more during the Golden Age (1945-75) all countries made remarkable progresses along both dimensions by enlarging the “basket” of risks protected and expanding population coverage.
    [Show full text]
  • What Makes the Difference
    Universität Konstanz Rechts-, Wirtschafts-, und Verwaltungswissenschaftliche Sektion Fachbereich Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft Magisterarbeit to reach the degree in Political Science SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN PUBLIC PENSION REFORM: THE ITALIAN EXPERIENCE Supervised by: Prof. Dr. Ellen Immergut, Humboldt-Universität PD Dr. Philip Manow, Max-Planck Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Presented by: Anika Rasner Rheingasse 7 78462 Konstanz Telephon: 07531/691104 Matrikelnummer: 01/428253 8. Fachsemester Konstanz, 20. November 2002 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. The Puzzle ............................................................................................................................... 1 2. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Special Characteristics of the Italian Political System during the First Republic ................... 3 2.1.1. The Post-War Party System and its Effects..................................................................... 4 2.2. The Transition from the First to the Second Republic ............................................................ 7 2.2.1. Tangentopoli (Bribe City) ............................................................................................... 7 2.2.2. The Restructuring of the Old-Party System ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 6PAS99.VP:Corelventura
    JONAHPOLITICS D. &LEVY SOCIETY Vice into Virtue? Progressive Politics and Welfare Reform in Continental Europe JONAH D. LEVY For over half a century, the development of the welfare state has served as the principal means by which left-progressive governments have reconciled the pur- suit of efficiency with the pursuit of equity. From a Keynesian perspective, wel- fare spending—and the taxes that financed it—provided an “automatic stabi- lizer,” smoothing aggregate demand in the face of fluctuations in the business cycle.1 From a corporatist perspective, welfare spending greased the wheels of “political exchange,” compensating powerful, mobilized labor movements for their acceptance of wage restraint.2 And even during the initial years of neoliberal- ism, welfare spending helped secure popular acquiescence to market reform, making intensified international competition and job loss more acceptable to the masses.3 In the 1990s, however, in the age of globalization, heightened concerns about budget deficits, and retiring baby boomers, welfare spending has come under intense pressure.4 The fact that the left is in power in an unprecedented number of European countries—France, Italy, Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and now Germany—is not necessarily grounds for celebration. As luck would have it, left- ist electoral planets have entered into alignment at precisely the moment when fis- cal constraints have become extremely tight. With welfare expansion giving way An earlier version of this paper was presented to the European Forum on Recasting the European Welfare State: Options, Constraints, Actors, at the European University Institute, Florence, Italy, 21 October 1998. I wish to thank the following for their advice and critical comments: Suzanne Berger, Fred Block, Ruth Collier, Giuseppe Di Palma, Maurizio Ferrera, Susan Giaimo, Anton Hemerijck, Richard Locke, Julia Lynch, Paul Pierson, Gloria Regonini, Martin Rhodes, Andrew Tauber, Margaret Weir, and John Zysman.
    [Show full text]
  • Escholarship California Italian Studies
    eScholarship California Italian Studies Title Trade Unions and the Origins of the Union-Based Welfare State in Italy (1950s-1970s) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xz0x8qj Journal California Italian Studies, 3(2) Author Agnoletto, Stefano Publication Date 2012 DOI 10.5070/C332008994 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Trade Unions and the Origins of the Union-Based Welfare State in Italy (1950s-1970s) Stefano Agnoletto 1. A Union-Based Welfare State During the second half of the twentieth century, Italy, like many other European countries, experienced the birth and growth of a specific kind of welfare state. It was the consequence of various international influences in the context of the Cold War as well as the result of controversial actions of different internal actors. The purpose of this article is to explore the actions of some of these internal actors and their consequences for the definition of the Italian welfare state. Specifically, the object of this essay is to identify the role played by trade unions in defining the Italian model of state social policy in the period following World War II. This essay proposes an interpretation which identifies trade unions as main actors in the consolidation, albeit difficult and slow, of the welfare system in Italy. Consequently, this enquiry into the “Italian way” also discusses some traditional explanations and classifications proposed in the literature about the welfare state, welfare regimes, and the welfare society. This essay introduces the concept of a “Union Based Welfare State” in order to describe the Italian experience and as a descriptive category useful for comparative analyses generally.
    [Show full text]
  • Universita' Degli Studi Di Padova
    UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE ECONOMICHE ED AZIENDALI “M.FANNO” CORSO DI LAUREA MAGISTRALE / SPECIALISTICA IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION TESI DI LAUREA “FISCAL IMPACT OF MIGRATION IN HOST COUNTRIES” RELATORE CH.MA PROF.SSA DONATA FAVARO LAUREANDA SILVIA BRAGGION MATRICOLA N. 1084755 ANNO ACCADEMICO 2016 – 2017 2 Il candidato dichiara che il presente lavoro è originale e non è già stato sottoposto, in tutto o in parte, per il conseguimento di un titolo accademico in altre Università italiane o straniere. Il candidato dichiara altresì che tutti i materiali utilizzati durante la preparazione dell’elaborato sono stati indicati nel testo e nella sezione “Riferimenti bibliografici” e che le eventuali citazioni testuali sono individuabili attraverso l’esplicito richiamo alla pubblicazione originale. Firma dello studente _________________ 3 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 1. MIGRATION FLOWS AND STOCKS. DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Recent developments of migratory flows with a brief historical overview ............................. 11 1.2 Push and pull factors of migration .......................................................................................... 16 1.3 A portrait of foreign population in the European Union ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Employment, VET and Social Policies in Italy
    STUDY Requested by the EMPL committee Employment, Vocational Education and Training and Social Policies in Italy A review of employment, VET and social policies Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies Directorate-General for Internal Policies Authors: SAMEK LODOVICI M., CREPALDI C., ORLANDO N., NICO G., ROMANIELLO D. EN PE 631.050 - February 2019 Employment, Vocational Education and Training and Social Policies in Italy A review of employment, VET and social policies Abstract This document presents recent developments in the social, employment and VET situation and policies in Italy. The report provides an assessment of the recent evolution of key economic, social, and labour market trends in Italy, and an overview of current employment, VET and social policies. The document was prepared by Policy Department A at the request of the European Parliament’s Committee on Employment and Social Affairs. This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs. AUTHORS Manuela SAMEK LODOVICI, Chiara CREPALDI and Nicola ORLANDO, IRS-Istituto per la Ricerca Sociale Gianluigi NICO, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Faculty of Economics Davide ROMANIELLO, University of Rome Tre, Faculty of Economics ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE Aoife KENNEDY EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Roberto BIANCHINI LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR Policy departments provide in-house and external expertise to support EP committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising
    [Show full text]
  • Public Health Institutions in Italy in the 20Th Century
    2021-4204-AJMS-HIS – 22 APR 2021 th 1 Public Health Institutions in Italy in the 20 Century 2 3 Only recently studied by Italian historiography, public health is one of the 4 most important sectors of a modern Welfare system. During the Twentieth 5 century Italy faced the hygienic and sanitary problem often with different 6 ways and tools than other European countries. The aim of this article is to 7 understand better the attitude and the development of the main public health 8 institutions, both at the central and peripheral level, during the three great 9 phases that marked the history of Italy in the last century: the liberal age, 10 fascism and the Republic, as well as to highlight the organisations, men and 11 structures that exercised decisive functions in the bureaucratic and 12 administrative State machine. The essay focuses on the most significative 13 legislative measures (for example, the “Testi Unici” of 1907 and 1934) and 14 the turning points that have changed the sector on the institutional plan, 15 from the creation of the Directorate-General for Public Health inside the 16 Ministry of the Interior, and destined to remain for the entire Fascist period, 17 to the birth, in the post-war years, of the High Commission for Hygiene and 18 Public Health, then replaced by the Ministry of Health, until the 19 establishment of the National Health Service in 1978. 20 21 Keywords: Welfare State, social policies, public health, assistance, 22 institutions 23 24 25 Introduction 26 27 Italian historiography has only recently addressed the field of medicine 28 and public health.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rising Invisible Majority When Fiction Meets Social Science
    The Rising Invisible Majority When Fiction Meets Social Science By Emanuele Ferragina & Alessandro Arrigoni A period of political and economic turmoil calls for a new analytical framework to be developed. Drawing upon the tools of social science and fiction, the “Rising Invisible Majority” project examines how the shifts of a long-term political economy rendered a large share of its population ‘invisible’. “I don’t think we did go blind, I think we are blind, Blind but seeing, Blind people who can see, but do not see” (Blindness, Saramago, 1997). The ‘Rising Invisible Majority’ project began informally in 2013 as a reflection on the transformation of Italian society. The work originates from the encounter of two different intellectual perspectives that we developed separately in our academic research. The first relates to international political economy and precarization; the second to welfare state institutions and social change. Our starting point was to go beyond analyses of what we should do to reduce precarization and inequalities, and to investigate the social forces that contribute to the transformation of obsolete institutional structures and to governmental policy making. The comments we received when presenting our book, La Maggioranza Invisibile (Ferragina & Arrigoni 2014)—in political clubs, trade union meetings, libraries, universities, occupied squats, theatres, pubs and associations—offered encouragement enough to elaborate an assessment of the Italian experience, and to compare this with European counterparts (Ferragina et al. Forthcoming). We mixed social science with fiction, and employed Saramago’s dystopian imagery—of a nation whose entire citizenry go blind—as the metaphor to describe how shifts of a long-term political economy can render a large share of its population ‘invisible’.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Way to Welfare 4.0 – Digitalisation in Italy
    Josef Schmid and Rolf Frankenberger On the Way to Welfare 4.0 – Digitalisation in Italy politics for europe # 2017 plus FRIEDRICH-EBERT-STIFTUNG politics for europe # 2017 plus Europe needs social democracy! Why do we really want Europe? Can we demonstrate to its citizens the opportunities arising from a common social policy and a strong social democracy in Europe? That is the goal of the new Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung project “Politics for Europe”. To show that European integration can – and must – be brought about on a robust democratic, social-economic and foreign policy basis. The project focuses on the following areas: – Democratic Europe – Economic and social policy in Europe – Foreign and security policy in Europe The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung will address the topic in numerous publications and events between 2015 and 2017: we shall address citizens’ concerns, identify positions together with decision-makers and make alternative policy approaches clear. We want to conduct a debate with you on a “politics for Europe”. Further information on the project can be found at: http://www.fes.de/de/politik-fuer-europa-2017plus/ Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung was founded in 1925 and thus is steeped in tradition. It remains committed to its namesake’s legacy and promotes the basic values of social democracy: freedom, justice and solidarity. Ideologically it is linked to social democracy and the free trade unions. The FES promotes social democracy primarily in the following ways: – political education to strengthen civil society; – policy advice; – international cooperation with foreign bureaus in over 100 countries; – scholarship schemes; – the collective memory of social democracy, including the Archive and Library of Social Democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Old and New Fascism: Race, Citizenship, and the Historical and Intellectual Context of Casapound Italia
    Old and New Fascism: Race, Citizenship, and the Historical and Intellectual Context of CasaPound Italia by Caitlin Hewitt-White A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Social Justice Education University of Toronto © Copyright by Caitlin Hewitt-White 2015 Old and New Fascism: Race, Citizenship, and the Historical and Intellectual Context of CasaPound Italia Caitlin Hewitt-White Masters of Arts Social Justice Education University of Toronto 2015 Abstract CasaPound Italia is a contemporary fascist movement in Italy. An anti-capitalist movement, CasaPound has emerged under neoliberal conditions of youth unemployment and privatization of education. Although CasaPound uses tactics not typically associated with the extreme right, it shares several features with traditional Italian fascism. Like past fascist movements, CasaPound claims to offer an alternative to capitalism, communism, and the limits of a corrupt political spectrum. It also shares with past fascist movements a populist opportunism that feeds on the middle class's real frustrations, and rearticulates these in anti-immigrant racism. Despite these similarities, CasaPound denies that it is racist. This thesis argues that CasaPound's conscious inheritance of the legacies of Ezra Pound, Giovanni Gentile, and Julius Evola undermines its claims to be non-racist. Its activism further undermines these claims. This thesis also argues that CasaPound's emergence has been made possible by exclusionary and racialized citizenship practices central to hegemonic liberal democracy. ii Acknowledgments Thank you to the administrative staff at OISE for helping me navigate the institution's various policies, forms, and deadlines. Thank you to my classmates and instructors at OISE for feedback on earlier versions of chapters of this thesis, and for lively discussions we had in class.
    [Show full text]
  • The Partisan Politics of Family and Labor Market Policy Reforms in Southern Europe
    The Partisan Politics of Family and Labor Market Policy Reforms in Southern Europe Reto Bürgisser University of Zurich July 2020 Abstract This chapter sheds light on the role of political parties as social investment protagonists, consenters, or antagonists in the reform of labor market and family policies in Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Drawing on original, hand-coded data of three decades of labor market and family policy reforms in Southern Europe, the findings show divergent social investment trajectories. While Spain and Portugal have started to develop contours of a social investment agenda, little progress has been made in Italy and Greece. Programmatic political competition and government partisanship play a role in accounting for these divergent trajectories. Center- left parties have acted as the primary social investment protagonists in Spain, Portugal, and Italy. However, the Italian center-left remains fragmented and has rarely been in government. In stark contrast, both center-right and center-left parties in Greece have acted as social investment antagonists. Political and economic turmoil in the wake of the Eurozone crisis paint a bleak picture for the further development of social investment in Southern Europe. Once fiscal constraints can eventually be overcome, a core question remains to what extent an inclusive social investment coalition can be formed in an ever more fragmented political landscape. Keywords: social investment; social compensation; Southern Europe; family policy; labor market policy; activation; government partisanship Forthcoming in: Garritzmann, J., S. Häusermann, and B. Palier (eds.): The World Politics of Social Investment (Volume II): The Politics of Varying Social Investment Strategies. Oxford University Press.
    [Show full text]
  • The Italian Welfare State After the Financial Crisis
    Journal of Modern Italian Studies ISSN: 1354-571X (Print) 1469-9583 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rmis20 The Italian welfare state after the financial crisis Julia Lynch To cite this article: Julia Lynch (2014) The Italian welfare state after the financial crisis, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 19:4, 380-388, DOI: 10.1080/1354571X.2014.929821 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/1354571X.2014.929821 Published online: 11 Aug 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 300 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rmis20 Download by: [University of Pennsylvania] Date: 09 January 2018, At: 07:54 Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 2014 Vol. 19, No. 4, 380–388, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354571X.2014.929821 The Italian welfare state after the financial crisis Julia Lynch University of Pennsylvania Abstract The essential characteristics of the Italian welfare state as it developed after the Second World War generated social cleavages and inequities that affected the Italian economy and provided grist for future reforms. At the same time, the welfare state provided political actors with incentives and resources that constrained attempts at reform. With the financial crisis beginning in 2008, serious reform was no longer optional. But austerity politics have generated pressures for changes to the welfare state which are unlikely to moderate most of the underlying inequities generated by the post-war system. Going forward, Italian policymakers must chart a path that is informed by efforts to overcome the pathologies of the past without further undermining the social and economic health of the country.
    [Show full text]