Cartoons: a Very Few Terms & Facts

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Cartoons: A very few terms & facts Are usually humorous illustrations (“humoristique”) cartoons are also called “funnies” in the US. Except for “editorial cartoons,” whose tone is more serious. The term “cartoon” was first used in 1843 by Punch magazine for its satirical drawings. Cf. Punch cartoonists like John Leech (1792-1878). See example below (“A brutal fellow”). George Cruikshank (see drawing at left) is another famous cartoonist from the 19th century. He is also renowned for his illustrations of Charles Dickens’s novels. Cartoonists [US and UK] are artists who draw cartoons (“dessins humoristiques”), comic strips (US) = cartoon strips (UK) (“bandes dessinées” au sens de “planches de bandes dessinées”), comic books = comics (“BD” ou “bandes dessinées” au sens d’“albums de BD”), and/or graphic novels (“romans graphiques”). Panels: A panel is the name given to each individual drawing. There are single-panel cartoons (only 1 drawing) or multiple-panel cartoons (in a sequence of cartoons). Square boxes can be used to separate panels but there are many examples of lineless panels. Gag cartoons are funny drawings whose caption is usually found under the drawing, not in speech balloons. Example: Peter Arno in The New Yorker (see left ). Gag-a-day strips (“gags indépendants”) are funnies complete in one drawing or in one sequence (= 1 issue of a magazine) whereas continuity strips (“histoires à suivre”) develop over a series of issues. Balloons or Speech balloons: “bulles” Captions: “légendes" Editorial cartoons are more serious in tone: they can use humor, but also irony and satire in order to underline a political / social point made in an article. Comic strips (US) = comics (US) = funnies (US) = cartoon strips (UK): short series of cartoons in sequence. Cf. Charles Schulz (Peanuts), Bill Watterson (Calvin and Hobbes), Scott Adams (Dilbert), Mort Walker (Beetle Bailey). See illustrations below. Charles Schulz (Peanuts) Bill Watterson (Calvin and Hobbes) N.B. : faucet (US): “robinet” Scott Adams (Dilbert) Mort Walker (Beetle Bailey) N.B.: on K.P. = on kitchen patrol (or kitchen police) duty: “de corvée de cuisine”; on latrine duty = "de corvée de…" .

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