A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes Francisco José POYATO-ARIZA Unidad de Paleontología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid (Spain)
[email protected] Sylvie WENZ Laboratoire de Paléontologie, UMR 8569, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)
[email protected] Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002. — A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1) : 139-248. ABSTRACT The present paper provides a revision of the pycnodontiform fish genera that are based on articulated material. The results of the first cladistic analysis on the interrelationships of the order Pycnodontiformes Berg, 1937 are also pre- sented: it is based on 105 characters for 33 taxa. The monophyly of the order, of the suborder Pycnodontoidei Nursall, 1996, and of the family Pycnodontidae Agassiz, 1833 sensu Nursall 1996b (in large sense) are confirmed; the “suborder Gyrodontoidei” appears, in contrast, as a para- phyletic group. The revision of the historic nomenclatural problems and the hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships show that the genera Eomesodon Woodward, 1918, Coelodus Heckel, 1854, and Palaeobalistum Blainville, 1818, as previously recognized, were not natural assemblages. The new genera Apomesodon n. gen., Ocloedus n. gen., Oropycnodus n. gen., and Abdobalistum n. gen., together with two new species (Apomesodon surgens n. gen., n. sp. and KEY WORDS Abdobalistum thyrsus n. gen., n. sp.), are erected to locate former species of Actinopterygii, Pycnodontiformes, those non-monophyletic genera. The subfamilies Proscinetinae n. rank, revision, Pycnodontinae n. rank, and Nursalliinae n. rank, are also proposed, together cladistics, with the superfamily Pycnodontoidea n.