EEL 4914 Senior Design Project: SHAPER (Smart Home Automated Power Expense Regulator)
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EEL 4914 Senior Design Project: S.H.A.P.E.R (Smart Home Automated Power Expense Regulator) GROUP 18 Name: Juan Aleman Name: Maria Alfonso Name: Gregory Pierre Name: Francine Vassell Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary 1 2.0 Project Description 2 2.1 Project Motivation and Goals 2 2.2 Objectives 4 2.3 Project Specifications and Requirements 4 2.3.1 Hardware Requirements 5 2.3.1.1 Microcontroller 5 2.3.1.2 Occupancy Sensor 5 2.3.1.3 Ambient Light Sensor 6 2.3.1.4 Dimmable Light Bulb 6 2.3.1.5 Wireless Device 6 2.3.2 Software Requirements 7 3.0 Research related to Project Definition 7 3.1 Existing Similar Projects and Products 7 3.1.1 Homeseer 7 3.1.2 Control4 8 3.1.3 Creston 9 3.1.4 DKC Automation 10 3.2 Relevant Technologies 10 3.2.1 Power Monitoring 11 3.2.1.1 Estimated Appliance Operating Cost List According to Duke Energy 11 3.2.1.2 Analysis of data 14 3.2.1.3 Power Monitoring Options 15 3.2.2 Wireless Networks and Communication 16 3.2.2.1 Wi-Fi 16 3.2.2.2 Bluetooth 17 3.2.2.3 Near Field Communication (NFC) 17 3.2.3 Electronics Power Supply 18 3.2.3.1 Lead Acid Battery 18 3.2.3.2 PowerSwitch Tail 18 3.2.3.3 Relays 20 3.2.4 Occupancy and Ambient Light Sensors 20 3.2.4.1 Occupancy Sensor 21 3.2.4.1.1 Ultrasonic 21 3.2.4.1.2 Passive Infrared (PIR) 21 3.2.4.1.3 Software Cameras by Using Software 22 3.2.4.1.4 Microwave 23 3.2.4.2 Ambient Light Sensor 23 3.2.4.2.1 Photo Resistor 24 3.2.4.2.2 Photo Diode 24 3.2.4.2.3 Photo Transistor 25 3.2.5 Mobile Operating System Compatibility 25 ii | P a g e 3.2.5.1 Mac OS 26 3.2.5.2 iOS 27 3.2.5.3 Android OS 27 3.2.5.4 Microsoft Windows OS 29 3.2.5.5 Windows Phone OS 30 3.2.6 Microcontroller 31 3.2.6.1 Microcontroller Families 32 3.2.7 LCD Screen 33 3.2.8 Power Inverter 35 3.2.9 Light Bulb Dimmer 36 3.3 Strategic Components 38 3.4 Possible Architectures and Related Diagrams 39 3.4.1 Block Diagrams 40 3.4.1.1 System Input / Output Workflow 40 3.4.1.2 Occupancy and Dimmable Sensor Process 41 3.4.1.3 Application Software Control Process 41 3.4.1.4 Energy Monitoring System Process 42 3.4.2 Devices / Elements Interface Sketch 43 4.0 Related Standards and Constraints 45 4.1 Design impact of relevant standards 45 4.1.1 Table of Powering Monitoring and Wireless Network Communication Standards 45 4.1.2 Table of Occupancy Sensors and Ambient Light Sensor Standards 46 4.1.3 Table of Operating System Compatibility Standards 46 4.1.4 Table of Electronics Power Supply, Microcontroller, LCD Screen, Power Inverter and Light Bulb Dimmer Standards 47 4.2 Realistic Design Constraints 48 4.2.1 Economic and Time constraints 48 4.2.2 Environmental, Social, and Political constraints 49 4.2.3 Ethical, Health, and Safety constraints 50 4.2.4 Manufacturability and Sustainability constraints 51 5.0 Project Design Details 52 5.1 Initial Hardware Design Architectures and Related Diagrams 52 5.2 Hardware Design 55 5.2.1 Central Hub 56 5.2.1.1 Microcontroller 56 5.2.1.2 PIR Motion Sensor with Embedded Microcontroller 69 5.2.1.3 Bluetooth Component 74 5.2.1.4 Light Dimmer Circuit 75 5.2.2 Power Monitoring Nodes 77 5.2.2.1 Microcontroller and Bluetooth Component 78 5.2.2.2 Power Monitoring IC 81 5.3 Software Design 83 5.3.1 Microcontroller 84 iii | P a g e 5.3.2 Dimmable Lighting System 86 5.3.3 Thermostat Capability 89 5.3.4 LCD interface 90 5.3.5 Bluetooth Remote and Sensor 91 5.4 Additional Design Components 92 5.4.1 Dimmable Light Bulbs 93 5.4.2 Ambient Light Sensors 94 5.4.3 AC Thermostat 95 5.4.4 LCD Screen 98 5.4.5 Relay 98 5.4.6 Lead Battery 99 5.4.7 Power Inverter 99 5.5 Mobile Operating System Design 100 5.5.1 Android Selection 100 5.5.2 Android Application Designing Software 102 5.5.3 Android Application Design Logic 102 5.5.3.1 Home Screen Design Logic 103 5.5.3.2 Power Monitoring Design Logic 103 5.5.3.3 Lighting Control System Design Logic 105 5.5.3.4 Cooling Control System Design Logic 106 6.0 Project Prototype Construction and Coding 108 6.1 Hardware Prototyping 108 6.1.1 Power Supply Components 109 6.1.2 Central Hub 109 6.1.2.1 PCB Vendor and Assembly 109 6.1.2.2 Sensors 110 6.1.2.3 Dimmable Lighting System and Thermostat 110 6.1.3 Power Monitoring Nodes 111 6.1.3.1 Power Monitoring Circuit 111 6.1.3.2 LCD Display 111 6.2 Software Prototyping 111 6.2.1 Hardware 112 6.3 Android Application Prototyping 114 6.3.1 Android Application Home Screen Prototype 114 6.3.2 Android Application Lighting Control Prototype 116 6.3.3 Android Application Cooling System Prototype 118 6.3.4 Android Application Power Monitoring Prototype 120 6.4 Final S.H.A.P.E.R. Prototype 123 7.0 Project Prototype Testing 126 7.1 Hardware Testing Environment 126 7.2 Hardware Specific 127 7.2.1 Microcontroller 127 7.2.2 Occupancy Motion Sensor 128 7.2.3 Ambient Light Sensor 128 7.2.4 LCD Display 128 iv | P a g e 7.2.5 Power Monitor IC 129 7.3 Software Specific 129 7.3.1 Hardware Related Software 129 7.3.1.1 Light System 130 7.3.1.2 Thermostat 130 7.3.1.3 Bluetooth Technology Interaction 131 7.4 Android Application 131 7.4.1 Android Application Home Screen Testing 131 7.4.2 Android Application Lighting Control Testing 132 7.4.3 Android Application Cooling Control Testing 134 7.4.4 Android Application Power Monitoring Testing 136 8.0 Project Operation 139 8.1 Powering Up the System 139 8.2 Mobile Application Operation 140 8.3 Dimmable Lighting System Operation 142 8.4 Thermostat System Operation 143 8.5 Power Monitoring System Operation 144 8.6 Expense Report Operation 145 8.7 Application Settings Operation 146 9.0 Administrative Content 147 9.1 Finances and Budget 147 9.2 Division of Work 152 9.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities 152 9.2.2 Division of Design Process 153 9.3 Milestones 155 9.4 Sponsors 159 10.0 Project Summary & Conclusion 160 11.0 Appendices I 11.1 Copyright Permissions I 11.1.1 Permission from TI I 11.1.2 Permission from Atmel I 11.1.3 Permission from PowerSwitch Tail I 11.1.4 Permission from Professor John Loomis II 11.2 References II v | P a g e List of Figures Figure No. Description Page No. Figure 1 Global Household Electricity Consumption 3 Figure 2 PowerSwitch Tail II circuit diagram 19 Figure 3 Diagram of a Simple LCD Module 35 Figure 4 Diagram for a Simple Power Inverter 36 Figure 5 Diagram for a basic SCR Dimmer 38 Figure 6 System Input / Output Workflow 40 Figure 7 Occupancy & Ambient Light Sensor Process. 41 Figure 8 Application Software Control Process 42 Figure 9 Energy Monitoring System Process 43 Figure 10 Device / Elements Interface Sketch 44 Figure 10.1 Final Device / Elements Interface Sketch 44 Figure 11 Diagram of Initial Hardware Diagram 54 Figure 11.1 Final Hardware Interaction Diagram 55 Figure 12 Functional Block Diagram for Microcontroller 59 MSP430F6638 Figure 13 Pin Designation for Microcontroller 60 MSP430F6638IPZR Figure 14 Microcontroller designed to be used for 65 S.H.A.P.E.R. Figure 14.1 ATmega328P Detailed Pinout 66 Figure 14.2 Main Hub Final Schematic 67 Figure 14.3 Sensors Station Final Schematic 68 Figure 14.4 Power Monitoring Station Final Schematic 69 Figure 15 MSP430F2013 Motion Detection System 71 Figure 16 MSP430-PIR Sensor Block Diagram 72 Figure 17 MSP430-PIR Sensor Schematic 73 Figure 18 Functional Block Diagram for Microcontroller 74 used in MSP430-PIR board, the MSP430F2013 Figure 19 Functional Block Diagram of the Dual-Mode 75 Bluetooth CC2564BRVMT Figure 20 Simple Light Dimmer Circuit 76 Figure 21 Typical LM3445 LES Driver Application Circuit 77 Energy and Proprietary SoC CC2541F256RHAR Figure 22 Block Diagram of the 2.4-GHz Bluetooth Low 80 Figure 23 Register Block Diagram for INA231 83 Figure 24 Motion Detection Software Flowchart 87 Figure 25 Dimmable Light System Characteristics 88 Flowchart Figure 25.1 Final Dimmable Light System Characteristics 89 Flowchart Figure 26 Thermostat Compatibility Flowchart 89 Figure 26.1 Final Thermostat Compatibility Flowchart 90 Figure 27 Bluetooth Remote and Sensor Flowchart 92 vi | P a g e Figure 28 Basic AC Thermostat Board 96 Figure 29 Pinout for MCU 97 Figure 30 RS-485 Circuit 97 Figure 31 Basic LCD Screen Interface 98 Figure 32 Home Screen Design Logic Flowchart 103 Figure 33 Power Monitoring Design Logic Flowchart 104 Figure 34 Lighting Control System Design Logic Flowchart 105 Figure 34.1 Final Lighting Control System Design Logic 106 Flowchart Figure 35 Cooling Control System Design Logic Flowchart 107 Figure 35.1 Final Cooling Control System Design Logic 108 Flowchart Figure 36 Home Screen Prototype 115 Figure 36.1 Final Home Screen 116 Figure 37 Lighting Control Prototype 117 Figure 37.1 Final Lighting Control Screen 118 Figure 38 Cooling System Prototype 119 Figure 38.1 Final Cooling System Screen 120 Figure 39 Power Monitoring Prototype 121 Figure 40 Example Power Displayed Line Graph 122 Figure 41 Example Power Displayed Pie Graph 122 Figure 41.1 Final Power Monitoring Screen 123 Figure 42 Final S.H.A.P.E.R.