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Imrad: Qualitative Research Reporting

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Imrad: Qualitative Research Reporting IMRaD: Qualitative Research Reporting Rudolf Cymorr Kirby P. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT Learning Objectives • Understand the IMRaD structure • Enumerate the general content of each section • Recognize the unique attributes of reporting qualitative research in IMRaD R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT IMRaD • Most prominent norm for a scientific journal article • Facilitates literature review, allowing readers to navigate articles more quickly to locate material relevant to their purpose • It is a structure, not a format/style (APA 6th Ed) R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT Appendices IMRaD Structure References Body Abstract Title page Standard Content R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT IMRaD Structure General Question: Why was the study undertaken? General Content A. Context of the Study B. Literature Review C. Aim/ Question D. Framework R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT IMRaD Structure General Question: Why was the study undertaken? General Content A. Context of the Study B. Literature Review C. Aim/ Question D.None Framework R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT IMRaD Structure General Question: When, where, and how was the study done? General Content A. Design/ Approach B. Setting, Sampling and Population C. Data Gathering Procedure D. Instrumentation E. Analysis Plan F. Ethical Considerations R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT IMRaD Structure General Question: When, where, and how was the study done? General Content A. Design/Philosophical Approach Underpinning B. Setting,Selection Sampling of Participants and Population C. DataWays Gathering of Gathering Procedure the Narratives D. InstrumentationNone E. AnalysisProcess Planof Reflective Analysis F. Ethical Considerations R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT IMRaD Structure General Question: What did the study found? General Content A. Figures, Graphs, Tables B. Analysis of Data R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT IMRaD Structure General Question: What did the study found? General Content A. Figures,The Participants Graphs, Tables B. AnalysisResult/ Insights of Data (Themes, Codes, etc) R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT IMRaD Structure General Question: What might the answer imply & why does it matter? General Content A. Analysis with Literature B. Conclusion C. Recommendation R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT IMRaD Structure General Question: What might the answer imply & why does it matter? General Content A. AnalysisResonance with (RRL) Literature B. ConclusionCreative Synthesis C. RecommendationImplication and Future Direction R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT APA Heading Levels APA Headings Level Format 1 Centered, Boldfaced, Upper & Lowercase Headings 2 Left-aligned, Boldface, Upper & Lowercase Headings 3 Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period. 4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with period. 5 indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT Sample (Result of an Interpretative Phenomenological APA Heading Levels Study) Results Level 1 The Participants Level 2 Themes Level 2 Behind the Mask: The Blurring Self Level 3 Forbidden: Not Forgotten Level 3 Nasty Needles: A Friend and A Foe Level 3 Another subheading. Level 4 Another part of subheading. Level 5 Eidetic Insight Level 2 Symbolic Representation Level 2 R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT Standard Content Appendices Reflexivity General Content “ changes brought about to A. Reflexivity References ourselves, as a result of the B. Consent Form research process, and how C. Tools/ Instrument Body these changes have D. Communications Abstract affected the research E. Other forms process. It highlights the Title page journey of discovering how we, as researchers, shaped *(Palaganas et al., 2017) and how we were shaped by the research process and outputs” * R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT References American Psychological Association (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Brain, L (1965). Structure of the scientific paper. British Medical Journal, 2, 868–869. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5466.868. Burrough-Boenisch, J (1999). International reading strategies for IMRD articles. Written Communication., 16(3), 296– 316. doi:10.1177/0741088399016003002. Day, R. (1989). The origin of the scientific paper: the IMRAD format. AMWA Journal, 4(2). 16-25. Retrieved from: http://www.amwa.org/default/publications/journal/scanned/v04.2.pdf Malterud, K. (2001). Qualitative research: standards, challenges, and guidelines. The Lancet, 358, 483-488. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05627-6. Palaganas, E. C., Sanchez, M. C., Molintas, M. P., & Caricativo, R. D. (2017). Reflexivity in Qualitative Research: A Journey of Learning. The Qualitative Report, 22(2), 426-438. Retrieved from http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol22/iss2/5 Sollaci, L. B., & Pereira, M. G. (2004). The introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) structure: a fifty-year survey. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 92(3), 364–371. Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007) Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349– 357, doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzm042. R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT Maraming Salamat R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT, CSTP, FRIN ResearchGate: https://goo.gl/dNr2Zs R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT .
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