Vertiginous Space: Poetics of Disorientation in Charles Olson, Susan Howe, and Steve Mccaffery
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Vertiginous Space: Poetics of Disorientation in Charles Olson, Susan Howe, and Steve McCaffery by Jason Vernon Starnes M.A. (English), University of British Columbia, 2003 B.A., University of British Columbia, 2000 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Jason Vernon Starnes 2012 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2012 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for “Fair Dealing.” Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Jason Vernon Starnes Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (English) Title of Thesis: Vertiginous Space: Poetics of Disorientation in Charles Olson, Susan Howe, and Steve McCaffery Examining Committee: Chair: Firstname Surname, Position Jeff Derksen Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Stephen Collis Supervisor Associate Professor Clint Burnham Supervisor Associate Professor Roxanne Panchasi Internal Examiner Associate Professor Department of History Lytle Shaw External Examiner Associate Professor, Department of English New York University Date Defended/Approved: November 26, 2012 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Abstract This dissertation is a critical study of how representations of space in selected post-war North American avant-garde poetry produce a poetics of disorientation. Reading space as a characteristic of postmodern experience and a medium of subjectivity in the globalizing stage of late capitalism, this study analyzes spatial poetry and the theory of the spatial turn as forms of knowledge that disclose the changing perceived spatiality of the globe and of the subject. The spatial turn to the postmodern supplies an analytic frame through which to trace a reemphasis of space in particular avant-garde poetics, including the work of Charles Olson, Susan Howe and Steve McCaffery. Engaging with the socio-cultural, geographic, political and psychological effects of spatial poetics as interventions in social space, this study investigates an aesthetic that alternates dialectically between a sense of spatial disorientation and a process of cognitive mapping. These representations track the development of a doubly decentered spatial subject, displaced in Marxist-geographical terms with respect to the space of the planet, and displaced in psychoanalytic terms with respect to the subject’s own intention, meaning, and self-coherence. Keywords: Poetry; Space; Geography; Psychoanalysis; Theory; Philosophy iv Dedication For Peter Quartermain, with gratitude and admiration. v Acknowledgements I would like to thank my inspiring and supportive committee members: Jeff Derksen, Stephen Collis, and Clint Burnham. My peers at Simon Fraser University, including Marc Acherman, David Gaertner, Jen Scott, and Myka Tucker-Abramson, have crucially acted as stalwart allies, friends, and critical sounding boards. Hilda Fernandez and Paul Kingsbury of Vancouver’s Lacan Salon contributed valued clinical and theoretical perspectives to my work. Thanks to Michael Turner for his catalytic example, sympathetic listening, and wise advice. I am indebted to Peter Quartermain for his teaching, which introduced me to disjunctive poetics over a dozen years ago, and for his mentorship which continues to this day. I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Department of English at SFU, the Ann and William Messenger Graduate Fellowship, and the Gene Bridwell Graduate Scholarship. Thanks to my parents, Mark and Linda, and my siblings, Ryan and Cara, for their love and support; and thanks to the Coughlin family for the same. Most of all, to Leanne, and our son Luke (and our expected baby): I love you for your irrational belief in me. vi Table of Contents Approval ............................................................................................................................. ii Partial Copyright Licence .................................................................................................. iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................. iv Dedication .......................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1. Theories of Space and the Spatial Subject ........................................... 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 The Spatial Turn: The Production of Space and Scale ..................................................... 5 Henri Lefebvre: Spatial Production, Representation, Revolution .................................... 11 The Subject as a Spatial Body ........................................................................................ 19 Psychoanalysis in Space: Mapping and Subjectivity ...................................................... 23 Jameson: Globalization and Cognitive Mapping ............................................................. 31 The Subject of Totality .................................................................................................... 33 Space as Real: The Return of the Planet ....................................................................... 41 Poetics of (Estranged) Space ......................................................................................... 43 Chapter 2. Charles Olson’s Maximus in Space: Subject to the Mappemunde ................................................................ 53 Polis Is This: The Production of Space in Maximus ........................................................ 59 The Production of Dogtown ............................................................................................ 71 Cartographic Maximus: The Representation of Representation ..................................... 73 Maximus and Cognitive Mapping .................................................................................... 88 Conclusion: Cosmos as Spatial Dialectic ........................................................................ 92 Chapter 3. “Set at Great Distance from this World”: Susan Howe’s Unsettling Spatial Poetics ......................................... 103 “Archaeology and mapping. Space.” ............................................................................. 105 Spatializing Disjunction ................................................................................................. 107 Revising History: Unsettling the Frontier with the Archival Trace ................................. 109 Spaces in/of History ...................................................................................................... 111 Spaces of Archive ......................................................................................................... 121 Intermezzo: “To follow what trails he follows”— Words of Others as Textual Space .............. 128 Howe’s Page Space as Terrain .................................................................................... 131 “Now draw a trajectory in imagination”: Howe’s Typographical Disjunction as Spatial Signification .................................. 133 Howe’s Extimate Textual Unconscious ......................................................................... 138 vii Chapter 4. “A Peak to Descend from into Language”: Seeing and Reading Steve McCaffery’s Spatial Poetics ................. 148 Diminished Reference: Or, the Decline of Symbolic Efficiency ..................................... 156 General Economy as Meta-position: Seeing Reading .................................................. 160 Concrete: Reading Seeing ............................................................................................ 163 Textual Fields, Dimensions Variable ............................................................................. 166 Carnival As Spatial Epic ................................................................................................ 170 Experimental Translations: Seeing Reading ................................................................. 180 Lacan: Gaze as Striation of Space ............................................................................... 190 Conclusion: “All Words Are Seen” .......................................................................... 196 “An Ending (Ascent)”: Spatial Poetics of Nested Spheres ............................................ 199 Works Cited ................................................................................................................. 217 viii List of Figures Figure 1. Behaim’s 1492 “Erdapfel” globe (literally “earth apple”), showing the distortions and fanciful islands between Europe and the Pacific Rim. .......... 76 Figure 2. Detail of reproduction map showing Juan de la Cosa in upper left. .............. 79 Figure 3. “Letter,