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Independent Monitoring Board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative Report
Independent Monitoring Board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative Report July 2011 Independent This second report follows our third meeting, held in London on 30 June and 1 July 2011. Monitoring Board of the At present the needs are: Global Polio • To concisely understand the global situation Eradication Initiative • To maintain clear and energetic focus in each country with ongoing transmission July 2011 • To see the wood for the trees in identifying and dealing with the programme’s key risks • To find innovative solutions that break through entrenched problems • To surface fundamental problems that need urgent attention We are grateful to the many partners of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative who have provided us with information, logistical support, and valuable insights. We are grateful for their help, and commend their commitment. Our role remains to speak with a clear, objective voice that is independent of any of these partners. We each sit on this board in a personal capacity. We remain resolutely independent, and will continue to present our frank view without fear or favour. Sir Liam Donaldson (Chair) Dr Mushtaque Chowdhury* Former Chief Medical Officer, England Associate Director, Rockefeller Foundation Dr Nasr El Sayed Dr Ciro de Quadros Assistant Minister of Health, Egypt Executive Vice President, Sabin Vaccine Institute Dr Jeffrey Koplan Dr Sigrun Mogedal Vice President for Global Health Special Advisor, Norweigan Knowledge Centre Director, Emory Global Health Institute for the Health Services Professor Ruth Nduati Dr Arvind Singhal Chairperson, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Marston Endowed Professor of Communication University of Nairobi University of Texas at El Paso Professor Michael Toole Head, Centre for International Health *Dr Chowdhury was unable to participate in the meeting but Burnet Institute, Melbourne endorses this report The Independent Monitoring Board was convened at the request of the World Health Assembly to monitor and guide the progress of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative’s 2010-12 Strategic Plan. -
THE ERADICATION of POLIOMYELITIS (Fhe Albert V.• Sabin Lecture)
THE ERADICATIONOF POLIOMYELITIS (fhe Albert V.•Sabin Lecture) by Donald Henderson, M.D., M.P.H. University Distinguished Service Professor The JohnsHopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Cirode Quadros, M.D., M.P.H. Regional Advisor Expanded Programme on lmmunii.ation Pan American Health Organization 525 23rd Street, N. W. Washington, D.C. 20037 Introduction The understanding and ultimate conquest of poliomyelitis was Albert Sabin's life long preoccupation, beginning with his earliest work in 1931. (Sabin and Olitsky, 1936; Sabin, 1965) The magnitude of that effort was aptly summarized by Paul in his landmark history of polio: "No man has ever contributed so much effective information - and so continuously over so many years - to so many aspects of poliomyelitis." (Paul, 1971) Thus, appropriately, this inaugural Sabin lecture deals with poliomyelitis and its eradication. Polio Vaccine Development and Its Introduction In the quest for polio control and ultimately eradication, several landmarks deserve special mention. At the outset, progress was contingent on the development of a vaccine and the production of a vaccine, in turn, necessitated the discovery of new methods to grow large quantities of virus. The breakthrough occurred in 1969 when Enders and his colleagues showed that large quantities of poliovirus could be grown in a variety of human cell tissue cultures and that the virus could be quantitatively assayed by its cytopathic effect. (Enders, Weller and Robbins, 1969) Preparation of an inactivated vaccine was, in principle, a comparatively straightforward process. In brief, large quantities of virus were grown. then purified, inactivated with formalin and bottled. Assurance that the virus had been inactivated could be demonstrated by growth in tissue. -
A New UN Resolution
June 2017 • Number 86 • Leprosy is curable • Free treatment is available • Social discrimination has no place “I had one motto: just keep going”: Evelyne Leandro discusses her experience of leprosy and how it changed her life. (see Opinion, p.4) MESSAGE CONTENTS A New UN Resolution It was in 2003 that I visited Geneva to call on Dr. Japanese government, this time mandating the Bertrand D. Ramcharan, who was then the acting appointment of a special rapporteur on elimination UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. My of leprosy-related discrimination. purpose was to urge the United Nations to take up The role of this special rapporteur is to verify Message 1 the issue of the discrimination and stigma faced by and report on progress made and measures Explainer people affected by leprosy and their families—a taken by states for the effective implementation Leprosy and human human rights problem on a huge scale that history of the Principles and Guidelines and to suggest rights 2 had overlooked for so long. improvements, should they be necessary. The close Opinion Dr. Ramcharan frankly acknowledged that cooperation between the Japanese government Life after leprosy the UN apparatus had not addressed this issue and those of us in the non-governmental sector has By Evelyne Leandro 4 and graciously advised me on how to find a way. been instrumental in getting us to this point. Report That meeting was the catalyst for the historic UN I will say it again, but the discrimination and JCIs build awareness 5 General Assembly resolution on elimination of stigma associated with leprosy is an issue that was discrimination against persons affected by leprosy long ignored. -
12 Th WHO National TB Programme Managers' Meeting and 16 Th
12th WHO National TB Programme Managers’ Meeting and 16th Wolfheze Workshops The Hague, Netherlands 29-31 May 2013 MEETING REPORT Content Acronyms and abbreviations ...................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... 3 Executive summary .................................................................................................... 4 Background ................................................................................................................ 5 Scope and purpose ..................................................................................................... 5 Opening Session ......................................................................................................... 7 Session 1: Follow-up of Berlin Declaration 2007, the Consolidated Action Plan to Prevent and Combat M/XDR-TB in WHO European Region 2011-2015 and the Framework Action Plan to Fight TB in the EU .............................................................. 9 Session 2: Intensified TB case-finding: yield and impact on TB epidemiology ............. 18 Session 3: Role of civil society in TB control .............................................................. 21 Session 4: Extrapulmonary TB - Situation analysis & challenges................................. 24 Session 5: TB in vulnerable populations (migrants & prisoners) ................................. 27 Session 6: Childhood TB ........................................................................................... -
The Magazine of the Association of Former WHO Staff Members (AFSM)
AFSM Quarterly News July 2019 QNT 116 The magazine of the Association of Former WHO Staff Members (AFSM) Supporting former staff and helping them to stay in touch and informed ws Agency ws Ne ers ©Cat o: Phot The plight of polar bears, facing destruction of their unique habitat as Arctic sea-ice melts, illustrates the fact that climate change affects the environment of all living creatures on this planet. In this issue we look specifically at the impact on the health and well-being of human populations around the world, and how WHO is addressing the challenges. 1 AFSM Quarterly News July 2019 QNT 116 Cruise on Lake IJsselmeer, Holland. Photo 1, clockwise, Catherine Roch-Hazelden, Josiane Bachmann, Genevieve McCone, Annette Nock, Paul Puget, Anne Yamada, Charles Hager. Photo 2, one of the famous “three sisters’ windmills” near Alkmaar. Photo 3, clockwise Catherine Roch-Hazelden, Wanda Cheng, Ray Cheng, Josiane Bachmann, Bunty Müller, Paul Puget, Anne Yamada. Photo 4, Clogs at Amsterdam Flower Market. Photo 5, Socrates Litsios, Bunty Müller, Wanda Cheng, Monique Bottiglieri, Regina Vernex. Photo 6, a cheese shop in Alkmaar. Photo 7, The harbour in Hoorn. Photos: Bunty Muller 1 2 3 1 4 1 5 6 7 2 AFSM Quarterly News July 2019 QNT 116 CONTENTS EDITORIAL Climate change and health 4 We are publishing two important notices on page 17, one is a AFSM General Assembly, 22 October8 reminder to cast your vote in the SHI elections to choose our Greetings from Nepal 8 representatives on the Global Standing Committee (SHI/GSC) and Breast cancer in the elderly 9 on the Global Oversight Committee (SHI/GOC). -
Leadership in Global Health: the Case of Ciro De Quadros, a Testament to Values, Valor, and Vision
Pan American Journal Profile of Public Health When Dr. Bill Foege wrote “When Words Fail,” he was referring to how difficult Leadership in it was for him to describe adequately, in written words, all the effort that is involved from the scientific conceptualization of a new vaccine, to eventual bench discovery global health: and development, to the training and supply chain logistics, and ultimately to the moment the needle pricks the skin to save a life of a child (1). He called it the “chain the case of Ciro of perfection”. He was “at a loss” to describe this cascade of events with due justice. I have been asked to describe the leadership attributes of Dr. Ciro de Quadros as a de Quadros, a case study in best practice and lessons to be learned. Similarly, I too am at a loss. Simply put, Ciro broke the mold. testament to I should disclose that what I am about to write is influenced by decades of either working directly for Ciro, as was the case during the polio eradication era in the Americas, to collaborating with Ciro more recently on various projects that in- values, valor, cluded measles and rubella elimination, the introduction of new vaccines, and sur- veillance of infectious diseases. The work evolved into a relationship that bridged and vision from professional mentorship, to actual friends with a deep sense of admiration, love, and mutual respect. In global health, leadership is somewhat like the “self-actualization” of public Jon Kim Andrus1 health practice. The “leader” must have all those attributes that embodies a fully realized individual, positioned in the system to make things happen, such as in Ciro’s case, to help create a world of equitable access to life-saving vaccines. -
Who Goodwill Ambassador's Newsletter
WHO GOODWILL AMBASSADOR’S NEWSLETTER June 2004 • Number 8 FOR THE • Leprosy is curable Elimination • Free treatment is available OF Leprosy • Social discrimination has no place Residents of Khokana settlement near Kathmandu, Nepal A MESSAGE FROM THE GOODWILL AMBASSADOR CONTENTS My Resolve to End Discrimination This spring I had the opportunity to attend the 60th become involved and create a climate in which Message 1 session of the United Nations Commission on the human rights of those affected by leprosy are Report from Geneva Human Rights (UNCHR), where for the first time I acknowledged. I am therefore much encouraged Making the case for addressed members on the stigmatization of people by the way that WHO Director-General Dr. Jong- human rights 2 affected by leprosy. From times past, people with wook Lee is speaking out on health and human Ambassador’s Journal the disease, as well as their families, have rights issues. Learning the history of traditionally been shunned by communities. Even Eventually, I want to see the U.N. come up leprosy on Malta, and though leprosy is now curable, many people still with a set of guidelines concerning legislation, a first visit to Nepal 4 suffer deep-seated discrimination. education and awareness activities, showing The reason why this has not been taken up as governments and NGOs what they must do to Human Stories a human rights issue before is because the get rid of prejudice and discrimination. First, A quilter’s tale from 7 response to the disease has been primarily a though, we need the UNCHR to adopt a draft China medical one. -
Ethics Complaint to World Health Organization (WHO)
Ethics complaint to the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning James Chau, presenter of Forced TV Confessions on China’s CCTV Ethics complaint to World Health Organization (WHO), Attention: The WHO Office of Compliance, Risk Management and Ethics (CRE) - [email protected] Attention: Margaret Harris (media) - [email protected] ([email protected]) Attention: Ruel E. Serrano (WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific) - [email protected] Attention: Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Submitted February 26, 2020 by Safeguard Defenders Background On August 27, in 2013, the predecessor of today’s CGTN (China Global Television Network), namely CCTV International, aired its English language broadcast of Mr. Peter Humphrey supposedly confessing to alleged crimes. Mr. Humphrey, British citizen and a former Reuters journalist, had undergone torture, drugging and deprivation of medical care prior to this incident. China’s state broadcaster CCTV and other Chinese state journalists gathered in a detention center cell while Mr. Humphrey was forced to sit inside a metal cage in handcuffs and locked to an iron chair, pointing cameras aimed at him through the cage bars, as a police interrogator posed as a journalist and asked questions, and in some cases instructed him how to answer in front of the journalists. After broadcasting this widely in China, CCTV’s international arm produced an English language broadcast based on this forced fake interview, not only repeating the same information (of which much was provably false), but also adding further journalistic sins by intentionally wrongfully translating the Chinese original of Mr. Humphrey’s responses into English, putting words such as ‘illegally” into his mouth to paint Mr. -
2010 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Awarded to Dr. John D. Clemens
Home About Us Press Room Support Sabin Michael Marine May 2010 Appointed CEO of The Sabin Report | Volume 12 Issue 2 Sabin Vaccine Institute 2010 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Awarded to Dr. John D. Clemens During a ceremony at The George Washington University City View Room, Dr. John D. Clemens, Director General of the International Vaccine Institute in Seoul, Korea, received the 2010 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Award for his contributions to reducing suffering and promoting peace Dr. Steven Knapp, The George Washington through the development, University President; Dr. John D. Clemens; evaluation, and distribution of and Dr. Peter Hotez, Sabin President and Michael W. Marine, former The George Washington University vaccines. Distinguished Research Professor US Ambassador to the Socialist Republic of Dr. Clemens led the first efficacy trial of an oral vaccine against Vietnam, was appointed as cholera, and conducted additional research on a measles vaccine as the new chief executive a research scientist at the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease officer of the Sabin Research, Bangladesh during the 1980s. IVI scientists transferred Vaccine Institute on April the technology for the cholera vaccine to Shantha Biotechics of 28, announced Sabin's Hyderabad, India, and in 2009, Shanchol™ was licensed for Chairman of the Board of development. Trustees, Mort Hyman and President Dr. Peter Hotez. Through his stewardship at the International Vaccine Institute in Seoul, Korea where he has served as Director General since 1999, Marine joined Sabin's Dr. Clemens has engaged in vaccine diplomacy in many areas, leadership team in including the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Program, which December 2009 after aims to reduce the disease burden of Hib and Japanese encephalitis serving eight months on in North Korean children by providing technical assistance in the Joint Action Committee laboratory diagnosis and surveillance of these diseases and in the of the Global Network for introduction of vaccines to prevent them. -
Who Goodwill Ambassador's Newsletter
WHO GOODWILL AMBASSADOR’S NEWSLETTER December 2010 • Number 47 For the • Leprosy is curable EliminationOF • Free treatment is available Leprosy • Social discrimination has no place Yohei Sasakawa listens to community leaders at Sungai Buloh leprosy treatment center in Malaysia, when he visited in November. MESSAGE CONTENTS Preserving Our Heritage Message 1 Report In the previous issue, I wrote of my visit to if they so desire. I hope all governments will 2010 World Forum on Bergen in Norway, where I visited Dr. Hansen’s come to respect this point. Hansen’s Disease 2 study, the leprosy museum and the national The history of this disease is also the history Feature archives. I told of how carefully the history of of an assault on human dignity and human Daytrip to Sorokdo 3 leprosy, and the memories of those affected by rights resulting from discrimination. People the disease, have been preserved. with leprosy were targeted for exclusion, and Interview Now that leprosy is a receding threat, I forced to live an isolated existence. Countless Artur Custodio M. de believe we have an important responsibility to millions, guilty of no crime, were shunned by Sousa, MORHAN 4 preserve the history of a disease that blighted society. This is an enormous negative legacy. Column so many lives and pass on this memory to This discrimination is not a thing of the past. Leprosy in the News 5 future generations. Today, in the name of It is part of our history, which we are creating Ambassador’s Journal development, hospitals, sanatoriums, homes day by day. -
Paving the Way for Immunization
Paving the Way for Immunization XX Meeting of the Technical Advisory Group on Vaccine- preventable Diseases (TAG) 17-19 October 2012 Final Report 1 TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP ON VACCINE‐PREVENTABLE DISEASES XX MEETING: “PAVING THE WAY FOR IMMUNIZATION” Washington DC, 17‐19 October 2012 Members 2012 Dr. Ciro A. de Quadros Executive Vice President President Sabin Vaccine Institute Washington, D.C., United States Dr. Akira Homma Chairman Policy and Strategy Council, Bio ‐Manguinhos Institute Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Dr. Anne Schuchat Director National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA, United States Dr. Arlene King Chief Medical Officer Ministry of Health and Long‐term Care Ontario, Canada Dr. Jeanette Vega Managing Director Foundation Initiatives The Rockefeller Foundation New York, NY, United States Dr. José Ignacio Santos Preciado Professor Department of Experimental Medicine Head of Clinical Research Research Division School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Mexico City, Mexico _________________________________________________________________________________ 2 XX TAG Meeting, Washington DC, 2012 – Final Report Dr. Peter Figueroa (unable to attend) Chief Medical Officer Ministry of Health Kingston, Jamaica Dr. Ramiro Guerrero‐Carvajal (virtual participation) Director Research Center for Social Protection and Health Economy (PROESA) Cali, Colombia Roger Glass Director Fogarty International Center, NIH/JEFIC‐National Institutes of Health -
Measles & Rubella Initiative: 2016 Annual Summary
TheMeasles & Rubella Initiative Logo Specication Logotype with “disappearing dots” Color Red color specication R:196 C:0 FINANCIALS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY G:20 M:100 B:37 Y:90 K:20 Cumulative Donations 2001 to 2016 = USD 1.2 Billion 2016 was a year of victory and challenge in Black Total contributions to M&RI by year: the global fight against measles and rubella. 2016 ANNUAL Clear space to leave around logo From 2000 through the end of 2015, measles vaccines saved community volunteers – the real heroes in this battle – with an estimated 20.3 million lives. All six WHO regions – including the tools and training they need to identify and embrace each Millions USD x all 194 WHO Member States – have committed to eliminating unreached and underserved child. While we work on strength- Reverse x square height = x 200 measles. In September 2016, the Americas became the first ening national immunization delivery systems, we must also SUMMARY region to be declared free of endemic measles. This, along continue to support countries – both financially and technically with its declaration of rubella elimination in 2015, makes the – to carry out well-planned and managed mass immunization Americas the first region to be free of endemic measles and campaigns. During 2016, 135 million children received measles 150 rubella. Before his death in 2014, Dr. Ciro De Quadros, who or measles-rubella vaccines in campaigns. During 78% of x x was one of the first to envision a measles and rubella-free campaigns, other public health interventions were delivered world, said, “Medicine, sanitation, nutrition, education – all in addition to measles or measles-rubella vaccine.