2021 Tri County Science & Technology Virtual Fair

2021 TRI COUNTY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY VIRTUAL FAIR

Exhibiters Grades K –12 From Westchester <> Putnam <> Rockland with guests from Nassau & Suffolk Counties on the middle schools level organized by The Putnam Children’s Discovery Center, Inc.

Science Teachers Association of NYS (Westchester Section) www.DiscoveryCtr.org

Judge Edith Miller Excellence in Education Susan Schaell Handelman Award for Scholastic Excellence in Science & Technology

GRAND SPONSOR The Newman Family PepsiCo Global R&D Gem Level: Sponsorship: Bronze A few words about COVID-19 and the Fair….

Last year I closed my remarks with this paragraph: The focus on research going forward is that it is routed in facts as we know them and to be prepared for those to evolve and change over time. To remember that a hypothesis is the beginning of an educated guess and can be proven wrong. That the world was flat until it wasn’t. Follow your gut and be prepared to swim against the stream to seek another solution. Many scientists never learned how successful they were in their lifetimes. Many had numerous failures and yet their work lives on in infamy. Now more than ever we need scientists, doctors, psychologists, nurses, lab techs, engineers and more. I am starting my remarks with that statement because throughout the pandemic I have traveled the country and different areas had quite different approaches. I was struck by how each area believed their approach was correct. And I was also struck with some similarities, people were either afraid or unable to see a Doctor to get early diagnosis of diseases. Young people throughout the nation were sequestered away from their friends and often what was near and dear to them. Graduations were canceled. Marriages were postponed. Students destined for college on a sports scholarship had no stats while others might. Businesses shuttered for good. And that child whose escape is going to school, getting to an after-school activity and in some cases their safer space is outside the home. These along with other issues are unintended consequences of shelter in place. Now I do not want to go down a path of doom and gloom. I just hope that we measure all sides of the equation.

When we met for our annual Fair meeting for 2021 no could have envisioned, we would be Virtual again. However, rather than scramble like 2020 in the elev- enth hour we decided to be proactive . Start virtual with the thought that we could revert to live! This would allow the students more time to prepare. Unfor- tunately, many schools were unable to hold a virtual fair at the school level. And some schools in Long Island were facing no regional fair to send their best and brightest. For the first time we opened the Fair up to previous winners and invited Long Island to be a part of our Fair. I am extremely impressed at the caliber of exhibits considering all the obstacles. But I am also mindful that several schools still were unable to participate. I hope that changes for 2022. We need to reach as many young people interested in STEM as possible. I would like to thank the parents that often had their schedule changed on a dime. The ones that were thrust into the role of principal, teacher, playground monitor, cafeteria aide and more. I would like to thank the teachers that quickly adopted to online or hybrid teaching. There were schools that worked with me on “how” to get their students selected to come to Tri County since they had not held their Fairs. In life, there are those that throw their hands up in defeat and those that look for solutions and, in an emergency, this is magnified. So, I applaud the schools that looked for solutions to choose students to come to us and to the many volunteers and judges that decided to be a part of the solution. And I am in awe of all the research scientists that took part in Warp Speed, so we have several vaccines to combat this virus.

We need you to continue your science endeavors and become the next group of scientists that rise to the occasion to solve the next infectious disease, pandemic or whatever life throws at us. Looking forward to seeing everyone in 2022. Meet the Keynote Speaker

Judy is a 18 year veteran in PepsiCo R & D and a 37 year veteran in the food industry. She has led R&D for the development and launch of many new beverage products around the world for Gatorade, Tropicana, and other PepsiCo beverage brands. She has expertise in Non Carbonated Beverages, as well as Engineering and Manufacturing, particularly, in juice based beverages. While at PepsiCo, Judy spent close to 4 years in Europe. While there, she created and led a Beverages R&D satellite lab, and was part of the acquisition team for two large eastern European beverage companies. Judy joined PepsiCo in 2002, following almost 19 years with Procter and Gamble in Food and Beverage Manufacturing and PD. She holds two patents in the area of chelating agent technology. She graduated magna cum laude from Brown University in 1983, with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering and is a member of Tau Beta Pi. Judy is a certified Project Management Professional through PMI and is currently working on her Masters Degree in Food Science at Rutgers University. Judy just celebrated her 28th wedding anniversary with her husband, Jim and they have one 20 year old son, James. They enjoy boating, swimming, camping and travelling.

WE STRONGLY SUGGEST WATCHING JUDY VIGAR JUDY VIGAR https://discoveryctr.org/tri-county-science-and-technology-fair/ Click on Awards Ceremony Vice President R & D She delivered a phenomenal Keynote Address Global Beverage Platforms

OUR MASTER OF CEREMONIES ( Awards Video) Matthew Newman

Matthew is one of the founders of Flambé Comedy a Sketch Comedy troupe on YouTube & Facebook. We encourage ADULTS only to view Flambe Comedy. Although the following are more PG in nature “ THE MISSION IS ACTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE”, “DAVE”, “GUN KNIFE FIGHT” Matthew Newman is an actor, writer, comedian and a graduate of Emerson College class of 2015 Screenwriting/Media Production. Other credits include Writer's Asst. -- Gayme Show!, Quibi and Improv: Groundlings Theatre & Upright Citizen's Brigade. He is a founder, writer and actor on Flambé Comedy, a group that garnered 250,000 views on Funny or Die’s Facebook Live page. He won an EVVY award for Outstanding Writing in Television, and hosted the 33rd Annual EVVY Awards — which took home the College EMMY for Outstanding Variety Show. Matthew worked for a time at the Colbert Report and FX Network. In College he was part of Jimmy's Traveling All Stars (2011-2015) aka JTA Comedy. Pole-Ice Man is a great adult sketch to watch on JTA Comedy, found on YouTube. Matthew also was an anchor for 2 years on Breaking News News on the Emerson Channel, a news parody show similar to SNL news. He has been volunteering since he was 5 years old (maybe earlier). Mostly because he is the son of Fair founder Janice Newman and grandson of Judge Edith Miller an Award given out at the Fair. Despite the fact that Matthew lives in California, he flies up to help with the Fair and helps out via email and Skype throughout the year.

For a fast peek at some of Matthew’s work Type in MATTHEW NEWMAN REEL on YouTube. Or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=be2YpuCr5LU or for full length sketches go to Flambè! Comedy on YouTube or Facebook. A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE ORGANIZERS DONATIONS The Tri County Science Technology Fair was founded in 1990 by The Putnam Children’s Discovery First and foremost thank you to our Grand Sponsor Center, a volunteer organization. The original Fair was a countywide competition for Putnam County. In 1993 the Fair expanded to a regional Fair to include Westchester and Rockland Counties. The Fair’s primary purpose is to reward children who have an interest in science, math and technology. PepsiCo R & D Global Public, private and home schooled students from the three counties are welcome to participate in the Fair, A STEM Activity. Only children in the same school can participate as a team. Grand Sponsor Level Elementary and middle school students gain entry to our Fair by placing in a Science & Technology Fair organized by their school. Home schooled students are entered based on their parent or the per- son in charge of their home schooling. The local organizers in the public or private schools Janice Newman determine who will continue on to our Fair. It is recommended that they encourage their first or Lightening Rod—Aluminum Level second place winners. They can send up to twelve exhibits in the elementary and middle school divisions. There are nine categories for K-8 Biology, Chemistry, Environment, Earth/Space, Engineering/Technology, Health & Medicine, Math/Computers, Physics. & Psychology On the High Science Teachers Association School level two categories have been dissected into two: Health & Medicine is now: Health & Westchester Section Nutrition; Medicine and Medical Science & Technology. Psychology is now: Clinical/Social Psycholo- gy; Physiological/Experimental Psychology. Judge Edith Miller Excellence in Education To view the rules visit www. DiscoveryCtr.org. For the purposes of our Fair the Divisions are: Division “E” grades K-4 / Division “M” grades 5-8 Division “H“ grades 9-12. Schools that cross into Friends Of Science- Heart Level two divisions can send 12 exhibits grades K-4 and 12 within grades 5-8 and 18 within grades 9-12. High School students are “direct” entered by either their principal or science department chairperson, or Traci Toll-Griffin District STEM coordinator The majority of high school students presenting at our Fair have opted for individual empirical or theoretical research projects as these projects meet the eligibility requirements Friends Of Science– Leg Up Level for the NYS level. Three students and six alternates on the high school level will be selected to continue on to the NYS Science Congress. In the Middle School Division several students may be David Mawdsley selected for further competition at the Broadcom Masters a National competition organized by Society for Science & the Public (SSP). Friends Of Science– Shot in the Arm Level The Center wishes to thank our sponsors, the volunteers, committee leaders, and the endless hours of dedication by the presenting students and their families, without whose support there would be no Fair. Gino Malpartida Kyra Darnton Beware of the words “settled science” as there is no such thing as “settled science”. Science is Delia Osgood Christine Simpson always evolving. So if you believe something is “different” explore it, try to defy it and see where that road takes you. Maybe it takes you back to “accepted science.” But we will only learn when Genevieve & Aimee Holland Lori Morton scientists aim to prove or disprove theories. Please continue to explore, our future depends on it. Irina Amir Amit Roy Winners from the 2021Tri County Virtual Fair available www.DiscoveryCtr.org after May 1.

Your school can have a fun Hands on Science Program complete with an educational magic show Louis Tesoriero Steven Rubenstein offered on Saturdays or Sundays for Jewish Day Schools. For complete details visit online at www.DiscoveryCtr.org or call 845 621-1260 Friends Of Science– Boost to the Fair Level JUDGES TEAM Frank Iacopelli Mark Kramer Amanda Iacopelli Christina Iacopelli Dean Gallea

Dr. Em V Adams Mr. Mark Connelly Prof. Faith Florer Ph.D. Mrs. Francine Iacopelli

Dr. Nadine Agosta Mr. Timothy Connelly Mr. David Fobar Dr. Tsuyoshi Thomas Ide

Dr. Faraz Alizadeh Dr. Robert Crawford Dr. Christina Fojas Dr. Doron Ilan

Prof. Barbara Allen-Lyall PhD Ms. Cathy Culver Dr. Melville M Francis Psy.D Dr. Sushumna Iruvanti

Dr. Kelly Almond-Abbate Dr. Toby John Cumberbatch Dr. Ann Gaba Ms. Ruby Jimenez

Prof. Aditi Banerjee Mrs. Lynn Cunha Mr. Dean Gallea Dr. Meghan Johnston

Mr. Roger Wells Bardwell Dr. Mary Ellen Czesak Dr. Nathan R George Dr. Anup Joshi

Mr. Lawrence C Bassett Ms. Christina Daniels Ms. Ranjana Godse Dr. Seojung Jung

Dr. Indranil Basu Dr. Irwin Marvin Dannis Mr. Ty Gong Mr. Chris Kalish

Mr. George Beisel Dr. AnnMarie DelliPizzi Mr. Benjamin Good Mr. Marc Karell

Ms. Rita Beisel Dr. Kristie deRuiter Ms. Mollie Rose Good Dr. Mary S. Kelly

Mr. Julian K Boateng Dr. Gene R. DiResta Dr. Lauren Goodwyn Dr. Hong Duck Kim

Dr. Grace Bonanno Prof. Kristin Dragos Dr. Charles Harris Mr. Michael Kimble

Mr. Giuseppe Bongiorno Dr. Lori Dyer Ms. Mary Fairbank Harris Mr. Manav Kohli

Ms. Anna Lia Cahn Mr. Evans Eboigbodin Ms. Pavithra Harsha Mr. Michael Kuepfert

Dr. Mengfei Cai Ms. Barbara Edelheit Dr. Richard F Heath Mr. John Alexander Kurowski

Dr. Nicole Calma-Roddin Dr. Jacob Eubank Prof. A. Mia Heissan Mr. John T. LaMagna

Dr. Filipe Arroyo Cardoso Dr. Koun Eum Mr. Stephen J Herman Dr. Suzanne Laychock

Ms. Patricia M Catauro Dr. Victor Ferastraoaru Ms. Karen J Hoferichter Ms. Deugwoo Lee

Ms. Payton Elizabeth Charlton Dr. Sam Fineman M.D. Dr. Melissa Jaime Huey Mrs. Stephanie Ann Lehrer

Prof. Allan Clifton Prof. Barbara L Finlay Ph.D. Ms. Chiara Hurd Mr. Jay E Levine

Ms. Marie Cole Dr. Jay Fleischman Dr. Teresa Hurley Prof. John Carl Leylegian JUDGES JUDGES TEAM Frank Iacopelli Mark Kramer Amanda Iacopelli Christina Iacopelli Dean Gallea

Dr. John Lucassen Dr. Chi Nguyen Ms. Sabrina Rieder Ms. Susan N Tedja

Dr. Jason Scott Lynn Dr. Julie Norflus-Good Mr. Matthew Rogala Dr. Traci A Toll-Griffin

Ms. Kristina Elizabeth Mackey Dr. Amie E Norton Mr. Anthony Romano Dr. Clara Tóth

Dr. Brady J Maher Dr. Kevin J O'Donovan Dr. Richard Rosen MD Dr. Natalie Umling

Dr. Jessica Malberg Dr. Aaron Olsen PhD Dr. Warren Rosenberg Dr. James van Sandwyk

Mr. Gino F Malpartida Dr. Obafemi Otelaja Prof. Lalitha Samuel Dr. Ruvanee Vilhauer

Ms. Nicole L Mandel Mr. Peter W PIechocniski Dr. Nikhil Satchidanand Dr. Matthew Volovski

Mr. Gerald Mannarino Dr. Christopher Jason Pappas Dr. S D Schwaitzberg Dr. Josh Wang

Mr. Nicholas Mannarino Dr. Doyoung Park Ms. Caroline Schwaner Mr. Neal Ira Wasserman

Prof. Mateusz R Marianski Dr. Kee M Park Ms. Nancy A Severns Mr. James S Wasvary

Mr. David Mawdsley Mr. John B Parkinson Jr Prof. Frederick C. Shaw Mr. Paul A Wojciak

Prof. George McConnell Mr. Paul Pasternak Ms. Jenna Nicole Shulman Dr. Eugene Wong

Dr. Marie McGovern Dr. Sangita Patel Dr. Julian R Silverman Ms. Aidan K Wright

Mrs. Mary Ellen E McLaughlin Ms. Pooja Pathak Mr. Sean Simpson Dr. Shamva Wright-Shingler

Dr. Evan Merkhofer Ms. Jean M Patota Dr. Deepak K Singh Mr. Michael Yeosock

Mr. Bruce Meyer Ms. Pam Peacock Dr. Kirk Sperber M.D. Dr. Andrew Ying

Ms. Ilyssa Marie Monda Dr. Ruth Peck Mr. Michael Sperling Mr. David Zgonc

Ms. Hannah Morrill Mr. J. Anthony Perlman Ms. Uma Srinivasan

Mr. Steven Moskowitz Mr. John Pizzorusso Mrs. Annette Frances Stabile- Torchetti Mrs. Monimala Mukherjee Dr. Ruth E. Propper Dr. Paul Strauss Mr. Subu Musti Mrs. Kristi Rachiele Mr. Spencer William Sullivan Mrs. Preetha Natesan Ms. Lauren Samantha Richman JUDGES JUDGES TEAM Frank Iacopelli Mark Kramer Amanda Iacopelli Christina Iacopelli Dean Gallea

Adelphi University Fox Lane HS Magical Movements School of Dance Samsung Electronics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Franklin Miller, Inc. Manhattan College Somers HS American Museum of Natural History Glanbia Nutritionals Manhattanville College St. John's University Bergen County Academies Greenwich Animal Hospital Marist College St. Thomas Aquinas College Borough of Manhattan Community Col- Hackley School Mastercard Stevens Institute of Technology lege Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Northeast Microflow Associates Stony Brook University Boston Children's Hospital Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Montclair State University SUNY Old Westbury Cardinal Spellman HS Harrison Central School District Mount Saint Mary College The Bassett Consulting Group CBRE Hudson Scenic Studio, Inc. New York Institute of Technology The College of Westchester Clever Devices Hunter College CUNY New York Medical College The School for Young Performers Climate Change & Environmental Ser- IBM New York Power Authority TJMAXX vices Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York Presbyterian Touro College Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Indian Hills HS Norwalk, CT TMP United States Army Colorado College INmune Bio NYC Department of Health United States Department of Agri- Columbia University Johns Hopkins University culture Pediatric Urology Associates, White Cooper Union Kingsborough Community College Plains United States Military Academy Cornell University LaGuardia Community College PepsiCo United States Patent and Trade- CUNY Queens College mark Office Lanxess Pfizer, Inc CUNY School of Public Health University at Buffalo SUNY Lehman College, CUNY Queensborough Community College Curtis Instruments University of Connecticut Lewis University Ramapo College Dominican College University of Maryland School of Lieber Institute for Brain Development / Regeneron Medicine Edgewell Personal Care John’s Hopkins University School of Medicine Rockland Community College Vassar College Fairleigh Dickinson University Lyppens Tedja Consulting Rye Neck HS Westchester Community College Fordham University MadMod Computing JUDGES COMPANIES ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

For purposes of the Fair Elementary is grades K-4 Two or three on a project we use alpha system with the student closest to “A” being first in the sort.

We are especially impressed that these projects came to us. This year was not easy to say the least and the fact that these students chose to rise to the challenge was particularly heartwarming. CHEMISTRY

Hope Abbey FE Bellows Egg Replacement Experiment THE HANDALORIANS: How hand warmers work and what makes Charles Barker & Oliver Barker FE Bellows them work better

ENGINEERING / TECHNOLOGY

Steven Osgood FE Bellows The Strength of Glue ENVIRONMENT

Jacob Abraham FE Bellows How does aquarium water affect plant growth?

Veronica Garrett & Nia Nikomo William Ward Crystallization to Liquefaction: The Transformation of Honey. HEALTH & MEDICINE

Gabe D'Amore FE Bellows Is The 5 Minute Rule Real? MATH/COMPUTERS

Lucy Evangelista FE Bellows What are some causes that make internet go bad? SPECIAL AWARDS FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL (grades 5-8)

Susan Schaell Handelman Award for Judge Edith Miller Scholastic Excellence in Science & Technology Excellence in Education The best Middle School with the highest overall average among all other Middle Schools. Award for top overall MS score

Susan Schaell Handelman has been an Edith Lorraine Meyer was born into poverty on December 3, 1929. Her educator in private and public schools in CT parents Earl &Florence Meyer were considered the working poor. She and NY, and a volunteer for many lived with her sister Yvonne in a one bedroom apartment with a bath organizations including the PCDC. Being an tub in the kitchen. It was one of the few flats to have a toilet inside the R.N. and teacher, Family Science Nights apartment. She brought herself from a place of poverty to a place of included Susan with the 3D human body prominence by committing to school and education. Realizing the puzzles and eye & ear models, sharing only way out of the cycle of poverty was college; she walked to school anatomy and physiology facts with curious with cardboard in her shoes. This saved her the nickel bus fare so that children and their chaperones. She arranged she could attend Hunter College. She went on to St John’s Law School and graduated the initiation of the Hands On Science as the only woman in her class. After passing the bar exam, she decided to focus on classes at the Kent Schools in Carmel, NY to having a family. With a law degree under her belt she knew she would never be poor provide day and evening enrichment again. Five years later she started a job at The New York City Legal Aid Society workshops, which attracted participants from other districts as well. where she could assist people who were less fortunate. She quickly rose to the head Originating from a small, rural community in Illinois, Susan graduated from of the office. She went on and was appointed by Mayor Lindsay to the Family Court of Northwestern University, having received a full academic scholarship to study NY, where she became the administrative judge. During her time in family court, she childhood development and education. A Master of Science degree from NY Medical was the presiding Judge on the famous Willie Bosket case which became instrumental College and Pace led to Nursing Board Certifications as a Family Nurse Practitioner in helping to change NYS law. The ramifications of this case resulted in children under and also Women’s Health Care Nurse Practitioner (“pioneer” positions). She was also age 16 committing heinous crimes could be tried as adults. The moment that made her a Certified Electrologist. proudest was becoming the FIRST woman to be appointed to the Appellate Term of the NYS Supreme Court. Judge Edith Miller passed on to her children, Brian and Though now retired these ongoing educational, science, and health interests inspired a Janice the importance of education and because of this, Janice, her daughter, founder special appreciation and support for the quality programs PCDC brings to communities. of The Putnam Children’s Discovery Center and the founder of the Tri County Science She has recruited funding, teachers, judges, shared PCDC judging protocols, and & Technology Fair created a fund in her honor. The Discovery Center annually hosts obbied for science fair publicity resulting in increased participation. the Tri County Science & Technology Fair. The first recipient of this award was in Her late husband James, and sons Zach and Jed participated in PCDC endeavors 2005. The middle school exhibit with the highest score receives The Judge Edith also. Grandson Asher is expected to continue the tradition. Miller Excellence in Education Award. Judge Miller is survived by her two children Janice & Brian and three grandchildren, Michael, Mark & Matthew and great To make a donation, please make checks payable to PCDC and memo SSH or grandchildren, Jasmine and Jace. Susan Schaell Handelman Award for Scholastic Excellence in Science & Technology. Mail to PCDC PO Box 222 Carmel, NY 10512. To contribute use PayPal [email protected] Or use PayPal: [email protected] or checks payable to PCDC memo: JEM PO Box 222 Carmel, NY 10512 SusanSchaell HandelmanAward for Scholastic Excellence in Science Technology & EdithJudge MillerExcellence in Education School: AwardsTherefor Special two are Middle theat time of tally we do have not our actuallist. 11top Studentsgrades 6,7,8 are eligibleforselection for further competition at BROADCOM MASTERSfor top expressing10% interest purposesFor of the Fair MiddleSchool Division foris Grades 5 - BIOLOGY 18%in grades 6,7 and 8.The alternatesmaytake a slot after the Nominees havemade theirintentions known. topAll 18% Peter Udilovich Eva Singletary Elena DeCicco RivielloSophia Riviello Julianna EliseCampbell Rainert Magnan Anya Pathak Robinson Natalya Martinez Gianna Genamarie Kotanidis Raina Lestingi Evan Kolberg Youssian Morgan CelineKhani Daniela Souferian Christopher Keating Roma Huggahalli ElliotSpencer Violet Clinton Sandra Chalissery Aoife Bronnimann Gallagher Maeve Eileen McGregor Saoirse Bergerson Liam Bergerson Alex AmirSmulovics Adam

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Space Exploration A Comparison of Phytoplankton Biofertilizerin Connectionto for Impact? Meteor Impact: CarterWhatWill Material the Make Biggest Ocean Oil Spills?" What Effectis ofthe Nanotechnology/Ferrofluid on up cleaning Champions and Mask You Succeed: Pandemic Shall Science Using It's a Sweet One.... a the Sweet ScienceIt's Behind Apple Pie Super Weights Sugar The ReactionToothpaste Elephant The Effect aMatch of fromon Tearsan Onion colorDoes how aaffect fast candlewill burn? Managing Murky Mucus Blackberry Preservation Carbon Cobra FermentationYeast Should beyou worried about the water drink? you Crystal Growth Experiment Remedies. VS. Rotting reactions? Does make up of substances when create soda added to different TheSoil on Effect ofpH Water's Backyard Rockets CandlesMelting

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Lucas Acosta Albert Leonard MS The Solar Solution Cass Fabbie Mahopac MS What's the Best Conductor? Ryan Jayaswal Greenville anti-rollover system for HET's

Aditya Joshi Vyom Bhuwan Greenville Geometry of Bridges Noah Lessner Jack Roberts George Fischer MS How an Engine Starts Isani Mitra Louis M Klein Rubber Band Powered Cars Osborne Ringstad Rye Neck MS How hard is it to fool basic face recognition? Noah Rosencrantz Albert Leonard MS THE EXPLODING BOMB INSIDE YOUR CAR! Jeremy Shiu Tamas Smulovics Great Neck North MS Water Inflitrated

Parker Vanacoro George Fischer MS How to Make Planes Invisible to Radar TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING ENGINEERING Santiago Velona Isaac E. Young MS Facts about the propeller car Jonathan Yehezkel Jonah Berkowitz Great Neck North MS Gliding into the future

Niev Bhandare Greenville Can Plants prevent soil erosion? Tristan Bissoondial Grand Ave MS Glycine Betaine Improves Tolerance to Cadmium in Lemna minor

Amelia Bright Copiague MS The effects of plants roots on soil erosion Tye Burrus Copiague MS Does Using Biodegradable Substitutes to Plastic Really Make a Difference? Carlos Calderon-Hernandez Albert Leonard MS Air Pollution's impact on humans Atharv Gandhi Louis M Klein Using Mirrors With Solar Panels Ella Grann Rye Neck MS What impact do different amounts of Calcium Hydroxide (a possible way to raise pH to help with ocean acidification) have on

algae, Daphnia magna, and barnacles? ENVIRONMENT Cilley Ibarra Albert Leonard MS What Materials Make Ice Melt Faster? Karun Kulamavalavan Albert Leonard MS Biomedia Bonanza Kailyn Manning George Fischer MS The Beautiful Bee Kelly Morton Robert E Bell MS Biodegradable, Edible Bait Nora Morton Robert E Bell MS Earth Safe Face Masks Claire Ng Sarah Schmelkin Great Neck North MS Nitro Nitrate Growth Aarav Prasad George Fischer MS How helpful to the environment are electric cars, really? MIDDLE SCHOOL

Maddie/Madelena Rubenstein Rye Neck MS Tomato Plant Soil Experiment Solene Thinat Lindsey Simpson Pelham MS Does sugar water affect a plant's growth? Emil Sony Seely Place H20 & ME Louis Tesoriero Louis M Klein The Coolest Straw Ethan Tran Pelham MS "Go Get Some Fresh Air" But Is It Really Fresh?

Isaac Yan & Ashton Kahen Great Neck North MS Daphnia Dilemma ENVIRONMENT

Elena Adams Albert Leonard MS The Impact of Certain Activities On the Training of the Vestibular System to Reduce Dizziness Joseph Francois Albert Leonard MS What is the effect of Ciprofloxacin on Gram-negative and Gram-Positive bacteria in the soil? Anika Gursahani Robert E Bell MS Which Drink Is The Worst For Your Teeth

Benjamin Harris Robert E Bell MS How does your heart rate change when you hold your breath?

Joya Ishak, Zoe Robbins Seely Place Which Type of Hand Sanitizer Works Better? Alcoholic or Non- Carla Ruiz Fraile Alcoholic? Aanika Roy Pelham MS Matter of the heart: Association of Body Mass Index (BMI) with Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

HEALTH HEALTH George Santa Rye Neck MS Who Blocks it Better? MEDICINE Which Mask Types are Most Effective in Blocking Respiratory Particles From Reaching Others? Juliet Sayer Seely Place A Dog's Dietary Dilemma Nishika Singh Pelham MS Does Color Affect Your Heart Rate ? Kasper Sztabinski Copiague MS Which instrument mask works best?

Aadhya Vijil & Aditi Vijil Seven Bridges A study of Covid-19 affected other diseases

James Brady & Leon Kumar Seely Place Open, Global Classroom using Augmented Reality Technology Xander Robinson George Fischer MS AuthorAI

MATH Cory Seelenfreund Albert Leonard MS Poker Probability COMPUTES PSYCHOLOGY PHYSICS Irie Waterbury Irie Waterbury Shah Ananya Kiran Schwaderer Kai Mckenzie Elias &Kennel Carmel Jack Belfast Julian EliWeseley Sykes John Ramirez Samantha Huang & Hila Kattie Litman Carlos Chavez Schube Carmel Ainara & Phoebe - Jones Jones

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MARILYN REINER Joseph Sciame is a Fellow, Westchester section of the Science Teachers Association of New York State. He also serves as liaison of Bronx- Westchester STANYS to the Tri-County Science SCIENCE IN Fair, helping the top students at this competition EDUCATION FUND move on to the State Science Congress. Award for top overall HS score WE STRONGLY SUGGEST WATCHING

In the fall of 2004 we lost a strong supporter within our science community. JOSEPH SCIAME during our Marilyn Reiner, a retired high school science teacher from Pearl River HS, passed away unexpectedly. She elevated the standards for high school AWARDS CEREMONY ONLINE students by creating an additional competition for the top nine students at the Tri https://discoveryctr.org/tri-county-science-and-technology-fair/ County Science & Technology Fair. She was the president of the Westchester Click on Awards Ceremony and go about an hour in to listen to him Section of The Science Teachers Association of New York State and worked tirelessly on the Tri County Science & Technology Fair. In January 2005, The Putnam Children’s Discovery Center started a fund in her 30 PLUS YEARS STANYS & PCDC honor, and the monies raised are utilized solely for science activities for children. The Discovery Center reaches children in Putnam, Rockland, Westchester, The Tri County Science & Technology Fair has been in a fantastic Dutchess and Orange counties in New York State. The programs that currently partnership with The Science Teachers Association of NY will benefit are: Family Science, a program that helps to take the mystery out of (Westchester Section) since 1990 when the first idea of a regional Fair science; encourages parents not to be afraid of participating in their local sci- was born. It was then President Joanne Quinn and Executive ence fairs. The program also offers science fair project suggestions and support when “you get stuck” during the project process. Hands On Science, a program Director Janice Newman who forged a friendship that would grow (grades K-8) that takes place in school for students interested in science. The into the birth of the Discovery Center’s Hands On Science program program offers several hands on activities where questioning is encouraged and and the Tri County Science Technology Fair . Both are fantastic the children work with a teacher in small, informal groups. Tri County Science & opportunities for the student looking for a successful career in Technology Fair, an annual event for grades K-12. The best and the brightest science. When Joanne retired and moved to Florida she passed the students exhibit their projects, competing on a regional level. Three of the best researchers on the high school level go on to the NYS competitions. torch to Marilyn Reiner . Through the years the alliance with STANYS has remained firm and we are pleased to have Joe Sciame, the cur- To make a donation, please make checks payable to PCDC and memo MRSE rent chair speak at our awards ceremony. Always delightful , funny or Marilyn Reiner Science in Education. Mail to PCDC PO Box 222 Carmel, NY and reminding students to keep science in their daily lives. It is with 10512. Or use PayPal: [email protected] great pleasure that we recognize this alliance of 30 years in 2020. HIGH SCHOOL For purposes of the Fair High School Division is for Grades 9-12 Two on a project we use alpha system with the student closest to “A” being first in the sort

The top 5 students will be selected to continue to NYS Science Congress. There will be 4 alternates in the event that any of the 5 cannot go.

There is one Special Awards for High School:

Marilyn Reiner Science in Education for highest score

Roya Azar Harrison HS Determining the Implications of KRN7000 vs. AH10-3 in hCD1d-KI Mice and the Implications Vɑ24 Genotype on iNKT Cell Expression in VɑKI Mice for Cancer Immunotherapy Research Isabel Braun Fox Lane HS Replicating the Creation of the Cellular Membranes of Prebiotic Earth in a Freshwater Pond Luke Briody Byram Hills HS Elucidating mechanisms and impacts of age-related alterations in blood-CNS barriers: A transcriptome study of the aging blood-brain barrier and the dry age-related macular degeneration retina Marleigh Canter Byram Hills HS Identical but not the same: utilizing the epigenome to create forensically relevant biomarkers to discriminate monozygotic twins on the basis of

aging and smoking status

Kaitlyn DeRosa Somers HS A Case Study Analyzing the Effectiveness of Treatments for Pemphigus Foliaceus in Canines and Felines Lorraine DiSano Byram Hills HS Exploring the relationship between human presence and in-kennel stress behaviors in shelter dogs BIOLOGY Breanna Dorion Putnam Valley HS The Study of The Pitch Preference of Canadian Rocky Mountain Gray Wolves Haley Harris Byram Hills HS The development of dolphin creativity: An investigation of dolphin’s long term ability to apply strategies when utilizing creativity to complete cognitive tasks Eugenia Kaltsas Fox Lane HS The Relationship Between High School Extracurricular Activities and Later Life Cognitive Functioning Anosuya Kundu Irvington HS Aortic Dilations in C57BL/6J Male Mice and C57BL/6J Female Mice Daniela Lastras-Castrejon Hendrick Hudson HS Corticospinal Neuron Activity During Motor Behavior and After Corticospinal Tract Injury Jennifer Lee Fox Lane HS The Characterization of Neuronal Cell Toxicity Following Lead Exposure Vicente Lyon Yorktown HS Dissecting the immune response to babesiosis by blood transcriptome analysis Masoud Nabi Ardsley HS Imbalances of Redox following Nitrogen Mustard Exposure Neurotoxicity in Neuronal PC12 Cell

Biology continued on the next page CLINICAL/ SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY CHEMISTRY BIOLOGY Francesa Mangione Francesa Mangione Jasper Lincoln Julia Yang BrettWaldman Emma Silverman Ella Rimland Sebastian Garibaldi Garcia Alexandra Antonia DeMaria Alexa Cohen Colleen Brown Myla Bridges Tasmira Anika Lauren Amico Melissa Amante Alwadi Dania Andrew Schomber Katerina Popova & Zoe Lu

White White Plains HS White Plains HS White Plains HS HillsByram HS White Plains HS White Plains HS White Plains HS HillsByram HS HS Somers Peekskill HS New Rochelle HS Hackley School Yorktown HS Hastingson Hudson the HS New Rochelle HS Fox Lane HS Putnam Valley HS Irvington HS HIGH SCHOOL HIGH Clinical/Social Psychologycontinued on nextthe page

Structural Characterization ofHomomeric Interface CTLA of Osteopathic Diseases of Canines: A Study on its Association Between theAge of Spay/Neutering and DifferencesExamining in BloodCalcium, Phosphorus, andin VariousT4 Levels Breeds Pipeline Single RNA Cell Sequence Analysis of Nicotine SensitiveVia Brain Regions Scanpy High The Effect of Different Genres Music of Short On Mixed Status Living in theFamilies U.S. The Potentially Traumatic Effect Parental Deportation Hispanic Among has Children in The Influence ofAcademic Anxiety onHigh School Students Self searchlege process, andchild a relationship with a child Exploring parental expectations for children The Effects COVIDof the The Effects of Music Therapy on TheAttention of Adolescents Span Diet and Comorbiditiesin Psychosis Investigatingrisks for developing depression in parents ofwith children cancer Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents Investigating Associationa Potential Between Perceived Parental Care/Closeness and The Affects of Media Social on Teenage BodyImage Modeling Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Solution AntimicrobialApplications Refining Synthesis ofCopper Nanoparticles Formed inSitu on CompositesPLA for inApplicationsNovel Energy Storage Devices Synthesis, Data Collection, and ofAnalysis GrapheneNoble MetalAerogels for Future CalculatingConduction Band Energy of CoMP11Hydrogen Catalyst AssessmentQuantitative of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Checkpoint Protein - School Students

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HIGH SCHOOL Alexander Gaspar Mahopac HS Relationship of the Platforms Snapchat, TikTok and Instagram with Depression, Andrea Settembrini Stress, and Anxiety in High School Students Katelynn Gottlieb Fox Lane HS The Effect of Pets on Human Emotions Sydney Gottschall Sleepy Hollow HS Determining the effect of parent-initiated motivational climates on attitudes toward moral decision making in sports. Karen Jaramillo Sleepy Hollow HS The Correlation between Student-teacher relationship and Grit

Isabelle John White Plains HS The Cardiovascular Implications of Racial Discrimination Erica Joseph Somers HS The Effect of Economic Downturns on Intimate Partner Violence Raquel Kanner Byram Hills HS How do others perceive me? An exploration of the influence of self-disclosure statements on viewer perceptions of emerging adults who stutter Andrew Kao Fox Lane HS How The Manifestation Of Grief Can Be Grouped By Age In Children Anna Keane Somers HS The Validity of Using the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale as a Method for Screening Anxiety Disorders Ariel Lau Irvington HS Client Demographic and Play Therapy Outcomes Sabrina Lin New Rochelle HS Screen-time Activities Affect on ADHD Symptoms in Children Victoria Longo Mahopac HS The Effects of Artificial and Natural Ambient Light on Short Term Memory Olivia Saturn Jickinson Louis Sleepy Hollow HS Analyzing distress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among young caregivers com- pared to non-caregivers Abigail Lowder Putnam Valley HS The Role of Desperation on Relationship Preferences: Dealbreaker and Dealmakers

Elizabeth Manowitz Byram Hills HS Comparing incremental language processing in toddlers with autism spectrum

disorder and typically developing toddlers CLINICAL/ SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY SOCIAL CLINICAL/ Jack McCormick New Rochelle HS How Has Quarantine Affected Depression in Adolescents and Young Adults? Natalia McMorris New Rochelle HS The Impact of Covid-19 on PTSD Vaishali Miriyagalla Walter Panas HS Need for Closure and Need for Cognition as Predictors of Perceptions of Diversity, Creativity, and Grit Priyesha Modi Walter Panas HS Social Media and What You Like Madison Morgan Sleepy Hollow HS Improving teens’ apparel decisions to be more environmentally conscious through education Grace Newcombe Walter Panas HS The Effect of Math Anxiety on Academic Performance in Adolescents Julia Ognibene The Ursuline School Investigating the Efficacy of Outpatient Withdrawal Services: Understanding the Impacts of Age and Gender

Clinical/Social Psychology continued on the next page HIGH SCHOOL

Elias Owen Fox Lane HS The Correlation Between COVID-19 Severity, Altruism Levels, and the Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Sophia Pak New Rochelle HS The Effects of Distanced Learning on Teens During the COVID-19 Pandemic Alessandra Pappalardi New Rochelle HS The Relationship Between the Meaning of Popularity and High Schoolers Joshua Ramnanan New Rochelle HS Problematic Phones?

Sean Reichbach Somers HS Does the American Political System Harm US Representative Democracy? Julie Rios Somers HS The Frequency of Sleep Disturbances Among Firefighters in the Tri-State Area

Gabby Ripka Byram Hills HS “The Hillary Clinton Effect?”: Evidence that female politicians use more personal pronouns and fewer collective pronouns than their male counterparts Wilmer Roldan Cochancela White Plains HS The Levels of Self-Esteem and Quality of Life of Young People with Chronic Juvenile Arthritis. Maria Saes Harrison HS Psychological Theories that Best Describe Crime Patterns in a Northeastern Suburban U.S. Town. Sarah Sagner White Plains HS Convenience, Location, and School Quality: Examining the Role that Transportation Plays in School Choice Decisions Marie Lucia (Chia) Yorktown HS Motivation Loss and Stress: The Effects of No Longer Having Access to Stress- Salisbury Reducing Resources and the Benefits of Online Mental Health Resources Kirthana Sane Walter Panas HS The Effects of Bilingualism on Toddlers' Executive Functioning Melanie Schwartz White Plains HS Mental Health Outcomes of Family Caregivers in 2015 vs. 2020 Jessica Shapiro New Rochelle HS The Effect of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Adult Cancer Patients CLINICAL/ SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY SOCIAL CLINICAL/ Amal Shibu Walter Panas HS Relationship Between Caregiver Stress and Patient Depression Score in Alzheimer's Disease Nicole Silvagni Mahopac HS Effect of Owners' Personality on Dogs' (Canis Lupus Familiaris) Behavior Lily Spertus Newman New Rochelle HS Understanding Political Polarization: Social Media Behavior in Relation to Political Be- liefs, Conformity and Intolerance Sophie Stumacher Byram Hills HS "Peek-a-boo!": Determining the latency to laughter in the case of three different jokes within infants aged six to eighteen months Olivia Toth Putnam Valley HS The Effect of a Video Support Intervention on Willingness for the Adoption of a Plant-Based Diet: Examining the Implications of Demographic Differences

Clinical/Social Psychology continued on the next page

HIGH SCHOOL

Chloe Weissman Byram Hills HS The association between marital relationship adjustment and the number of children in families coping with pediatric cancer Sarah Yakout Yorktown HS Different Factors Affecting Studnet's Participation in Physical Education Class

Annie Zhao Fox Lane HS Values That Affect COVID-19 Vaccination Response in School Students and Staff

CLINICAL/ SOCIAL SOCIAL CLINICAL/ PSYCHOLOGY

Nicolas Bauco Westlake HS A Novel Analytical Model of Ice Flexure on the Bands of Jupiter's Moon Europa Based on the Tectonic Forces at Island Chains

Eadin Block Irvington HS X-ray Analysis of High Energy Compact Sources Detected on the Galactic Plane Joshua Chang Irvington HS Using Traffic Cameras to Correlate Snow With Motor Vehicle Crashes in New York State Kaitlyn Chen Sleepy Hollow HS Examining the behaviors of minor objects from the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) Aimee Holland Westlake HS Calculating the Rate of Cosmic Microspherule Deposition: A Novel Global Time Marker for Geologic Reconstruction

Joseph Nadol Hackley School Determining the optimal detrending method to search for single-transit long-period EARTH / / SPACE EARTH planets Luz Ticona Sleepy Hollow HS Determining the factors that affect the amount of open flux regions in the solar magnetic field Hannah Wang Scarsdale HS Using Rare Dust Absorbers to Calculate Column Density and Other Properties

in the Early Universe

Lucy Barest White Plains HS Apps Increase Student Productivity Jobin Binu Daniel New Rochelle HS The Use of Carbon Nanofibers to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Bricks. Nicholas Cirillo Somers HS Development of Biomimicry Drag Cloths for Robotic Tick Collection Bailey Fisher Harrison HS Creating a Wearable Device to Help Parkinson's Patients Maintain an Upright Seated

Position

ENGINEERING ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY HIGH SCHOOL

Kieran Freed New Rochelle HS Development of an Expedited Data Analysis Method for Carbon Nanotube Biosensors

Ryan Geiger Fox Lane HS A Comprehensive Comparison of Dynamically Accreted Impact Ice Adhesion Strength Testing Relative to Adhesion Strength Trends Shivi Jain Edgemont Jr/Sr HS - HS Domain Expansion of Gait Trajectories to Improve the Design of the Cable-Driven Exoskeleton, C-ALEX Renuka Muralidhar Mahopac HS Modeling for Identifying Methane Emissions Matthew Pena Westlake HS The Astronomy Game: Engineering Educational Software

Swaroop Pujari Yorktown HS Utilizing a Modified Electrostatic Precipitator for the Efficient Removal of Particulate TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING ENGINEERING Matter at its Origin Tessa Schwartz Byram Hills HS The effects of scaling on muscle force production in biological machines Amal Verghese New Rochelle HS People's Understanding of Machine Learning and How Much it Affects their Lives

Quinn Alami Fox Lane HS Potential Emission Mitigation From Biogas Digesters When Implemented In Place

of Septic Systems Through A Home-Scaled Data Comparison Jacqueline Ceja New Rochelle HS I-Tree Tracking of Carbon in Ward Acres Park Eileen Dockery Harrison HS Using citizen scientists to asses risk factors for wildlife-vehicle collisions Alisa D'Souza Peekskill HS Climate-Driven Adaptation of Nutrient Preferences and Cycling of Mixotrophic Green Noctiluca scintillans in the Arabian Sea Matthew Finnerty Yorktown HS Preventing Harmful Algal Blooms Utilizing The Black Walnut Tree Cayla Gona Putnam Valley HS The Effect of Temperature, Depth, and Micro Plastic in Sand on Sea Turtle Hatch and Emergence Success on Southeast Florida Beaches ENVIRONMENT Olivia Goncalves Putnam Valley HS The Effect of Power Plant Thermal Exhaust on the Migration of Sea Turtles on the Southern Coast of Florida Sankar Gopalkrishna Edgemont Jr/Sr HS - HS Applications of Machine Learning Techniques on the Study of Urban Heat Islands in White Plains Celia Holden White Plains HS A Spatial Analysis Of Sky Brightness in International Dark Sky Association Designated U.S. National Parks Maya Karintholil Yorktown HS The Impact of the Presence of Mougeotia scalaris on Macroinvertebrate Adarsh Nair Pollution Tolerance in Microcosms from Freshwater Systems HIGH SCHOOL Samantha Levin Irvington HS The Relationship Between the American Eel Population and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Ava Liebmann Rye Neck HS The Effect of Heat Stress on the Function of RuBisCo Jenna Lombino White Plains HS Identifying individual bobcats (lynx rufus) using camera traps Aviv Markus Irvington HS Effectiveness of Native and Invasive Terrestrial Herbaceous Plants in Mitigating Nitrogen in Leachate Sera Mishra Westlake HS Quantifying the Level of Emerald Ash Borer Infestation vs. Variability in Ash Tree Dieback Characteristics and Ecosystems Jacob Nachamie Putnam Valley HS The Effects of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on the Hatching Success of the

Common Loon (Gavia immer) in New York’s Adirondack Park

Cayla Ossen-Gutnick Hastings on the Hudson HS Clarifying bobcat (Lynx rufus) Distribution in Westchester (NY) and Fairfield (CT) Counties: A Comprehensive Compilation of Existing Data and a Targeted Non- Invasive Camera-Trap Search in a Distribution Void Jessica Park Rye Neck HS The Effect of Different Material Makeups on the Compressive Strength of Dye Sensitized Solar Concrete Alexander Pedersen Somers HS The Effects of Varying Levels of Human Activity on Suburban Ecosystems in the Lower Hudson Valley as Measured by Salamander Populations of Plethodon cinereus

ENVIRONMENT Sofia Perrone Irvington HS Mitigating the Effects of Acidification: Can Seagrass Influence Larval Shell Growth in the Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria? Kristen Reiss North Salem HS Variables Affecting the Growth of Japanese Stiltgrass, Microstegium Vinenium Eric Salley Fox Lane HS The Effects of Acidification on the Distribution of Smalltooth Sawfish in Biscayne Bay from 2008-2014 Leyla Selman New Rochelle HS The Effect of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Traffic and its Relationship with Air Quality in The Bronx, New York Jasmine Sizer Fox Lane HS THE RESILIENCE OF DIFFERENT CORAL GENERA IN WAKATOBI, INDONESIA, FROM APRIL 2010- JANUARY 2011 Aliya Tang Sleepy Hollow HS The effectiveness of medicinal plant extracts on inhibiting bacterial growth Kaitlin Weglarz Walter Panas HS The relationship between individuals’ perceptions on Canis lupus and the future of Canis lupus’ existence Reinesse Wong Wong Irvington HS DNA Methylation and Virulence in Bacterial Blight Rice Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Jaewon Yeo Somers HS Are You Cleaning More During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Community Survey to Better Understand the Usage of Cleaning Products and Inform Families How to Im- prove Household Environments HIGH SCHOOL

Ryan Hadi Briarcliff HS An Assessment of Knowledge, Opinions, and Access to Genetically Modified Foods in a Suburban Community Larissa Iraj Harrison HS The Epigenetic Effects of the Antioxidant, Resveratrol, on Prolonging the Lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster Over Multiple Generations Helennith Jurado White Plains HS The Effects of Tea on Stress and Attention Eleanor Millard Harrison HS Factors Which May Affect the Purchase of Gluten-Free Products Thomas Morgan Fox Lane HS The Mental Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation on Gym/Exercise Performance Julina Paruta Harrison HS The Effect Of The New Western Diet On The Metabolite Concentration On The Epithelial Cells And The Microbiome Of The Small And Large Intestines: A Study Of Factors That Could Lead To Tumor Development Ashley Rivera White Plains HS The Link between Asthma and Obesity in Adults During a Supervised Exercise Intervention HEALTH/ NUTRITION HEALTH/ Melissa Soto White Plains HS Touch Sensitivity During The First Year of Life In Human Infants: Effects of Sex, Sleep State, and NICU Experience Benjamin Taffet Rye Neck HS Feasibility of Assessing Locomotor Respiratory Coupling During Running Training. Jillian Williams Harrison HS Comparing Weight Changes During Treatment Epochs in Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Debility Patients Henry Yuan Edgemont Jr/Sr HS - HS Mortality Analysis Of COVID-19

Armaan Ahmed Scarsdale HS Design of a low resource screening technology for HIV drug resistance using

SHERLOCK

Ella Chee Iva Chee Yorktown HS Developing a Convolutional Neural Network Classifier to Identify Atrial Fibrillation Rhythms from Electrocardiogram Recordings Ava Cheung The Ursuline School Binary classification of skin lesions into dangerous and non-dangerous spots

Rationale MATH

Austin Chin Sleepy Hollow HS Determining if Pappus’ and Desargues’ Theorems generalize for 11 and 12 lines COMPUTES Lior Gurion Rye Country Day School Identification of Factors Contributing to Variability in Concentrations of a Monoclonal Antibody in Patients with Cancer Matthew Kahn Somers HS A Deep Q-Learning System for Stock Market Trading

Math / Computers continued on the next page HIGH SCHOOL Luke Marinelli Putnam Valley HS Determining the Efficiency of Programming Languages on a Modern Computer. Morgan Remeza Harrison HS Use of Solar Panel Staging to Reduce Propellant Mass and Time of Flight for Space- flight Missions Approaching the Sun

Jaden Rothschild Somers HS The Optimization of Player Lineups and the Effect of Coaching Efficiency in the 2018-

2019 NBA season Peyton Schales Ardsley HS Identification of Correlated Qubit Errors for Quantum Computing Error Correction

Mark Takken North Salem HS Investigating Neural Network Structures Through the Game of Go MATH Alexa Tyberg Mahopac HS Investigating Channel-Adapted Bacon-Shor Quantum Error Correction Codes

COMPUTES in a Realistic Setting Nishi Uppuluri Edgemont Jr/Sr HS - HS Developing the Writing Skills of Young Children Using Natural Language Processing Fanglin Yuan Yorktown HS A Direction Detection Vision System for Wrong Way Driving Implementations Daniel Zhang Hackley School Evaluation and development of neural network-based methods for improved imputation of missing values in time series data

Emily Allendorf Sleepy Hollow HS The Association Between COVID-19 and Cancer-Related Distress Isabelle Balachandran New Rochelle HS An Ensemble Method for Ranking Cancers to Target KIF19 Phoebe Barnes Westlake HS A Novel Neurological Basis for Opioid Addiction? How Orexin Receptor Knockouts Impact Neurons in the Lateral Hypothalamus Maria Bazdekis Irvington HS The Development of Sonified Biofeedback for Rehabilitation Purposes and Future

Applications

Colette Brand Fox Lane HS The Comorbidity of Eye Degeneration, Diabetes, and Brain Degeneration

Sofia Caceres Ardsley HS Ronin (Thap 11) Overexpression Induces Cerebellar Degeneration in a Mouse Model Lucy Zwaka of Ataxia Amanda Cao New Rochelle HS Gender Bias in Online Patient Healthcare Reviews Alicia Carvalho-Evans Sleepy Hollow HS Evaluating Neuropsychological Test Scores and NfL Plasma Levels in Normal Cognitive and Alzheimer’s Disease in Patients of Hispanic, Mexican American Decent

Marcus Chung White Plains HS Immune Stimulating Effect of Oligoribonucleotides MEDICINE and MEDICINEand

& TECHNOLOGY & Peyton DiSiena Somers HS Assessing the Correlation Between Most Affected Demographics of the Novel Coro- MEDICAL SCIENCE MEDICALSCIENCE navirus (COVID-19) and Vaccines Administered in the US from 1920-2020

Medicine and Medical Science & Technology continued on the next page HIGH SCHOOL Emily Dodd Somers HS Differential Weight Regulation and Stress Susceptibility in LRRK2 G2019S mice

Hailey Dorsainvil The Ursuline School Impact of insulin delivery method on hemoglobin A1c in male vs. female emerging adults with T1D Alexandra Downes Irvington HS Reporting of Race & Ethnicity in Cochlear Implant Outcome Studies Tess Davidowitz Siena Edwards Westlake HS The Phantom Flu: Investigating How COVID-19 Impacted Influenza-Like Illness Activity and Cases During the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 Flu Seasons

Kira Gabriel Irvington HS Functional Capacity Testing in Children and Adolescents with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Rowan Haffner Scarsdale HS An In-Depth Analysis of Telehealth during the Covid-19 Pandemic Manolis Huerta-Stylianou Iona Preparatory School Using Cosine Similarity to Determine the Extent to Which Genes Affected by Marfanoid Progenoid Lipodystrophy Are Connected Johanna Hunt Edgemont Jr/Sr HS - HS Cardiovascular benefits of exoskeletal-assisted walking for spinal cord injured patients Alexa Jindal Byram Hills HS Investigating Platelet-Rich Plasma to Improve Functional Mobility in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis Christian Kirchmann Somers HS Determining the Healing Rate of Diabetic Foot Ulcers using Hemoglobin A1C

Augustin Kiriyanthan Ardsley HS Studying the Effects of Different Tricyclic Compounds on an Alzheimer’s Disease Anay Mody Caenorhabditis Elegans Model and Identifying Different Gene Targets of the Compounds Anisha Kumar Ardsley HS Impact of Betamethasone on the Expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Positive Kaitlyn Tomeny Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus Anika Kumar Byram Hills HS Stem cell treatment for stroke: A meta-analysis of effects on functional and pathophysiological outcomes Lulejeta Latifi Somers HS Surgery In A Pandemic Epicenter

MEDICINE AND MEDICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY MEDICAL SCIENCE MEDICINEAND Lyla Loria Fox Lane HS Association Between Thyroid Dysfunction and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study in a Skilled Nursing Facility in Westchester County, NY Riya Mariya Alex Fox Lane HS Genetic Variants of PAI-1 and TGF-b and the Role They Play in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Rebekah Muldoon Mahopac HS Vestibular Testing in Dizzy Teens

Medicine and Medical Science & Technology continued on the next page HIGH SCHOOL Andres Nunez New Rochelle HS Molecular Weight Characterization of Trastuzumab Antibody Fragments

Sean O'Donnell White Plains HS Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress’ Effect on UPR Activation and Beta Cell Proliferation Kaylee Oppenheimer Hastings on the Hudson HS Do Bainbridge-Ropers Syndrome Causing ASXL3 Mutations Influence Transcript Stability and Exon Exclusion/Inclusion by Disrupting Exonic Splicing Enhancer Sequences? Sofia Pansini Fox Lane HS Using CRISPR Gene Editing to Over-express the CXCL12-beta in Stem Cell Derived Beta Cells Mihir Patil Edgemont Jr/Sr HS - HS Integrative Analysis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment Utilizing Omics with an Emphasis on CEACAM6 Alexa Pearson Yorktown HS The Impact of Traumatic Brain Injuries on the Initiation of Migraines

Naomi Peck Fox Lane HS Investigating decitabine resistance in EBV+ Burkitt lymphoma cells Michael Potanin Hackley School Computational Biology of IL2RG Insertion into a Safe Harbor Locus to treat Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Allie Rosenberg Irvington HS The Pediatric Neck Index: A Validation Study Chinmay Satpute Yorktown HS Predicting Influenza Spread Using Machine Learning Through Open Source Twitter Data Chelsea Seidel Hastings on the Hudson HS The Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Sleep Duration and Quality in Pregnant Women Nitin Seshadri Somers HS Early Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease with a Multimodal Multitask Deep Learning Model Scarlett Silvestro Yorktown HS Factors Affecting the Method of Therapy Used by Speech-Language Pathologists to Treat Post-Stroke Aphasia Gabriella Susca Somers HS Identifying genetic markers of response from CAR T cell pre-infusion products in responding/non-responding CLL patients to determine methods of modulating

MEDICINE AND MEDICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY MEDICAL SCIENCE MEDICINEAND expression of these genes Abigail Tsuji White Plains HS TDO2 (Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase) as a Novel Target for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Michael Zhong Ardsley HS The Identification and Validation of Novel Targets and Pathways of Alzheimer's Disease Through Integrated System Approaches HIGH SCHOOL James Cecere Irvington HS Detecting Temperature with Sound

Nicola DeMarinis Somers HS Characterizing Asteroids Using Photometric Data Deepta Gupta Rye Country Day School Exploring the High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Neutrino Blazar Candidate Source TXS 0506+056 Sander Miller Edgemont Jr/Sr HS - HS Temperature's effect on core and edge rotational velocity in tokamak plasmas

PHYSICS Adam Oppenheimer Hastings on the Hudson HS An Investigation of Blazar Jet Variability through an Analysis of Ton 599

Margaret Andruss Sleepy Hollow HS Determining the Effect of Biofeedback on Test Anxiety Rusel Ardiano White Plains HS “Determine How Socioeconomic Status Effects Anxiety And Depression Via Stress” Veronika Bilinski Mahopac HS Analyzing The Change Of Crime Rates Among Different Areas Of New York Due To Kiarra Condon The Outbreak Of Covid-19 Olivia Canter Byram Hills HS Birds of a feather age together: Telomere dynamics and social behavior predict lifespan in female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) Julianna Coppola White Plains HS How Holistic Chiropractic Care Affects Quality of Life and Pain Lily Deitelzweig Byram Hills HS Elucidating the link between Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Kir6.2-/- APP/PS1 exhibit behavioral deficits without an increase in amyloid-beta plaque load Christian DiLapi Putnam Valley HS Determining the Effects of An Educational Intervention on the Opinion and Knowledge of Vaping's Effect on Longevity Mia Dittrich Byram Hills HS Epigenetic editing of Cdk5 leads to sexually dimorphic stress responses.

Juliette Ekeroth Klink Valhalla HS Determining the Benefits of Mindfulness in Adolescents Dylan Ertel Byram Hills HS I can’t even imagine: An exploration of teens’ reactions to a friends’ parent affected by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Riley Fullerton New Rochelle HS People's Views on Implanted/Wearable Artificial Intelligence Emelyn Juenger Irvington HS Targeting Nociceptin Receptors in Depression: A [11C]NOP1A PET Study

Emily Loza Lojano Sleepy Hollow HS Examining the effect of birth order on leadership, responsibility, perseverance

PHYSIOLOGICAL/EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY PHYSIOLOGICAL/EXPERIMENTAL and anxiety in adolescents Physiological/Experimental Psychology continued on the next page HIGH SCHOOL

Celeste Paerels Hastings on the Hudson HS Up In Smoke: Recent Influences on Adolescent E-Cigarette Usage

Julia Schnipper Scarsdale HS The Use of Electronic Health Record-Based Messaging as a Means to Increase

Diabetic Patient Medical Adherence Alexandria Smith Fox Lane HS The Impact of Remote/Virtual Learning, and the Perception of Quality of Learning

Alliyah Steele Putnam Valley HS A Visual Cortex Examination: Familiarity and Selective-ROI BOLD Signal differences between Scenes and Objects, Behaviorally and Neurologically Anastasia Tchernikov Westlake HS Investigating Three Animal Models of Depression and Their Correlation with Sleep Abnormalities as a Predictor for Clinical Trials in Humans

Michael Whittaker Putnam Valley HS Motivation In an Online Learning Scenario

PHYSIOLOGICAL/ EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL

Financial Support is always welcome

Use PayPal: [email protected] Or mail: Putnam Children's Discovery Center, Inc. PO Box 222 Carmel, NY 10512