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ROSA ARCUS “RAINBOW ” ALL ABOUT

Amanda Bennett, Extension Educator Ohio State University Extension Miami County

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ROSE HISTORY

THE ROSE INDUSTRY’S DILEMMA

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“A Rose By Any Other Name…” PROFILE OF MODERN GARDENER

• According to fossil record, the rose has been around 35 million years • Symbol of love, romance, beauty, war, and politics . Less space • Used as confetti, for medicinal purposes, perfume, legal tender . Less time ’ • Was declared America s floral emblem by President Reagan in 1986 . Wants color for small areas . Wants easy care plants . Using more mixed baskets, containers, patio gardening . Heavy climatic disease pressure

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TRADITIONAL ROSE GARDENS GRANDMAS AND ROSARIANS • Mostly long-stemmed hybrid teas • Very formal style • For avid gardeners • Used for cutting stems

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ALONG COMES KNOCK OUT TYPES OF ROSES . Changed rose industry . Black spot resistant . Positioned as ever- blooming perennial . Marketed to landscape industry . Well-known, heavily promoted by media

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TYPES OF ROSES: KNOCKOUTS TYPES OF ROSES: CLIMBING ROSE

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CLIMBING MINI ‘CANDY CANE’ AND CLIMBERS ‘FOURTH OF JULY’ ‘RAINBOW’S END’

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TYPE OF ROSES: EVERBLOOMING TYPES OF ROSES: RAMBLERS CLIMBERS

 Less vigorous  Slower grower  Heavy spring flowers  MIGHT bloom in fall  Winter hardy, disease resistant

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TYPES OF ROSES: RAMBLERS COMBINATIONS: WITH CLEMATIS

Rosa ‘Open Arms’ Rosa ‘Phyllis Bide’

Photo credit : gardenia.net

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TYPES OF ROSES: HYBRID TEAS TYPES OF ROSES: POLYANTHA

‘Grumpy Rose’ Photo credit : heirloomroses.com

‘Lovely Fairy®’

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FLORIBUNDA – ‘ANGEL FACE’ AND ‘Mardi Gras’ ‘ICEBERG’

Photo credit : fineartamerica.com

Photo credit : gardenia.net Photo credit : naturehills.com

Photo credit : vinlandvalleynursery.com ‘Angel Face’ ‘Iceberg’ Photo credit : styleroses.co.uk ‘Hot Cocoa’ ‘Tenacious’

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GRANDIFLORA GRANDIFLORA

‘Queen Elizabeth’

Photo credit : gardenia.net

Photo credit : homedecorrgardeningflowers.info Photo credit : jparkers.co.uk Photo credit : garden.org ‘Lagerfield’ ‘FAME!’

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CLASSIFICATION OF FLOWERS GRADES

Double 17‐25 petals

Photo credit : southernliving.com

Photo credit : rainforest2548.org

Single 4‐8 petals Semi‐double Photo credit: secure.caes.uga.edu 9‐16 petals Photo credit : gardeningknowhow.com

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PURCHASING GRAFTED VS OWN-ROOT ROSES

Photo credit: Lowes

Photo credit : almanac.com Photo credit : freshgardenliving.com

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GRAFTED ROSES GROWING CONDITIONS

6< morning

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PLANTING NOTES TRANSPLANTING ROSES • During dormancy (Dec-Mar) • Cut 1/3 canopy back • Move as much of root ball as possible

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WATERING FERTILIZING

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PEST CONTROL BEGINS WITH YOU! DISEASE: BLACK SPOT

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DISEASE: CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT & RUST DISEASE: POWDERY MILDEW

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OTHERS… ROSE ROSETTE

Rose mosaic virus

Botrytis blight

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PESKY INSECTS PESKY INSECTS

Aphids Cane borer

Leaf cutter bee

Japanese beetles

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OTHERS… Sawfly larvae BENEFICIALS

Rose midge

Thrip Spider mite

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WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAINTENANCE PRUNING AND DEADHEADING? • One is a trim, and one is a major cut

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WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY HOW DO I PROPERLY DEADHEAD? ROSES?

 GOOD – Do nothing. Modern roses are bred to rebloom.  Always prune roses in spring.  BETTER – Pop off old blooms or snip off the tops with pruners.  Good rule of thumb - wait until forsythia  BEST – Ideally, cut at a 45-degree angle ¼ -inch above a has started to bloom. five-leaflet leaf.  Do not prune in the fall. In very windy Don’t be afraid. You’re NOT going to hurt your roses. areas, just lightly prune the plant to about two feet to prevent wind damage during the winter.

 Don’t worry about pruning perfectly. Use your hedge clippers!

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WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY WHAT’S AN OUTSIDE EYE? ROSES?  Right above leaf  Remove 1/2 to 2/3 of the plant  Will become next stem  Remove dead wood  Encourages urn-shape  Take out any weak or crossing branches  Cut off any root suckers  Prune to an outside eye

Photo credit: University of New Hampshire

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WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY ROSES? ROSES? For hybrid teas, grandifloras, floribundas, and For repeat-flowering minis: shrub roses: • Prune hard in early spring (1/2 – 2/3 of plant • Leave for 2-3 years height • Prune by 1/3 method – Remove all dead canes, small weak canes – In spring remove 1/3 of oldest canes – Leave 3-5 healthy stout canes spaced evenly – Identify about 1/3 of – Cut those back to 3-5 outward facing buds newest canes to keep – Remove the remaining canes

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WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY ROSES? ROSES? Old Climbers – Early spring • Once bloomers – AFTER flowering Ramblers – AFTER flowering • Repeat flowerers – Before flowering

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HOW DO I PROTECT MY ROSES IN THE HOW DO I PROTECT MY ROSES IN THE WINTER? Option 1: Mounding Soil WINTER? Option 2: Wire Mesh Collar

Photo credit: University of New Hampshire Photo credit: University of New Hampshire

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HOW DO I PROTECT MY ROSES IN THE WINTER? Option 3: Burlap

Rose Breeding Program

Photo credit: University of New Hampshire

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Commercial Rose Breeding Program

• Over 100 years old • Step 1: Set breeding objectives • Only four full-time breedersl • Step 2: Parental selection • 3,000 plants of 300 varieties – Possess unique characteristics for • Step 3: Hybridizing process (April-June, December) disease resistance, fragrance, colors, and habits • Step 4: Progeny selection (4-6 years) • 100,000 crosses each year • Step 5: Global trialing (2 years) • 400,000 hybrid seed produced • Step 6: Build-up and commercial introduction • Exclusive proprietary database with 40+ years of breeding information

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STEP 1: Set Breeding Objectives STEP 2: Parental Selection • Based on marketing requirements for next 10 years • Choose parents that will most likely yield progeny – Marketing trends with desired objectives – Consumer surveys • 300 varieties in J&P’s proprietary gene pool – Analysis of sales data – Ongoing goals • Improved health • Increased vigor • Novelty

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STEP 3: Hybridizing Process STEP 4: Progeny Selection • Conduct pollinations (April to June) • 400,000 seedlings • Harvest and clean seed (August to September) • Stratify seed (70 to 90 days at 2˚C) • 2,000-2,500 selections • Plant seed (December) • Occurs February to June • Selections are propagated and increased for further review in the field • Each seedling is evaluated at least 6 years before Pollinating Harvesting seed Planting seed selected for introduction 63 64

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STEP 5: International Trialing

United States Switzerland France The Japan England

New Spain Zealand J&P

Australia Holland

Chile Germany Italy

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Biosynthetic Pathway of Pigments Flavonoid 3’- Flavonoid 3’, 5’- hydroxylase hydroxylase Roses Are Red, Violets Are Blue OH OH OH OH OH HO O HO O HO O OH

OH OH OH OH O OH O OH O

OH OH Lavande Madam Violet OH OH OH + + + HO O HO O HO O OH

OH OH OH OH OH OH

cyanidin Pelargonidin delphinidin blue pigment AOZORA (Blue Seiryu sky) (Blue Dragon) The pathway of roses 67 68

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WHY BUY A PATENTED ROSE?

Roses for the Midwest

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WHY BUY A PATENTED ROSE? WHY BUY A PATENTED ROSE? • Represents 100+ years’ rose breeding experience • Superior than non-patent counterparts • Better bloom form • Shorter bloom cycle Mister Lincoln Veterans’ Honor • Much better disease resistance Introduced in 1965 Introduced in 2000 Red HT Red HT • Greater vigor and growth habit Light red color Velvety red color 60-day cycle 45-day cycle • New colors and fragrances Blues as it ages Doesn’t blue 4-inch blooms Larger flower Soft flower form Better form

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BEST ROSES FOR THE MIDWEST BEST ROSES FOR THE MIDWEST EASY-TO-LOVE COLLECTION Disease Resistant Collections

Cinco de Mayo Easy Does It Easy Going Easy on the Eyes Floribunda Floribunda Floribunda Shrub

Easy Spirit Easy to Please Julia Child Livin’ Easy Floribunda Floribunda Floribunda Floribunda

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WEEKS ROSES 2021

New From Weeks Roses

‘Golden Opportunity’ ‘Playful Happy Trails’ Climber Groundcover

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WEEKS ROSES 2021 WEEKS ROSES 2021

‘Silver Lining’ Floribunda ‘Fun in the Sun’ Grandiflora ‘Pink Snowflakes’ ‘Ringo All-Star’ Shrub rose Shrub rose

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2019 New Roses

TO INFINITY AND BEYOND! The Future of Rose Breeding

‘Perfume Factory’ Desdemona Hybrid Tea variety David Austin English Rose

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Thornless Roses Compact Plants with Hybrid Tea Blooms

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New Colors Really Big Tree Roses

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Shade-Loving Roses Drought Tolerant Roses

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Really Cold Hardy Roses New Fragrances

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ROSA ARCUS “”

ANY QUESTIONS?

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