3/23/2021 ROSA ARCUS “RAINBOW ROSE” ALL ABOUT ROSES Amanda Bennett, Extension Educator Ohio State University Extension Miami County 12 ROSE HISTORY THE ROSE INDUSTRY’S DILEMMA 34 1 3/23/2021 “A Rose By Any Other Name…” PROFILE OF MODERN GARDENER • According to fossil record, the rose has been around 35 million years • Symbol of love, romance, beauty, war, and politics . Less space • Used as confetti, for medicinal purposes, perfume, legal tender . Less time ’ • Was declared America s floral emblem by President Reagan in 1986 . Wants color for small areas . Wants easy care plants . Using more mixed baskets, containers, patio gardening . Heavy climatic disease pressure 56 TRADITIONAL ROSE GARDENS GRANDMAS AND ROSARIANS • Mostly long-stemmed hybrid teas • Very formal style • For avid gardeners • Used for cutting stems 78 2 3/23/2021 ALONG COMES KNOCK OUT TYPES OF ROSES . Changed rose industry . Black spot resistant . Positioned as ever- blooming perennial . Marketed to landscape industry . Well-known, heavily promoted by media 910 TYPES OF ROSES: KNOCKOUTS TYPES OF ROSES: CLIMBING ROSE 11 12 3 3/23/2021 CLIMBING MINI ‘CANDY CANE’ AND CLIMBERS ‘FOURTH OF JULY’ ‘RAINBOW’S END’ 13 14 TYPE OF ROSES: EVERBLOOMING TYPES OF ROSES: RAMBLERS CLIMBERS Less vigorous Slower grower Heavy spring flowers MIGHT bloom in fall Winter hardy, disease resistant 15 16 4 3/23/2021 TYPES OF ROSES: RAMBLERS COMBINATIONS: WITH CLEMATIS Rosa ‘Open Arms’ Rosa ‘Phyllis Bide’ Photo credit : gardenia.net 17 18 TYPES OF ROSES: HYBRID TEAS TYPES OF ROSES: POLYANTHA ‘Grumpy Rose’ Photo credit : heirloomroses.com ‘Lovely Fairy®’ 19 20 5 3/23/2021 FLORIBUNDA – ‘ANGEL FACE’ AND FLORIBUNDA ‘Mardi Gras’ ‘ICEBERG’ Photo credit : fineartamerica.com Photo credit : gardenia.net Photo credit : naturehills.com Photo credit : vinlandvalleynursery.com ‘Angel Face’ ‘Iceberg’ Photo credit : styleroses.co.uk ‘Hot Cocoa’ ‘Tenacious’ 21 22 GRANDIFLORA GRANDIFLORA ‘Queen Elizabeth’ Photo credit : gardenia.net Photo credit : homedecorrgardeningflowers.info Photo credit : jparkers.co.uk Photo credit : garden.org ‘Lagerfield’ ‘FAME!’ 23 24 6 3/23/2021 CLASSIFICATION OF FLOWERS GRADES Double 17‐25 petals Photo credit : southernliving.com Photo credit : rainforest2548.org Single 4‐8 petals Semi‐double Photo credit: secure.caes.uga.edu 9‐16 petals Photo credit : gardeningknowhow.com 25 26 PURCHASING GRAFTED VS OWN-ROOT ROSES Photo credit: Lowes Photo credit : almanac.com Photo credit : freshgardenliving.com 27 28 7 3/23/2021 GRAFTED ROSES GROWING CONDITIONS 6< morning 29 30 PLANTING NOTES TRANSPLANTING ROSES • During dormancy (Dec-Mar) • Cut 1/3 canopy back • Move as much of root ball as possible 31 32 8 3/23/2021 WATERING FERTILIZING 33 34 PEST CONTROL BEGINS WITH YOU! DISEASE: BLACK SPOT 35 36 9 3/23/2021 DISEASE: CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT & RUST DISEASE: POWDERY MILDEW 37 38 OTHERS… ROSE ROSETTE Rose mosaic virus Botrytis blight 39 40 10 3/23/2021 PESKY INSECTS PESKY INSECTS Aphids Cane borer Leaf cutter bee Japanese beetles 41 42 OTHERS… Sawfly larvae BENEFICIALS Rose midge Thrip Spider mite 43 44 11 3/23/2021 WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAINTENANCE PRUNING AND DEADHEADING? • One is a trim, and one is a major cut 45 46 WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY HOW DO I PROPERLY DEADHEAD? ROSES? GOOD – Do nothing. Modern roses are bred to rebloom. Always prune roses in spring. BETTER – Pop off old blooms or snip off the tops with pruners. Good rule of thumb - wait until forsythia BEST – Ideally, cut at a 45-degree angle ¼ -inch above a has started to bloom. five-leaflet leaf. Do not prune in the fall. In very windy Don’t be afraid. You’re NOT going to hurt your roses. areas, just lightly prune the plant to about two feet to prevent wind damage during the winter. Don’t worry about pruning perfectly. Use your hedge clippers! 47 48 12 3/23/2021 WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY WHAT’S AN OUTSIDE EYE? ROSES? Right above leaf Remove 1/2 to 2/3 of the plant Will become next stem Remove dead wood Encourages urn-shape Take out any weak or crossing branches Cut off any root suckers Prune to an outside eye Photo credit: University of New Hampshire 49 50 WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY ROSES? ROSES? For hybrid teas, grandifloras, floribundas, and For repeat-flowering minis: shrub roses: • Prune hard in early spring (1/2 – 2/3 of plant • Leave for 2-3 years height • Prune by 1/3 method – Remove all dead canes, small weak canes – In spring remove 1/3 of oldest canes – Leave 3-5 healthy stout canes spaced evenly – Identify about 1/3 of – Cut those back to 3-5 outward facing buds newest canes to keep – Remove the remaining canes 51 52 13 3/23/2021 WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY WHEN AND HOW SHOULD I PRUNE MY ROSES? ROSES? Old Garden Roses Climbers – Early spring • Once bloomers – AFTER flowering Ramblers – AFTER flowering • Repeat flowerers – Before flowering 53 54 HOW DO I PROTECT MY ROSES IN THE HOW DO I PROTECT MY ROSES IN THE WINTER? Option 1: Mounding Soil WINTER? Option 2: Wire Mesh Collar Photo credit: University of New Hampshire Photo credit: University of New Hampshire 55 56 14 3/23/2021 HOW DO I PROTECT MY ROSES IN THE WINTER? Option 3: Burlap Rose Breeding Program Photo credit: University of New Hampshire 57 58 Commercial Rose Breeding Program • Over 100 years old • Step 1: Set breeding objectives • Only four full-time breedersl • Step 2: Parental selection • 3,000 plants of 300 varieties – Possess unique characteristics for • Step 3: Hybridizing process (April-June, December) disease resistance, fragrance, colors, and habits • Step 4: Progeny selection (4-6 years) • 100,000 crosses each year • Step 5: Global trialing (2 years) • 400,000 hybrid seed produced • Step 6: Build-up and commercial introduction • Exclusive proprietary database with 40+ years of breeding information 59 60 15 3/23/2021 STEP 1: Set Breeding Objectives STEP 2: Parental Selection • Based on marketing requirements for next 10 years • Choose parents that will most likely yield progeny – Marketing trends with desired objectives – Consumer surveys • 300 varieties in J&P’s proprietary gene pool – Analysis of sales data – Ongoing goals • Improved health • Increased vigor • Novelty 61 62 STEP 3: Hybridizing Process STEP 4: Progeny Selection • Conduct pollinations (April to June) • 400,000 seedlings • Harvest and clean seed (August to September) • Stratify seed (70 to 90 days at 2˚C) • 2,000-2,500 selections • Plant seed (December) • Occurs February to June • Selections are propagated and increased for further review in the field • Each seedling is evaluated at least 6 years before Pollinating Harvesting seed Planting seed selected for introduction 63 64 16 3/23/2021 STEP 5: International Trialing United States Switzerland France The Blue Rose Japan England New Spain Zealand J&P Australia Holland Chile Germany Italy 65 66 Biosynthetic Pathway of Pigments Flavonoid 3’- Flavonoid 3’, 5’- hydroxylase hydroxylase Roses Are Red, Violets Are Blue OH OH OH OH OH HO O HO O HO O OH OH OH OH OH O OH O OH O OH OH Lavande Madam Violet OH OH OH + + + HO O HO O HO O OH OH OH OH OH OH OH cyanidin Pelargonidin delphinidin blue pigment AOZORA (Blue Seiryu sky) (Blue Dragon) The pathway of roses 67 68 17 3/23/2021 WHY BUY A PATENTED ROSE? Roses for the Midwest 69 70 WHY BUY A PATENTED ROSE? WHY BUY A PATENTED ROSE? • Represents 100+ years’ rose breeding experience • Superior than non-patent counterparts • Better bloom form • Shorter bloom cycle Mister Lincoln Veterans’ Honor • Much better disease resistance Introduced in 1965 Introduced in 2000 Red HT Red HT • Greater vigor and growth habit Light red color Velvety red color 60-day cycle 45-day cycle • New colors and fragrances Blues as it ages Doesn’t blue 4-inch blooms Larger flower Soft flower form Better form 71 72 18 3/23/2021 BEST ROSES FOR THE MIDWEST BEST ROSES FOR THE MIDWEST EASY-TO-LOVE COLLECTION Disease Resistant Collections Cinco de Mayo Easy Does It Easy Going Easy on the Eyes Floribunda Floribunda Floribunda Shrub Easy Spirit Easy to Please Julia Child Livin’ Easy Floribunda Floribunda Floribunda Floribunda 73 74 WEEKS ROSES 2021 New From Weeks Roses ‘Golden Opportunity’ ‘Playful Happy Trails’ Climber Groundcover 75 76 19 3/23/2021 WEEKS ROSES 2021 WEEKS ROSES 2021 ‘Silver Lining’ Floribunda ‘Fun in the Sun’ Grandiflora ‘Pink Snowflakes’ ‘Ringo All-Star’ Shrub rose Shrub rose 77 78 2019 New Roses TO INFINITY AND BEYOND! The Future of Rose Breeding ‘Perfume Factory’ Desdemona Hybrid Tea variety David Austin English Rose 79 80 20 3/23/2021 Thornless Roses Compact Plants with Hybrid Tea Blooms 81 82 New Colors Really Big Tree Roses 83 84 21 3/23/2021 Shade-Loving Roses Drought Tolerant Roses 85 86 Really Cold Hardy Roses New Fragrances 87 88 22 3/23/2021 ROSA ARCUS “RAINBOW ROSE” ANY QUESTIONS? 89 90 23.