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2. the Climbing Gym Industry and Oslo Klatresenter As
Norwegian School of Economics Bergen, Spring 2021 Valuation of Oslo Klatresenter AS A fundamental analysis of a Norwegian climbing gym company Kristoffer Arne Adolfsen Supervisor: Tommy Stamland Master thesis, Economics and Business Administration, Financial Economics NORWEGIAN SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS This thesis was written as a part of the Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration at NHH. Please note that neither the institution nor the examiners are responsible − through the approval of this thesis − for the theories and methods used, or results and conclusions drawn in this work. 2 Abstract The main goal of this master thesis is to estimate the intrinsic value of one share in Oslo Klatresenter AS as of the 2nd of May 2021. The fundamental valuation technique of adjusted present value was selected as the preferred valuation method. In addition, a relative valuation was performed to supplement the primary fundamental valuation. This thesis found that the climbing gym market in Oslo is likely to enjoy a significant growth rate in the coming years, with a forecasted compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in sales volume of 6,76% from 2019 to 2033. From there, the market growth rate is assumed to have reached a steady-state of 3,50%. The period, however, starts with a reduced market size in 2020 and an expected low growth rate from 2020 to 2021 because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on this and an assumed new competing climbing gym opening at the beginning of 2026, OKS AS revenue is forecasted to grow with a CAGR of 4,60% from 2019 to 2033. -
Multi-Pitch Trad Course
MULTI-PITCH TRAD COURSE This course is designed to teach the skills required to complete climb multi-pitch trad routes. Students will be given time and education to safely and efficiently lead multi-pitch climbs. Skills Covered Building of 3-point gear anchors Belaying a follower from the top with an auto-blocking device Swapping leads Being efficient on climbs including proper rope management Basic rescue techniques Understanding route selection Graduation Criteria Safely lead 1 multi-pitch trad route Prerequisites Single-pitch trad course or equivalent o Ability to lead on trad gear up to 5.6 o Ability to rappel safely o Ability to build a top-rope anchor on bolts o Basic skills to climb cracks Summary of Activities 1 evening kickoff session 2 evenings for skills review 2 weekend days of outdoor multi-pitch mock leading on trad gear 2 weekend days of outdoor multi-pitch leading on trad gear Student Gear List *Please DO NOT purchase gear until after our Kick Off Session (#17 & #18 are above what is required for the single-pitch course) 1. Climbing helmet 2. Rock climbing shoes 3. Harness 4. 1 personal anchor (Metolius) + locking carabiner 5. 6 single alpine slings 6. 2 double alpine slings 7. 1 triple alpine sling 8. 18 standard-sized non-locking carabiners (2 per sling) 9. 6 locking carabiners (in addition to the one in #4) 10. One set of standard-sized cams One cam each matching the following Black Diamond sizes: .3, .4, .5, .75, 1, 2, 3 11. 7 carabiners – one for each cam Do not need to be full sized Getting carabiners that match the color of your cams will be helpful 12. -
Kiwi Canyons Grading Table
Kiwi Canyons Grading Introduction The modern sport of canyoning has its roots strongly centered in Europe, and in particular France. As the sport began to really take off, a number of French Outdoor Associations standardised their grading systems in 2003. The gradings presented here are the English translation of those agreed on by the French Federation of Mountain Climbing (FFME), with support from the French Federation of Speleology (FFS) in conjunction with the National Union of Mountain Guides (SNGM), the National Union of Professionals Climbing and Canyoning (SNAPEC), the National Union of Professional Speoleogy and Canyoning (SNPSC) and the Federation of French Alpine Clubs (FCAF). There are several different canyon grading systems around the world, as our canyons are most similar to the European ones, the French grading system is used in NZ as it aligns with ‘best international practice’. Grading any technical activity is always an exercise in compromise. The grading is indicative of the most difficult section of the canyon and reflects the technical skill required to descend that part. In the grade, there is no way to distinguish between a canyon with one difficult section and another canyon where the whole canyon has difficult drop after difficult drop. The gradings must be used in conjunction with route descriptions and CanyonTopo to gain a better understanding of the overall difficulty of the trip. Remember that Canyons change with every flood, to the point that the initial grade may change. Assumptions The gradings here assume the following; An average water flow for the usual season that particular canyon is descended. -
Rätikon (...And Frankenjura!)
Rätikon (...and Frankenjura!) Imperial College expedition 5-18th August 2015 Contents 1 Expedition summary 3 2 Aims 3 3 Logistics 5 3.1 Transport and Accommodation . 5 3.2 Equipment . 6 3.3 Food............................................. 7 3.4 Weather . 7 4 The team 7 4.1 Expedition members . 7 4.1.1 Amar Nanda (21): 2nd year medical student . 7 4.1.2 Elliot White (21): Climbing route-setter . 9 4.2 Training and preparation . 9 5 Trip diary 9 5.1 Gruobenfieber (7+/6c) . 10 5.2 Miss Partnun (9-/7b+) . 13 5.3 Grüscher Älpi . 16 5.4 Frankenjura . 20 6 Finances 21 7 Legacy 27 8 Acknowledgements 28 2 1 EXPEDITION SUMMARY For any climber looking to do challenging, alpine style multipitch, pilgrimage to the Rätikon mountain range is a must. Situated at the borderlands between Austria, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, the region is saturated with world class climbing. Routes are famous for being exposed and isolated, with large run outs and long walk-ins. After dreaming of tip-toeing up the massive wall of the Kirchlispitzen for the past four years, in summer 2015, with the support of Imperial college Exploration board we finally set off for that soaring limestone face. The Rätikon was everything we hoped for and more. Crazily technical climbing on stunning rock terrified and thrilled us in equal measure. However, heartbreakingly, we never made it to the Kirchlispitzen. Our van had major problems just 500m before reaching the base camp area for the climbs. Unable to go on and unable to leave the van blocking the road we were forced to retreat back down to the valley, and, after much deliberation we fled to the flatland of the Frankenjura forest in Germany, climbing there for the rest of the trip. -
2014 AMGA SPI Manual
AMERICAN MOUNTAIN GUIDES ASSOCIATION AMGA Single Pitch Instructor 2014 Program Manual American Mountain Guides Association P.O. Box 1739 Boulder, CO 80306 Phone: 303-271-0984 Fax: 303-271-1377 www.amga.com 1 AMGA Single Pitch Instructor Program © American Mountain Guides Association Participation Statement The American Mountain Guides Association (AMGA) recognizes that climbing and mountaineering are activities with a danger of personal injury or death. Clients in these activities should be aware of and accept these risks and be responsible for their own actions. The AMGA provides training and assessment courses and associated literature to help leaders manage these risks and to enable new clients to have positive experiences while learning about their responsibilities. Introduction and how to use this Manual This handbook contains information for candidates and AMGA licensed SPI Providers privately offering AMGA SPI Programs. Operational frameworks and guidelines are provided which ensure that continuity is maintained from program to program and between instructors and examiners. Continuity provides a uniform standard for clients who are taught, coached, and examined by a variety of instructors and examiners over a period of years. Continuity also assists in ensuring the program presents a professional image to clients and outside observers, and it eases the workload of organizing, preparing, and operating courses. Audience Candidates on single pitch instructor courses. This manual was written to help candidates prepare for and complete the AMGA Single Pitch Instructors certification course. AMGA Members: AMGA members may find this a helpful resource for conducting programs in the field. This manual will supplement their previous training and certification. -
LECTURE #5 Glacier Travel & Crevasse Rescue Pt
Basic Rock & Glacier Climbing Course 2018 – Tacoma Mountaineers LECTURE #5 Glacier Travel & Crevasse Rescue Pt. 2 Lecture 5 Topics Glacier Travel Crevasse Rescue What to Expect on Glacier Climbs Field Trip Leader Q & A (Field Trips 5, 6P, 6/7) Assigned Reading (complete prior to Lecture #5) The Freedom of the Hills, 9th edition Glacier Travel & Crevasse Rescue Chapter 18 Mountain Geology Chapter 26 The Cycle of Snow Chapter 27 Basic Rock & Glacier Climbing Course Manual All Lecture #5 Material GLACIER TRAVEL & CREVASSE RESCUE OVERVIEW Glacier travel employs all the techniques used in snow travel with one major addition, navigating crevasses. Crevasses are vertical ice trenches in the snow, which are very hazardous and ready to trap the careless climber. They tend to stay hidden until later in the season when the snow melts and collapses into the crevasse. If the snow coverage is thick and strong you will likely walk right over the crevasse and never know it. Sometimes a visible crevasse will have a snow bridge that you can cross if it’s strong enough, but the real hazard is the crevasse with just a weak thin covering of snow that will not support a climber’s weight. It is not always the lead climber that breaks through, it may be the second or third or even the next rope team. You never know. That’s why you ALWAYS ROPE-UP WHEN TRAVELING ON A GLACIER and keep the rope fully extended. It’s ideal to have three climbers per rope and at least two teams, so if you have to perform a rescue, it is much faster and easier. -
Guide to Equipment and Clothing
GUIDE TO EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING GEAR FOR MOUNTAINEERING IN NEW ZEALAND This document provides advice on choosing the right clothing and gear for your Alpine Guides mountain trip. Refer to your trips' "Equipment Checklist" to find the exact gear you need. Use the information here as a guide only. We run a range of programs that vary in duration and emphasis. If you are not sure if your gear is right for the job, please contact us GUIDE TO EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING GEAR FOR MOUNTAINEERING IN NEW ZEALAND INDEX PAGE How to Dress | Gear for Different Seasons Clothing | Layering, Thermals, and Fabrics Outer layer: Jackets & Overtrousers Hats, Gloves, Socks, Gaiters, and other items Boots and Footwear Technical Hardware | Crampons, Ice Axes, and more Sleeping Essentials | Sleeping bags, Bivouac bags Touring Gear: Skis, Boots, & Snowboards Miscellaneous Gear - Everything else How to Dress | Gear for Different Seasons Choose your mountain wardrobe around the time of year you will visit. Mountain huts are not heated. Temperatures are colder at night, even during summer. If your trip involves camping out, go for the warmest possible combination of clothing. Winter Gear (July - October) Choose: • Warmer down (500+ loft) and synthetic jackets • Medium to heavy grade thermals and socks • Warm, insulated gloves • 4-season sleeping bags (rated to approx -12°C) • Avoid using drinking bladders and hoses during winter - they are prone to freeze even when insulated. Summer Gear (November - April) There is a wide range of temperatures through summer. Be prepared for cool, to cold temperatures during storms and at night. Choose: • 3-season sleeping bags (rated to approx -5°C) • 400-500 loft down jackets or synthetic insulating jackets • Lightweight to mid-weight thermals and socks • UV Protection is Vital Through December, January and February especially bring "cooling" garments that will reflect UV. -
US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, Carabiner,08/12/2019
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY EPA Reg. Number: Date of Issuance: Office of Pesticide Programs Registration Division (7505P) 34704-1130 8/12/19 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20460 NOTICE OF PESTICIDE: Term of Issuance: X Registration Reregistration Unconditional (under FIFRA, as amended) Name of Pesticide Product: Carabiner Name and Address of Registrant (include ZIP Code): LOVELAND PRODUCTS INC. P.O. BOX 1286 GREELEY, CO 80632 Note: Changes in labeling differing in substance from that accepted in connection with this registration must be submitted to and accepted by the Registration Division prior to use of the label in commerce. In any correspondence on this product always refer to the above EPA registration number. On the basis of information furnished by the registrant, the above named pesticide is hereby registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. Registration is in no way to be construed as an endorsement or recommendation of this product by the Agency. In order to protect health and the environment, the Administrator, on his motion, may at any time suspend or cancel the registration of a pesticide in accordance with the Act. The acceptance of any name in connection with the registration of a product under this Act is not to be construed as giving the registrant a right to exclusive use of the name or to its use if it has been covered by others. This product is unconditionally registered in accordance with FIFRA section 3(c)(5) provided that you: 1. Submit and/or cite all data required for registration/reregistration/registration review of your product when the Agency requires all registrants of similar products to submit such data. -
The Thick-Splay Depositional Style of the Crevasse Canyon Formation, Cretaceous of West-Central New Mexico Steven J
New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/34 The thick-splay depositional style of the Crevasse Canyon Formation, Cretaceous of west-central New Mexico Steven J. Johansen, 1983, pp. 173-178 in: Socorro Region II, Chapin, C. E.; Callender, J. F.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 34th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 344 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1983 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. -
March 2016 Version 2
March 2016 Version 2 Preface This Activity Safety Guideline for Canyoning is published by the Tourism Industry Association of New Zealand (TIA) with support from WorkSafe New Zealand. The guideline was developed in association with experts from the canyoning sector and other relevant technical experts. More information about the guideline development process can be found at www.supportadventure.co.nz/activity- specific-good-practice-information/activity-safety-guidelines The guideline is a web-based document and will be reviewed and updated as required. The current version is available at www.supportadventure.co.nz/activity-specific-good-practice- information/activity-safety-guidelines Users should periodically check the date and version number of the current online document to ensure that their printed copies are up-to-date. Activity Safety Guidelines are the result of a recommendation from the final report of the 2009/10 government review of risk management and safety in the adventure and outdoor commercial sector in New Zealand. The variety of activities provided by these sectors is referred to broadly as adventure activities, and include activities provided by adventure tourism operators and outdoor education centres. More information about the government review can be found at www.supportadventure.co.nz/about-site-and-government-safety-review TIA, WorkSafe New Zealand, and the canyoning community have made every effort to ensure that the information contained in this guideline is reliable. We make no guarantee of its accuracy or completeness and do not accept any liability for any errors. We may change, add to, delete from, or otherwise amend the contents of this publication at any time without notice. -
Sauratown Mountain
Sauratown Mountain Cover photos: Daniel Chambo on Shock the Monkey and Anna Chapman on Barbs World/Leisure Time. Photo credits, Jeff Dunbar on Shock the Monkey and Emil Briggs on Barbs World. The Carolina Climbers Coalition has reached an agreement with the owners of Sauratown, previously one of the most popular winter destinations in the NC Piedmont. Home to a number of classic trad lines and many excellent sport routes, the area has been closed for years due to a variety of factors. If you've never climbed at Sauratown it's the best winter cragging in the Piedmont - steep and pumpy on incredible rock. If you used to climb there and haven't for the 5+ years it's been closed, welcome back it's just like your forearms remember it! IMPORTANT! Access will ONLY be allowed from December 1 to March 31st and is 7 days a week. Please do not jeopardize all of the hard work that has gone into this by trying to go to Sauratown at any other time. The cliff remains closed except for those times. Don't be the person who gets the gate slammed in our face. Seriously, don't. Many thanks to Camp Hanes, who has partnered with us on this and to the climbers who humped stainless steel up the trail and replaced 30+ bolts and anchors, flagged trail and cleaned up the base of the cliff. We wouldn't be having as much fun as we're going to have without your help. There is a fee associated with this agreement that the CCC is paying to get everyone access to the property. -
Rock Climbing Fundamentals Has Been Crafted Exclusively For
Disclaimer Rock climbing is an inherently dangerous activity; severe injury or death can occur. The content in this eBook is not a substitute to learning from a professional. Moja Outdoors, Inc. and Pacific Edge Climbing Gym may not be held responsible for any injury or death that might occur upon reading this material. Copyright © 2016 Moja Outdoors, Inc. You are free to share this PDF. Unless credited otherwise, photographs are property of Michael Lim. Other images are from online sources that allow for commercial use with attribution provided. 2 About Words: Sander DiAngelis Images: Michael Lim, @murkytimes This copy of Rock Climbing Fundamentals has been crafted exclusively for: Pacific Edge Climbing Gym Santa Cruz, California 3 Table of Contents 1. A Brief History of Climbing 2. Styles of Climbing 3. An Overview of Climbing Gear 4. Introduction to Common Climbing Holds 5. Basic Technique for New Climbers 6. Belaying Fundamentals 7. Climbing Grades, Explained 8. General Tips and Advice for New Climbers 9. Your Responsibility as a Climber 10.A Simplified Climbing Glossary 11.Useful Bonus Materials More topics at mojagear.com/content 4 Michael Lim 5 A Brief History of Climbing Prior to the evolution of modern rock climbing, the most daring ambitions revolved around peak-bagging in alpine terrain. The concept of climbing a rock face, not necessarily reaching the top of the mountain, was a foreign concept that seemed trivial by comparison. However, by the late 1800s, rock climbing began to evolve into its very own sport. There are 3 areas credited as the birthplace of rock climbing: 1.