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Carcerality, Corporeality, and Subjectivity in the Life Narratives By NO / BODIES: CARCERALITY, CORPOREALITY, AND SUBJECTIVITY IN THE LIFE NARRATIVES BY FRANCO’S FEMALE PRISONERS by HOLLY JANE PIKE A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Hispanic Studies School of Languages, Cultures, Art History, and Music College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham December 2014 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This thesis examines female political imprisonment during the early part of Spain’s Franco regime through the life narratives by Carlota O’Neill, Tomasa Cuevas, Juana Don a, and Soledad Real published during the transition. It proposes the foregrounding notion of the ‘No / Body’ to describe the literary, social, and historical eradication and exemplification of the female prisoner as deviant. Using critical theories of genre, gender and sexuality, sociology and philosophy, and human geography, it discusses the concepts of subject, abject, spatiality, habitus, and the mirror to analyse the intersecting, influential factors in the (re)production of dominant discourses within Francoist and post-Francoist society that are interrogated throughout the corpus. In coining the concept of the ‘No / Body’ as a methodological approach, a narrative form, and a socio-political subject position, this thesis repositions the marginal and the (in)visible as an essential aspect of female carcerality. Read through this concept, the narratives begin to dismantle and rewrite dominant narratives of gender and genre for the female prisoner in such a way that the texts foreground the ‘No / Body’. This thesis thus presents the narrative corpus of lost testimonies as a form of radical textual and political practice within contemporary Spanish historiography. Aknowledgments This thesis has been made possible by the support of the Sir Henry Thomas Junior Research Fellowship and the AHRC, by the guidance of my supervisors, Dr Mo nica Jato and Dr Charlotte Ross, and by the constant and much-appreciated support of my friends, peers, and partner, Jess. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION NO ONE, NOWHERE, NO / BODY .................................................................................................................... 1 STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER ONE FRANCO’S FEMALE BODIES: MOTHER INCARNATE / ‘PUTA’ INCORPORATE .......................... 16 A NATION IN CRISIS .................................................................................................................................................. 17 NATIONALISING GENDER ........................................................................................................................................ 21 IDEAL MOTHER INCARNATE ................................................................................................................................... 24 PUTA ROJA INCORPORATE ....................................................................................................................................... 30 EMBODYING IDEOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................... 41 CHAPTER TWO A ‘NO / BODY’ CORPUS OF FRANCOIST CARCERALITY ...................................................................... 47 CARLOTA O’NEILL - UNA MUJER EN LA GUERRA DE ESPAÑA ............................................................................. 53 JUANA DON A – DESDE LA NOCHE Y LA NIEBLA ..................................................................................................... 56 SOLEDAD REAL – LAS CÁRCELES DE SOLEDAD REAL .......................................................................................... 59 TOMASA CUEVAS – PRESAS..................................................................................................................................... 62 EXPLORING THE NARRATIVE CORPUS ................................................................................................................... 66 CHAPTER THREE INTERPELLATING THE ‘NO / BODY’?......................................................................................................... 74 INVISIBILITY ............................................................................................................................................................. 76 PARADIGMATIC VISIBILITY ..................................................................................................................................... 86 READABLE SUBJECTIVITY ....................................................................................................................................... 96 BEYOND VISIBILITY .............................................................................................................................................. 107 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................................... 119 CHAPTER FOUR OTHERING THE ABJECT / ABJECTIFYING THE OTHER .................................................................. 122 VIOLENCE ON THE BODY ...................................................................................................................................... 126 CORPSES AND DEATH ........................................................................................................................................... 132 RAPE AND SEXUAL ABUSE .................................................................................................................................... 137 DEGENERATE SEXUALITY .................................................................................................................................... 142 LESBIANISM ........................................................................................................................................................... 144 MASTURBATION .................................................................................................................................................... 152 PROSTITUTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 156 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................................... 164 CHAPTER FIVE SPACE, PLACE, AND THE ‘NO / BODY’ BEHIND BARS ...................................................................... 167 PHYSICAL SPACE / SOCIAL PLACE ...................................................................................................................... 170 PRISON BORDERS .................................................................................................................................................. 178 TEMPORALITY ....................................................................................................................................................... 182 TRANSIENCE .......................................................................................................................................................... 187 SENSING, PERCEIVING, INHABITING THE PRISON ............................................................................................. 192 IMPERMEABLE WALLS OF STIGMA ...................................................................................................................... 199 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................................... 206 CHAPTER SIX CARCERAL HABITUS AND THE ‘NO / BODY’ ........................................................................................ 208 COLLECTIVE DISCIPLINE ...................................................................................................................................... 211 CORPOREAL HABITUS ........................................................................................................................................... 219 DOCILE BODIES AND STATE HABITUS ................................................................................................................. 225 SOLIDARITY AND RESISTANCE ............................................................................................................................ 231 THE PERSONAL IS POLITICAL .............................................................................................................................. 237 NARRATIVE HABITUS ........................................................................................................................................... 250 CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................................................................
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