DOCSLIB.ORG

Santa Cruz Orchid Society Newsletter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Santa Cruz Orchid Society Newsletter Subscribe Past Issues Translate View this email in your browser Santa Cruz Orchid Society Newsletter March 2018 Next Meeting March 2, 2018 Live Oak Grange Hall, 1900 17th Avenue, Santa Cruz, CA March Program Patricia Rain will be our guest speaker. She will be presenting a slide show on the primary regions of the world where the vanilla orchid (Vanilla planifolia and Vanilla tahitensis) are predominantly grown. A synopsis of her presentation follows. I begin in Papantla, Veracruz, which is the region known as Totonocapan, or the place of the Totonacas. The Totonacas are credited with being the first to "domesticate" vanilla, which involved planting vanilla vines closer together than they naturally grow in the forest. We go through the entire process of vanilla growing from pollination to shipping the beans, observing how it is done in different cultures. I will also talk a bit about the issues facing vanilla currently, why the industry is so unstable and the concerns faced by the three big luxury crops -- coffee, chocolate and vanilla -- due to the changing climate. There will be a tasting of sodas made with vanilla extract that is lightly sweetened and mixed with soda water so that guests can taste the flavor difference between Vanilla planifolia and Vanilla tahitensis. In addition, I will bring samples of vanilla powder, tattooed beans, natural vanilla flavor, as well as some interesting vanilla ornaments and books for members to look at. Patricia will bring copies of her book, Vanilla: The Cultural History of the World's Favorite Flavor and Fragrance (Tarcher; 2004). Refreshments Refreshments for this month to be provided by: Robert Benevides, Linda Locatelli, Bruce Hill, Lillian Derrigan. Thank you! Just a reminder that anyone bringing in refreshments will get a free raffle ticket! Dinner With the Speaker Dinner will be at Chinese Village on Capitola Rd., Capitola at 5:30. If possible email Vicky Smith by Thursday, March 1, if you plan to attend at [email protected]. Please put “Dinner with the Speaker” as the subject or just show up. Important Information included in this newsletter: Our By-Laws have been revised to bring us into compliance with requirements for a 501 (c)(3) organization. The membership must approve the by-laws to move forward to the next step. We will conduct a vote at the March meeting. We need a 2/3 vote of members in attendance at the meeting to approve. Bruce Hill will keep track of those who voted. A copy of the by-laws can be found at the end of the newsletter. In addition, a hard copy of the by-laws will be available at the March meeting for anyone wishing to review then. If you have any questions or concerns about the content of the by-laws please contact Bruce Hill (email: [email protected] ) or Vicky Smith (email: [email protected]) before the March meeting. Vanilla planifolia ABOUT OUR SPEAKER Patricia Rain is an author, educator, culinary historian, and owner of The Vanilla Company, a socially conscious, product-driven information and education site dedicated to the promotion of pure, natural vanilla, and the support of vanilla farmers worldwide. The Vanilla Cookbook (Celestial Arts, 1986) established her as an authority on this exotic rainforest product. She has continued to do research on the uses of vanilla in a diverse variety of applications: as a flavor in both sweet and savory foods; as a medicinal; as a fragrance; and in aromatherapy. The Vanilla Chef (Vanilla Queen Press, 2002) is a companion book to the Internet business. Vanilla: The Cultural History of The World’s Favorite Flavor and Fragrance (Tarcher, a member of the US Penguin Group, 2004) is her most recent book. Upcoming Events March 9-11: 73rd Santa Barbara International Orchid Show. Hours: Open 9am – 5pm each day...Earl Warren Show Grounds: Highway 101 and Las Positas Road. Contact information https://sborchidshow.com/ e-mail: mailto:[email protected]. P.O. Box 62154, Santa Barbara, CA93160. March 31 - April 1: Sonoma County Orchid Society - Show and Sale “Rainbow of Orchids”. Saturday, 10 am to 5 pm; Sunday, 10 am to 4 pm. Santa Rosa Veterans Building, 1351 Maple Avenue, Santa Rosa, CA. April 14-15: Sacaramento Orchid Society Annual Orchid Show and Exotic Plant Sale “The World Of Orchids”. Saturday, 10 am – 5 pm; Sunday 10 am – 4 pm. Scottish Rite Masonic Center, 6151 H Street, Sacramento. April 22-23: Gold Coast Cymbidium Growers Show & Sale. 1400 Roosevelt Avenue, Redwood City, CA. Set-Up and Plant entry Friday 10AM – 6PM; CSA and AOS judging at 7PM. Show and Sale open to the public Saturday and Sunday 10AM to 4PM. For information contact Sylvia Darr, Show Chair mailto:[email protected] Orchid Education This month's article is "Transporting Orchids" by Susan Jones. This is a very informative article for anyone who takes blooming orchids to meetings, shows, or anywhere in any kind of weather. Just click the link to view the article. (used by permission of AOS) AOS corner Visit this link to view prerecorded webinars available to everyone (including nonmembers) at http://www.aos.org/orchids/webinars.aspx Show and Tell Photo Gallery Phrag. Cardinale Vicky Smith Rhy. Gigantea 'Cartoon' Vicky Smith Phrag. schlimii Terry Whettam Paph. Emma Decker Scott Collins Paph. gratrixianum Cheri Wagner Pot. Hawaiian Prominence 'America' Francisco Baptista SANTA CRUZ ORCHID SOCIETY BY-LAWS Adopted December 11, 2003; Revised February 13, 2018 ARTICLE I The name of this society shall be Santa Cruz Orchid Society. ARTICLE II The objectives of this society are to stimulate interest in orchid species and hybrids and to provide educational information regarding their culture and conservation to the Community. ARTICLE III MEMBERSHIP Section 1: Any person interested in the objectives of the Society shall be eligible for membership. Section 2: There shall be the following classes of membership: 2.1 Single membership 2.2 Household membership The annual dues will be determined by the Board of Directors. Household membership entitles each adult member to one vote. Section 3: A paid membership will be valid for the calendar year. New members admitted after September shall pay one-half of the yearly dues. No dues shall be refunded. Current membership is required to sell plants at the regular meetings and at the annual show. Monthly speakers are excluded from this requirement. Section 4: A membership may be terminated by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors, present at a regular meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum of directors is present. When the conduct of any member is deemed prejudicial to the good of the society, the person involved in a termination of membership shall be notified in writing of the intended action and a complete hearing shall be held by the Board of Directors before a vote is taken. ARTICLE IV MEETINGS Section 1: Regular meetings of the society shall be monthly unless the Board of Directors designates otherwise by a vote of the Board of Directors. ARTICLE V OFFICERS Section 1: The Board of Directors may consist of the following officers: a President, Vice President, Secretary, and Treasurer. The term of all officers shall be two years. The officers will not be eligible for election to the same office for more than two (2) consecutive terms. However, this rule may be suspended by a majority vote of the Directors. ARTICLE VI BOARD OF DIRECTORS Section 1: The Board of Directors may consist of a minimum of six (6) members. The President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, and two (2) elective members from the society at large. Each of the two (2) elective members shall serve for a period of two (2) years and one (1) shall be elected annually. (I.E. the two (2) elective members will serve staggered terms.) Section 2: The Board shall transact all business of the society. A capital expenditure exceeding $3000 shall be voted on by the membership of the society at a regular meeting. Notice of such intended action shall be given in the newsletter preceding the monthly meeting of the society. A majority vote by the attending members in favor of the proposed expenditure is required to approve the expenditure. Section 3: Board members are expected to attend and participate in both the Board and regular meetings of the society. Non-participation or malfeasance of any Board member is cause for review and/or termination by the Board. A quorum of Directors must be present, and the challenged member shall not participate in the vote. Resulting vacancies shall be filled by the Board at the next election. Section 4 Three (3) members of the Board of Directors must reside in Santa Cruz County. ARTICLE VII MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Section 1: Regular meeting. The Board shall meet at least once a year as determined by the Board. The Board of Directors shall meet to conduct business, schedule board meetings, plan events and approve Secretary’s minutes and Treasurer’s reports. Section 2: Special Meeting. The Board may be called to a special meeting at any time or place by the President of the Board, or any three (3) Board Members. The business transacted shall be limited to the purpose for which it was called and at least three (3) days notice shall be given each Director. A quorum of a majority of Directors must be present to legalize the transaction. Should such an emergency arise as to make it impossible to obtain a quorum, then such action as was taken must be ratified by a majority vote at the next regular meeting of the Board.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecology and Ex Situ Conservation of Vanilla Siamensis (Rolfe Ex Downie) in Thailand
    Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Chaipanich, Vinan Vince (2020) Ecology and Ex Situ Conservation of Vanilla siamensis (Rolfe ex Downie) in Thailand. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent,. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/85312/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html Ecology and Ex Situ Conservation of Vanilla siamensis (Rolfe ex Downie) in Thailand By Vinan Vince Chaipanich November 2020 A thesis submitted to the University of Kent in the School of Anthropology and Conservation, Faculty of Social Sciences for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract A loss of habitat and climate change raises concerns about change in biodiversity, in particular the sensitive species such as narrowly endemic species. Vanilla siamensis is one such endemic species.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity and Evolution in the Vanilla Genus
    1 Biodiversity and Evolution in the Vanilla Genus Gigant Rodolphe1,2, Bory Séverine1,2, Grisoni Michel2 and Besse Pascale1 1University of La Reunion, UMR PVBMT 2CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, France 1. Introduction Since the publication of the first vanilla book by Bouriquet (1954c) and the more recent review on vanilla biodiversity (Bory et al., 2008b), there has been a world regain of interest for this genus, as witnessed by the recently published vanilla books (Cameron, 2011a; Havkin-Frenkel & Belanger, 2011; Odoux & Grisoni, 2010). A large amount of new data regarding the genus biodiversity and its evolution has also been obtained. These will be reviewed in the present paper and new data will also be presented. 2. Biogeography, taxonomy and phylogeny 2.1 Distribution and phylogeography Vanilla Plum. ex Miller is an ancient genus in the Orchidaceae family, Vanilloideae sub- family, Vanilleae tribe and Vanillinae sub-tribe (Cameron, 2004, 2005). Vanilla species are distributed throughout the tropics between the 27th north and south parallels, but are absent in Australia. The genus is most diverse in tropical America (52 species), and can also be found in Africa (14 species) and the Indian ocean islands (10 species), South-East Asia and New Guinea (31 species) and Pacific islands (3 species) (Portères, 1954). From floral morphological observations, Portères (1954) suggested a primary diversification centre of the Vanilla genus in Indo-Malaysia, followed by dispersion on one hand from Asia to Pacific and then America, and on the other hand from Madagascar to Africa. This hypothesis was rejected following the first phylogenetic studies of the genus (Cameron, 1999, 2000) which suggested a different scenario with an American origin of the genus (160 to 120 Mya) and a transcontinental migration of the Vanilla genus before the break-up of Gondwana (Cameron, 2000, 2003, 2005; Cameron et al., 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Plants for Lyme Disease (Chronic)
    Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Plants for Lyme Disease (Chronic) Plant Chemical Count Activity Count Garcinia xanthochymus 1 1 Nicotiana rustica 1 1 Acacia modesta 1 1 Galanthus nivalis 1 1 Dryopteris marginalis 2 1 Premna integrifolia 1 1 Senecio alpinus 1 1 Cephalotaxus harringtonii 1 1 Comptonia peregrina 1 1 Diospyros rotundifolia 1 1 Alnus crispa 1 1 Haplophyton cimicidum 1 1 Diospyros undulata 1 1 Roylea elegans 1 1 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza 1 1 Gmelina arborea 1 1 Orthosphenia mexicana 1 1 Lumnitzera racemosa 1 1 Melilotus alba 2 1 Duboisia leichhardtii 1 1 Erythroxylum zambesiacum 1 1 Salvia beckeri 1 1 Cephalotaxus spp 1 1 Taxus cuspidata 3 1 Suaeda maritima 1 1 Rhizophora mucronata 1 1 Streblus asper 1 1 Plant Chemical Count Activity Count Dianthus sp. 1 1 Glechoma hirsuta 1 1 Phyllanthus flexuosus 1 1 Euphorbia broteri 1 1 Hyssopus ferganensis 1 1 Lemaireocereus thurberi 1 1 Holacantha emoryi 1 1 Casearia arborea 1 1 Fagonia cretica 1 1 Cephalotaxus wilsoniana 1 1 Hydnocarpus anthelminticus 2 1 Taxus sp 2 1 Zataria multiflora 1 1 Acinos thymoides 1 1 Ambrosia artemisiifolia 1 1 Rhododendron schotense 1 1 Sweetia panamensis 1 1 Thymelaea hirsuta 1 1 Argyreia nervosa 1 1 Carapa guianensis 1 1 Parthenium hysterophorus 1 1 Rhododendron anthopogon 1 1 Strobilanthes cusia 1 1 Dianthus superbus 1 1 Pyropolyporus fomentarius 1 1 Euphorbia hermentiana 1 1 Porteresia coarctata 1 1 2 Plant Chemical Count Activity Count Aerva lanata 1 1 Rivea corymbosa 1 1 Solanum mammosum 1 1 Juniperus horizontalis 1 1 Maytenus
    [Show full text]
  • New Insights on Volatile Components of Vanilla Planifolia Cultivated in Taiwan
    molecules Article New Insights on Volatile Components of Vanilla planifolia Cultivated in Taiwan Chih-Hsin Yeh 1,2, Kai-Yi Chen 2, Chia-Yi Chou 1, Hsin-Yi Liao 3,* and Hsin-Chun Chen 3,* 1 Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taoyuan 327, Taiwan; [email protected] (C.-H.Y.); [email protected] (C.-Y.C.) 2 Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; [email protected] 3 Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.-Y.L.); [email protected] (H.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5306) (H.-Y.L.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5310) (H.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-2236-8557 (H.-C.C.) Abstract: Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) is a precious natural flavoring that is commonly used throughout the world. In the past, all vanilla used in Taiwan was imported; however, recent breakthroughs in cultivation and processing technology have allowed Taiwan to produce its own supply of vanilla. In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with GC-FID and GC-MS was used to analyze the volatile components of vanilla from different origins produced in Taiwan under different cultivation and processing conditions. The results of our study revealed that when comparing different harvest maturities, the composition diversity and total volatile content were both higher when the pods were matured for more than 38 weeks. When comparing different killing conditions, we observed that the highest vanillin percentage was present after vanilla pods were ◦ killed three times in 65 C treatments for 1 min each.
    [Show full text]
  • Vanilla Master
    Vanilla Master Vanilla….the most popular flavour in the world History of Vanilla • Indigenous to Southeastern Mexico • Discovered by the Totonaco Indians in Mexico • Following Cortez’s conquest in 1519 of the Aztecs, Vanilla became known in Europe • 1604 introduced in France – Used to soften taste of coffee and as an ingredient in chocolate drink • 1836 – Botanist Charles Morren identified the Melipone Bee responsible for pollination • 1841 – Hand pollination technique discovered by Edmund Albius • 1866 – First Vanilla grown outside of Mexico • Island of Reunion, East of Madagascar • Island of Bourbon Three Varieties of Vanilla Beans Vanilla Fragrans - Bourbon varieties from Madagascar, Comoros, (Vanilla Planifolia) Mexico, Indonesia, Uganda, Seychelles, Maturities, Tonga Vanilla Pompona - Guadeloupe Vanilla Tahitensis - Tahiti Map of Vanilla Growing Areas China Guadeloupe India Mexico Moorea Martinique Uganda Seychelles Indonesia Costa Tonga Rica Reunion Tahiti Madagascar Mauritius Key areas Growing Conditions • 10 to 20 degrees north or south of the Equator • 600 meters above sea level • Hot, moist tropical climate • Temperature 24-30°C all year round • Little wind, high humidity • Rich soil, on gently sloping land • Grows 10-15 meters tall, supported by a host tree • For cultivation of vanilla, vines are kept at a height of 1.75 meters Cultivation • Flowers in 3rd year of growth • Flowers must be hand pollinated at precisely the right time • Pollination occurs over a 2 month time frame • Grows 15-23 cm tall in 6 weeks • 6-9 months after pollination – tips yellow and are ready to be harvested • Conditions: Rain, wind, early pick, disease Harvesting Time Line December to March May to August June to September Mexico Tahiti Madagascar Reunion & Comoros Indonesia Harvest Too early: Poor or weak flavor, low vanillin, brittle beans, moldy.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Analysis of Vanilla Mosaic Virus from the Cook Islands
    Molecular Analysis of Vanilla mosaic virus from the Cook Islands Christopher Puli’uvea A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (MSc) 2017 School of Science I Abstract Vanilla was first introduced to French Polynesia in 1848 and from 1899-1966 was a major export for French Polynesia who then produced an average of 158 tonnes of cured Vanilla tahitensis beans annually. In 1967, vanilla production declined rapidly to a low of 0.6 tonnes by 1981, which prompted a nation-wide investigation with the aim of restoring vanilla production to its former levels. As a result, a mosaic-inducing virus was discovered infecting V. tahitensis that was distinct from Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) but serologically related to dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV). The potyvirus was subsequently named vanilla mosaic virus (VanMV) and was later reported to infect V. tahitensis in the Cook Islands and V. planifolia in Fiji and Vanuatu. Attempts were made to mechanically inoculate VanMV to a number of plants that are susceptible to DsMV, but with no success. Based on a partial sequence analysis, VanMV-FP (French Polynesian isolate) and VanMV-CI (Cook Islands isolate) were later characterised as strains of DsMV exclusively infecting vanilla. Since its discovery, little information is known about how VanMV-CI acquired the ability to exclusively infect vanilla and lose its ability to infect natural hosts of DsMV or vice versa. The aims of this research were to characterise the VanMV genome and attempt to determine the molecular basis for host range specificity of VanMV-CI.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Vanilla Species from Costa Rica Closely Related to V. Planifolia (Orchidaceae)
    European Journal of Taxonomy 284: 1–26 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.284 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · Azofeifa-Bolaños J.B. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. DNA Library of Life, research article A new vanilla species from Costa Rica closely related to V. planifolia (Orchidaceae) José B. AZOFEIFA-BOLAÑOS 1, L. Rodolphe GIGANT 2, Mayra NICOLÁS-GARCÍA 3, Marc PIGNAL 4, Fabiola B. TAVARES-GONZÁLEZ 5, Eric HÁGSATER 6, Gerardo A. SALAZAR-CHÁVEZ 7, Delfi no REYES-LÓPEZ 8, Fredy L. ARCHILA-MORALES 9, José A. GARCÍA-GARCÍA 10, Denis da SILVA 11, Agathe ALLIBERT 12, Frank SOLANO- CAMPOS 13, Guadalupe del Carmen RODRÍGUEZ-JIMENES 14, Amelia PANIAGUA- VÁSQUEZ 15, Pascale BESSE 16, Araceli PÉREZ-SILVA 17 & Michel GRISONI 18,* 1,15 Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigación y Servicios Forestales, Heredia, Costa Rica. 2,11,16 Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France. 3,17 Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Tuxtepec (Oax), Mexico. 4 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7205 – ISYEB CNRS-MNHN-UPMC-EPHE, Paris, France. 5,14 Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Veracruz (Ver), Mexico. 6 Herbario AMO, México (DF), Mexico. 7 Universidad Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, México (DF), Mexico. 8 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ingeniería Agro-hidráulica, Teziutlán (Pue), Mexico. 9 Herbario BIGU, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala. 10 Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Heredia, Costa Rica. 12,18 CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France.
    [Show full text]
  • INTERNATIONAL UNION for the PROTECTION of NEW VARIETIES of PLANTS Geneva
    E TG/303/1 ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2014-04-09 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS Geneva * VANILLA UPOV Codes: VANIL_PLA; VANIL_POD; VANIL_PBA; VANIL_PPO; VANIL_PPH; VANIL_PTA Vanilla planifolia Jacks.; Vanilla planifolia Jacks. x Vanilla odorata; Vanilla planifolia Jacks. x Vanilla bahiana; Vanilla planifolia Jacks. x Vanilla pompona; Vanilla planifolia Jacks. x Vanilla phaeantha; Vanilla planifolia Jacks. x Vanilla tahitensis GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY Alternative Names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish Vanilla planifolia Jacks. Vanilla Vanillier Vanille Vainilla, Xanath V. planifolia Jacks. x V. odorata V. planifolia Jacks. xV. bahiana V. planifolia Jacks. x V. pompona V. planifolia Jacks. x V. phaeantha V. planifolia Jacks. x V. tahitensis The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] TG/303/1 Vanilla, 2014-04-09 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES .......................................................................................................... 3 2. MATERIAL REQUIRED .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Vanilla Planifolia: a Review of a Plant Commonly Used As Flavouring Agent
    Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 20(2), May – Jun 2013; n° 42, 225-228 ISSN 0976 – 044X Review Article Vanilla Planifolia: A Review of a Plant Commonly Used as Flavouring Agent Shruthi Menon, Naira Nayeem* Dept of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] Accepted on: 02-04-2013; Finalized on: 31-05-2013. ABSTRACT The plant Vanilla planifolia is a popular orchid species. The main constituent is vanillin which has been used as a flavoring agent in most of the pharmaceutical preparations. In the present study an attempt has been made to illustrate and to provide an insight to the cultivation, phytochemistry, phytochemical analysis, pharmacological actions and commercial uses of this plant. Keywords: Vanilla planifolia, phytoconstituents, analysis, medicinal uses. INTRODUCTION anilla planifolia, or ‘flat-leafed’ vanilla, is the scientific name for the plant referred to as the V ‘vanilla vine’, ‘vanilla orchid’ or simply, and most commonly, as vanilla. The name "vanilla" is derived from the Spanish word "vanilla", which means "little pod". The vanilla beans are also called as pods or "black flower" as the mature bean, shrivels and turns black after it is picked. It is a commercial as well as medicinal orchid which belongs to Figure 1: Fresh vanilla pods the family Orchidaceae, which is the largest family of flowering plants with over 700 genera and 20,000 species. Many orchid species are grown for their flowers, but vanilla is the only orchid that produces a commercial fruit1. TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION Kingdom - Plantae Phylum - Magnoliophyta Class - Liliopsida Order - Orchidales Figure 2: Dried vanilla pods Family - Orchidaceae GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, HISTORY, CULTIVATION AND HARVESTING Genus - Vanilla The history of vanilla begins with the ancient Totonaco Species - Planifolia Indians of Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vanilla Plant·
    A SHORT GUIDE TO VANILLA · VANILLA · Europe Vanilla is a wild orchid that originates from Mexico. (1500 - 1800) 0s) Fir The beans it produces had already been used by n (150 st Crops ime (1819 pec ’s) l S ica Indonesia an the Mayan and Aztec people for more than 600 ot B & Philippines (1846) years to flavor and sweeten the cocoa-flavored Endemic Introd ucti 6) on (184 (1 Area tion 84 duc 9) drinks they made exclusively for the gods and tro Mesoamerica In elite members of society when the Spanish first Oceania (1900) tasted it and brought it back to Europe in the Réunion Island 16th century. & Mauritius Tahiti (1819) (1848) Comoros & Madagascar From that moment on, the Europeans tried (1893) many times to introduce vanilla vines back home, but for centuries their attempts were met 3 with failure. The plants would take and blossom – But nobody managed to produce any of those India famous vanilla beans. 2% They didn’t have Mexico’s Melipona Bees, the Indonesia 5% Papua New only insect capable of pollinating this orchid. Guinea 3% Mexico Edmond’s Discovery 1% Réunion In 1841, Edmond Albius, a young enslaved teen, Island discovered a technique for fertilizing the flowers 0.53% Uganda Madagascar by hand. He used a wooden spine to tear away 4% 82% Tonga 0.21% Tahiti the membrane that prevents the plant’s organs tons / yr Comoros 2500 1% 0.26% produced worldwide from touching. A few days later, the flower Other transformed into a vanilla bean, revolutionizing 0.11% vanilla production… GLOBAL PRODUCTION · VANILLA Orchidaceae: The Orchid Family · 4 A 15 to 20m (16 to 22 yd) long hemiepi- The flowersare large, aromatic and waxy in The Fruit: The Vanilla Bean phyte plant*, with 1 to 2cm-diameter (.4 to .8 in) appearance, with a light yellow trumpet shape and long, green stems.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vanilla Spp
    UNIVERSITE DE LA REUNION Faculté des Sciences et Technologies UMR « Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical » CIRAD – Université de la Réunion THESE Pour obtenir le diplôme de DOCTORAT Discipline : Sciences Formation Doctorale : Biologie Végétale Ecole Doctorale Sciences Technologies Santé Etude histo-pathologique et moléculaire de la résistance des vanilliers (Vanilla spp., Orchidaceae) à Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-vanillae, agent de la pourriture des racines et des tiges par Sayuj KOYYAPPURATH Soutenance publique du 08 Juillet 2015, devant un jury composé de : Professeur, Université de la Thierry PAILLER Président Réunion Professeur, Université de Quirico MIGHELI Rapporteur Sassari (Italie) Professeur, Université de Altus VILJOEN Rapporteur Stellenbosch (Afrique du Sud) Christian STEINBERG Directeur de Recherche, INRA Examinateur Michel GRISONI Chercheur, CIRAD Encadrant Professeur, Université de la Pascale BESSE Directrice de thèse Réunion Cette thése a reçu le soutien financier de la Région Réunion UNIVERSITE DE LA REUNION Faculté des Sciences et Technologies UMR « Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical » CIRAD – Université de la Réunion THESE Pour obtenir le diplôme de DOCTORAT Discipline : Sciences Formation Doctorale : Biologie Végétale Ecole Doctorale Sciences Technologies Santé Histological and molecular approaches for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-vanillae, causal agent of root and stem rot in Vanilla spp. (Orchidaceae) by Sayuj KOYYAPPURATH Soutenance publique du 08
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of the Key Odorants in Tahitian Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla Tahitensis) by GC-MS and an Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis
    Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 77 (3), 601–605, 2013 Identification of the Key Odorants in Tahitian Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis) by GC-MS and an Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis y Makoto TAKAHASHI, Yoko INAI, Norio MIYAZAWA, Yoshiko KUROBAYASHI, and Akira FUJITA Technical Research Institute, R&D Center, T. Hasegawa Co., Ltd., 29-7 Kariyado, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-0022, Japan Received October 30, 2012; Accepted November 28, 2012; Online Publication, March 7, 2013 [doi:10.1271/bbb.120840] The key odorants of Tahitian vanilla beans (Vanilla chocolate, and confectionery by the flavor industry,3) tahitensis) were characterized by a sensory evaluation, and in luxury applications such as gastronomy and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), quantification, perfumery.4) and aroma reconstitution. Vanillin and anisaldehyde The aroma composition of Tahitian vanilla beans were identified in the same highest flavor dilution (FD) (Vanilla tahitensis) has been extensively analyzed by factor as the most characteristic odor-active compounds gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid in Tahitian vanilla beans, followed by anisyl alcohol and chromatography (HPLC), and more than 200 com- anisyl acetate. Vanillin and anisyl alcohol were by far pounds have been found to be responsible for the flavor the most abundant odorants present with the highest profile of Tahitian vanilla beans.4,5) Lepters-Andrzejew- concentration in the beans, followed by acetic acid, ski et al. have reported Vanilla tahitensis to be different anisaldehyde, and anisyl acetate. A sensory evaluation from Vanilla planiforia in its aroma composition, with a of Tahitian vanilla beans and its reconstitute aroma smaller contribution of vanillin to the overall flavor, and concentrate characterized both samples as similar.
    [Show full text]